Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	            USDL-21-1799
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 8, 2021

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:    (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
                        THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- SEPTEMBER 2021


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 194,000 in September, and the unemployment rate
fell by 0.4 percentage point to 4.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported 
today. Notable job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality, in professional and business
services, in retail trade, and in transportation and warehousing. Employment in public
education declined over the month. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures
labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment
survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information
about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical
Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 4.8 percent in September. The number
of unemployed persons fell by 710,000 to 7.7 million. Both measures are down considerably
from their highs at the end of the February-April 2020 recession. However, they remain
above their levels prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (3.5 percent and 5.7 million,
respectively, in February 2020). (See table A-1. See the box note at the end of this news release
for more information about how the household survey and its measures were affected by the
coronavirus pandemic.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.7 percent), adult
women (4.2 percent), Whites (4.2 percent), and Blacks (7.9 percent) declined in September. 
The jobless rates for teenagers (11.5 percent), Asians (4.2 percent), and Hispanics (6.3 
percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers declined by 236,000 to 2.3 million
in September but is 953,000 higher than in February 2020. The number of persons on temporary
layoff, at 1.1 million, changed little in September. This measure is down considerably from
the high of 18.0 million in April 2020 but is 374,000 above the February 2020 level. The
number of reentrants to the labor force decreased by 198,000 in September to 2.3 million,
after increasing by a similar amount in August. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked
but were not in the labor force prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) decreased by 496,000
in September to 2.7 million but is 1.6 million higher than in February 2020. The long-term 
unemployed accounted for 34.5 percent of the total unemployed in September. The number of
persons jobless less than 5 weeks, at 2.2 million, changed little. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate was little changed at 61.6 percent in September and has
remained within a narrow range of 61.4 percent to 61.7 percent since June 2020. The 
participation rate is 1.7 percentage points lower than in February 2020. The employment-
population ratio, at 58.7 percent, edged up in September. This measure is up from its low
of 51.3 percent in April 2020 but remains below the figure of 61.1 percent in February 2020.
(See table A-1.)

In September, the number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.5 million,
was essentially unchanged for the second month in a row. There were 4.4 million persons in
this category in February 2020. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time
employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable
to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 6.0 million in
September, little changed over the month but up by 959,000 since February 2020. These
individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work 
during the last 4 weeks or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) 

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally 
attached to the labor force edged up to 1.7 million in September, following a decline in 
the prior month. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a 
job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed
that no jobs were available for them, was 450,000 in September, little changed from the 
previous month. (See Summary table A.) 

Household Survey Supplemental Data 

In September, 13.2 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic,
little changed from the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or
worked at home for pay at some point in the last 4 weeks specifically because of the pandemic. 

In September, 5.0 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their
employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all or
worked fewer hours at some point in the last 4 weeks due to the pandemic. This measure is
down from 5.6 million in August. Among those who reported in September that they were unable
to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 15.5 percent received at least
some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, little changed from the prior month. 

Among those not in the labor force in September, 1.6 million persons were prevented from 
looking for work due to the pandemic, little changed from August. (To be counted as unemployed,
by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.) 

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May
2020 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally
adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available
online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 194,000 in September. Thus far this year, monthly
job growth has averaged 561,000. Nonfarm employment has increased by 17.4 million since a
recent trough in April 2020 but is down by 5.0 million, or 3.3 percent, from its pre-pandemic
level in February 2020. In September, notable job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality,
in professional and business services, in retail trade, and in transportation and warehousing.
Employment in public education declined over the month. (See table B-1. See the box note at the
end of this news release for more information about how the establishment survey and its measures
were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 74,000 in September, with continued job growth
in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+43,000). Employment in food services and drinking places
changed little for the second consecutive month, compared with an average monthly gain of 197,000 
from January through July. Employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 1.6 million, or 9.4
percent, since February 2020.

Professional and business services added 60,000 jobs in September. Employment continued to increase
in architectural and engineering services (+15,000), management and technical consulting services
(+15,000), and computer systems design and related services (+9,000). Employment in professional
and business services is 385,000 below its level in February 2020.

In September, employment in retail trade rose by 56,000, following 2 months of little change. Over
the month, employment gains occurred in clothing and clothing accessories stores (+27,000), general
merchandise stores (+16,000), and building material and garden supply stores (+16,000). These
gains were partially offset by a loss in food and beverage stores (-12,000). Retail trade employment
is 202,000 lower than its level in February 2020.

Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 47,000 in September, in line with gains
in the prior 2 months. In September, job gains continued in warehousing and storage (+16,000),
couriers and messengers (+13,000), and air transportation (+10,000). Employment in transportation
and warehousing is 72,000 above its pre-pandemic level in February 2020.

Employment in the information industry increased by 32,000 in September. Gains occurred in motion
picture and sound recording industries (+14,000); in publishing industries, except Internet (+11,000);
and in data processing, hosting, and related services (+6,000). Employment in information is down
by 108,000 since February 2020.

In September, social assistance added 30,000 jobs, led by a gain in child day care services (+18,000).
Employment in social assistance is 204,000 lower than in February 2020.

Employment in manufacturing increased by 26,000 in September, with gains in fabricated metal products
(+8,000), machinery (+6,000), and printing and related support activities (+4,000). These gains 
were partially offset by a decline of 6,000 in motor vehicles and parts. Manufacturing employment
is down by 353,000 since February 2020.

Construction employment rose by 22,000 in September but has shown little net change thus far this
year. Employment in construction is 201,000 below its February 2020 level.

In September, employment in wholesale trade increased by 17,000, almost entirely in the durable goods
component (+16,000). Employment in wholesale trade is down by 159,000 since February 2020.

Mining employment continued to trend up in September (+5,000), reflecting growth in support activities
for mining (+4,000). Mining employment has risen by 59,000 since a trough in August 2020 but is 93,000
below a peak in January 2019.

In September, employment decreased by 144,000 in local government education and by 17,000 in state 
government education. Employment changed little in private education (-19,000). Most back-to-school
hiring typically occurs in September. Hiring this September was lower than usual, resulting in a 
decline after seasonal adjustment. Recent employment changes are challenging to interpret, as pandemic-
related staffing fluctuations in public and private education have distorted the normal seasonal 
hiring and layoff patterns. Since February 2020, employment is down by 310,000 in local government 
education, by 194,000 in state government education, and by 172,000 in private education.

Employment in health care changed little in September (-18,000). Job losses occurred in nursing and
residential care facilities (-38,000) and hospitals (-8,000), while ambulatory health care services
added jobs (+28,000). Employment in health care is down by 524,000 since February 2020, with nursing
and residential care facilities accounting for about four-fifths of the loss.  

In September, employment showed little change in financial activities and in other services.

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 19 cents to $30.85 in
September, following large increases in the prior 5 months. In September, average hourly earnings
of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 14 cents to $26.15. The data for
recent months suggest that the rising demand for labor associated with the recovery from the
pandemic may have put upward pressure on wages. However, because average hourly earnings vary 
widely across industries, the large employment fluctuations since February 2020 complicate the
analysis of recent trends in average hourly earnings. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

In September, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2
hour to 34.8 hours. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.4 hours, and overtime
edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees
on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.2 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 38,000, from +1,053,000 to
+1,091,000, and the change for August was revised up by 131,000, from +235,000 to +366,000. With 
these revisions, employment in July and August combined is 169,000 higher than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 5, 2021,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


  ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
 |												     |
 |                   Coronavirus (COVID-19) Impact on September 2021 Household and                   | 
 |                                     Establishment Survey Data				     |
 |												     |
 |   Data collection for both surveys was affected by the pandemic. In the establishment survey,     |
 |   more data continued to be collected by web than in months prior to the pandemic. In the	     |
 |   household survey, for the safety of both interviewers and respondents, in-person interviews     |
 |   were conducted only when telephone interviews could not be done. 				     |
 |												     |
 |   As in previous months, some workers affected by the pandemic who should have been classified    |
 |   as unemployed on temporary layoff were instead misclassified as employed but not at work.	     |
 |   However, the share of responses that may have been misclassified was highest in the early	     |
 |   months of the pandemic and has been considerably lower in recent months. Since March 2020,      |
 |   BLS has published an estimate of what the unemployment rate might have been had misclassified   |
 |   workers been included among the unemployed. Repeating this same approach, the seasonally 	     |
 |   adjusted unemployment rate in September 2021 would have been 0.1 percentage point higher than   |
 |   reported. However, this represents the upper bound of our estimate of misclassification and     |
 |   probably overstates the size of the misclassification error. 				     |
 |												     |
 |   More information about the impact of the pandemic on the two surveys is available at	     |
 |   www.bls.gov/covid19/employment-situation-covid19-faq-september-2021.htm.			     |
 |___________________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Change from: Aug. 2021- Sept. 2021
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	260,742	261,469	261,611	261,766	155
Civilian labor force	160,078	161,347	161,537	161,354	-183
Participation rate	61.4	61.7	61.7	61.6	-0.1
Employed	147,543	152,645	153,154	153,680	526
Employment-population ratio	56.6	58.4	58.5	58.7	0.2
Unemployed	12,535	8,702	8,384	7,674	-710
Unemployment rate	7.8	5.4	5.2	4.8	-0.4
Not in labor force	100,664	100,123	100,074	100,412	338
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	7.8	5.4	5.2	4.8	-0.4
Adult men (20 years and over)	7.3	5.4	5.1	4.7	-0.4
Adult women (20 years and over)	7.7	5.0	4.8	4.2	-0.6
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	16.3	9.6	11.2	11.5	0.3
White	7.0	4.8	4.5	4.2	-0.3
Black or African American	12.0	8.2	8.8	7.9	-0.9
Asian	8.8	5.3	4.6	4.2	-0.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	10.3	6.6	6.4	6.3	-0.1
Total, 25 years and over	7.0	4.8	4.5	4.2	-0.3
Less than a high school diploma	10.7	9.5	7.8	7.9	0.1
High school graduates, no college	9.0	6.3	6.0	5.8	-0.2
Some college or associate degree	8.1	5.0	5.1	4.5	-0.6
Bachelor's degree and higher	4.7	3.1	2.8	2.5	-0.3
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	9,039	4,960	4,468	4,065	-403
Job leavers	808	930	822	788	-34
Reentrants	2,123	2,287	2,487	2,289	-198
New entrants	535	463	512	490	-22
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,552	2,257	2,083	2,237	154
5 to 14 weeks	2,754	1,861	2,066	1,872	-194
15 to 26 weeks	4,934	1,174	1,164	990	-174
27 weeks and over	2,405	3,425	3,179	2,683	-496
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	6,283	4,483	4,469	4,468	-1
Slack work or business conditions	4,881	2,965	3,183	3,180	-3
Could only find part-time work	1,120	1,116	1,032	975	-57
Part time for noneconomic reasons	18,990	20,087	20,359	20,389	30
Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,931	1,872	1,577	1,744	167
Discouraged workers	590	507	392	450	58
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	716	1,091	366	194
Total private	932	816	332	317
Goods-producing	91	74	37	52
Mining and logging	3	5	6	4
Construction	33	12	0	22
Manufacturing	55	57	31	26
Durable goods(1)	38	41	20	16
Motor vehicles and parts	5.1	14.1	9.9	-6.1
Nondurable goods	17	16	11	10
Private service-providing	841	742	295	265
Wholesale trade	33.9	15.0	-3.2	16.9
Retail trade	29.5	-6.1	-3.8	56.1
Transportation and warehousing	44.0	56.1	54.5	47.3
Utilities	1.7	0.3	-0.8	-0.5
Information	42	19	29	32
Financial activities	38	31	11	2
Professional and business services(1)	140	91	85	60
Temporary help services	18.3	18.6	-3.7	-5.2
Education and health services(1)	68	84	51	-7
Health care and social assistance	124.9	43.6	1.6	12.3
Leisure and hospitality	394	408	38	74
Other services	50	44	34	-16
Government	-216	275	34	-123
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	1,342	889	806	550
Total private	1,174	726	652	488
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.8	49.9	49.9	49.8
Total private women employees	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.3
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	81.4	81.4	81.4	81.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.8	34.7	34.6	34.8
Average hourly earnings	$29.50	$30.55	$30.66	$30.85
Average weekly earnings	$1,026.60	$1,060.09	$1,060.84	$1,073.58
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	104.8	108.8	108.8	109.7
Over-the-month percent change	1.1	0.6	0.0	0.8
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	147.9	158.9	159.5	161.8
Over-the-month percent change	1.2	1.0	0.4	1.4
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (257 industries)	70.6	70.0	66.9	61.7
Manufacturing (75 industries)	66.7	67.3	56.0	54.0
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 697,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-60,000 to +160,000 (50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.2 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	260,742	261,611	261,766	260,742	261,210	261,338	261,469	261,611	261,766
Civilian labor force	160,073	161,788	161,392	160,078	160,935	161,086	161,347	161,537	161,354
Participation rate	61.4	61.8	61.7	61.4	61.6	61.6	61.7	61.7	61.6
Employed	147,796	153,232	154,026	147,543	151,620	151,602	152,645	153,154	153,680
Employment-population ratio	56.7	58.6	58.8	56.6	58.0	58.0	58.4	58.5	58.7
Unemployed	12,277	8,556	7,366	12,535	9,316	9,484	8,702	8,384	7,674
Unemployment rate	7.7	5.3	4.6	7.8	5.8	5.9	5.4	5.2	4.8
Not in labor force	100,670	99,823	100,373	100,664	100,275	100,253	100,123	100,074	100,412
Persons who currently want a job	6,984	5,810	5,710	7,184	6,600	6,428	6,517	5,682	5,969
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,127	126,570	126,648	126,127	126,369	126,434	126,499	126,570	126,648
Civilian labor force	85,068	86,074	85,715	85,199	85,210	85,320	85,507	85,684	85,797
Participation rate	67.4	68.0	67.7	67.6	67.4	67.5	67.6	67.7	67.7
Employed	78,817	81,670	81,731	78,663	80,062	80,176	80,712	81,100	81,501
Employment-population ratio	62.5	64.5	64.5	62.4	63.4	63.4	63.8	64.1	64.4
Unemployed	6,251	4,404	3,984	6,537	5,148	5,144	4,795	4,584	4,296
Unemployment rate	7.3	5.1	4.6	7.7	6.0	6.0	5.6	5.4	5.0
Not in labor force	41,059	40,496	40,933	40,928	41,159	41,114	40,992	40,886	40,850
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	117,763	118,261	118,337	117,763	118,059	118,125	118,192	118,261	118,337
Civilian labor force	82,248	82,817	82,865	82,293	82,182	82,414	82,526	82,665	82,847
Participation rate	69.8	70.0	70.0	69.9	69.6	69.8	69.8	69.9	70.0
Employed	76,468	78,783	79,230	76,258	77,340	77,545	78,041	78,440	78,927
Employment-population ratio	64.9	66.6	67.0	64.8	65.5	65.6	66.0	66.3	66.7
Unemployed	5,781	4,034	3,635	6,036	4,842	4,869	4,484	4,225	3,919
Unemployment rate	7.0	4.9	4.4	7.3	5.9	5.9	5.4	5.1	4.7
Not in labor force	35,515	35,444	35,472	35,470	35,877	35,711	35,667	35,597	35,490
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	134,615	135,041	135,118	134,615	134,841	134,905	134,970	135,041	135,118
Civilian labor force	75,005	75,714	75,677	74,879	75,725	75,766	75,840	75,853	75,557
Participation rate	55.7	56.1	56.0	55.6	56.2	56.2	56.2	56.2	55.9
Employed	68,979	71,562	72,295	68,880	71,557	71,426	71,934	72,054	72,179
Employment-population ratio	51.2	53.0	53.5	51.2	53.1	52.9	53.3	53.4	53.4
Unemployed	6,026	4,152	3,382	5,998	4,168	4,340	3,906	3,799	3,378
Unemployment rate	8.0	5.5	4.5	8.0	5.5	5.7	5.2	5.0	4.5
Not in labor force	59,610	59,327	59,441	59,737	59,116	59,139	59,130	59,188	59,561
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,429	126,906	126,982	126,429	126,704	126,770	126,837	126,906	126,982
Civilian labor force	72,129	72,571	72,784	71,865	72,707	72,855	72,883	72,842	72,533
Participation rate	57.1	57.2	57.3	56.8	57.4	57.5	57.5	57.4	57.1
Employed	66,547	68,746	69,699	66,328	68,811	68,817	69,235	69,357	69,466
Employment-population ratio	52.6	54.2	54.9	52.5	54.3	54.3	54.6	54.7	54.7
Unemployed	5,582	3,825	3,085	5,537	3,895	4,038	3,648	3,485	3,067
Unemployment rate	7.7	5.3	4.2	7.7	5.4	5.5	5.0	4.8	4.2
Not in labor force	54,299	54,335	54,198	54,563	53,998	53,915	53,954	54,065	54,449
