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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until		USDL-22-1967
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 7, 2022

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
			THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- SEPTEMBER 2022


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in September, and the unemployment 
rate edged down to 3.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable
job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality and in health care. 

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey 
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The 
establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more
information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see 
the Technical Note.

 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|				     Hurricane Ian      				|
|											|
| Hurricane Ian had no discernible effect on the employment and unemployment data for 	|
| September. Household survey data collection was completed before the storm made 	|
| landfall in Florida, and establishment survey data collection rates were within 	|
| normal ranges nationally and for the affected areas. For information on how unusually |
| severe weather can affect the employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently 	|
| Asked Questions section of this news release.						|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|


Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate edged down to 3.5 percent in September, returning to its July level.
The number of unemployed persons edged down to 5.8 million in September. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics decreased to 3.8 percent
in September. The jobless rates for adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.1 percent),
teenagers (11.4 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), and Asians (2.5 
percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers decreased by 173,000 to 1.2 
million in September. The number of persons on temporary layoff changed little at 758,000.
(See table A-11.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed 
at 1.1 million in September. The long-term unemployed accounted for 18.5 percent of all 
unemployed persons. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate was little changed at 62.3 percent in September, and the
employment-population ratio was unchanged at 60.1 percent. Both measures are 1.1 percentage
points below their values in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. 
(See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 306,000 to 3.8
million in September. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, 
were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find 
full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at
5.8 million in September and remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These 
individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work
during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally 
attached to the labor force was little changed in September at 1.6 million. These 
individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the 
prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number
of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were
available for them, increased by 119,000 to 485,000 in September. (See Summary table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In September, 5.2 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus 
pandemic, down from 6.5 percent in the prior month. In May 2020, the first month these data
were collected, 35.4 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus 
pandemic. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at home for pay at
some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the pandemic.

In September, 1.4 million persons reported they had been unable to work because their 
employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all
or worked fewer hours at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the 
pandemic. This measure is down from 1.9 million in the previous month and from 49.8 million
in May 2020. Among those who reported in September that they were unable to work because of
pandemic-related closures or lost business, 21.4 percent received at least some pay from 
their employer for the hours not worked, essentially the same as in August. 

Among those not in the labor force in September, 452,000 persons were prevented from looking
for work due to the pandemic, little changed from the prior month. In May 2020, 9.7 million
persons were prevented from looking for work due to the pandemic. (To be counted as 
unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on 
temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey from May 2020 
through September 2022 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The 
data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for
all months are available online at 
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. For information about the
new supplemental questions being introduced in October 2022, see the box note at the end of
this news release.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in September. Monthly job growth has 
averaged 420,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 562,000 per month in 2021. In September,
notable job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality and in health care. (See table B-1.)

Leisure and hospitality added 83,000 jobs in September, in line with the average monthly 
job gain over the first 8 months of the year. Within the industry, employment in food 
services and drinking places rose by 60,000 in September. Employment in leisure and 
hospitality is below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 1.1 million, or 6.7 percent.

In September, employment in health care rose by 60,000 and has returned to its February 2020
level. Over the month, ambulatory health care services and hospitals each added 28,000 jobs. 

Employment in professional and business services continued its upward trend in September 
(+46,000). Thus far in 2022, job growth in the industry has averaged 72,000 per month.
Employment in temporary help services continued to trend up (+27,000) in September. Job gains
occurred in investigation and security services (+9,000) and in scientific research and 
development services (+5,000). Job losses occurred in business support services (-12,000), 
legal services (-5,000), and advertising and related services (-5,000).

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in September (+22,000). Job gains occurred in
motor vehicles and parts (+8,000), fabricated metal products (+6,000), and electrical 
equipment and appliances (+3,000). Printing and related support activities lost 4,000 jobs 
over the month. Manufacturing has added an average of 36,000 jobs per month thus far in 2022.

In September, employment in construction continued to trend up (+19,000), in line with 
average monthly job growth in the first 8 months of this year. Specialty trade contractors 
added 18,000 jobs in September. 

Employment in wholesale trade continued its upward trend in September (+11,000). Wholesale 
trade has added an average of 18,000 jobs per month thus far in 2022. 

In September, employment in financial activities changed little (-8,000), as declines in 
insurance carriers and related activities (-9,000) and nondepository credit intermediation 
(-7,000) were partially offset by a job gain in depository credit intermediation (+5,000).

Employment in transportation and warehousing was little changed in September (-8,000). A 
loss of 11,000 jobs in truck transportation was partially offset by a gain of 3,000 jobs in
air transportation. 

