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Economic News Release
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CPS CPS Program Links
CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until       USDL-15-2125
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, November 6, 2015

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                   THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- OCTOBER 2015


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 271,000 in October, and the 
unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 5.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau 
of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in professional and 
business services, health care, retail trade, food services and drinking 
places, and construction.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate (5.0 percent) and the number of unemployed persons 
(7.9 million) were essentially unchanged in October. Over the past 12 months, 
the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons were down by 0.7 
percentage point and 1.1 million, respectively. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.7 percent), 
adult women (4.5 percent), teenagers (15.9 percent), whites (4.4 percent), blacks 
(9.2 percent), Asians (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (6.3 percent) showed little 
or no change in October. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was 
essentially unchanged at 2.1 million in October and has shown little change since 
June. These individuals accounted for 26.8 percent of the unemployed in October. 
(See table A-12.)

The civilian labor force participation rate was unchanged at 62.4 percent in 
October, following a decline of 0.2 percentage point in September. The employment-
population ratio, at 59.3 percent, changed little in October and has shown 
little movement over the past year. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred 
to as involuntary part-time workers) edged down by 269,000 to 5.8 million in 
October. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been 
cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. Over the past 12 
months, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons has declined 
by 1.2 million. (See table A-8.)

In October, 1.9 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down 
by 276,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These 
individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, 
and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted 
as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding 
the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 665,000 discouraged workers in October, 
little changed from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) 
Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they 
believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.3 million persons 
marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work for 
reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 271,000 in October. Over the 
prior 12 months, employment growth had averaged 230,000 per month. In October, 
job gains occurred in professional and business services, health care, retail 
trade, food services and drinking places, and construction. (See table B-1.)

Employment in professional and business services increased by 78,000 in October, 
compared with an average gain of 52,000 per month over the prior 12 months. 
In October, job gains occurred in administrative and support services (+46,000), 
computer systems design and related services (+10,000), and architectural 
and engineering services (+8,000). 

Health care added 45,000 jobs in October. Within the industry, employment 
growth continued in ambulatory health care services (+27,000) and in hospitals 
(+18,000). Over the past year, health care has added 495,000 jobs.

Employment in retail trade rose by 44,000 in October, compared with an average 
monthly gain of 25,000 over the prior 12 months. In October, job gains occurred 
in clothing and accessories stores (+20,000), general merchandise stores 
(+11,000), and automobile dealers (+6,000). 

Food services and drinking places added 42,000 jobs in October. Over the year, 
the industry has added 368,000 jobs. 

Construction employment increased by 31,000 in October, following little 
employment change in recent months. Employment in nonresidential specialty 
trade contractors rose by 21,000. Over the past 12 months, construction has 
added 233,000 jobs.

Employment in mining continued to trend down in October (-5,000). The 
industry has shed 109,000 jobs since reaching a recent employment peak in 
December 2014.

Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, wholesale 
trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, 
and government, showed little or no change over the month.  

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained 
at 34.5 hours in October. The manufacturing workweek edged up by 0.1 hour 
to 40.7 hours, and factory overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The 
average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private 
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 
and B-7.)

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm 
payrolls rose by 9 cents to $25.20, following little change in September 
(+1 cent). Hourly earnings have risen by 2.5 percent over the year. Average 
hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees 
increased by 9 cents to $21.18 in October. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised 
from +136,000 to +153,000, and the change for September was revised from 
+142,000 to +137,000. With these revisions, employment gains in August 
and September combined were 12,000 more than previously reported. Over 
the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 187,000 per month. 

_____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on 
Friday, December 4, 2015, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Change from:
Sept.
2015-
Oct.
2015

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

248,657 251,096 251,325 251,541 216

Civilian labor force

156,243 157,065 156,715 157,028 313

Participation rate

62.8 62.6 62.4 62.4 0.0

Employed

147,260 149,036 148,800 149,120 320

Employment-population ratio

59.2 59.4 59.2 59.3 0.1

Unemployed

8,983 8,029 7,915 7,908 -7

Unemployment rate

5.7 5.1 5.1 5.0 -0.1

Not in labor force

92,414 94,031 94,610 94,513 -97

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

5.7 5.1 5.1 5.0 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)

5.1 4.7 4.7 4.7 0.0

Adult women (20 years and over)

5.4 4.7 4.6 4.5 -0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

18.7 16.9 16.3 15.9 -0.4

White

4.9 4.4 4.4 4.4 0.0

Black or African American

10.9 9.5 9.2 9.2 0.0

Asian

5.0 3.5 3.6 3.5 -0.1

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3 -0.1

Total, 25 years and over

4.7 4.2 4.1 4.1 0.0

Less than a high school diploma

7.9 7.7 7.9 7.4 -0.5

High school graduates, no college

5.7 5.5 5.2 5.2 0.0

Some college or associate degree

4.9 4.4 4.3 4.4 0.1

Bachelor's degree and higher

3.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.0

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

4,349 4,070 3,908 3,965 57

Job leavers

782 790 780 789 9

Reentrants

2,856 2,349 2,436 2,430 -6

New entrants

1,058 850 831 807 -24

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,455 2,095 2,363 2,326 -37

5 to 14 weeks

2,322 2,374 2,218 2,311 93

15 to 26 weeks

1,416 1,250 1,214 1,218 4

27 weeks and over

2,904 2,187 2,104 2,142 38

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

7,012 6,483 6,036 5,767 -269

Slack work or business conditions

4,215 3,841 3,569 3,279 -290

Could only find part-time work

2,437 2,242 2,134 2,182 48

Part time for noneconomic reasons

19,793 19,760 19,971 20,169 198

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force

2,192 1,812 1,921 1,916 -

Discouraged workers

770 624 635 665 -

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

221 153 137 271

Total private

218 125 149 268

Goods-producing

34 -21 -10 27

Mining and logging

1 -10 -13 -4

Construction

10 8 12 31

Manufacturing

23 -19 -9 0

Durable goods(1)

21 -5 -4 -3

Motor vehicles and parts

3.4 6.6 4.0 1.2

Nondurable goods

2 -14 -5 3

Private service-providing

184 146 159 241

Wholesale trade

8.9 5.4 0.3 9.7

Retail trade

26.3 4.1 5.8 43.8

Transportation and warehousing

14.6 5.2 4.9 -2.1

Utilities

0.0 1.2 0.3 -0.3

Information

-3 -4 11 -1

Financial activities

7 14 0 5

Professional and business services(1)

40 35 33 78

Temporary help services

9.3 5.7 2.6 24.5

Education and health services(1)

28 56 46 57

Health care and social assistance

26.0 53.1 47.1 56.7

Leisure and hospitality

55 37 51 41

Other services

7 -8 6 10

Government

3 28 -12 3

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

228 207 171 187

Total private

221 179 156 181

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private women employees

47.9 48.0 48.0 48.0

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

82.6 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.6 34.6 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings

$24.59 $25.10 $25.11 $25.20

Average weekly earnings

$850.81 $868.46 $866.30 $869.40

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

102.0 104.0 103.8 104.1

Over-the-month percent change

0.5 0.1 -0.2 0.3

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

119.7 124.6 124.4 125.2

Over-the-month percent change

0.6 0.5 -0.2 0.6

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (263 industries)

63.3 57.2 53.4 61.8

Manufacturing (80 industries)

65.6 39.4 37.5 51.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 143,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 588,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 105,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-55,000 to +155,000 (50,000 +/- 105,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