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,551	16,443	16,447	16,551	16,446	16,443	16,440	16,443	16,447
Civilian labor force	5,695	6,400	5,743	5,920	6,046	5,817	5,938	6,031	5,975
Participation rate	34.4	38.9	34.9	35.8	36.8	35.4	36.1	36.7	36.3
Employed	4,781	5,702	5,097	4,957	5,468	5,240	5,369	5,357	5,287
Employment-population ratio	28.9	34.7	31.0	29.9	33.2	31.9	32.7	32.6	32.1
Unemployed	914	697	647	963	578	577	569	674	687
Unemployment rate	16.0	10.9	11.3	16.3	9.6	9.9	9.6	11.2	11.5
Not in labor force	10,856	10,044	10,704	10,631	10,400	10,626	10,502	10,412	10,473
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	201,515	201,968	202,057	201,515	201,743	201,814	201,888	201,968	202,057
Civilian labor force	124,095	124,329	124,134	124,202	123,897	123,800	124,413	124,332	124,222
Participation rate	61.6	61.6	61.4	61.6	61.4	61.3	61.6	61.6	61.5
Employed	115,603	118,601	119,154	115,510	117,553	117,320	118,428	118,697	119,023
Employment-population ratio	57.4	58.7	59.0	57.3	58.3	58.1	58.7	58.8	58.9
Unemployed	8,492	5,728	4,980	8,691	6,344	6,480	5,985	5,635	5,199
Unemployment rate	6.8	4.6	4.0	7.0	5.1	5.2	4.8	4.5	4.2
Not in labor force	77,420	77,639	77,923	77,313	77,845	78,013	77,475	77,635	77,835
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,919	64,844	64,939	65,001	64,492	64,478	64,858	64,856	64,996
Participation rate	70.3	70.0	70.0	70.4	69.7	69.6	70.0	70.0	70.1
Employed	60,904	62,142	62,471	60,780	61,182	61,122	61,701	61,980	62,295
Employment-population ratio	65.9	67.1	67.4	65.8	66.1	66.0	66.6	66.9	67.2
Unemployed	4,014	2,702	2,467	4,220	3,311	3,357	3,157	2,875	2,700
Unemployment rate	6.2	4.2	3.8	6.5	5.1	5.2	4.9	4.4	4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,696	54,494	54,690	54,568	54,698	54,800	54,993	54,816	54,578
Participation rate	56.4	56.0	56.2	56.3	56.3	56.4	56.6	56.4	56.1
Employed	50,917	51,930	52,666	50,813	52,079	52,084	52,538	52,496	52,571
Employment-population ratio	52.5	53.4	54.1	52.4	53.6	53.6	54.0	54.0	54.0
Unemployed	3,779	2,564	2,024	3,755	2,618	2,716	2,455	2,319	2,007
Unemployment rate	6.9	4.7	3.7	6.9	4.8	5.0	4.5	4.2	3.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,481	4,991	4,505	4,633	4,707	4,522	4,562	4,661	4,648
Participation rate	36.9	41.4	37.4	38.2	39.0	37.5	37.8	38.7	38.5
Employed	3,782	4,530	4,016	3,917	4,292	4,114	4,189	4,220	4,157
Employment-population ratio	31.2	37.6	33.3	32.3	35.6	34.1	34.7	35.0	34.5
Unemployed	699	462	489	716	415	408	373	441	492
Unemployment rate	15.6	9.2	10.9	15.5	8.8	9.0	8.2	9.5	10.6
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	33,420	33,645	33,673	33,420	33,572	33,595	33,619	33,645	33,673
Civilian labor force	19,907	20,823	20,588	19,942	20,439	20,679	20,430	20,717	20,634
Participation rate	59.6	61.9	61.1	59.7	60.9	61.6	60.8	61.6	61.3
Employed	17,609	18,934	19,063	17,558	18,584	18,769	18,757	18,892	18,996
Employment-population ratio	52.7	56.3	56.6	52.5	55.4	55.9	55.8	56.2	56.4
Unemployed	2,298	1,889	1,524	2,385	1,854	1,910	1,673	1,825	1,638
Unemployment rate	11.5	9.1	7.4	12.0	9.1	9.2	8.2	8.8	7.9
Not in labor force	13,513	12,822	13,086	13,478	13,133	12,916	13,189	12,928	13,039
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,133	9,544	9,394	9,124	9,460	9,607	9,402	9,491	9,399
Participation rate	64.8	67.1	66.0	64.7	66.7	67.7	66.2	66.7	66.0
Employed	8,031	8,700	8,696	7,975	8,533	8,648	8,609	8,628	8,644
Employment-population ratio	57.0	61.2	61.1	56.6	60.1	60.9	60.6	60.7	60.7
Unemployed	1,102	844	698	1,149	927	958	793	864	755
Unemployment rate	12.1	8.8	7.4	12.6	9.8	10.0	8.4	9.1	8.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,102	10,495	10,451	10,093	10,293	10,358	10,293	10,480	10,442
Participation rate	59.7	61.6	61.3	59.7	60.6	60.9	60.5	61.5	61.2
Employed	9,026	9,589	9,725	8,999	9,448	9,473	9,511	9,652	9,683
Employment-population ratio	53.4	56.3	57.0	53.2	55.6	55.7	55.9	56.7	56.8
Unemployed	1,076	906	726	1,093	844	886	782	828	759
Unemployment rate	10.7	8.6	6.9	10.8	8.2	8.5	7.6	7.9	7.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	672	784	743	726	686	714	735	746	794
Participation rate	27.9	32.9	31.1	30.1	28.7	29.9	30.8	31.2	33.3
Employed	552	646	642	584	603	648	637	612	669
Employment-population ratio	22.9	27.1	26.9	24.2	25.2	27.1	26.7	25.6	28.0
Unemployed	120	138	101	142	83	67	98	134	125
Unemployment rate	17.8	17.6	13.5	19.6	12.1	9.3	13.3	17.9	15.7
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,668	16,555	16,540	16,668	16,529	16,428	16,514	16,555	16,540
Civilian labor force	10,507	10,672	10,683	10,480	10,471	10,387	10,654	10,610	10,635
Participation rate	63.0	64.5	64.6	62.9	63.4	63.2	64.5	64.1	64.3
Employed	9,581	10,181	10,245	9,553	9,890	9,789	10,094	10,122	10,190
Employment-population ratio	57.5	61.5	61.9	57.3	59.8	59.6	61.1	61.1	61.6
Unemployed	926	492	438	926	581	598	559	488	446
Unemployment rate	8.8	4.6	4.1	8.8	5.5	5.8	5.3	4.6	4.2
Not in labor force	6,162	5,883	5,857	6,188	6,057	6,042	5,861	5,945	5,905
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	44,388	45,004	45,083	44,388	44,786	44,857	44,927	45,004	45,083
Civilian labor force	28,771	29,449	29,577	28,804	29,243	29,367	29,529	29,534	29,617
Participation rate	64.8	65.4	65.6	64.9	65.3	65.5	65.7	65.6	65.7
Employed	25,897	27,635	27,813	25,834	27,110	27,183	27,576	27,652	27,738
Employment-population ratio	58.3	61.4	61.7	58.2	60.5	60.6	61.4	61.4	61.5
Unemployed	2,874	1,814	1,764	2,969	2,133	2,184	1,953	1,882	1,880
Unemployment rate	10.0	6.2	6.0	10.3	7.3	7.4	6.6	6.4	6.3
Not in labor force	15,617	15,555	15,506	15,584	15,543	15,490	15,398	15,470	15,466
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	15,833	16,239	16,369	15,859	16,079	16,068	16,228	16,285	16,403
Participation rate	79.0	79.8	80.3	79.1	79.5	79.3	79.9	80.1	80.5
Employed	14,529	15,374	15,488	14,463	15,006	15,005	15,225	15,318	15,411
Employment-population ratio	72.5	75.6	76.0	72.1	74.1	74.0	75.0	75.3	75.6
Unemployed	1,303	865	881	1,397	1,073	1,063	1,003	967	992
Unemployment rate	8.2	5.3	5.4	8.8	6.7	6.6	6.2	5.9	6.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	11,602	11,902	11,938	11,575	11,928	12,071	12,020	11,977	11,915
Participation rate	57.1	57.7	57.8	57.0	58.2	58.8	58.4	58.1	57.7
Employed	10,326	11,160	11,277	10,306	11,043	11,111	11,209	11,253	11,253
Employment-population ratio	50.8	54.1	54.6	50.7	53.8	54.1	54.5	54.6	54.5
Unemployed	1,276	742	661	1,270	884	959	811	725	662
Unemployment rate	11.0	6.2	5.5	11.0	7.4	7.9	6.7	6.0	5.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,336	1,308	1,270	1,370	1,236	1,228	1,280	1,271	1,300
Participation rate	33.2	32.3	31.3	34.0	30.6	30.4	31.6	31.3	32.0
Employed	1,042	1,101	1,048	1,066	1,061	1,066	1,142	1,081	1,074
Employment-population ratio	25.9	27.2	25.8	26.5	26.3	26.4	28.2	26.7	26.4
Unemployed	295	207	222	303	175	162	138	190	226
Unemployment rate	22.1	15.8	17.5	22.1	14.2	13.2	10.8	15.0	17.4
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	8,946	9,188	9,263	8,811	8,790	9,142	9,254	9,158	9,127
Participation rate	44.2	45.9	45.9	43.5	42.8	44.1	46.7	45.8	45.3
Employed	8,093	8,542	8,644	7,872	7,993	8,210	8,377	8,448	8,406
Employment-population ratio	40.0	42.7	42.9	38.9	38.9	39.6	42.3	42.2	41.7
Unemployed	853	646	619	939	797	932	877	710	721
Unemployment rate	9.5	7.0	6.7	10.7	9.1	10.2	9.5	7.8	7.9
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,328	35,571	35,261	34,974	34,930	34,972	34,947	35,347	34,858
Participation rate	55.6	55.7	55.7	55.0	55.5	55.9	55.3	55.3	55.1
Employed	32,284	33,473	33,351	31,835	32,543	32,517	32,735	33,232	32,838
Employment-population ratio	50.8	52.4	52.7	50.1	51.7	52.0	51.8	52.0	51.9
Unemployed	3,044	2,098	1,910	3,139	2,388	2,455	2,211	2,115	2,020
Unemployment rate	8.6	5.9	5.4	9.0	6.8	7.0	6.3	6.0	5.8
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	35,921	35,502	35,840	35,969	35,917	36,079	35,896	35,845	35,826
Participation rate	63.5	63.0	63.1	63.6	63.4	63.1	63.0	63.6	63.0
Employed	33,055	33,611	34,273	33,056	33,808	33,970	34,111	34,019	34,200
Employment-population ratio	58.4	59.7	60.3	58.4	59.7	59.4	59.9	60.4	60.2
Unemployed	2,866	1,890	1,567	2,912	2,108	2,109	1,785	1,826	1,626
Unemployment rate	8.0	5.3	4.4	8.1	5.9	5.8	5.0	5.1	4.5
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	59,840	60,321	60,710	59,861	60,727	60,483	60,927	60,794	60,785
Participation rate	72.2	71.7	72.0	72.2	72.5	72.3	72.4	72.3	72.1
Employed	57,021	58,441	59,213	57,024	58,802	58,392	59,027	59,077	59,246
Employment-population ratio	68.8	69.5	70.3	68.8	70.2	69.8	70.1	70.2	70.3
Unemployed	2,818	1,880	1,497	2,837	1,925	2,091	1,900	1,717	1,539
Unemployment rate	4.7	3.1	2.5	4.7	3.2	3.5	3.1	2.8	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	18,389	18,011	16,482	16,091	1,907	1,920
Civilian labor force	8,814	8,485	7,705	7,345	1,109	1,141
Participation rate	47.9	47.1	46.7	45.6	58.1	59.4
Employed	8,246	8,181	7,209	7,078	1,037	1,103
Employment-population ratio	44.8	45.4	43.7	44.0	54.4	57.5
Unemployed	568	304	496	266	72	37
Unemployment rate	6.4	3.6	6.4	3.6	6.5	3.3