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
retail trade, information, other services, and government.

In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by
10 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $32.46. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have 
increased by 5.0 percent. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production
and nonsupervisory employees rose by 10 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $27.77. (See tables B-3 
and B-8.)

In September, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.5
hours for the fourth month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all 
employees was unchanged at 40.3 hours, and overtime held at 3.2 hours. The average workweek
for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 
hour to 34.0 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 11,000, from
+526,000 to +537,000, and the change for August remained at +315,000. After revision, 
employment gains in July and August combined were 11,000 higher than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government
agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal
factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, 
November 4, 2022, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|		 Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data 		|
|											|
| The supplemental questions that BLS added to the household survey in May 2020 to 	|
| examine the effects of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market were 	|
| asked for the last time in September 2022. These questions asked whether people 	|
| teleworked or worked from home because of the pandemic, whether people were unable to |
| work because their employers closed or lost business due to the pandemic, whether 	|
| they were paid for that missed work, and whether the pandemic prevented job-seeking 	|
| activities. These questions had become less relevant than they were earlier in the 	|
| pandemic. This Employment Situation news release is the last one to contain data from |
| these questions.									|
|											|
| To improve the relevancy of the supplemental pandemic-related questions, four new 	|
| questions that focus on telework will be asked starting in October 2022. These new 	|
| questions will ask whether people teleworked or worked from home during the survey 	|
| reference week; how many hours they teleworked; whether they teleworked prior to the 	|
| pandemic; and whether they teleworked more, less, or about the same as before the 	|
| pandemic.										|
|											|
| Because data from the new questions will take time to process and review, the 	|
| Household Survey Supplemental Data section of the Employment Situation news release 	|
| will be temporarily discontinued with the release of October data on November 4, 	|
| 2022. More information about the new questions, including future announcements about  |
| the availability of data from these questions, will be available at 			|
| www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. 			|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Change from:
Aug.
2022-
Sept.
2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

261,766 264,012 264,184 264,356 172

Civilian labor force

161,471 163,960 164,746 164,689 -57

Participation rate

61.7 62.1 62.4 62.3 -0.1

Employed

153,806 158,290 158,732 158,936 204

Employment-population ratio

58.8 60.0 60.1 60.1 0.0

Unemployed

7,666 5,670 6,014 5,753 -261

Unemployment rate

4.7 3.5 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Not in labor force

100,294 100,051 99,438 99,667 229

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

4.7 3.5 3.7 3.5 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)

4.7 3.2 3.5 3.3 -0.2

Adult women (20 years and over)

4.3 3.1 3.3 3.1 -0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

11.3 11.5 10.4 11.4 1.0

White

4.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 -0.1

Black or African American

7.8 6.0 6.4 5.8 -0.6

Asian

4.2 2.6 2.8 2.5 -0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

6.1 3.9 4.5 3.8 -0.7

Total, 25 years and over

4.1 2.8 3.0 2.8 -0.2

Less than a high school diploma

7.7 5.9 6.2 5.6 -0.6

High school graduates, no college

5.7 3.6 4.2 3.7 -0.5

Some college or associate degree

4.5 2.8 2.9 2.9 0.0

Bachelor's degree and higher

2.5 2.0 1.9 1.8 -0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

4,002 2,547 2,720 2,495 -225

Job leavers

792 842 898 905 7

Reentrants

2,275 1,826 1,836 1,840 4

New entrants

491 460 440 447 7

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,227 2,080 2,223 2,154 -69

5 to 14 weeks

1,727 1,772 1,807 1,645 -162

15 to 26 weeks

1,047 718 885 899 14

27 weeks and over

2,664 1,067 1,137 1,067 -70

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

4,450 3,924 4,149 3,843 -306

Slack work or business conditions

3,142 2,697 2,769 2,577 -192

Could only find part-time work

988 910 979 952 -27

Part time for noneconomic reasons

20,335 21,103 21,044 21,233 189

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,745 1,545 1,434 1,600 166

Discouraged workers

450 424 366 485 119

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

424 537 315 263

Total private

409 448 275 288

Goods-producing

54 63 35 44

Mining and logging

2 5 -3 3

Construction

30 21 11 19

Manufacturing

22 37 27 22

Durable goods(1)

15 30 25 16

Motor vehicles and parts

3.2 8.4 4.0 8.3

Nondurable goods

7 7 2 6

Private service-providing

355 385 240 244

Wholesale trade

4.7 15.8 16.1 11.3

Retail trade

58.9 16.3 42.6 -1.1

Transportation and warehousing

36.4 17.6 5.4 -7.9

Utilities

-0.1 1.1 0.6 0.2

Information

8 16 5 13

Financial activities

13 7 7 -8

Professional and business services(1)