248,657 251,325 251,541 248,657 250,663 250,876 251,096 251,325 251,541

Civilian labor force

156,616 156,607 157,313 156,243 157,037 157,106 157,065 156,715 157,028

Participation rate

63.0 62.3 62.5 62.8 62.6 62.6 62.6 62.4 62.4

Employed

147,936 148,980 149,716 147,260 148,739 148,840 149,036 148,800 149,120

Employment-population ratio

59.5 59.3 59.5 59.2 59.3 59.3 59.4 59.2 59.3

Unemployed

8,680 7,628 7,597 8,983 8,299 8,266 8,029 7,915 7,908

Unemployment rate

5.5 4.9 4.8 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0

Not in labor force

92,041 94,718 94,228 92,414 93,626 93,770 94,031 94,610 94,513

Persons who currently want a job

6,122 5,584 5,703 6,545 6,076 6,135 5,932 5,955 6,052

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

120,112 121,365 121,474 120,112 121,032 121,139 121,250 121,365 121,474

Civilian labor force

83,075 83,390 83,572 82,950 83,490 83,578 83,472 83,402 83,501

Participation rate

69.2 68.7 68.8 69.1 69.0 69.0 68.8 68.7 68.7

Employed

78,696 79,406 79,579 78,286 79,020 79,202 79,211 79,134 79,219

Employment-population ratio

65.5 65.4 65.5 65.2 65.3 65.4 65.3 65.2 65.2

Unemployed

4,379 3,984 3,993 4,664 4,471 4,376 4,261 4,267 4,282

Unemployment rate

5.3 4.8 4.8 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1

Not in labor force

37,037 37,975 37,902 37,161 37,541 37,562 37,778 37,964 37,973

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

111,679 112,940 113,049 111,679 112,605 112,714 112,825 112,940 113,049

Civilian labor force

80,241 80,633 80,817 80,023 80,680 80,790 80,640 80,553 80,662

Participation rate

71.9 71.4 71.5 71.7 71.6 71.7 71.5 71.3 71.4

Employed

76,399 77,110 77,258 75,928 76,783 76,903 76,880 76,763 76,852

Employment-population ratio

68.4 68.3 68.3 68.0 68.2 68.2 68.1 68.0 68.0

Unemployed

3,843 3,523 3,559 4,094 3,897 3,887 3,760 3,790 3,809

Unemployment rate

4.8 4.4 4.4 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7

Not in labor force

31,437 32,307 32,232 31,656 31,925 31,924 32,185 32,387 32,388

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

128,545 129,960 130,067 128,545 129,631 129,737 129,846 129,960 130,067

Civilian labor force

73,541 73,217 73,741 73,293 73,547 73,528 73,593 73,313 73,527

Participation rate

57.2 56.3 56.7 57.0 56.7 56.7 56.7 56.4 56.5

Employed

69,240 69,574 70,137 68,974 69,719 69,638 69,825 69,665 69,901

Employment-population ratio

53.9 53.5 53.9 53.7 53.8 53.7 53.8 53.6 53.7

Unemployed

4,301 3,643 3,604 4,318 3,828 3,891 3,768 3,648 3,627

Unemployment rate

5.8 5.0 4.9 5.9 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.9

Not in labor force

55,004 56,743 56,326 55,253 56,085 56,209 56,253 56,647 56,540

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

120,370 121,773 121,880 120,370 121,445 121,551 121,660 121,773 121,880

Civilian labor force

70,701 70,633 71,093 70,354 70,665 70,745 70,826 70,561 70,779

Participation rate

58.7 58.0 58.3 58.4 58.2 58.2 58.2 57.9 58.1

Employed

66,900 67,394 67,885 66,560 67,294 67,271 67,502 67,346 67,568

Employment-population ratio

55.6 55.3 55.7 55.3 55.4 55.3 55.5 55.3 55.4

Unemployed

3,800 3,239 3,209 3,794 3,372 3,474 3,324 3,214 3,211

Unemployment rate

5.4 4.6 4.5 5.4 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.5

Not in labor force

49,670 51,140 50,787 50,016 50,780 50,806 50,833 51,212 51,101

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,608 16,612 16,612 16,608 16,613 16,611 16,611 16,612 16,612

Civilian labor force

5,674 5,341 5,403 5,866 5,691 5,570 5,599 5,601 5,587

Participation rate

34.2 32.1 32.5 35.3 34.3 33.5 33.7 33.7 33.6

Employed

4,637 4,476 4,574 4,772 4,662 4,666 4,654 4,690 4,700

Employment-population ratio

27.9 26.9 27.5 28.7 28.1 28.1 28.0 28.2 28.3

Unemployed

1,037 865 830 1,094 1,029 904 945 911 888

Unemployment rate

18.3 16.2 15.4 18.7 18.1 16.2 16.9 16.3 15.9

Not in labor force

10,933 11,271 11,209 10,742 10,922 11,040 11,012 11,011 11,025

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

195,896 197,152 197,271 195,896 196,786 196,904 197,024 197,152 197,271

Civilian labor force

123,610 123,111 123,572 123,287 123,649 123,607 123,390 123,132 123,348

Participation rate

63.1 62.4 62.6 62.9 62.8 62.8 62.6 62.5 62.5

Employed

117,901 117,971 118,474 117,300 117,942 117,880 117,903 117,768 117,961

Employment-population ratio

60.2 59.8 60.1 59.9 59.9 59.9 59.8 59.7 59.8

Unemployed

5,709 5,139 5,098 5,987 5,707 5,727 5,487 5,364 5,387

Unemployment rate

4.6 4.2 4.1 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.4

Not in labor force

72,286 74,041 73,699 72,609 73,137 73,297 73,634 74,020 73,922

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

64,445 64,608 64,711 64,234 64,727 64,819 64,617 64,543 64,579

Participation rate

72.1 71.8 71.8 71.8 72.1 72.1 71.8 71.7 71.7

Employed

61,906 62,165 62,280 61,507 62,031 62,057 61,964 61,880 61,940

Employment-population ratio

69.2 69.1 69.1 68.8 69.1 69.0 68.9 68.7 68.8

Unemployed

2,539 2,443 2,431 2,727 2,696 2,762 2,652 2,663 2,639

Unemployment rate

3.9 3.8 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

54,698 54,284 54,631 54,452 54,400 54,369 54,372 54,181 54,398

Participation rate

58.1 57.2 57.6 57.9 57.5 57.4 57.4 57.1 57.3

Employed

52,250 52,162 52,541 51,945 52,097 52,027 52,167 52,091 52,254

Employment-population ratio

55.5 55.0 55.4 55.2 55.0 54.9 55.1 54.9 55.1

Unemployed

2,449 2,122 2,090 2,507 2,303 2,342 2,205 2,090 2,143

Unemployment rate

4.5 3.9 3.8 4.6 4.2 4.3 4.1 3.9 3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,466 4,218 4,230 4,601 4,522 4,418 4,401 4,407 4,372

Participation rate

36.1 34.3 34.4 37.2 36.7 35.9 35.7 35.8 35.5

Employed

3,745 3,644 3,653 3,848 3,814 3,796 3,772 3,796 3,767

Employment-population ratio

30.3 29.6 29.7 31.1 31.0 30.8 30.6 30.8 30.6

Unemployed

721 574 576 753 708 622 629 611 605

Unemployment rate

16.1 13.6 13.6 16.4 15.7 14.1 14.3 13.9 13.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

30,969 31,479 31,518 30,969 31,362 31,399 31,438 31,479 31,518

Civilian labor force

19,124 19,287 19,502 19,024 19,346 19,298 19,388 19,349 19,394

Participation rate

61.8 61.3 61.9 61.4 61.7 61.5 61.7 61.5 61.5

Employed

17,086 17,535 17,734 16,953 17,501 17,534 17,556 17,560 17,607

Employment-population ratio

55.2 55.7 56.3 54.7 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.8 55.9

Unemployed

2,038 1,752 1,768 2,071 1,845 1,764 1,832 1,789 1,787

Unemployment rate

10.7 9.1 9.1 10.9 9.5 9.1 9.5 9.2 9.2

Not in labor force

11,846 12,192 12,016 11,945 12,016 12,101 12,050 12,130 12,124

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

8,701 8,769 8,809 8,672 8,808 8,738 8,763 8,751 8,772

Participation rate

67.9 67.0 67.2 67.6 67.6 67.0 67.1 66.9 67.0

Employed

7,821 8,017 8,038 7,742 7,970 7,966 7,956 7,975 7,965

Employment-population ratio

61.0 61.3 61.4 60.4 61.2 61.1 60.9 61.0 60.8

Unemployed

880 752 771 930 838 773 807 776 806

Unemployment rate

10.1 8.6 8.8 10.7 9.5 8.8 9.2 8.9 9.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,693 9,858 10,018 9,624 9,827 9,861 9,934 9,882 9,951

Participation rate

61.9 62.0 62.9 61.5 62.0 62.1 62.5 62.1 62.5

Employed

8,758 9,069 9,180 8,720 9,046 9,070 9,125 9,094 9,142

Employment-population ratio

56.0 57.0 57.6 55.7 57.1 57.2 57.4 57.2 57.4

Unemployed

935 789 838 904 781 791 809 788 809

Unemployment rate

9.6 8.0 8.4 9.4 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

729 660 675 728 712 698 691 715 671

Participation rate

29.2 26.5 27.1 29.2 28.6 28.1 27.8 28.7 27.0

Employed

506 449 515 491 486 498 474 490 500

Employment-population ratio

20.3 18.0 20.7 19.7 19.5 20.0 19.1 19.7 20.1

Unemployed

223 211 159 237 226 200 216 225 172

Unemployment rate

30.6 32.0 23.6 32.5 31.8 28.7 31.3 31.5 25.6

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

13,782 14,508 14,440 13,782 14,430 14,540 14,558 14,508 14,440

Civilian labor force

8,729 8,990 8,867 8,782 9,076 9,113 9,110 9,040 8,942

Participation rate

63.3 62.0 61.4 63.7 62.9 62.7 62.6 62.3 61.9

Employed

8,295 8,675 8,561 8,340 8,730 8,751 8,790 8,710 8,626

Employment-population ratio

60.2 59.8 59.3 60.5 60.5 60.2 60.4 60.0 59.7

Unemployed

433 315 307 443 346 362 321 330 316

Unemployment rate

5.0 3.5 3.5 5.0 3.8 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.5

Not in labor force

5,054 5,518 5,573 5,000 5,354 5,427 5,448 5,468 5,498

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

38,679 39,828 39,916 38,679 39,566 39,648 39,737 39,828 39,916

Civilian labor force

25,732 25,989 26,223 25,665 26,132 26,158 26,077 26,069 26,193

Participation rate

66.5 65.3 65.7 66.4 66.0 66.0 65.6 65.5 65.6

Employed

24,051 24,454 24,643 23,931 24,401 24,374 24,343 24,403 24,533

Employment-population ratio

62.2 61.4 61.7 61.9 61.7 61.5 61.3 61.3 61.5

Unemployed

1,681 1,535 1,580 1,734 1,730 1,784 1,734 1,666 1,660

Unemployment rate

6.5 5.9 6.0 6.8 6.6 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.3

Not in labor force

12,947 13,839 13,693 13,013 13,434 13,491 13,660 13,760 13,723

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

14,279 14,450 14,494 14,218 14,402 14,468 14,352 14,475 14,460

Participation rate

81.6 80.5 80.5 81.2 80.7 80.9 80.1 80.6 80.3

Employed

13,550 13,759 13,819 13,458 13,549 13,596 13,595 13,679 13,727

Employment-population ratio

77.4 76.6 76.8 76.9 76.0 76.1 75.9 76.2 76.3

Unemployed

728 692 675 760 853 872 757 796 733

Unemployment rate

5.1 4.8 4.7 5.3 5.9 6.0 5.3 5.5 5.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,284 10,485 10,654 10,259 10,552 10,574 10,606 10,500 10,639