Not in labor force	9,575	9,526	8,777	8,746	798	779
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,579	4,641	3,827	3,876	752	765
Civilian labor force	3,643	3,651	3,114	3,084	529	567
Participation rate	79.6	78.7	81.4	79.6	70.4	74.1
Employed	3,371	3,522	2,872	2,966	499	555
Employment-population ratio	73.6	75.9	75.1	76.5	66.4	72.6
Unemployed	272	129	242	117	30	12
Unemployment rate	7.5	3.5	7.8	3.8	5.7	2.1
Not in labor force	936	990	713	792	223	198
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,011	3,085	2,494	2,548	517	537
Civilian labor force	2,147	2,200	1,807	1,855	340	345
Participation rate	71.3	71.3	72.5	72.8	65.8	64.3
Employed	2,017	2,135	1,701	1,804	316	331
Employment-population ratio	67.0	69.2	68.2	70.8	61.2	61.7
Unemployed	131	65	107	50	24	14
Unemployment rate	6.1	2.9	5.9	2.7	7.0	4.1
Not in labor force	864	885	687	693	177	192
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	6,744	6,360	6,507	6,136	237	224
Civilian labor force	1,180	1,016	1,130	961	50	55
Participation rate	17.5	16.0	17.4	15.7	21.2	24.5
Employed	1,128	977	1,082	923	46	55
Employment-population ratio	16.7	15.4	16.6	15.0	19.4	24.5
Unemployed	52	39	48	39	4	0
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.8	4.2	4.0	-	-
Not in labor force	5,564	5,344	5,377	5,175	187	169
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	4,055	3,925	3,654	3,531	401	394
Civilian labor force	1,844	1,618	1,655	1,445	189	173
Participation rate	45.5	41.2	45.3	40.9	47.2	44.0
Employed	1,730	1,547	1,555	1,385	176	162
Employment-population ratio	42.7	39.4	42.5	39.2	43.8	41.1
Unemployed	114	71	100	60	13	11
Unemployment rate	6.2	4.4	6.1	4.1	7.1	6.6
Not in labor force	2,211	2,307	1,999	2,086	212	221
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	233,495	234,883	105,156	106,108	128,340	128,776
Civilian labor force	149,094	150,627	76,330	77,266	72,764	73,361
Participation rate	63.9	64.1	72.6	72.8	56.7	57.0
Employed	137,705	143,774	70,735	73,655	66,970	70,119
Employment-population ratio	59.0	61.2	67.3	69.4	52.2	54.5
Unemployed	11,389	6,853	5,595	3,611	5,794	3,243
Unemployment rate	7.6	4.5	7.3	4.7	8.0	4.4
Not in labor force	84,401	84,256	28,826	28,842	55,575	55,414
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). Updated population controls introduced with the release of January 2021 data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	29,802	31,569	230,941	230,196
Civilian labor force	6,047	7,051	154,026	154,341
Participation rate	20.3	22.3	66.7	67.0
Employed	5,291	6,417	142,505	147,609
Employment-population ratio	17.8	20.3	61.7	64.1
Unemployed	755	634	11,521	6,732
Unemployment rate	12.5	9.0	7.5	4.4
Not in labor force	23,755	24,518	76,915	75,855
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,563	2,965	76,550	76,646
Participation rate	34.4	38.0	81.5	82.1
Employed	2,259	2,710	70,944	73,102
Employment-population ratio	30.3	34.7	75.5	78.3
Unemployed	304	255	5,606	3,544
Unemployment rate	11.9	8.6	7.3	4.6
Not in labor force	4,887	4,837	17,354	16,718
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,295	2,841	67,936	68,100
Participation rate	31.0	34.8	70.1	71.1
Employed	1,949	2,534	62,663	65,190
Employment-population ratio	26.3	31.1	64.7	68.0
Unemployed	346	307	5,273	2,910
Unemployment rate	15.1	10.8	7.8	4.3
Not in labor force	5,117	5,320	28,990	27,733
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,188	1,244	9,539	9,596
Participation rate	8.0	8.0	23.8	23.4
Employed	1,082	1,173	8,898	9,317
Employment-population ratio	7.2	7.5	22.2	22.7
Unemployed	105	72	642	279
Unemployment rate	8.9	5.8	6.7	2.9
Not in labor force	13,752	14,362	30,571	31,404
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	41,810	43,111	20,159	20,904	21,651	22,207
Civilian labor force	26,712	28,100	15,377	16,212	11,335	11,887
Participation rate	63.9	65.2	76.3	77.6	52.4	53.5
Employed	24,419	26,816	14,350	15,540	10,068	11,276
Employment-population ratio	58.4	62.2	71.2	74.3	46.5	50.8
Unemployed	2,293	1,284	1,027	672	1,266	611
Unemployment rate	8.6	4.6	6.7	4.1	11.2	5.1
Not in labor force	15,098	15,012	4,782	4,692	10,316	10,320
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,933	218,654	105,969	105,743	112,964	112,911
Civilian labor force	133,361	133,293	69,691	69,503	63,670	63,790
Participation rate	60.9	61.0	65.8	65.7	56.4	56.5
Employed	123,377	127,210	64,466	66,191	58,911	61,019
Employment-population ratio	56.4	58.2	60.8	62.6	52.1	54.0
Unemployed	9,983	6,083	5,224	3,312	4,759	2,771
Unemployment rate	7.5	4.6	7.5	4.8	7.5	4.3
Not in labor force	85,572	85,362	36,278	36,240	49,294	49,121
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,309	2,385	2,272	2,270	2,293	2,318	2,305	2,329	2,249
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,480	1,606	1,504	1,482	1,534	1,604	1,584	1,606	1,519
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	816	744	743	799	737	692	708	712	724
Unpaid family workers	12	34	26	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	145,487	150,847	151,754	145,454	149,397	149,329	150,481	151,115	151,693
Wage and salary workers(1)	136,709	141,181	142,210	136,493	139,799	139,873	140,487	141,168	141,768
Government	20,361	20,277	20,343	20,466	20,454	20,578	20,761	20,793	20,487
Private industries	116,348	120,904	121,866	116,299	119,449	119,460	119,955	120,345	121,741
Private households	683	733	768	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	115,665	120,171	121,099	115,601	118,901	118,948	119,334	119,608	120,981
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,723	9,607	9,491	8,675	9,265	9,146	9,571	9,541	9,418
Unpaid family workers	54	60	53	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,955	4,385	4,130	6,283	5,271	4,627	4,483	4,469	4,468
Slack work or business conditions	4,669	3,087	2,960	4,881	4,069	3,430	2,965	3,183	3,180
Could only find part-time work	1,124	958	982	1,120	966	1,007	1,116	1,032	975
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,012	18,871	20,432	18,990	19,160	20,337	20,087	20,359	20,389
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,901	4,309	4,077	6,197	5,231	4,544	4,351	4,414	4,406
Slack work or business conditions	4,623	3,029	2,924	4,823	4,039	3,381	2,908	3,126	3,130
Could only find part-time work	1,120	943	967	1,112	963	996	1,099	1,019	960
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,612	18,557	20,037	18,589	18,774	19,982	19,736	20,027	20,003
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	147,796	153,232	154,026	147,543	151,620	151,602	152,645	153,154	153,680
16 to 19 years	4,781	5,702	5,097	4,957	5,468	5,240	5,369	5,357	5,287
16 to 17 years	1,845	2,266	2,071	1,786	2,080	1,952	1,971	2,025	2,013
18 to 19 years	2,936	3,436	3,026	3,162	3,380	3,287	3,378	3,293	3,256
20 years and over	143,015	147,530	148,929	142,586	146,151	146,362	147,277	147,797	148,393
20 to 24 years	12,561	13,462	13,448	12,641	13,157	13,399	13,342	13,238	13,498
25 years and over	130,454	134,068	135,481	130,040	132,898	133,068	134,135	134,652	134,958
25 to 54 years	95,026	97,881	98,702	94,738	97,172	97,331	98,131	98,289	98,346
25 to 34 years	33,405	34,575	34,780	33,293	34,406	34,284	34,589	34,742	34,664
35 to 44 years	31,844	32,828	33,085	31,687	32,491	32,612	32,923	32,914	32,915
45 to 54 years	29,777	30,479	30,837	29,758	30,275	30,436	30,620	30,633	30,767
55 years and over	35,428	36,186	36,778	35,302	35,726	35,737	36,003	36,363	36,611
Men, 16 years and over	78,817	81,670	81,731	78,663	80,062	80,176	80,712	81,100	81,501
16 to 19 years	2,349	2,887	2,501	2,405	2,722	2,631	2,670	2,660	2,574
16 to 17 years	873	1,085	997	849	1,013	942	944	949	974
18 to 19 years	1,476	1,802	1,503	1,546	1,707	1,679	1,720	1,691	1,584
20 years and over	76,468	78,783	79,230	76,258	77,340	77,545	78,041	78,440	78,927
20 to 24 years	6,477	6,982	6,846	6,512	6,719	6,737	6,713	6,769	6,868
25 years and over	69,991	71,801	72,384	69,718	70,798	70,955	71,479	71,690	72,046
25 to 54 years	50,918	52,406	52,634	50,723	51,664	51,804	52,220	52,348	52,398
25 to 34 years	17,882	18,523	18,598	17,808	18,352	18,167	18,472	18,535	18,516
35 to 44 years	17,232	17,741	17,891	17,146	17,525	17,616	17,707	17,699	17,793
45 to 54 years	15,804	16,142	16,145	15,769	15,787	16,021	16,041	16,115	16,090
55 years and over	19,073	19,395	19,751	18,996	19,134	19,150	19,259	19,342	19,647
Women, 16 years and over	68,979	71,562	72,295	68,880	71,557	71,426	71,934	72,054	72,179
16 to 19 years	2,432	2,816	2,596	2,552	2,746	2,609	2,698	2,697	2,713
16 to 17 years	972	1,181	1,073	937	1,067	1,010	1,027	1,076	1,040
18 to 19 years	1,460	1,635	1,523	1,616	1,673	1,608	1,658	1,602	1,672
20 years and over	66,547	68,746	69,699	66,328	68,811	68,817	69,235	69,357	69,466
20 to 24 years	6,085	6,480	6,602	6,129	6,438	6,662	6,629	6,469	6,630
25 years and over	60,462	62,266	63,097	60,322	62,100	62,113	62,655	62,962	62,912
25 to 54 years	44,108	45,476	46,069	44,016	45,508	45,527	45,911	45,941	45,948
25 to 34 years	15,523	16,052	16,182	15,485	16,054	16,117	16,116	16,207	16,149