74 84 54 46

Temporary help services

8.2 13.4 13.2 27.2

Education and health services(1)

9 122 75 90

Health care and social assistance

0.5 88.7 60.2 75.4

Leisure and hospitality

134 89 31 83

Other services

17 17 3 17

Government

15 89 40 -25

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

543 405 382 372

Total private

515 375 356 337

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.9 49.9 49.8 49.9

Total private women employees

48.5 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

81.6 81.5 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.8 34.5 34.5 34.5

Average hourly earnings

$30.92 $32.27 $32.36 $32.46

Average weekly earnings

$1,076.02 $1,113.32 $1,116.42 $1,119.87

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

109.4 112.7 113.0 113.2

Over-the-month percent change

0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

161.7 173.9 174.8 175.7

Over-the-month percent change

1.1 0.8 0.5 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (256 industries)

67.8 70.7 61.5 61.9

Manufacturing (74 industries)

62.2 60.1 55.4 56.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 670,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

261,766 264,184 264,356 261,766 263,679 263,835 264,012 264,184 264,356

Civilian labor force

161,392 164,971 164,463 161,471 164,376 164,023 163,960 164,746 164,689

Participation rate

61.7 62.4 62.2 61.7 62.3 62.2 62.1 62.4 62.3

Employed

154,026 158,714 159,003 153,806 158,426 158,111 158,290 158,732 158,936

Employment-population ratio

58.8 60.1 60.1 58.8 60.1 59.9 60.0 60.1 60.1

Unemployed

7,366 6,256 5,460 7,666 5,950 5,912 5,670 6,014 5,753

Unemployment rate

4.6 3.8 3.3 4.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force

100,373 99,213 99,893 100,294 99,302 99,812 100,051 99,438 99,667

Persons who currently want a job

5,710 5,633 5,650 5,918 5,681 5,656 5,910 5,549 5,834

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

126,648 128,722 128,807 126,648 128,470 128,547 128,636 128,722 128,807

Civilian labor force

85,715 87,649 87,529 85,801 87,366 87,213 86,936 87,335 87,711

Participation rate

67.7 68.1 68.0 67.7 68.0 67.8 67.6 67.8 68.1

Employed

81,731 84,504 84,687 81,533 84,218 84,061 83,891 84,045 84,587

Employment-population ratio

64.5 65.6 65.7 64.4 65.6 65.4 65.2 65.3 65.7

Unemployed

3,984 3,145 2,842 4,268 3,148 3,152 3,046 3,290 3,124

Unemployment rate

4.6 3.6 3.2 5.0 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force

40,933 41,072 41,278 40,846 41,104 41,334 41,700 41,387 41,097

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

118,337 120,058 120,140 118,337 119,831 119,899 119,977 120,058 120,140

Civilian labor force

82,865 84,180 84,594 82,851 84,249 84,040 83,857 84,158 84,660

Participation rate

70.0 70.1 70.4 70.0 70.3 70.1 69.9 70.1 70.5

Employed

79,230 81,401 82,075 78,952 81,422 81,242 81,164 81,225 81,878

Employment-population ratio

67.0 67.8 68.3 66.7 67.9 67.8 67.7 67.7 68.2

Unemployed

3,635 2,780 2,519 3,899 2,827 2,797 2,692 2,934 2,783

Unemployment rate

4.4 3.3 3.0 4.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3

Not in labor force

35,472 35,878 35,545 35,486 35,582 35,859 36,120 35,900 35,479

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

135,118 135,462 135,548 135,118 135,209 135,287 135,376 135,462 135,548

Civilian labor force

75,677 77,321 76,934 75,670 77,010 76,809 77,024 77,410 76,978

Participation rate

56.0 57.1 56.8 56.0 57.0 56.8 56.9 57.1 56.8

Employed

72,295 74,210 74,316 72,273 74,208 74,050 74,399 74,687 74,349

Employment-population ratio

53.5 54.8 54.8 53.5 54.9 54.7 55.0 55.1 54.9

Unemployed

3,382 3,111 2,618 3,398 2,802 2,760 2,625 2,724 2,629

Unemployment rate

4.5 4.0 3.4 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4

Not in labor force

59,441 58,141 58,615 59,448 58,199 58,478 58,351 58,052 58,570

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

126,982 127,034 127,117 126,982 126,802 126,872 126,951 127,034 127,117

Civilian labor force

72,784 73,850 73,842 72,644 73,911 73,741 73,988 74,140 73,750

Participation rate

57.3 58.1 58.1 57.2 58.3 58.1 58.3 58.4 58.0

Employed

69,699 71,067 71,590 69,555 71,432 71,311 71,710 71,729 71,493

Employment-population ratio

54.9 55.9 56.3 54.8 56.3 56.2 56.5 56.5 56.2

Unemployed

3,085 2,783 2,251 3,089 2,479 2,430 2,278 2,411 2,258

Unemployment rate

4.2 3.8 3.0 4.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1

Not in labor force

54,198 53,185 53,276 54,337 52,891 53,131 52,963 52,895 53,367

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,447 17,091 17,099 16,447 17,046 17,064 17,084 17,091 17,099