Participation rate

58.8 57.8 58.6 58.6 58.5 58.5 58.6 57.8 58.5

Employed

9,568 9,827 9,996 9,522 9,919 9,850 9,859 9,834 9,957

Employment-population ratio

54.7 54.1 54.9 54.4 55.0 54.5 54.4 54.2 54.7

Unemployed

717 658 659 737 633 724 747 667 682

Unemployment rate

7.0 6.3 6.2 7.2 6.0 6.8 7.0 6.3 6.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,169 1,054 1,074 1,187 1,178 1,116 1,118 1,094 1,094

Participation rate

31.8 28.4 28.9 32.3 31.8 30.1 30.1 29.4 29.4

Employed

933 869 828 950 933 928 889 890 848

Employment-population ratio

25.4 23.4 22.3 25.9 25.2 25.0 24.0 24.0 22.8

Unemployed

236 185 246 237 245 188 230 204 245

Unemployment rate

20.2 17.6 22.9 20.0 20.8 16.9 20.6 18.6 22.4

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

10,683 10,588 10,511 10,831 11,065 10,843 10,692 10,608 10,699

Participation rate

44.7 44.8 44.8 45.3 44.6 46.2 45.4 44.8 45.6

Employed

9,896 9,858 9,795 9,975 10,161 9,942 9,865 9,773 9,903

Employment-population ratio

41.4 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.0 42.4 41.9 41.3 42.2

Unemployed

787 730 715 856 904 901 827 835 796

Unemployment rate

7.4 6.9 6.8 7.9 8.2 8.3 7.7 7.9 7.4

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

36,258 35,497 35,675 36,183 34,996 35,130 35,534 35,250 35,434

Participation rate

58.1 57.3 57.6 58.0 57.1 57.1 57.1 56.9 57.2

Employed

34,315 33,719 33,930 34,127 33,110 33,194 33,584 33,408 33,587

Employment-population ratio

55.0 54.5 54.8 54.7 54.0 53.9 54.0 54.0 54.2

Unemployed

1,943 1,778 1,744 2,056 1,886 1,936 1,950 1,842 1,846

Unemployment rate

5.4 5.0 4.9 5.7 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.2 5.2

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

37,671 37,358 37,467 37,304 37,674 37,547 37,053 37,209 37,313

Participation rate

67.2 66.2 66.2 66.5 66.8 65.9 65.9 66.0 65.9

Employed

35,836 35,797 35,860 35,460 36,084 35,900 35,427 35,604 35,680

Employment-population ratio

63.9 63.5 63.3 63.2 64.0 63.0 63.0 63.1 63.0

Unemployed

1,836 1,562 1,606 1,843 1,590 1,646 1,626 1,605 1,633

Unemployment rate

4.9 4.2 4.3 4.9 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.4

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

50,601 52,552 52,784 50,471 51,855 52,361 52,454 52,693 52,643

Participation rate

74.8 74.2 74.3 74.6 74.6 74.5 74.3 74.4 74.1

Employed

49,109 51,251 51,476 48,937 50,548 51,021 51,167 51,396 51,307

Employment-population ratio

72.6 72.4 72.5 72.4 72.7 72.6 72.5 72.6 72.2

Unemployed

1,493 1,301 1,308 1,534 1,307 1,339 1,286 1,297 1,336

Unemployment rate

2.9 2.5 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.5 2.5

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

21,069 21,120 18,810 19,119 2,259 2,001

Civilian labor force

10,729 10,772 9,308 9,535 1,421 1,237

Participation rate

50.9 51.0 49.5 49.9 62.9 61.8

Employed

10,248 10,349 8,905 9,180 1,343 1,169

Employment-population ratio

48.6 49.0 47.3 48.0 59.5 58.4

Unemployed

480 422 403 355 77 67

Unemployment rate

4.5 3.9 4.3 3.7 5.5 5.4

Not in labor force

10,340 10,348 9,502 9,584 838 764

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,340 3,774 2,629 3,047 710 727

Civilian labor force

2,628 3,068 2,146 2,539 481 529

Participation rate

78.7 81.3 81.6 83.3 67.7 72.8

Employed

2,440 2,926 2,013 2,435 427 491

Employment-population ratio

73.1 77.5 76.5 79.9 60.1 67.5

Unemployed

188 142 134 104 54 38

Unemployment rate

7.2 4.6 6.2 4.1 11.2 7.2

Not in labor force

712 707 483 508 229 198

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,202 3,323 2,599 2,876 604 447

Civilian labor force

2,680 2,672 2,227 2,341 454 331

Participation rate

83.7 80.4 85.7 81.4 75.1 74.0

Employed

2,605 2,578 2,161 2,265 444 314

Employment-population ratio

81.3 77.6 83.1 78.8 73.5 70.2

Unemployed

76 93 66 76 10 17

Unemployment rate

2.8 3.5 3.0 3.3 2.1 5.2

Not in labor force

522 651 372 535 150 116

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

9,244 8,783 8,896 8,471 348 312

Civilian labor force

2,587 2,284 2,504 2,224 83 60

Participation rate

28.0 26.0 28.1 26.3 23.8 19.2

Employed

2,490 2,208 2,411 2,156 79 53

Employment-population ratio

26.9 25.1 27.1 25.4 22.7 16.9

Unemployed

97 76 93 69 4 7

Unemployment rate

3.8 3.3 3.7 3.1 4.6 -

Not in labor force

6,657 6,499 6,392 6,247 265 252

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,283 5,240 4,686 4,725 597 515

Civilian labor force

2,834 2,748 2,431 2,431 403 317

Participation rate

53.7 52.4 51.9 51.5 67.5 61.5

Employed

2,715 2,637 2,321 2,325 393 312

Employment-population ratio

51.4 50.3 49.5 49.2 65.9 60.6

Unemployed

120 111 110 106 10 5

Unemployment rate

4.2 4.0 4.5 4.4 2.5 1.4

Not in labor force

2,449 2,492 2,255 2,294 194 198

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

218,556 221,487 96,681 97,773 121,875 123,715

Civilian labor force

143,819 144,641 72,753 73,090 71,065 71,552

Participation rate

65.8 65.3 75.3 74.8 58.3 57.8

Employed

136,031 137,774 69,006 69,620 67,025 68,153

Employment-population ratio

62.2 62.2 71.4 71.2 55.0 55.1

Unemployed

7,788 6,868 3,747 3,470 4,040 3,398

Unemployment rate

5.4 4.7 5.2 4.7 5.7 4.7

Not in labor force

74,738 76,846 23,928 24,683 50,810 52,163

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

29,742 30,026 218,914 221,515

Civilian labor force

5,942 5,811 150,674 151,502

Participation rate

20.0 19.4 68.8 68.4

Employed

5,269 5,199 142,667 144,518

Employment-population ratio

17.7 17.3 65.2 65.2

Unemployed

673 613 8,007 6,985

Unemployment rate

11.3 10.5 5.3 4.6

Not in labor force

23,800 24,215 68,240 70,013

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,544 2,443 75,855 76,128

Participation rate

32.5 31.9 82.4 82.0

Employed

2,222 2,163 71,975 72,574

Employment-population ratio

28.4 28.2 78.2 78.2

Unemployed

322 280 3,880 3,554

Unemployment rate

12.7 11.5 5.1 4.7

Not in labor force

5,293 5,217 16,240 16,732

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,411 2,291 67,319 67,429

Participation rate

29.4 28.3 70.8 70.3

Employed

2,128 2,010 63,491 64,232

Employment-population ratio

25.9 24.8 66.7 67.0

Unemployed

284 282 3,829 3,197

Unemployment rate

11.8 12.3 5.7 4.7

Not in labor force

5,788 5,815 27,807 28,509

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

986 1,077 7,500 7,945

Participation rate

7.2 7.6 23.7 24.3

Employed

919 1,026 7,201 7,711

Employment-population ratio

6.7 7.2 22.7 23.6

Unemployed

67 51 298 234

Unemployment rate

6.8 4.7 4.0 2.9

Not in labor force

12,719 13,182 24,193 24,772

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

39,696 40,074 19,553 19,463 20,143 20,610

Civilian labor force

26,364 26,267 15,431 15,262 10,933 11,004

Participation rate

66.4 65.5 78.9 78.4 54.3 53.4

Employed

24,984 25,120 14,745 14,688 10,239 10,431

Employment-population ratio

62.9 62.7 75.4 75.5 50.8 50.6

Unemployed

1,380 1,147 686 574 694 573

Unemployment rate

5.2 4.4 4.4 3.8 6.4 5.2

Not in labor force

13,332 13,807 4,122 4,201 9,210 9,606

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

208,960 211,468 100,559 102,011 108,402 109,457

Civilian labor force

130,252 131,047 67,644 68,310 62,608 62,737

Participation rate

62.3 62.0 67.3 67.0 57.8 57.3

Employed

122,952 124,597 63,951 64,891 59,001 59,706

Employment-population ratio

58.8 58.9 63.6 63.6 54.4 54.5

Unemployed

7,300 6,450 3,693 3,419 3,606 3,031

Unemployment rate

5.6 4.9 5.5 5.0 5.8 4.8

Not in labor force

78,709 80,421 32,915 33,701 45,794 46,720

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,517 2,471 2,518 2,402 2,544 2,375 2,345 2,357 2,390