35 to 44 years	14,612	15,087	15,194	14,541	14,966	14,995	15,216	15,215	15,122
45 to 54 years	13,972	14,337	14,692	13,989	14,488	14,415	14,579	14,519	14,677
55 years and over	16,355	16,791	17,028	16,306	16,592	16,587	16,744	17,021	16,964
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	43,845	43,637	43,821	43,598	43,647	43,533	43,823	43,641	43,593
Married women, spouse present(1)	34,350	34,485	35,044	34,321	34,950	34,891	35,208	35,043	35,013
Women who maintain families(2)	9,109	9,642	9,618	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	122,998	128,664	128,484	122,569	126,384	126,201	127,466	127,436	128,027
Part-time workers(4)	24,798	24,568	25,542	25,067	25,202	25,610	25,360	25,783	25,747
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	6,482	6,783	7,032	6,491	7,269	7,109	7,026	7,041	7,045
Percent of total employed	4.4	4.4	4.6	4.4	4.8	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.6
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	6,275	6,091	6,146	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,540	10,351	10,234	9,473	10,002	9,837	10,279	10,253	10,142
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	12,535	8,384	7,674	7.8	5.8	5.9	5.4	5.2	4.8
16 to 19 years	963	674	687	16.3	9.6	9.9	9.6	11.2	11.5
16 to 17 years	371	264	258	17.2	8.9	9.6	9.7	11.6	11.4
18 to 19 years	593	407	429	15.8	9.5	10.1	9.4	11.0	11.6
20 years and over	11,572	7,710	6,987	7.5	5.6	5.7	5.2	5.0	4.5
20 to 24 years	1,810	1,365	1,166	12.5	10.1	9.1	9.1	9.3	8.0
25 years and over	9,801	6,358	5,902	7.0	5.1	5.4	4.8	4.5	4.2
25 to 54 years	7,280	4,870	4,566	7.1	5.2	5.5	4.9	4.7	4.4
25 to 34 years	3,151	2,069	1,958	8.6	5.8	6.5	6.1	5.6	5.3
35 to 44 years	2,098	1,512	1,374	6.2	5.0	5.3	4.7	4.4	4.0
45 to 54 years	2,031	1,289	1,235	6.4	4.8	4.6	3.8	4.0	3.9
55 years and over	2,513	1,489	1,349	6.6	4.9	4.9	4.4	3.9	3.6
Men, 16 years and over	6,537	4,584	4,296	7.7	6.0	6.0	5.6	5.4	5.0
16 to 19 years	501	359	377	17.3	10.1	9.5	10.4	11.9	12.8
16 to 17 years	190	119	136	18.3	8.0	10.5	10.1	11.2	12.3
18 to 19 years	313	243	243	16.8	11.2	8.8	10.5	12.6	13.3
20 years and over	6,036	4,225	3,919	7.3	5.9	5.9	5.4	5.1	4.7
20 to 24 years	966	727	706	12.9	10.9	10.2	10.4	9.7	9.3
25 years and over	5,081	3,515	3,238	6.8	5.3	5.4	4.9	4.7	4.3
25 to 54 years	3,821	2,699	2,502	7.0	5.5	5.6	5.1	4.9	4.6
25 to 34 years	1,694	1,159	1,120	8.7	6.2	7.0	6.2	5.9	5.7
35 to 44 years	1,115	837	767	6.1	5.2	5.0	4.7	4.5	4.1
45 to 54 years	1,012	703	614	6.0	5.0	4.7	4.1	4.2	3.7
55 years and over	1,261	815	737	6.2	4.6	4.8	4.4	4.0	3.6
Women, 16 years and over	5,998	3,799	3,378	8.0	5.5	5.7	5.2	5.0	4.5
16 to 19 years	462	314	310	15.3	9.0	10.4	8.7	10.4	10.3
16 to 17 years	181	145	122	16.2	9.7	8.8	9.3	11.9	10.5
18 to 19 years	280	164	186	14.8	7.7	11.3	8.3	9.3	10.0
20 years and over	5,537	3,485	3,067	7.7	5.4	5.5	5.0	4.8	4.2
20 to 24 years	845	638	460	12.1	9.2	7.9	7.7	9.0	6.5
25 years and over	4,720	2,843	2,664	7.3	4.9	5.3	4.7	4.3	4.1
25 to 54 years	3,459	2,171	2,064	7.3	4.9	5.3	4.8	4.5	4.3
25 to 34 years	1,457	910	837	8.6	5.4	5.8	6.0	5.3	4.9
35 to 44 years	984	675	607	6.3	4.7	5.5	4.7	4.2	3.9
45 to 54 years	1,019	586	621	6.8	4.5	4.6	3.5	3.9	4.1
55 years and over	1,259	674	604	7.2	5.0	5.0	4.3	3.8	3.4
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	2,195	1,464	1,279	4.8	3.5	3.8	3.4	3.2	2.9
Married women, spouse present(1)	2,154	1,035	1,040	5.9	3.7	3.7	3.3	2.9	2.9
Women who maintain families(2)	1,012	828	698	10.0	6.6	8.1	8.5	7.9	6.8
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	10,301	6,972	6,589	7.8	5.8	6.0	5.5	5.2	4.9
Part-time workers(4)	2,286	1,418	1,135	8.4	5.1	5.4	5.0	5.2	4.2
Footnotes (1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	8,738	4,547	3,728	9,039	5,841	5,787	4,960	4,468	4,065
On temporary layoff	4,280	1,283	786	4,624	1,823	1,811	1,239	1,252	1,124
Not on temporary layoff	4,457	3,264	2,943	4,415	4,019	3,976	3,721	3,217	2,941
Permanent job losers	3,704	2,545	2,270	3,661	3,234	3,187	2,930	2,487	2,251
Persons who completed temporary jobs	754	719	672	754	785	789	791	730	689
Job leavers	869	905	852	808	778	942	930	822	788
Reentrants	2,139	2,514	2,301	2,123	2,149	2,298	2,287	2,487	2,289
New entrants	531	590	486	535	525	494	463	512	490
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	71.2	53.1	50.6	72.3	62.9	60.8	57.4	53.9	53.3
On temporary layoff	34.9	15.0	10.7	37.0	19.6	19.0	14.3	15.1	14.7
Not on temporary layoff	36.3	38.1	39.9	35.3	43.2	41.8	43.1	38.8	38.5
Job leavers	7.1	10.6	11.6	6.5	8.4	9.9	10.8	9.9	10.3
Reentrants	17.4	29.4	31.2	17.0	23.1	24.1	26.5	30.0	30.0
New entrants	4.3	6.9	6.6	4.3	5.7	5.2	5.4	6.2	6.4
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	5.5	2.8	2.3	5.6	3.6	3.6	3.1	2.8	2.5
Job leavers	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4
New entrants	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,518	2,051	2,209	2,552	2,023	1,981	2,257	2,083	2,237
5 to 14 weeks	2,518	2,269	1,565	2,754	2,126	2,166	1,861	2,066	1,872
15 weeks and over	7,241	4,236	3,593	7,339	5,013	5,314	4,599	4,343	3,674
15 to 26 weeks	4,806	1,042	889	4,934	1,262	1,329	1,174	1,164	990
27 weeks and over	2,435	3,195	2,704	2,405	3,752	3,985	3,425	3,179	2,683
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	21.9	29.2	29.2	21.0	29.9	31.6	29.5	29.6	28.4
Median duration, in weeks	18.2	14.3	13.9	17.8	19.3	19.8	15.2	14.7	13.3
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	20.5	24.0	30.0	20.2	22.1	20.9	25.9	24.5	28.7
5 to 14 weeks	20.5	26.5	21.2	21.8	23.2	22.9	21.3	24.3	24.1
15 weeks and over	59.0	49.5	48.8	58.0	54.7	56.2	52.8	51.1	47.2
15 to 26 weeks	39.1	12.2	12.1	39.0	13.8	14.0	13.5	13.7	12.7
27 weeks and over	19.8	37.3	36.7	19.0	40.9	42.1	39.3	37.4	34.5
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021
Total, 16 years and over(1)	147,796	154,026	12,277	7,366	7.7	4.6
Management, professional, and related occupations	62,759	65,163	2,946	1,580	4.5	2.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	26,747	27,952	1,336	669	4.8	2.3
Professional and related occupations	36,011	37,211	1,611	911	4.3	2.4
Service occupations	23,428	25,674	3,200	1,758	12.0	6.4
Sales and office occupations	29,696	29,593	2,610	1,525	8.1	4.9
Sales and related occupations	14,157	14,225	1,388	782	8.9	5.2
Office and administrative support occupations	15,539	15,368	1,222	743	7.3	4.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,683	14,295	1,023	700	7.0	4.7
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	966	1,024	61	71	5.9	6.5
Construction and extraction occupations	8,038	8,332	702	427	8.0	4.9
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,679	4,939	261	202	5.3	3.9
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	18,231	19,301	1,953	1,298	9.7	6.3
Production occupations	7,696	7,967	691	463	8.2	5.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	10,534	11,335	1,262	835	10.7	6.9
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021
Total, 16 years and over(1)	12,277	7,366	7.7	4.6
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	10,098	5,868	8.0	4.6
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	108	48	14.9	7.3
Construction	700	444	7.1	4.5
Manufacturing	935	580	6.2	3.9
Durable goods	531	370	5.7	3.9
Nondurable goods	404	210	7.1	3.8
Wholesale and retail trade	1,545	1,102	7.8	5.7
Transportation and utilities	753	447	9.8	5.4
Information	202	97	8.6	4.0
Financial activities	442	246	4.4	2.5
Professional and business services	1,161	802	6.7	4.4
Education and health services	1,250	805	5.1	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	2,436	1,019	19.0	7.7
Other services	566	278	9.2	4.2
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	76	77	5.0	5.0
Government workers	884	497	4.1	2.4
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	688	438	6.7	4.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2020	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	May 2021	June 2021	July 2021	Aug. 2021	Sept. 2021
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	4.5	2.6	2.2	4.6	3.1	3.3	2.9	2.7	2.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	5.5	2.8	2.3	5.6	3.6	3.6	3.1	2.8	2.5
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	7.7	5.3	4.6	7.8	5.8	5.9	5.4	5.2	4.8
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	8.0	5.5	4.8	8.2	6.1	6.2	5.7	5.4	5.0
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	8.8	6.2	5.6	8.9	6.9	6.9	6.5	6.1	5.8
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	12.4	8.9	8.1	12.8	10.2	9.8	9.2	8.8	8.5
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021	Sept. 2020	Sept. 2021
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	100,670	100,373	41,059	40,933	59,610	59,441
Persons who currently want a job	6,984	5,710	3,367	2,479	3,617	3,232
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,921	1,732	1,016	887	905	844
Discouraged workers(2)	556	409	341	246	214	163
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,365	1,323	675	642	690	682
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	6,482	7,032	3,054	3,530	3,428	3,502
Percent of total employed	4.4	4.6	3.9	4.3	5.0	4.8