Civilian labor force

5,743 6,940 6,027 5,976 6,216 6,242 6,116 6,447 6,278

Participation rate

34.9 40.6 35.2 36.3 36.5 36.6 35.8 37.7 36.7

Employed

5,097 6,247 5,337 5,298 5,571 5,558 5,415 5,778 5,565

Employment-population ratio

31.0 36.5 31.2 32.2 32.7 32.6 31.7 33.8 32.5

Unemployed

647 694 689 678 645 685 700 669 713

Unemployment rate

11.3 10.0 11.4 11.3 10.4 11.0 11.5 10.4 11.4

Not in labor force

10,704 10,151 11,072 10,471 10,830 10,822 10,968 10,644 10,821

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

202,057 203,324 203,420 202,057 203,039 203,125 203,229 203,324 203,420

Civilian labor force

124,134 126,264 126,036 124,204 125,772 125,706 125,705 126,172 126,183

Participation rate

61.4 62.1 62.0 61.5 61.9 61.9 61.9 62.1 62.0

Employed

119,154 122,115 122,403 119,009 121,724 121,587 121,822 122,129 122,329

Employment-population ratio

59.0 60.1 60.2 58.9 60.0 59.9 59.9 60.1 60.1

Unemployed

4,980 4,148 3,633 5,194 4,048 4,119 3,884 4,043 3,855

Unemployment rate

4.0 3.3 2.9 4.2 3.2 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.1

Not in labor force

77,923 77,061 77,383 77,853 77,267 77,419 77,524 77,152 77,237

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

64,939 65,545 65,872 64,957 65,653 65,556 65,430 65,600 65,940

Participation rate

70.0 69.9 70.2 70.1 70.1 70.0 69.8 69.9 70.3

Employed

62,471 63,660 64,221 62,257 63,620 63,529 63,464 63,553 64,048

Employment-population ratio

67.4 67.9 68.4 67.2 67.9 67.8 67.7 67.7 68.2

Unemployed

2,467 1,885 1,651 2,699 2,033 2,027 1,966 2,048 1,892

Unemployment rate

3.8 2.9 2.5 4.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

54,690 55,399 55,435 54,574 55,315 55,318 55,565 55,661 55,351

Participation rate

56.2 57.1 57.1 56.1 57.1 57.1 57.3 57.4 57.0

Employed

52,666 53,608 53,979 52,574 53,731 53,727 54,123 54,125 53,914

Employment-population ratio

54.1 55.3 55.6 54.0 55.5 55.4 55.8 55.8 55.5

Unemployed

2,024 1,791 1,456 2,000 1,583 1,591 1,442 1,535 1,437

Unemployment rate

3.7 3.2 2.6 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,505 5,320 4,730 4,673 4,804 4,832 4,711 4,911 4,892

Participation rate

37.4 42.6 37.8 38.7 38.5 38.7 37.7 39.3 39.1

Employed

4,016 4,848 4,203 4,178 4,373 4,331 4,235 4,451 4,366

Employment-population ratio

33.3 38.8 33.6 34.6 35.1 34.7 33.9 35.6 34.9

Unemployed

489 472 527 495 431 501 476 460 526

Unemployment rate

10.9 8.9 11.1 10.6 9.0 10.4 10.1 9.4 10.8

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

33,673 34,171 34,204 33,673 34,079 34,107 34,138 34,171 34,204

Civilian labor force

20,588 21,259 21,218 20,626 21,475 21,213 21,174 21,123 21,258

Participation rate

61.1 62.2 62.0 61.3 63.0 62.2 62.0 61.8 62.1

Employed

19,063 19,824 20,041 19,017 20,141 19,975 19,907 19,776 20,014

Employment-population ratio

56.6 58.0 58.6 56.5 59.1 58.6 58.3 57.9 58.5

Unemployed

1,524 1,436 1,177 1,608 1,335 1,238 1,268 1,347 1,243

Unemployment rate

7.4 6.8 5.5 7.8 6.2 5.8 6.0 6.4 5.8

Not in labor force

13,086 12,912 12,986 13,047 12,604 12,895 12,964 13,048 12,946

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,394 9,777 9,907 9,389 9,983 9,866 9,764 9,707 9,894