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,689 1,634 1,683 1,581 1,590 1,490 1,437 1,506 1,566

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

800 810 810 784 905 853 886 820 803

Unpaid family workers

28 26 25 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

145,419 146,509 147,198 144,982 146,192 146,439 146,679 146,464 146,795

Wage and salary workers(1)

136,454 138,008 138,477 136,016 137,458 137,628 137,988 137,966 138,106

Government

20,049 20,446 20,667 19,885 20,744 20,547 20,620 20,526 20,565

Private industries

116,405 117,562 117,810 116,059 116,678 117,059 117,331 117,516 117,469

Private households

773 733 791 - - - - - -

Other industries

115,631 116,829 117,019 115,281 115,857 116,257 116,509 116,747 116,659

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,916 8,452 8,660 8,908 8,645 8,741 8,682 8,357 8,640

Unpaid family workers

50 49 61 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

6,787 5,693 5,536 7,012 6,505 6,325 6,483 6,036 5,767

Slack work or business conditions

4,109 3,360 3,179 4,215 3,915 3,828 3,841 3,569 3,279

Could only find part-time work

2,414 2,085 2,147 2,437 2,216 2,213 2,242 2,134 2,182

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

20,332 20,109 20,754 19,793 20,480 19,891 19,760 19,971 20,169

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

6,698 5,620 5,495 6,911 6,384 6,223 6,380 5,946 5,711

Slack work or business conditions

4,059 3,319 3,161 4,149 3,828 3,752 3,779 3,521 3,251

Could only find part-time work

2,394 2,060 2,145 2,407 2,195 2,199 2,239 2,104 2,173

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

19,935 19,791 20,352 19,443 19,996 19,504 19,445 19,656 19,801

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

147,936 148,980 149,716 147,260 148,739 148,840 149,036 148,800 149,120

16 to 19 years

4,637 4,476 4,574 4,772 4,662 4,666 4,654 4,690 4,700

16 to 17 years

1,657 1,643 1,593 1,626 1,654 1,637 1,623 1,634 1,573

18 to 19 years

2,980 2,832 2,981 3,141 3,014 3,034 3,030 3,049 3,118

20 years and over

143,299 144,504 145,143 142,488 144,077 144,174 144,382 144,110 144,420

20 to 24 years

14,144 13,880 14,080 14,088 14,055 14,043 14,315 13,977 14,038

25 years and over

129,155 130,625 131,062 128,522 130,043 130,123 130,051 130,135 130,478

25 to 54 years

96,262 97,142 97,112 95,772 96,618 96,487 96,628 96,735 96,700

25 to 34 years

32,396 32,899 32,919 32,228 32,756 32,652 32,765 32,808 32,786

35 to 44 years

31,162 31,522 31,521 30,994 31,277 31,261 31,343 31,350 31,349

45 to 54 years

32,705 32,722 32,672 32,550 32,584 32,574 32,520 32,578 32,565

55 years and over

32,893 33,483 33,951 32,750 33,425 33,636 33,423 33,400 33,778

Men, 16 years and over

78,696 79,406 79,579 78,286 79,020 79,202 79,211 79,134 79,219

16 to 19 years

2,297 2,296 2,321 2,358 2,237 2,299 2,331 2,371 2,367

16 to 17 years

784 821 779 785 824 799 808 803 778

18 to 19 years

1,513 1,475 1,542 1,584 1,415 1,498 1,526 1,563 1,592

20 years and over

76,399 77,110 77,258 75,928 76,783 76,903 76,880 76,763 76,852

20 to 24 years

7,353 7,085 7,164 7,337 7,181 7,177 7,256 7,111 7,152

25 years and over

69,045 70,026 70,094 68,673 69,633 69,730 69,615 69,632 69,764

25 to 54 years

51,610 52,243 52,064 51,327 51,828 51,740 51,891 51,958 51,839

25 to 34 years

17,494 17,831 17,817 17,367 17,799 17,689 17,705 17,741 17,724

35 to 44 years

16,899 17,064 17,013 16,802 16,903 16,838 16,931 16,954 16,916

45 to 54 years

17,217 17,349 17,234 17,159 17,125 17,213 17,255 17,264 17,198

55 years and over

17,435 17,782 18,029 17,346 17,806 17,990 17,724 17,673 17,925

Women, 16 years and over

69,240 69,574 70,137 68,974 69,719 69,638 69,825 69,665 69,901

16 to 19 years

2,340 2,180 2,253 2,414 2,425 2,367 2,322 2,319 2,333

16 to 17 years

872 822 814 841 830 838 814 831 794

18 to 19 years

1,468 1,358 1,438 1,557 1,599 1,536 1,504 1,485 1,526

20 years and over

66,900 67,394 67,885 66,560 67,294 67,271 67,502 67,346 67,568

20 to 24 years

6,790 6,795 6,916 6,751 6,874 6,865 7,059 6,866 6,886

25 years and over

60,110 60,599 60,969 59,849 60,409 60,392 60,437 60,504 60,715

25 to 54 years

44,653 44,899 45,047 44,445 44,790 44,746 44,738 44,777 44,861

25 to 34 years

14,902 15,068 15,103 14,861 14,957 14,962 15,060 15,067 15,061

35 to 44 years

14,263 14,458 14,508 14,192 14,374 14,423 14,413 14,395 14,433

45 to 54 years

15,488 15,373 15,437 15,391 15,459 15,361 15,265 15,314 15,367

55 years and over

15,457 15,700 15,921 15,404 15,619 15,646 15,699 15,727 15,853

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

44,624 45,091 44,992 44,380 44,878 44,855 44,994 44,888 44,829

Married women, spouse present

34,995 35,185 35,340 34,833 34,940 34,815 34,963 35,014 35,172

Women who maintain families

9,483 9,714 9,852 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(1)

120,176 122,303 122,466 119,681 121,053 121,589 122,024 121,839 122,024

Part-time workers(2)

27,760 26,677 27,250 27,690 27,667 27,265 26,916 26,969 27,183

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,773 7,297 7,620 7,674 7,119 7,124 7,187 7,314 7,423

Percent of total employed

5.3 4.9 5.1 5.2 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

5,507 5,534 5,283 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,715 9,262 9,469 9,692 9,550 9,593 9,569 9,176 9,443

Footnotes
(1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

8,983 7,915 7,908 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0

16 to 19 years

1,094 911 888 18.7 18.1 16.2 16.9 16.3 15.9

16 to 17 years

466 350 349 22.3 18.3 17.4 18.5 17.7 18.2

18 to 19 years

636 577 539 16.8 18.2 15.9 16.0 15.9 14.8

20 years and over

7,889 7,004 7,020 5.2 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.6

20 to 24 years

1,661 1,405 1,452 10.5 9.9 10.1 8.9 9.1 9.4

25 years and over

6,306 5,571 5,607 4.7 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1

25 to 54 years

4,937 4,207 4,424 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.4

25 to 34 years

2,133 1,756 1,850 6.2 5.6 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.3

35 to 44 years

1,439 1,310 1,352 4.4 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.0 4.1

45 to 54 years

1,366 1,142 1,222 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.6

55 years and over

1,385 1,340 1,212 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.5

Men, 16 years and over

4,664 4,267 4,282 5.6 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.1

16 to 19 years

570 477 473 19.5 20.4 17.5 17.7 16.8 16.6

16 to 17 years

269 187 196 25.5 19.5 18.7 18.7 18.9 20.1

18 to 19 years

318 304 281 16.7 21.4 17.4 17.3 16.3 15.0

20 years and over

4,094 3,790 3,809 5.1 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7

20 to 24 years

849 814 849 10.4 10.9 11.0 9.8 10.3 10.6

25 years and over

3,285 2,954 2,976 4.6 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1

25 to 54 years

2,512 2,210 2,341 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.3

25 to 34 years

1,113 967 1,037 6.0 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.5

35 to 44 years

727 647 670 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.8

45 to 54 years

672 597 635 3.8 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.3 3.6

55 years and over

772 744 635 4.3 3.8 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.4

Women, 16 years and over

4,318 3,648 3,627 5.9 5.2 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.9

16 to 19 years

524 433 415 17.8 15.8 15.0 16.1 15.7 15.1

16 to 17 years

197 163 153 19.0 17.2 16.1 18.3 16.4 16.1

18 to 19 years

319 273 259 17.0 15.2 14.5 14.6 15.5 14.5

20 years and over

3,794 3,214 3,211 5.4 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.6 4.5

20 to 24 years

811 592 603 10.7 8.8 9.2 7.9 7.9 8.1

25 years and over

3,022 2,617 2,631 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.2

25 to 54 years

2,425 1,997 2,083 5.2 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.3 4.4

25 to 34 years

1,019 789 813 6.4 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.1

35 to 44 years

712 663 682 4.8 3.8 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.5

45 to 54 years

694 545 588 4.3 3.6 4.0 4.0 3.4 3.7

55 years and over

593 604 566 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

1,388 1,276 1,282 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8

Married women, spouse present

1,273 1,090 1,071 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.0 3.0

Women who maintain families(1)

904 739 795 8.7 7.8 8.0 8.1 7.1 7.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(2)

7,594 6,585 6,617 6.0 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.1

Part-time workers(3)