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,711	3,904	1,959	2,148	1,753	1,757
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,586	1,690	530	636	1,056	1,054
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	256	352	141	222	115	130
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	891	1,055	412	510	479	545
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)	Change from: Aug.2021 - Sept.2021(p)
Total nonfarm	141,946	146,536	147,028	147,682	141,865	146,993	147,359	147,553	194
Total private	120,101	125,774	125,958	125,735	120,008	124,920	125,252	125,569	317
Goods-producing	20,154	20,742	20,781	20,739	19,971	20,451	20,488	20,540	52
Mining and logging	597	642	646	649	592	637	643	647	4
Logging	45.6	45.5	45.7	43.9	44.7	44.5	44.5	43.5	-1.0
Mining	551.2	596.5	599.8	604.6	547.1	592.5	598.3	603.0	4.7
Oil and gas extraction	137.0	139.5	140.5	141.9	136.6	138.3	139.3	140.4	1.1
Mining, except oil and gas	180.2	186.0	186.4	185.1	177.6	181.9	182.8	182.7	-0.1
Coal mining	41.2	41.4	42.4	42.3	40.8	41.4	42.2	42.3	0.1
Metal ore mining	41.7	43.0	42.7	42.2	41.8	42.7	42.5	42.4	-0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	97.3	101.6	101.3	100.6	94.9	97.8	98.1	98.0	-0.1
Support activities for mining	234.0	271.0	272.9	277.6	232.9	272.3	276.2	279.9	3.7
Construction	7,419	7,640	7,651	7,628	7,256	7,425	7,425	7,447	22
Construction of buildings	1,644.5	1,732.0	1,724.5	1,719.7	1,626.3	1,692.9	1,690.6	1,696.9	6.3
Residential building	834.9	897.1	894.2	887.3	826.1	880.3	880.1	882.3	2.2
Nonresidential building	809.6	834.9	830.3	832.4	800.2	812.6	810.5	814.6	4.1
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,079.1	1,096.3	1,098.0	1,100.5	1,017.8	1,042.5	1,033.4	1,036.5	3.1
Specialty trade contractors	4,695.3	4,811.8	4,828.0	4,808.0	4,611.4	4,689.7	4,700.7	4,713.3	12.6
Residential specialty trade contractors	2,123.6	2,215.0	2,221.3	2,211.2	2,098.4	2,167.7	2,177.3	2,178.5	1.2
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,571.7	2,596.8	2,606.7	2,596.8	2,513.0	2,522.0	2,523.4	2,534.8	11.4
Manufacturing	12,138	12,460	12,484	12,462	12,123	12,389	12,420	12,446	26
Durable goods	7,532	7,728	7,747	7,734	7,538	7,704	7,724	7,740	16
Wood products	393.2	408.8	412.3	411.8	392.8	406.5	408.7	411.0	2.3
Nonmetallic mineral products	399.1	403.0	403.6	402.6	394.8	395.7	396.2	397.0	0.8
Primary metals	343.7	357.4	354.7	353.2	344.2	354.7	354.7	355.2	0.5
Fabricated metal products	1,373.2	1,421.1	1,416.5	1,419.5	1,375.8	1,411.8	1,416.6	1,424.8	8.2
Machinery	1,045.5	1,081.3	1,081.3	1,080.0	1,051.3	1,076.1	1,079.0	1,085.3	6.3
Computer and electronic products	1,067.8	1,090.7	1,091.2	1,088.1	1,070.1	1,086.1	1,087.3	1,089.3	2.0
Computer and peripheral equipment	161.3	165.8	166.6	166.8	161.5	165.9	165.9	166.6	0.7
Communications equipment	85.7	86.1	85.1	85.1	85.9	85.9	85.0	85.5	0.5
Semiconductors and electronic components	367.6	374.8	374.7	373.8	368.6	372.0	372.9	374.0	1.1
Electronic instruments	419.6	429.3	429.9	428.4	421.0	427.9	429.3	429.4	0.1
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	33.6	34.7	34.9	34.0	33.1	34.4	34.2	33.8	-0.4
Electrical equipment and appliances	373.4	384.9	381.4	378.9	373.2	382.9	379.8	379.0	-0.8
Transportation equipment(1)	1,590.6	1,587.6	1,615.5	1,610.8	1,589.5	1,599.6	1,613.6	1,608.5	-5.1
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	895.3	886.6	915.0	911.6	895.7	902.8	912.7	906.6	-6.1
Furniture and related products	350.9	362.6	360.7	362.8	351.2	362.1	361.8	363.1	1.3
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	594.4	630.1	629.9	626.6	595.5	628.3	626.3	626.5	0.2
Nondurable goods	4,606	4,732	4,737	4,728	4,585	4,685	4,696	4,706	10
Food manufacturing	1,633.4	1,663.6	1,660.3	1,658.2	1,618.0	1,640.6	1,643.8	1,647.3	3.5
Textile mills	94.5	98.3	98.7	98.3	94.5	97.9	98.0	97.8	-0.2
Textile product mills	104.7	107.3	107.3	108.0	104.5	106.5	107.1	107.5	0.4
Apparel	89.5	93.1	93.1	93.4	89.4	92.9	92.5	92.5	0.0
Paper and paper products	354.9	353.1	353.1	352.7	356.1	351.7	352.3	352.8	0.5
Printing and related support activities	367.9	373.6	375.6	378.7	366.8	373.1	373.0	377.2	4.2
Petroleum and coal products	105.5	103.1	103.3	103.1	103.1	100.3	100.8	100.9	0.1
Chemicals	837.9	863.5	859.9	854.8	840.3	858.2	858.7	858.4	-0.3
Plastics and rubber products	706.4	733.9	741.3	737.6	708.9	730.6	735.6	736.6	1.0
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	311.3	342.7	344.3	343.6	303.1	333.2	333.9	335.0	1.1
Private service-providing	99,947	105,032	105,177	104,996	100,037	104,469	104,764	105,029	265
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26,512	27,338	27,328	27,422	26,662	27,409	27,456	27,576	120
Wholesale trade	5,575.7	5,744.9	5,737.4	5,735.6	5,578.4	5,722.1	5,718.9	5,735.8	16.9
Durable goods	3,043.7	3,150.4	3,149.1	3,150.6	3,044.0	3,138.4	3,135.7	3,151.2	15.5
Nondurable goods	2,055.2	2,113.9	2,108.0	2,106.8	2,056.8	2,105.8	2,105.2	2,107.0	1.8
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	476.8	480.6	480.3	478.2	477.6	477.9	478.0	477.6	-0.4
Retail trade	14,891.9	15,347.5	15,303.9	15,267.8	15,025.3	15,355.3	15,351.5	15,407.6	56.1
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,922.6	1,992.1	1,991.0	1,986.4	1,917.4	1,978.7	1,982.5	1,985.3	2.8
Automobile dealers	1,217.1	1,254.8	1,255.0	1,252.7	1,214.2	1,252.2	1,254.6	1,255.0	0.4
Other motor vehicle dealers	152.6	172.2	171.7	168.4	151.0	163.8	165.0	166.2	1.2
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	552.9	565.1	564.3	565.3	552.1	562.7	562.9	564.1	1.2
Furniture and home furnishings stores	412.5	441.6	441.0	440.8	418.7	447.6	447.3	447.1	-0.2
Electronics and appliance stores	411.9	410.2	412.1	418.1	421.8	422.1	423.9	425.6	1.7
Building material and garden supply stores	1,376.7	1,407.3	1,374.4	1,361.9	1,390.3	1,366.4	1,361.8	1,377.8	16.0
Food and beverage stores	3,113.6	3,120.7	3,106.6	3,069.4	3,123.6	3,099.2	3,091.6	3,079.3	-12.3
Health and personal care stores	947.5	1,000.2	997.1	1,005.5	958.7	1,005.6	1,006.2	1,011.3	5.1
Gasoline stations	935.4	968.6	968.8	955.7	933.4	956.0	952.8	950.4	-2.4
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	930.5	1,047.1	1,046.2	1,041.9	959.4	1,051.4	1,048.0	1,075.3	27.3
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	455.3	485.2	495.2	491.4	467.0	495.7	501.9	499.6	-2.3
General merchandise stores	3,032.4	3,014.1	3,011.0	3,045.8	3,072.5	3,084.8	3,080.4	3,096.5	16.1
Department stores	942.1	965.7	967.5	969.8	973.1	1,005.9	1,003.5	1,008.9	5.4
General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters	2,090.3	2,048.4	2,043.5	2,076.0	2,099.4	2,078.9	2,076.9	2,087.6	10.7
Miscellaneous store retailers	765.6	840.6	838.0	822.0	767.4	822.8	826.9	826.9	0.0
Nonstore retailers	587.9	619.8	622.5	628.9	595.1	625.0	628.2	632.5	4.3
Transportation and warehousing	5,504.6	5,703.0	5,747.3	5,882.3	5,516.4	5,792.9	5,847.4	5,894.7	47.3
Air transportation	409.4	441.6	449.8	456.1	409.5	436.7	446.0	455.7	9.7
Rail transportation	145.7	143.6	142.5	142.5	145.4	143.5	142.2	141.7	-0.5
Water transportation	59.9	62.6	61.2	60.1	58.9	59.7	59.2	59.3	0.1
Truck transportation	1,466.7	1,514.2	1,519.6	1,518.0	1,450.1	1,494.4	1,500.4	1,502.9	2.5
Transit and ground passenger transportation	356.4	340.0	332.9	416.2	343.4	404.0	397.8	403.0	5.2
Pipeline transportation	50.2	49.3	49.3	49.2	50.2	49.2	49.2	49.3	0.1
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	25.2	40.3	41.5	38.4	21.5	31.0	31.5	32.4	0.9
Support activities for transportation	681.6	716.7	724.5	724.8	682.3	715.3	723.3	724.5	1.2
Couriers and messengers	941.6	973.0	984.6	1,004.7	980.9	1,011.1	1,032.7	1,045.2	12.5
Warehousing and storage	1,367.9	1,421.7	1,441.4	1,472.3	1,374.2	1,448.0	1,465.1	1,480.7	15.6
Utilities	539.6	542.3	539.6	536.1	541.6	538.9	538.1	537.6	-0.5
Information	2,652	2,761	2,781	2,801	2,659	2,745	2,774	2,806	32
Publishing industries, except Internet	756.7	776.0	776.5	785.5	752.0	770.0	772.8	783.8	11.0
Motion picture and sound recording industries	264.8	320.4	332.8	335.6	269.6	312.6	325.7	339.4	13.7
Broadcasting, except Internet	245.7	236.3	238.2	239.7	244.7	238.7	239.9	239.5	-0.4
Telecommunications	680.9	677.0	671.1	673.4	684.2	676.1	674.0	672.9	-1.1
Data processing, hosting and related services	349.1	370.0	377.2	381.8	351.7	368.4	379.5	385.8	6.3
Other information services	355.0	381.5	384.9	385.2	356.3	378.7	382.1	384.8	2.7
Financial activities	8,710	8,897	8,900	8,847	8,712	8,837	8,848	8,850	2
Finance and insurance	6,497.7	6,561.6	6,559.7	6,529.5	6,509.3	6,545.1	6,546.1	6,541.0	-5.1
Monetary authorities - central bank	20.3	20.6	20.3	20.2	20.3	20.2	20.2	20.2	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,644.9	2,670.8	2,669.7	2,656.4	2,652.7	2,665.7	2,667.1	2,665.9	-1.2
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,753.1	1,733.9	1,729.9	1,715.8	1,761.8	1,726.3	1,724.7	1,723.3	-1.4
Commercial banking	1,369.9	1,344.3	1,340.8	1,326.8	1,376.9	1,338.2	1,336.2	1,333.2	-3.0
Nondepository credit intermediation	585.5	612.5	615.4	618.9	583.7	615.0	616.7	620.5	3.8