1,451 1,358 1,328 5.0 5.2 5.1 4.9 4.8 4.7

Footnotes
(1) Not seasonally adjusted.
(2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

3,995 3,509 3,576 4,349 4,088 4,143 4,070 3,908 3,965

On temporary layoff

593 574 645 847 1,052 999 1,001 899 933

Not on temporary layoff

3,402 2,935 2,931 3,501 3,035 3,145 3,069 3,009 3,031

Permanent job losers

2,458 2,121 2,077 2,505 2,126 2,224 2,147 2,160 2,132

Persons who completed temporary jobs

944 813 854 997 909 921 922 849 899

Job leavers

803 849 801 782 773 843 790 780 789

Reentrants

2,863 2,474 2,445 2,856 2,516 2,447 2,349 2,436 2,430

New entrants

1,019 796 775 1,058 933 826 850 831 807

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

46.0 46.0 47.1 48.1 49.2 50.2 50.5 49.1 49.6

On temporary layoff

6.8 7.5 8.5 9.4 12.7 12.1 12.4 11.3 11.7

Not on temporary layoff

39.2 38.5 38.6 38.7 36.5 38.1 38.1 37.8 37.9

Job leavers

9.3 11.1 10.5 8.6 9.3 10.2 9.8 9.8 9.9

Reentrants

33.0 32.4 32.2 31.6 30.3 29.6 29.1 30.6 30.4

New entrants

11.7 10.4 10.2 11.7 11.2 10.0 10.6 10.5 10.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2.6 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5

Job leavers

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants

1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5

New entrants

0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,283 2,324 2,160 2,455 2,355 2,488 2,095 2,363 2,326

5 to 14 weeks

2,146 2,096 2,136 2,322 2,364 2,257 2,374 2,218 2,311

15 weeks and over

4,251 3,207 3,301 4,321 3,514 3,368 3,437 3,318 3,360

15 to 26 weeks

1,413 1,143 1,211 1,416 1,393 1,188 1,250 1,214 1,218

27 weeks and over

2,838 2,064 2,090 2,904 2,121 2,180 2,187 2,104 2,142

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

33.8 26.2 28.9 32.9 28.1 28.3 28.4 26.3 28.0

Median duration, in weeks

14.0 11.4 11.7 13.5 11.3 11.3 12.1 11.4 11.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

26.3 30.5 28.4 27.0 28.6 30.7 26.5 29.9 29.1

5 to 14 weeks

24.7 27.5 28.1 25.5 28.7 27.8 30.0 28.1 28.9

15 weeks and over

49.0 42.0 43.5 47.5 42.7 41.5 43.5 42.0 42.0

15 to 26 weeks

16.3 15.0 15.9 15.6 16.9 14.6 15.8 15.4 15.2

27 weeks and over

32.7 27.1 27.5 31.9 25.8 26.9 27.7 26.6 26.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015

Total, 16 years and over(1)

147,936 149,716 8,680 7,597 5.5 4.8

Management, professional, and related occupations

56,759 58,456 1,582 1,312 2.7 2.2

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

23,365 24,387 643 552 2.7 2.2

Professional and related occupations

33,394 34,070 939 760 2.7 2.2

Service occupations

26,146 25,890 2,076 1,800 7.4 6.5

Sales and office occupations

33,259 33,273 1,817 1,688 5.2 4.8

Sales and related occupations

15,504 15,330 847 858 5.2 5.3

Office and administrative support occupations

17,755 17,943 970 831 5.2 4.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

13,867 14,036 967 887 6.5 5.9

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,077 1,106 122 137 10.2 11.0

Construction and extraction occupations

7,813 7,773 650 592 7.7 7.1

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,977 5,156 195 158 3.8 3.0

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

17,906 18,061 1,184 1,112 6.2 5.8

Production occupations

8,671 8,579 554 429 6.0 4.8

Transportation and material moving occupations

9,235 9,482 630 683 6.4 6.7

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015

Total, 16 years and over(1)

8,680 7,597 5.5 4.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

6,580 5,860 5.4 4.7

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

53 89 4.5 9.4

Construction

542 534 6.4 6.2

Manufacturing

658 634 4.3 4.0

Durable goods

424 409 4.4 4.1

Nondurable goods

235 225 4.1 3.8

Wholesale and retail trade

1,031 1,006 5.1 5.0

Transportation and utilities

295 269 4.5 4.1

Information

139 82 4.7 3.0

Financial activities

331 227 3.6 2.4

Professional and business services

1,004 873 6.5 5.4

Education and health services

1,011 791 4.4 3.4

Leisure and hospitality

1,169 1,080 8.5 8.0

Other services

348 275 5.2 4.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

134 130 7.6 7.4

Government workers

564 506 2.7 2.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

384 326 3.8 3.3

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2014
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
June
2015
July
2015
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015
Oct.
2015

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.7 2.0 2.1 2.8 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.6 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

5.5 4.9 4.8 5.7 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.1 5.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

6.0 5.3 5.2 6.2 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.4

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

6.8 6.0 6.0 7.1 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.2 6.2

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

11.1 9.6 9.5 11.5 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.0 9.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015
Oct.
2014
Oct.
2015

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

92,041 94,228 37,037 37,902 55,004 56,326

Persons who currently want a job

6,122 5,703 2,852 2,604 3,269 3,099

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

2,192 1,916 1,154 1,017 1,038 899

Discouraged workers(2)

770 665 480 375 290 290

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,423 1,250 674 642 748 609

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,773 7,620 3,805 3,741 3,968 3,879

Percent of total employed

5.3 5.1 4.8 4.7 5.7 5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

4,089 4,084 2,386 2,223 1,704 1,861

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

2,172 2,045 691 688 1,482 1,358

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

227 196 126 137 100 59

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,233 1,249 574 667 660 582

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)
Change from:
Sept.2015 - Oct.2015(p)

Total nonfarm

141,000 142,062 142,587 143,739 139,840 142,246 142,383 142,654 271

Total private

118,729 121,180 120,711 121,366 117,957 120,249 120,398 120,666 268

Goods-producing

19,638 19,930 19,817 19,819 19,349 19,537 19,527 19,554 27

Mining and logging

920 831 816 808 911 820 807 803 -4

Logging

55.5 56.3 54.7 55.2 52.3 53.7 52.1 52.5 0.4

Mining

864.0 774.3 761.2 753.0 858.9 766.2 755.1 750.6 -4.5

Oil and gas extraction

201.3 193.2 190.4 187.3 201.5 191.7 190.1 187.4 -2.7

Mining, except oil and gas(1)

210.3 202.8 199.2 198.0 206.9 197.1 195.3 195.0 -0.3

Coal mining

73.0 67.7 66.6 66.2 73.5 67.4 66.7 66.6 -0.1

Support activities for mining

452.4 378.3 371.6 367.7 450.5 377.4 369.7 368.2 -1.5

Construction

6,437 6,683 6,629 6,665 6,201 6,391 6,403 6,434 31

Construction of buildings

1,411.5 1,457.3 1,443.6 1,448.7 1,374.1 1,408.6 1,412.3 1,413.7 1.4

Residential building

692.9 718.9 713.7 717.6 673.3 694.4 696.0 698.4 2.4

Nonresidential building

718.6 738.4 729.9 731.1 700.8 714.2 716.3 715.3 -1.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction

988.6 1,012.0 1,005.1 1,008.3 924.2 945.2 940.1 944.9 4.8

Specialty trade contractors

4,037.2 4,213.8 4,180.3 4,207.6 3,902.8 4,037.2 4,050.7 4,075.4 24.7

Residential specialty trade contractors

1,755.3 1,844.3 1,828.3 1,832.7 1,695.8 1,761.7 1,766.2 1,769.8 3.6

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,281.9 2,369.5 2,352.0 2,374.9 2,207.0 2,275.5 2,284.5 2,305.6 21.1

Manufacturing

12,281 12,416 12,372 12,346 12,237 12,326 12,317 12,317 0

Durable goods

7,749 7,830 7,799 7,787 7,740 7,792 7,788 7,785 -3

Wood products

377.9 384.3 383.4 384.6 376.4 378.8 381.4 382.5 1.1

Nonmetallic mineral products

397.4 412.2 408.6 410.4 390.3 402.9 402.9 404.7 1.8

Primary metals

404.1 397.3 395.6 393.6 403.2 396.9 395.1 393.6 -1.5

Fabricated metal products

1,466.9 1,461.1 1,452.3 1,447.5 1,462.0 1,456.0 1,451.0 1,446.1 -4.9

Machinery

1,138.4 1,124.2 1,117.5 1,113.3 1,141.7 1,122.8 1,119.1 1,114.8 -4.3

Computer and electronic products(1)

1,050.9 1,060.8 1,052.3 1,052.4 1,052.1 1,055.6 1,052.7 1,053.9 1.2

Computer and peripheral equipment

166.1 173.2 171.5 171.0 165.6 171.1 170.9 171.1 0.2

Communications equipment

91.9 88.1 87.3 87.3 91.8 88.1 87.5 87.4 -0.1

Semiconductors and electronic components

367.5 370.5 366.5 366.9 368.7 368.6 367.0 367.7 0.7

Electronic instruments

387.6 393.0 391.0 391.6 388.2 391.9 391.4 392.2 0.8

Electrical equipment and appliances

372.4 376.1 374.2 373.4 371.9 374.1 374.0 373.2 -0.8

Transportation equipment(1)

1,575.6 1,619.5 1,623.8 1,617.8 1,577.5 1,617.6 1,622.5 1,622.8 0.3

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

890.2 934.2 938.2 935.7 891.0 932.7 936.7 937.9 1.2

Furniture and related products

378.5 393.6 394.5 394.5 380.8 389.4 393.3 395.9 2.6

Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

586.9 600.7 596.3 599.9 584.0 598.2 595.9 597.2 1.3

Nondurable goods

4,532 4,586 4,573 4,559 4,497 4,534 4,529 4,532 3

Food manufacturing

1,494.0 1,523.4 1,517.9 1,503.4 1,472.7 1,489.5 1,486.6 1,487.9 1.3

Textile mills

117.5 117.2 116.9 116.4 117.2 117.0 116.7 116.5 -0.2

Textile product mills

116.0 115.2 115.3 116.4 115.5 114.8 115.0 115.5 0.5

Apparel

140.0 136.9 137.1 137.3 139.0 136.9 136.3 136.2 -0.1

Paper and paper products

368.2 368.5 366.9 367.0 368.5 367.0 367.4 367.4 0.0

Printing and related support activities

451.4 444.6 443.1 445.8 450.2 444.3 443.4 444.5 1.1

Petroleum and coal products

112.6 114.4 115.1 114.7 110.7 112.1 112.9 112.9 0.0

Chemicals

808.7 815.9 812.1 809.8 809.8 813.2 812.3 810.7 -1.6

Plastics and rubber products

677.8 691.1 688.1 688.7 674.8 688.1 687.2 687.9 0.7

Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing

245.3 258.8 260.3 259.2 238.7 251.4 251.6 252.4 0.8

Private service-providing

99,091 101,250 100,894 101,547 98,608 100,712 100,871 101,112 241

Trade, transportation, and utilities

26,629 26,955 26,885 27,130 26,517 26,979 26,991 27,042 51

Wholesale trade

5,863.8 5,948.6 5,919.7 5,938.4 5,853.2 5,920.4 5,920.7 5,930.4 9.7

Durable goods

2,925.8 2,965.5 2,945.9 2,955.1 2,921.1 2,950.0 2,949.1 2,952.3 3.2

Nondurable goods

2,032.1 2,069.9 2,065.3 2,067.9 2,026.8 2,059.6 2,061.8 2,063.3 1.5

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

905.9 913.2 908.5 915.4 905.3 910.8 909.8 914.8 5.0

Retail trade

15,489.3 15,689.8 15,582.7 15,797.2 15,436.3 15,700.1 15,705.9 15,749.7 43.8

Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)

1,884.2 1,955.2 1,951.6 1,955.9 1,870.9 1,937.1 1,939.6 1,946.5 6.9

Automobile dealers

1,201.6 1,241.4 1,244.3 1,250.7 1,192.6 1,234.2 1,238.6 1,244.2 5.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores

466.1 463.9 463.4 469.9 461.0 469.1 467.5 464.1 -3.4

Electronics and appliance stores

499.8 495.2 500.6 517.2 491.1 507.7 509.3 509.0 -0.3

Building material and garden supply stores

1,221.2 1,263.3 1,242.6 1,243.1 1,238.2 1,260.2 1,259.4 1,263.3 3.9

Food and beverage stores

3,019.3 3,057.5 3,039.5 3,054.0 3,014.6 3,042.7 3,044.9 3,047.6 2.7

Health and personal care stores

1,029.0 1,024.7 1,021.6 1,026.3 1,023.6 1,026.2 1,026.9 1,023.3 -3.6

Gasoline stations

888.0 922.9 910.4 912.7 885.7 905.8 906.6 910.8 4.2

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

1,367.2 1,396.6 1,351.7 1,410.8 1,359.6 1,400.4 1,388.3 1,407.8 19.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

621.3 591.2 594.6 603.1 612.6 599.9 600.2 597.7 -2.5

General merchandise stores(1)

3,120.3 3,149.7 3,138.0 3,194.1 3,138.2 3,184.8 3,194.1 3,205.2 11.1

Department stores

1,336.1 1,298.9 1,286.4 1,313.1 1,351.6 1,324.1 1,324.5 1,324.8 0.3

Miscellaneous store retailers

847.5 836.1 831.3 852.2 828.0 824.7 825.8 828.3 2.5

Nonstore retailers

525.4 533.5 537.4 557.9 512.8 541.5 543.3 546.1 2.8

Transportation and warehousing

4,721.9 4,747.2 4,817.7 4,828.9 4,674.2 4,793.4 4,798.3 4,796.2 -2.1

Air transportation

443.9 454.4 452.9 453.7 445.9 451.4 452.7 454.7 2.0

Rail transportation

239.1 238.7 238.7 239.2 238.0 239.5 239.5 239.3 -0.2

Water transportation

67.2 65.4 64.1 62.8 66.3 63.5 63.3 62.5 -0.8

Truck transportation

1,447.3 1,478.9 1,474.3 1,472.6 1,426.5 1,457.4 1,454.2 1,454.6 0.4

Transit and ground passenger transportation

488.1 412.4 485.3 490.1 469.8 475.4 473.2 472.1 -1.1

Pipeline transportation

47.4 50.0 50.3 50.2 47.5 49.9 50.2 50.2 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

31.6 42.4 38.3 33.4 31.2 33.5 33.1 32.9 -0.2

Support activities for transportation

635.7 653.9 653.3 650.1 630.1 650.9 653.4 645.9 -7.5

Couriers and messengers

571.1 571.1 576.6 580.9 578.3 594.4 597.1 597.3 0.2

Warehousing and storage

750.5 780.0 783.9 795.9 740.6 777.5 781.6 786.7 5.1

Utilities

554.1 568.9 565.0 565.2 553.3 565.3 565.6 565.3 -0.3

Information

2,753 2,808 2,790 2,797 2,754 2,790 2,801 2,800 -1

Publishing industries, except Internet

723.3 719.8 719.4 717.5 721.7 717.3 717.7 716.4 -1.3

Motion picture and sound recording industries

370.4 399.1 380.1 387.0 375.8 385.6 390.9 392.0 1.1

Broadcasting, except Internet

287.3 287.3 289.8 288.3 286.1 287.8 288.4 287.6 -0.8

Telecommunications

861.8 863.1 862.6 863.4 862.0 862.7 864.0 863.6 -0.4

Data processing, hosting and related services

284.5 297.8 298.3 298.9 284.0 298.4 299.5 299.3 -0.2

Other information services

225.7 240.6 239.5 242.0 224.1 238.6 240.0 240.9 0.9

Financial activities

8,025 8,216 8,163 8,169 8,014 8,156 8,156 8,161 5

Finance and insurance

5,961.1 6,077.6 6,054.0 6,068.5 5,956.4 6,060.0 6,060.9 6,066.9 6.0

Monetary authorities - central bank

18.4 18.6 18.5 18.6 18.4 18.5 18.5 18.5 0.0

Credit intermediation and related
activities(1)

2,561.1 2,590.0 2,574.5 2,573.3 2,560.0 2,580.0 2,575.8 2,574.7 -1.1

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,698.2 1,703.1 1,689.9 1,689.6 1,699.1 1,696.2 1,693.8 1,691.9 -1.9

Commercial banking

1,283.4 1,276.9 1,266.7 1,265.2 1,284.5 1,272.9 1,270.2 1,268.2 -2.0

Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts

889.3 911.4 903.8 909.9 890.3 906.0 907.1 909.2 2.1

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,492.3 2,557.6 2,557.2 2,566.7 2,487.7 2,555.5 2,559.5 2,564.5 5.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,064.0 2,138.6 2,108.5 2,100.1 2,057.1 2,095.8 2,095.4 2,094.5 -0.9

Real estate

1,496.2 1,548.5 1,529.8 1,533.8 1,490.9 1,525.7 1,524.7 1,530.0 5.3

Rental and leasing services

544.3 566.3 555.3 542.6 542.7 546.6 547.4 540.9 -6.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

23.5 23.8 23.4 23.7 23.5 23.5 23.3 23.6 0.3

Professional and business services

19,463 19,965 19,913 20,114 19,271 19,824 19,857 19,935 78

Professional and technical services(1)

8,406.6 8,669.9 8,608.7 8,706.6 8,415.2 8,689.2 8,698.2 8,725.1 26.9

Legal services

1,118.8 1,124.3 1,119.1 1,127.4 1,117.3 1,121.3 1,125.1 1,125.8 0.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services

911.6 946.6 941.3 958.5 969.6 1,010.5 1,015.0 1,018.4 3.4

Architectural and engineering services

1,403.2 1,445.0 1,432.9 1,444.9 1,393.8 1,427.2 1,427.8 1,436.1 8.3

Computer systems design and related services

1,805.4 1,893.3 1,878.5 1,906.5 1,795.6 1,884.0 1,889.6 1,899.5 9.9

Management and technical consulting services

1,278.4 1,326.0 1,313.3 1,332.7 1,266.2 1,319.9 1,315.3 1,322.3 7.0

Management of companies and enterprises

2,177.2 2,239.5 2,229.1 2,236.6 2,178.2 2,228.9 2,232.3 2,237.6 5.3

Administrative and waste services

8,879.3 9,055.3 9,075.5 9,170.8 8,677.5 8,906.3 8,926.7 8,972.7 46.0

Administrative and support services(1)

8,490.6 8,651.2 8,672.7 8,770.0 8,291.5 8,509.6 8,528.0 8,573.7 45.7

Employment services(1)