Activities related to credit intermediation	306.3	324.4	324.4	321.7	307.2	324.4	325.7	322.1	-3.6
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	968.5	1,005.9	1,006.0	994.2	969.7	996.4	995.3	994.3	-1.0
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,864.0	2,864.3	2,863.7	2,858.7	2,866.6	2,862.8	2,863.5	2,860.6	-2.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,212.2	2,335.7	2,340.3	2,317.4	2,202.7	2,291.9	2,302.0	2,308.9	6.9
Real estate	1,698.0	1,780.2	1,785.9	1,767.7	1,695.7	1,756.7	1,765.0	1,768.3	3.3
Rental and leasing services	491.9	533.0	531.9	527.6	484.6	513.1	514.8	518.4	3.6
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	22.3	22.5	22.5	22.1	22.4	22.1	22.2	22.2	0.0
Professional and business services	20,115	21,067	21,193	21,203	20,055	20,939	21,024	21,084	60
Professional and technical services	9,306.8	9,881.8	9,914.3	9,882.8	9,397.4	9,839.0	9,897.2	9,952.7	55.5
Legal services	1,108.5	1,144.8	1,142.3	1,141.3	1,114.1	1,137.3	1,141.3	1,145.6	4.3
Accounting and bookkeeping services	930.0	1,012.8	1,013.8	1,001.5	993.6	1,061.7	1,065.2	1,065.5	0.3
Architectural and engineering services	1,514.6	1,593.1	1,597.2	1,592.5	1,514.0	1,560.7	1,577.8	1,592.9	15.1
Specialized design services	131.7	142.6	143.4	142.6	131.9	141.6	142.8	143.5	0.7
Computer systems design and related services	2,162.0	2,286.7	2,294.0	2,277.0	2,174.8	2,259.8	2,269.4	2,278.2	8.8
Management and technical consulting services	1,516.7	1,633.4	1,644.8	1,655.9	1,517.8	1,626.6	1,635.4	1,650.6	15.2
Scientific research and development services	765.5	833.1	836.4	829.0	770.4	824.2	831.1	836.3	5.2
Advertising and related services	436.0	447.5	449.9	450.9	437.8	445.0	447.6	452.1	4.5
Other professional and technical services	741.8	787.8	792.5	792.1	742.9	782.1	786.6	788.0	1.4
Management of companies and enterprises	2,328.6	2,346.6	2,347.3	2,340.3	2,333.0	2,329.8	2,336.2	2,339.3	3.1
Administrative and waste services	8,479.8	8,838.3	8,931.6	8,979.4	8,324.5	8,770.3	8,790.2	8,791.9	1.7
Administrative and support services	8,032.9	8,383.5	8,475.6	8,522.8	7,880.1	8,322.2	8,340.4	8,339.0	-1.4
Office administrative services	523.7	558.4	567.4	566.2	524.3	557.1	563.3	564.2	0.9
Facilities support services	153.2	150.5	152.9	150.7	153.3	151.0	153.0	151.3	-1.7
Employment services(1)	3,052.0	3,283.2	3,352.3	3,430.8	2,987.6	3,335.0	3,335.2	3,330.1	-5.1
Temporary help services	2,467.5	2,641.5	2,702.0	2,775.3	2,398.3	2,696.9	2,693.2	2,688.0	-5.2
Business support services	794.5	767.7	772.6	779.9	795.5	778.8	780.6	784.4	3.8
Travel arrangement and reservation services	152.0	160.8	163.3	166.4	151.4	158.7	161.5	166.3	4.8
Investigation and security services	898.2	897.1	903.9	904.8	888.6	898.8	901.0	899.2	-1.8
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,166.8	2,255.8	2,245.6	2,200.9	2,090.0	2,127.8	2,127.4	2,124.8	-2.6
Other support services	292.5	310.0	317.6	323.1	289.5	315.0	318.4	318.7	0.3
Waste management and remediation services	446.9	454.8	456.0	456.6	444.4	448.1	449.8	452.9	3.1
Education and health services	23,086	23,319	23,362	23,588	23,152	23,621	23,672	23,665	-7
Educational services	3,375.1	3,292.9	3,326.4	3,575.0	3,403.9	3,576.1	3,625.3	3,606.4	-18.9
Health care and social assistance	19,710.7	20,025.9	20,035.1	20,012.6	19,748.0	20,044.8	20,046.4	20,058.7	12.3
Health care(3)	15,818.1	16,008.1	16,003.5	15,958.6	15,835.9	15,984.2	15,985.9	15,968.4	-17.5
Ambulatory health care services	7,570.8	7,839.5	7,846.3	7,859.5	7,587.0	7,831.9	7,842.3	7,870.5	28.2
Offices of physicians	2,631.1	2,704.1	2,709.5	2,708.6	2,638.9	2,703.7	2,711.2	2,711.6	0.4
Offices of dentists	959.3	1,020.2	1,022.8	1,020.6	962.1	1,016.8	1,018.5	1,022.6	4.1
Offices of other health practitioners	924.8	991.7	995.9	999.2	928.8	989.3	993.0	1,003.5	10.5
Outpatient care centers	977.6	1,007.0	1,008.1	1,010.2	981.2	1,006.8	1,009.0	1,011.5	2.5
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	280.4	294.7	297.1	296.6	280.1	295.5	297.0	297.9	0.9
Home health care services	1,492.7	1,503.4	1,497.9	1,507.2	1,492.3	1,503.0	1,498.1	1,506.3	8.2
Other ambulatory health care services	304.9	318.4	315.0	317.1	303.7	316.8	315.5	317.1	1.6
Hospitals	5,109.0	5,151.8	5,153.4	5,145.5	5,109.7	5,148.6	5,152.3	5,144.2	-8.1
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,138.3	3,016.8	3,003.8	2,953.6	3,139.2	3,003.7	2,991.3	2,953.7	-37.6
Nursing care facilities	1,457.9	1,374.9	1,365.8	1,346.0	1,456.6	1,371.0	1,360.7	1,344.9	-15.8
Residential mental health facilities	613.5	599.0	596.2	590.5	614.8	594.9	594.0	590.3	-3.7
Community care facilities for the elderly	910.8	893.3	891.4	866.8	911.8	889.8	887.1	867.6	-19.5
Other residential care facilities	156.1	149.6	150.4	150.3	156.0	148.0	149.5	150.9	1.4
Social assistance	3,892.6	4,017.8	4,031.6	4,054.0	3,912.1	4,060.6	4,060.5	4,090.3	29.8
Individual and family services	2,568.6	2,674.6	2,674.5	2,658.6	2,585.8	2,668.8	2,673.2	2,683.4	10.2
Emergency and other relief services	181.5	183.2	182.6	184.1	182.4	184.0	184.6	185.4	0.8
Vocational rehabilitation services	278.8	286.4	284.8	281.3	280.0	282.4	282.7	283.7	1.0
Child day care services	863.7	873.6	889.7	930.0	863.8	925.4	920.0	937.8	17.8
Leisure and hospitality	13,446	15,864	15,827	15,414	13,357	15,209	15,247	15,321	74
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,760.1	2,390.8	2,379.8	2,221.1	1,735.2	2,093.4	2,142.7	2,185.7	43.0
Performing arts and spectator sports	301.6	428.5	451.6	474.2	290.7	408.3	432.2	455.9	23.7
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	131.5	157.5	153.5	145.7	130.3	142.6	143.0	145.4	2.4
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,327.0	1,804.8	1,774.7	1,601.2	1,314.2	1,542.5	1,567.5	1,584.4	16.9
Accommodation and food services	11,686.1	13,472.9	13,446.9	13,193.0	11,622.0	13,115.3	13,104.2	13,135.3	31.1
Accommodation	1,461.9	1,866.1	1,874.9	1,787.2	1,434.9	1,742.0	1,755.6	1,757.7	2.1
Food services and drinking places	10,224.2	11,606.8	11,572.0	11,405.8	10,187.1	11,373.3	11,348.6	11,377.6	29.0
Other services	5,426	5,786	5,786	5,721	5,440	5,709	5,743	5,727	-16
Repair and maintenance	1,293.5	1,371.3	1,378.2	1,373.2	1,293.5	1,360.4	1,369.6	1,369.7	0.1
Personal and laundry services	1,283.1	1,420.5	1,430.7	1,421.7	1,283.3	1,406.7	1,425.8	1,416.8	-9.0
Membership associations and organizations	2,849.3	2,993.9	2,977.1	2,925.9	2,862.8	2,941.4	2,947.8	2,940.7	-7.1
Government	21,845	20,762	21,070	21,947	21,857	22,073	22,107	21,984	-123
Federal	3,121	2,894	2,888	2,890	3,117	2,883	2,886	2,886	0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,519.9	2,292.5	2,289.2	2,286.5	2,513.9	2,276.1	2,278.9	2,277.9	-1.0
U.S. Postal Service	601.2	601.9	599.2	603.3	603.0	606.4	606.6	607.6	1.0
State government	5,066	4,737	4,791	5,091	5,010	5,074	5,068	5,046	-22
State government education	2,370.7	2,068.4	2,131.8	2,446.7	2,315.0	2,421.0	2,419.2	2,402.6	-16.6
State government, excluding education	2,695.5	2,668.3	2,658.8	2,643.8	2,695.0	2,653.4	2,648.8	2,643.7	-5.1
Local government	13,658	13,131	13,391	13,966	13,730	14,116	14,153	14,052	-101
Local government education	7,383.7	6,624.3	6,925.5	7,643.8	7,443.5	7,848.1	7,863.6	7,719.4	-144.2
Local government, excluding education	6,274.3	6,506.3	6,465.6	6,322.6	6,286.6	6,267.9	6,289.6	6,332.1	42.5
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.8	34.7	34.6	34.8
Goods-producing	40.0	40.0	40.0	40.4
Mining and logging	44.4	45.3	45.0	45.6
Construction	39.0	38.8	38.8	40.0
Manufacturing	40.3	40.5	40.4	40.4
Durable goods	40.6	40.7	40.4	40.5
Nondurable goods	39.9	40.2	40.3	40.2
Private service-providing	33.7	33.7	33.6	33.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.3	34.5	34.4	34.4
Wholesale trade	38.6	39.4	39.1	39.3
Retail trade	30.8	30.8	30.8	30.7
Transportation and warehousing	38.7	38.7	38.7	38.7
Utilities	42.8	42.7	42.8	42.3
Information	36.6	37.1	37.1	36.9
Financial activities	37.6	37.6	37.5	37.5
Professional and business services	36.6	36.7	36.5	36.7
Education and health services	33.5	33.3	33.3	33.4
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	26.5	26.2	26.2
Other services	32.4	32.1	32.0	32.1
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3
Durable goods	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.1
Nondurable goods	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)
Total private	$29.50	$30.55	$30.66	$30.85	$1,026.60	$1,060.09	$1,060.84	$1,073.58
Goods-producing	30.13	31.10	31.20	31.38	1,205.20	1,244.00	1,248.00	1,267.75
Mining and logging	34.89	35.33	35.53	35.62	1,549.12	1,600.45	1,598.85	1,624.27
Construction	31.82	32.97	33.08	33.25	1,240.98	1,279.24	1,283.50	1,330.00
Manufacturing	28.90	29.78	29.87	30.02	1,164.67	1,206.09	1,206.75	1,212.81
Durable goods	30.31	31.32	31.45	31.60	1,230.59	1,274.72	1,270.58	1,279.80
Nondurable goods	26.55	27.22	27.27	27.41	1,059.35	1,094.24	1,098.98	1,101.88
Private service-providing	29.35	30.42	30.54	30.72	989.10	1,025.15	1,026.14	1,032.19
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25.55	26.48	26.55	26.67	876.37	913.56	913.32	917.45