3,608.6 3,626.5 3,661.7 3,735.1 3,486.1 3,584.4 3,589.0 3,613.2 24.2

Temporary help services

2,924.9 2,933.2 2,967.4 3,031.8 2,811.5 2,900.6 2,903.2 2,927.7 24.5

Business support services

904.4 901.3 910.2 932.9 890.4 913.3 916.3 921.2 4.9

Services to buildings and dwellings

1,997.6 2,108.3 2,073.5 2,061.9 1,952.6 2,002.2 2,006.2 2,015.0 8.8

Waste management and remediation services

388.7 404.1 402.8 400.8 386.0 396.7 398.7 399.0 0.3

Education and health services

21,816 21,793 22,086 22,431 21,613 22,133 22,179 22,236 57

Educational services

3,593.8 3,150.7 3,401.8 3,613.2 3,444.2 3,462.1 3,461.5 3,461.7 0.2

Health care and social assistance

18,222.2 18,642.3 18,684.2 18,818.1 18,168.3 18,670.7 18,717.8 18,774.5 56.7

Health care(3)

14,811.6 15,203.2 15,210.5 15,301.4 14,775.5 15,183.9 15,225.4 15,270.3 44.9

Ambulatory health care services(1)

6,732.6 6,952.8 6,951.2 7,012.1 6,707.6 6,947.1 6,962.9 6,989.8 26.9

Offices of physicians

2,491.8 2,567.3 2,568.9 2,589.4 2,484.3 2,566.5 2,574.6 2,582.9 8.3

Outpatient care centers

720.6 748.0 748.5 752.9 718.9 747.8 750.4 752.1 1.7

Home health care services

1,286.1 1,330.7 1,336.0 1,352.8 1,278.4 1,332.5 1,335.5 1,343.6 8.1

Hospitals

4,805.4 4,929.2 4,945.8 4,971.1 4,796.4 4,926.2 4,945.4 4,963.2 17.8

Nursing and residential care facilities(1)

3,273.6 3,321.2 3,313.5 3,318.2 3,271.5 3,310.6 3,317.1 3,317.3 0.2

Nursing care facilities

1,653.3 1,663.7 1,661.9 1,665.3 1,652.0 1,659.5 1,662.2 1,663.2 1.0

Social assistance(1)

3,410.6 3,439.1 3,473.7 3,516.7 3,392.8 3,486.8 3,492.4 3,504.2 11.8

Child day care services

871.9 827.6 873.8 891.9 855.6 874.0 874.6 877.3 2.7

Leisure and hospitality

14,813 15,836 15,425 15,251 14,850 15,191 15,242 15,283 41

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,088.4 2,435.7 2,239.7 2,141.0 2,125.2 2,164.5 2,176.6 2,176.2 -0.4

Performing arts and spectator sports

462.0 504.2 495.7 482.7 459.2 475.1 479.2 477.8 -1.4

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

145.5 158.1 149.7 149.4 145.6 147.5 148.2 148.9 0.7

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

1,480.9 1,773.4 1,594.3 1,508.9 1,520.4 1,541.9 1,549.2 1,549.5 0.3

Accommodation and food services

12,724.9 13,399.8 13,185.1 13,110.3 12,724.5 13,026.8 13,065.1 13,106.6 41.5

Accommodation

1,879.8 2,041.6 1,945.4 1,891.6 1,888.0 1,899.8 1,902.7 1,902.2 -0.5

Food services and drinking places

10,845.1 11,358.2 11,239.7 11,218.7 10,836.5 11,127.0 11,162.4 11,204.4 42.0

Other services

5,592 5,677 5,632 5,655 5,589 5,639 5,645 5,655 10

Repair and maintenance

1,246.5 1,275.9 1,270.3 1,280.6 1,240.5 1,270.1 1,267.4 1,276.3 8.9

Personal and laundry services

1,376.4 1,396.0 1,394.5 1,401.2 1,377.0 1,390.6 1,395.9 1,401.0 5.1

Membership associations and organizations

2,969.3 3,005.5 2,967.6 2,973.0 2,971.6 2,978.3 2,982.0 2,977.4 -4.6

Government

22,271 20,882 21,876 22,373 21,883 21,997 21,985 21,988 3

Federal

2,726.0 2,750.0 2,739.0 2,731.0 2,720.0 2,737.0 2,735.0 2,733.0 -2.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,133.9 2,157.6 2,145.3 2,137.7 2,132.1 2,140.5 2,139.1 2,138.6 -0.5

U.S. Postal Service

591.7 592.6 593.8 593.1 588.2 596.0 595.6 594.3 -1.3

State government

5,237.0 4,793.0 5,124.0 5,272.0 5,067.0 5,093.0 5,099.0 5,104.0 5.0

State government education

2,593.5 2,137.7 2,483.3 2,630.5 2,414.5 2,447.3 2,453.4 2,455.8 2.4

State government, excluding education

2,643.8 2,655.5 2,640.8 2,641.6 2,652.7 2,645.6 2,646.0 2,647.7 1.7

Local government

14,308.0 13,339.0 14,013.0 14,370.0 14,096.0 14,167.0 14,151.0 14,151.0 0.0

Local government education

8,053.5 6,832.9 7,681.2 8,071.3 7,799.5 7,846.0 7,817.3 7,815.5 -1.8

Local government, excluding education

6,254.7 6,505.8 6,332.2 6,298.7 6,296.4 6,321.2 6,333.3 6,335.7 2.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.6 34.6 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing

40.5 40.4 40.1 40.5

Mining and logging

45.0 43.9 44.1 44.1

Construction

39.1 39.1 38.6 39.7

Manufacturing

40.9 40.8 40.6 40.7

Durable goods

41.4 41.2 40.9 40.9

Nondurable goods

40.0 40.3 40.1 40.2

Private service-providing

33.4 33.4 33.4 33.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.6 34.7 34.8 34.6

Wholesale trade

38.9 38.8 38.7 38.8

Retail trade

31.4 31.5 31.7 31.4

Transportation and warehousing

38.7 39.0 39.0 39.0

Utilities

42.6 42.6 42.5 42.8

Information

36.7 36.3 36.0 36.1

Financial activities

37.4 37.6 37.7 37.6

Professional and business services

36.3 36.2 36.1 36.2

Education and health services

32.8 32.9 32.8 32.8

Leisure and hospitality

26.2 26.3 26.3 26.3

Other services

31.8 31.9 31.8 31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.4 3.3 3.2 3.3

Durable goods

3.5 3.2 3.1 3.2

Nondurable goods

3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)

Total private

$24.59 $25.10 $25.11 $25.20 $850.81 $868.46 $866.30 $869.40

Goods-producing

25.84 26.33 26.30 26.38 1,046.52 1,063.73 1,054.63 1,068.39

Mining and logging

30.92 31.41 31.39 31.40 1,391.40 1,378.90 1,384.30 1,384.74

Construction

26.85 27.46 27.35 27.54 1,049.84 1,073.69 1,055.71 1,093.34

Manufacturing

24.93 25.40 25.42 25.44 1,019.64 1,036.32 1,032.05 1,035.41

Durable goods

26.28 26.74 26.71 26.73 1,087.99 1,101.69 1,092.44 1,093.26

Nondurable goods

22.53 23.05 23.17 23.18 901.20 928.92 929.12 931.84

Private service-providing

24.29 24.81 24.83 24.92 811.29 828.65 829.32 832.33

Trade, transportation, and utilities

21.46 21.88 21.88 22.01 742.52 759.24 761.42 761.55

Wholesale trade

28.10 28.82 28.78 29.00 1,093.09 1,118.22 1,113.79 1,125.20

Retail trade

17.12 17.55 17.62 17.66 537.57 552.83 558.55 554.52

Transportation and warehousing

22.90 22.77 22.81 22.93 886.23 888.03 889.59 894.27

Utilities

35.69 37.59 37.27 37.47 1,520.39 1,601.33 1,583.98 1,603.72

Information

34.15 35.10 35.17 35.36 1,253.31 1,274.13 1,266.12 1,276.50

Financial activities

30.91 31.60 31.67 31.69 1,156.03 1,188.16 1,193.96 1,191.54

Professional and business services

29.42 30.16 30.24 30.30 1,067.95 1,091.79 1,091.66 1,096.86

Education and health services

24.83 25.30 25.30 25.39 814.42 832.37 829.84 832.79

Leisure and hospitality

14.11 14.40 14.39 14.46 369.68 378.72 378.46 380.30

Other services

22.11 22.42 22.47 22.49 703.10 715.20 714.55 717.43

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2015 - Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2015 - Oct.
2015(p)

Total private

102.0 104.0 103.8 104.1 0.3 119.7 124.6 124.4 125.2 0.6

Goods-producing

89.3 89.9 89.2 90.2 1.1 104.3 107.0 106.0 107.6 1.5

Mining and logging

128.8 113.1 111.8 111.3 -0.4 159.9 142.6 140.9 140.3 -0.4

Construction

83.6 86.1 85.2 88.1 3.4 97.5 102.8 101.2 105.4 4.2

Manufacturing

90.0 90.5 90.0 90.2 0.2 104.4 106.9 106.4 106.7 0.3

Durable goods

90.2 90.4 89.7 89.6 -0.1 105.3 107.3 106.4 106.4 0.0

Nondurable goods

89.8 91.2 90.6 90.9 0.3 102.6 106.6 106.6 106.9 0.3

Private service-providing

105.4 107.6 107.8 108.1 0.3 124.1 129.5 129.8 130.6 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

99.8 101.8 102.2 101.8 -0.4 115.3 119.9 120.3 120.6 0.2

Wholesale trade

99.3 100.2 100.0 100.4 0.4 116.5 120.5 120.1 121.5 1.2

Retail trade

98.5 100.5 101.1 100.5 -0.6 111.4 116.6 117.8 117.3 -0.4

Transportation and warehousing

103.5 107.0 107.1 107.1 0.0 120.3 123.6 124.0 124.6 0.5

Utilities

102.0 104.2 104.0 104.7 0.7 120.3 129.4 128.1 129.6 1.2

Information

92.3 92.5 92.1 92.3 0.2 112.2 115.6 115.3 116.2 0.8

Financial activities

98.2 100.4 100.7 100.5 -0.2 118.3 123.8 124.4 124.2 -0.2

Professional and business services

110.0 112.9 112.7 113.5 0.7 131.1 137.9 138.1 139.3 0.9

Education and health services

113.8 116.9 116.8 117.1 0.3 133.1 139.3 139.2 140.0 0.6

Leisure and hospitality

111.0 114.0 114.4 114.7 0.3 126.4 132.4 132.8 133.8 0.8

Other services

98.5 99.7 99.5 99.9 0.4 123.6 126.8 126.8 127.6 0.6

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)

Total nonfarm

69,041 70,302 70,358 70,516 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private

56,545 57,696 57,752 57,905 47.9 48.0 48.0 48.0

Goods-producing

4,249 4,279 4,272 4,274 22.0 21.9 21.9 21.9

Mining and logging

122 113 113 112 13.4 13.8 14.0 13.9

Construction

792 808 808 806 12.8 12.6 12.6 12.5

Manufacturing

3,335 3,358 3,351 3,356 27.3 27.2 27.2 27.2

Durable goods

1,790 1,814 1,813 1,812 23.1 23.3 23.3 23.3

Nondurable goods

1,545 1,544 1,538 1,544 34.4 34.1 34.0 34.1

Private service-providing

52,296 53,417 53,480 53,631 53.0 53.0 53.0 53.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

10,746 10,937 10,923 10,972 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.6

Wholesale trade

1,722.7 1,738.0 1,737.0 1,738.0 29.4 29.4 29.3 29.3

Retail trade

7,781.1 7,928.4 7,921.1 7,971.1 50.4 50.5 50.4 50.6

Transportation and warehousing

1,109.0 1,134.7 1,129.2 1,127.4 23.7 23.7 23.5 23.5

Utilities

133.4 136.1 135.3 135.2 24.1 24.1 23.9 23.9

Information

1,103 1,120 1,121 1,120 40.1 40.1 40.0 40.0

Financial activities

4,591 4,652 4,653 4,657 57.3 57.0 57.1 57.1

Professional and business services

8,599 8,846 8,881 8,920 44.6 44.6 44.7 44.7

Education and health services

16,610 17,037 17,060 17,115 76.9 77.0 76.9 77.0

Leisure and hospitality

7,721 7,874 7,886 7,893 52.0 51.8 51.7 51.6

Other services

2,926 2,951 2,956 2,954 52.4 52.3 52.4 52.2

Government

12,496 12,606 12,606 12,611 57.1 57.3 57.3 57.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)

Total private

97,388 99,145 99,240 99,439

Goods-producing

13,943 14,092 14,079 14,109

Mining and logging

669 600 585 584

Construction

4,673 4,818 4,828 4,854

Manufacturing

8,601 8,674 8,666 8,671

Durable goods

5,332 5,370 5,369 5,370

Nondurable goods

3,269 3,304 3,297 3,301

Private service-providing

83,445 85,053 85,161 85,330

Trade, transportation, and utilities

22,374 22,692 22,689 22,715

Wholesale trade

4,727.9 4,746.2 4,750.1 4,752.4

Retail trade

13,157.4 13,342.0 13,338.0 13,366.4

Transportation and warehousing

4,043.0 4,149.1 4,148.4 4,143.5

Utilities

446.1 454.7 452.9 452.5

Information

2,234 2,265 2,272 2,272

Financial activities

6,186 6,299 6,301 6,309

Professional and business services

15,935 16,271 16,300 16,363

Education and health services

18,982 19,432 19,470 19,514

Leisure and hospitality

13,098 13,403 13,432 13,461

Other services

4,636 4,691 4,697 4,696

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.7 33.7 33.6 33.7

Goods-producing

41.5 41.2 40.9 41.4

Mining and logging

47.6 45.5 45.4 45.5

Construction

39.6 39.6 38.8 40.2

Manufacturing

42.1 41.8 41.7 41.8

Durable goods

42.6 42.1 41.9 42.0

Nondurable goods

41.4 41.4 41.5 41.4

Private service-providing

32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.6 33.7 33.8 33.6

Wholesale trade

38.5 38.5 38.5 38.6

Retail trade

30.0 30.1 30.3 30.0

Transportation and warehousing

38.4 38.7 38.8 38.8

Utilities

42.6 42.4 42.3 42.3

Information

36.1 35.8 35.6 35.6

Financial activities

36.8 37.1 37.1 37.1

Professional and business services

35.6 35.5 35.2 35.4

Education and health services

32.0 32.1 32.1 32.1

Leisure and hospitality

25.1 25.0 25.1 25.0

Other services

30.7 30.7 30.6 30.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3

Durable goods

4.6 4.3 4.1 4.3

Nondurable goods

4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)

Total private

$20.72 $21.09 $21.09 $21.18 $698.26 $710.73 $708.62 $713.77

Goods-producing

21.71 22.03 21.98 22.15 900.97 907.64 898.98 917.01

Mining and logging

27.12 26.56 26.67 26.69 1,290.91 1,208.48 1,210.82 1,214.40

Construction

24.81 25.25 25.02 25.40 982.48 999.90 970.78 1,021.08

Manufacturing

19.65 20.00 20.06 20.06 827.27 836.00 836.50 838.51

Durable goods

20.74 21.06 21.05 21.07 883.52 886.63 882.00 884.94

Nondurable goods

17.80 18.25 18.44 18.39 736.92 755.55 765.26 761.35

Private service-providing

20.51 20.89 20.90 20.98 664.52 676.84 677.16 679.75

Trade, transportation, and utilities

18.38 18.69 18.71 18.75 617.57 629.85 632.40 630.00

Wholesale trade

23.32 23.71 23.68 23.81 897.82 912.84 911.68 919.07

Retail trade

14.51 14.86 14.95 14.90 435.30 447.29 452.99 447.00

Transportation and warehousing

20.63 20.69 20.67 20.71 792.19 800.70 802.00 803.55

Utilities

32.89 34.14 34.11 34.52 1,401.11 1,447.54 1,442.85 1,460.20

Information

28.54 28.96 28.83 29.03 1,030.29 1,036.77 1,026.35 1,033.47

Financial activities

24.89 25.40 25.44 25.48 915.95 942.34 943.82 945.31

Professional and business services

24.35 24.85 24.94 25.02 866.86 882.18 877.89 885.71

Education and health services

21.78 22.15 22.15 22.24 696.96 711.02 711.02 713.90

Leisure and hospitality

12.26 12.45 12.46 12.51 307.73 311.25 312.75 312.75

Other services

18.61 18.96 18.99 19.01 571.33 582.07 581.09 581.71

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2015 - Oct.
2015(p)
Oct.
2014
Aug.
2015
Sept.
2015(p)
Oct.
2015(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2015 - Oct.
2015(p)

Total private

109.4 111.3 111.1 111.7 0.5 151.4 156.9 156.6 158.1 1.0

Goods-producing

88.4 88.7 88.0 89.3 1.5 117.6 119.7 118.4 121.1 2.3

Mining and logging

169.2 145.1 141.1 141.2 0.1 266.9 224.1 218.9 219.2 0.1

Construction

92.7 95.5 93.8 97.7 4.2 124.1 130.2 126.7 134.0 5.8

Manufacturing

83.1 83.2 83.0 83.2 0.2 106.8 108.9 108.8 109.2 0.4

Durable goods

85.4 84.9 84.5 84.7 0.2 110.5 111.7 111.1 111.5 0.4

Nondurable goods

79.7 80.6 80.6 80.5 -0.1 100.3 103.9 105.1 104.6 -0.5

Private service-providing

115.2 117.4 117.5 117.8 0.3 162.0 168.2 168.4 169.4 0.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

104.8 106.6 106.9 106.4 -0.5 137.4 142.1 142.7 142.3 -0.3

Wholesale trade

107.2 107.6 107.7 108.0 0.3 147.3 150.3 150.2 151.5 0.9

Retail trade

99.9 101.7 102.3 101.5 -0.8 124.3 129.5 131.1 129.6 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing

116.9 120.9 121.2 121.0 -0.2 152.9 158.6 158.9 159.0 0.1

Utilities

97.2 98.6 98.0 97.9 -0.1 133.4 140.5 139.5 141.0 1.1

Information

92.0 92.5 92.3 92.3 0.0 130.0 132.7 131.8 132.7 0.7

Financial activities

107.2 110.0 110.0 110.2 0.2 164.1 171.9 172.2 172.7 0.3

Professional and business services

127.1 129.5 128.6 129.8 0.9 184.2 191.4 190.8 193.3 1.3

Education and health services

129.6 133.1 133.4 133.7 0.2 186.3 194.6 194.9 196.2 0.7

Leisure and hospitality

120.4 122.7 123.5 123.3 -0.2 167.7 173.5 174.7 175.1 0.2

Other services

99.8 101.0 100.8 100.8 0.0 135.3 139.5 139.5 139.6 0.1

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Last Modified Date: November 06, 2015