Wholesale trade	32.52	33.71	33.75	33.77	1,255.27	1,328.17	1,319.63	1,327.16
Retail trade	21.44	21.98	22.11	22.27	660.35	676.98	680.99	683.69
Transportation and warehousing	25.42	26.82	26.85	26.95	983.75	1,037.93	1,039.10	1,042.97
Utilities	44.08	44.89	44.97	45.07	1,886.62	1,916.80	1,924.72	1,906.46
Information	43.93	44.25	44.32	44.30	1,607.84	1,641.68	1,644.27	1,634.67
Financial activities	38.21	40.19	40.05	40.24	1,436.70	1,511.14	1,501.88	1,509.00
Professional and business services	35.35	36.76	36.95	37.02	1,293.81	1,349.09	1,348.68	1,358.63
Education and health services	28.70	29.82	29.93	30.37	961.45	993.01	996.67	1,014.36
Leisure and hospitality	17.10	18.58	18.85	18.95	446.31	492.37	493.87	496.49
Other services	26.58	27.32	27.44	27.49	861.19	876.97	878.08	882.43
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2021 - Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2021 - Sept. 2021(p)
Total private	104.8	108.8	108.8	109.7	0.8	147.9	158.9	159.5	161.8	1.4
Goods-producing	91.0	93.2	93.4	94.5	1.2	123.9	131.0	131.7	134.1	1.8
Mining and logging	82.6	90.7	90.9	92.7	2.0	115.7	128.6	129.7	132.6	2.2
Construction	97.5	99.3	99.3	102.7	3.4	134.9	142.3	142.7	148.3	3.9
Manufacturing	87.9	90.3	90.3	90.5	0.2	118.1	125.0	125.4	126.3	0.7
Durable goods	86.2	88.3	87.9	88.3	0.5	116.0	122.8	122.7	123.9	1.0
Nondurable goods	91.3	94.0	94.5	94.4	-0.1	123.0	129.8	130.7	131.3	0.5
Private service-providing	108.5	113.3	113.3	113.6	0.3	154.8	167.6	168.2	169.6	0.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	99.8	103.2	103.1	103.5	0.4	137.5	147.3	147.6	148.9	0.9
Wholesale trade	95.0	99.4	98.6	99.4	0.8	129.2	140.2	139.2	140.5	0.9
Retail trade	94.0	96.0	96.0	96.0	0.0	133.2	139.5	140.3	141.4	0.8
Transportation and warehousing	122.7	128.8	130.0	131.1	0.8	158.6	175.8	177.6	179.7	1.2
Utilities	100.3	99.6	99.6	98.4	-1.2	146.1	147.7	148.1	146.5	-1.1
Information	88.9	93.0	94.0	94.6	0.6	139.0	146.5	148.3	149.2	0.6
Financial activities	107.3	108.9	108.7	108.7	0.0	160.0	170.7	169.8	170.7	0.5
Professional and business services	115.1	120.5	120.3	121.3	0.8	164.7	179.3	180.0	181.9	1.1
Education and health services	126.6	128.4	128.7	129.1	0.3	174.9	184.3	185.3	188.6	1.8
Leisure and hospitality	99.5	115.0	114.0	114.5	0.4	137.2	172.4	173.3	175.1	1.0
Other services	101.6	105.7	106.0	106.0	0.0	148.0	158.2	159.4	159.7	0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)
Total nonfarm	70,583	73,300	73,476	73,450	49.8	49.9	49.9	49.8
Total private	58,030	60,515	60,645	60,705	48.4	48.4	48.4	48.3
Goods-producing	4,516	4,648	4,666	4,680	22.6	22.7	22.8	22.8
Mining and logging	85	83	83	82	14.4	13.0	12.9	12.7
Construction	969	1,020	1,029	1,035	13.4	13.7	13.9	13.9
Manufacturing	3,462	3,545	3,554	3,563	28.6	28.6	28.6	28.6
Durable goods	1,840	1,879	1,884	1,890	24.4	24.4	24.4	24.4
Nondurable goods	1,622	1,666	1,670	1,673	35.4	35.6	35.6	35.6
Private service-providing	53,514	55,867	55,979	56,025	53.5	53.5	53.4	53.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,485	10,791	10,793	10,870	39.3	39.4	39.3	39.4
Wholesale trade	1,672.3	1,727.3	1,729.2	1,731.0	30.0	30.2	30.2	30.2
Retail trade	7,315.3	7,435.8	7,429.6	7,469.6	48.7	48.4	48.4	48.5
Transportation and warehousing	1,362.6	1,493.7	1,499.2	1,533.2	24.7	25.8	25.6	26.0
Utilities	135.2	134.6	134.9	135.9	25.0	25.0	25.1	25.3
Information	1,062	1,087	1,099	1,099	39.9	39.6	39.6	39.2
Financial activities	4,921	4,958	4,965	4,964	56.5	56.1	56.1	56.1
Professional and business services	9,188	9,682	9,736	9,730	45.8	46.2	46.3	46.1
Education and health services	17,876	18,251	18,254	18,238	77.2	77.3	77.1	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	7,096	8,058	8,068	8,075	53.1	53.0	52.9	52.7
Other services	2,886	3,040	3,064	3,049	53.1	53.2	53.4	53.2
Government	12,553	12,785	12,831	12,745	57.4	57.9	58.0	58.0
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)
Total private	97,686	101,707	102,010	102,199
Goods-producing	14,192	14,606	14,629	14,652
Mining and logging	422	472	478	479
Construction	5,380	5,517	5,510	5,518
Manufacturing	8,390	8,617	8,641	8,655
Durable goods	5,106	5,270	5,299	5,304
Nondurable goods	3,284	3,347	3,342	3,351
Private service-providing	83,494	87,101	87,381	87,547
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22,491	23,098	23,126	23,210
Wholesale trade	4,435.7	4,547.8	4,549.8	4,568.8
Retail trade	12,831.6	13,068.6	13,073.8	13,110.8
Transportation and warehousing	4,795.9	5,052.6	5,074.5	5,102.9
Utilities	428.0	429.1	427.4	427.1
Information	2,103	2,183	2,201	2,233
Financial activities	6,628	6,647	6,661	6,659
Professional and business services	16,079	16,721	16,820	16,889
Education and health services	20,279	20,677	20,725	20,665
Leisure and hospitality	11,489	13,133	13,172	13,234
Other services	4,425	4,642	4,676	4,657
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.1	34.2	34.1	34.2
Goods-producing	40.6	40.9	40.8	41.4
Mining and logging	45.0	46.6	46.9	47.4
Construction	39.3	39.4	39.3	40.9
Manufacturing	41.2	41.5	41.5	41.4
Durable goods	41.4	41.5	41.5	41.4
Nondurable goods	40.8	41.5	41.5	41.4
Private service-providing	33.0	33.1	33.0	33.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.2	34.4	34.3	34.3
Wholesale trade	38.5	39.1	38.9	39.0
Retail trade	30.9	30.8	30.7	30.7
Transportation and warehousing	38.3	38.6	38.6	38.5
Utilities	43.1	42.6	42.8	42.4
Information	36.2	36.9	37.5	36.7
Financial activities	37.3	37.4	37.3	37.4
Professional and business services	36.0	36.3	36.3	36.4
Education and health services	32.8	32.7	32.6	32.7
Leisure and hospitality	24.7	25.2	25.0	24.9
Other services	31.3	31.2	30.9	31.2
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.8	4.1	4.2	4.2
Durable goods	3.8	4.1	4.2	4.2
Nondurable goods	3.9	4.1	4.1	4.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)
Total private	$24.79	$25.86	$26.01	$26.15	$845.34	$884.41	$886.94	$894.33
Goods-producing	25.49	26.61	26.74	26.92	1,034.89	1,088.35	1,090.99	1,114.49
Mining and logging	30.36	31.42	31.67	31.72	1,366.20	1,464.17	1,485.32	1,503.53
Construction	29.09	30.58	30.70	30.79	1,143.24	1,204.85	1,206.51	1,259.31
Manufacturing	23.01	23.91	24.04	24.18	948.01	992.27	997.66	1,001.05
Durable goods	23.99	24.95	25.07	25.22	993.19	1,035.43	1,040.41	1,044.11
Nondurable goods	21.46	22.26	22.39	22.55	875.57	923.79	929.19	933.57
Private service-providing	24.64	25.70	25.86	25.99	813.12	850.67	853.38	857.67
Trade, transportation, and utilities	21.47	22.54	22.60	22.70	734.27	775.38	775.18	778.61
Wholesale trade	26.93	27.88	27.83	28.01	1,036.81	1,090.11	1,082.59	1,092.39
Retail trade	17.78	18.62	18.67	18.68	549.40	573.50	573.17	573.48
Transportation and warehousing	22.59	24.15	24.29	24.54	865.20	932.19	937.59	944.79
Utilities	38.98	39.92	39.98	40.00	1,680.04	1,700.59	1,711.14	1,696.00
Information	36.16	36.75	36.60	36.50	1,308.99	1,356.08	1,372.50	1,339.55
Financial activities	29.48	30.39	30.55	30.65	1,099.60	1,136.59	1,139.52	1,146.31
Professional and business services	29.50	30.66	30.83	30.94	1,062.00	1,112.96	1,119.13	1,126.22
Education and health services	25.60	26.97	27.18	27.46	839.68	881.92	886.07	897.94
Leisure and hospitality	14.80	16.47	16.60	16.71	365.56	415.04	415.00	416.08
Other services	22.61	23.22	23.40	23.38	707.69	724.46	723.06	729.46
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2021 - Sept. 2021(p)	Sept. 2020	July 2021	Aug. 2021(p)	Sept. 2021(p)	Percent change from: Aug. 2021 - Sept. 2021(p)
Total private	111.0	115.9	115.9	116.5	0.5	183.9	200.3	201.5	203.6	1.0
Goods-producing	88.1	91.3	91.2	92.7	1.6	137.4	148.7	149.3	152.8	2.3
Mining and logging	100.9	116.9	119.1	120.7	1.3	178.2	213.6	219.4	222.6	1.5
Construction	105.9	108.8	108.4	113.0	4.2	166.3	179.7	179.7	187.9	4.6
Manufacturing	79.4	82.1	82.3	82.3	0.0	119.4	128.4	129.4	130.1	0.5
Durable goods	79.4	82.2	82.6	82.5	-0.1	118.9	128.0	129.3	129.9	0.5
Nondurable goods	78.9	81.8	81.7	81.7	0.0	119.7	128.7	129.3	130.2	0.7
Private service-providing	117.4	122.8	122.9	123.1	0.2	198.4	216.5	217.9	219.4	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107.6	111.1	110.9	111.3	0.4	165.0	179.0	179.2	180.6	0.8
Wholesale trade	101.4	105.5	105.0	105.7	0.7	161.1	173.7	172.5	174.8	1.3
Retail trade	100.3	101.9	101.6	101.9	0.3	152.9	162.5	162.5	163.0	0.3
Transportation and warehousing	139.0	147.6	148.2	148.7	0.3	199.9	226.9	229.2	232.2	1.3
Utilities	94.3	93.5	93.6	92.6	-1.1	153.5	155.8	156.1	154.6	-1.0
Information	86.9	91.9	94.2	93.5	-0.7	155.5	167.3	170.7	169.0	-1.0
Financial activities	116.4	117.0	116.9	117.2	0.3	211.0	218.8	219.8	221.0	0.5
Professional and business services	129.4	135.7	136.5	137.5	0.7	227.0	247.4	250.3	252.9	1.0
Education and health services	141.8	144.2	144.1	144.1	0.0	239.6	256.6	258.4	261.1	1.0
Leisure and hospitality	103.9	121.2	120.6	120.7	0.1	174.7	226.7	227.4	229.1	0.7
Other services	97.1	101.6	101.3	101.9	0.6	160.0	171.8	172.8	173.6	0.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2020 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.