Participation rate

66.0 67.3 68.1 65.9 68.9 68.1 67.3 66.8 68.0

Employed

8,696 9,199 9,368 8,644 9,416 9,342 9,212 9,125 9,321

Employment-population ratio

61.1 63.3 64.4 60.7 65.0 64.4 63.5 62.8 64.1

Unemployed

698 578 540 745 566 524 552 582 573

Unemployment rate

7.4 5.9 5.4 7.9 5.7 5.3 5.7 6.0 5.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,451 10,654 10,638 10,450 10,731 10,628 10,688 10,643 10,636

Participation rate

61.3 62.1 61.9 61.3 62.7 62.0 62.3 62.0 61.9

Employed

9,725 9,947 10,072 9,702 10,102 10,030 10,119 10,018 10,058

Employment-population ratio

57.0 58.0 58.6 56.9 59.0 58.6 59.0 58.4 58.6

Unemployed

726 707 565 748 629 598 569 625 578

Unemployment rate

6.9 6.6 5.3 7.2 5.9 5.6 5.3 5.9 5.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

743 829 673 787 762 719 722 773 728

Participation rate

31.1 33.3 27.1 33.0 30.8 29.0 29.1 31.1 29.3

Employed

642 678 601 671 622 603 576 634 635

Employment-population ratio

26.9 27.3 24.2 28.1 25.1 24.3 23.2 25.5 25.5

Unemployed

101 151 72 115 140 116 146 140 92

Unemployment rate

13.5 18.2 10.7 14.6 18.3 16.1 20.3 18.1 12.7

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,540 16,989 17,132 16,540 16,815 16,910 16,920 16,989 17,132

Civilian labor force

10,683 11,166 11,151 10,652 10,912 10,894 10,980 11,096 11,122

Participation rate

64.6 65.7 65.1 64.4 64.9 64.4 64.9 65.3 64.9

Employed

10,245 10,841 10,882 10,207 10,651 10,565 10,693 10,790 10,848

Employment-population ratio

61.9 63.8 63.5 61.7 63.3 62.5 63.2 63.5 63.3

Unemployed

438 326 269 445 261 330 287 307 274

Unemployment rate

4.1 2.9 2.4 4.2 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.8 2.5

Not in labor force

5,857 5,823 5,981 5,889 5,903 6,016 5,940 5,893 6,009

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

45,083 46,287 46,373 45,083 46,039 46,119 46,200 46,287 46,373

Civilian labor force

29,577 30,920 30,641 29,566 30,610 30,670 30,363 30,918 30,650

Participation rate

65.6 66.8 66.1 65.6 66.5 66.5 65.7 66.8 66.1

Employed

27,813 29,498 29,515 27,758 29,279 29,364 29,170 29,539 29,470

Employment-population ratio

61.7 63.7 63.6 61.6 63.6 63.7 63.1 63.8 63.5

Unemployed

1,764 1,422 1,126 1,808 1,331 1,306 1,193 1,379 1,180

Unemployment rate

6.0 4.6 3.7 6.1 4.3 4.3 3.9 4.5 3.8

Not in labor force

15,506 15,367 15,732 15,518 15,429 15,449 15,837 15,369 15,724

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

16,369 16,651 16,523 16,326 16,717 16,743 16,452 16,625 16,506

Participation rate

80.3 79.4 78.7 80.1 80.1 80.1 78.6 79.3 78.6

Employed

15,488 15,998 16,031 15,408 16,152 16,170 15,870 15,976 15,971

Employment-population ratio

76.0 76.3 76.3 75.6 77.4 77.4 75.8 76.2 76.0

Unemployed

881 653 493 918 566 573 581 649 535

Unemployment rate

5.4 3.9 3.0 5.6 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

11,938 12,746 12,792 11,932 12,466 12,486 12,515 12,812 12,778

Participation rate

57.8 60.6 60.7 57.8 59.6 59.6 59.6 60.9 60.6

Employed

11,277 12,177 12,339 11,272 11,876 11,926 12,113 12,264 12,321

Employment-population ratio

54.6 57.9 58.6 54.6 56.8 56.9 57.7 58.3 58.5

Unemployed

661 569 452 661 591 560 402 547 457

Unemployment rate

5.5 4.5 3.5 5.5 4.7 4.5 3.2 4.3 3.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,270 1,524 1,326 1,307 1,427 1,441 1,397 1,482 1,365

Participation rate

31.3 35.6 30.9 32.2 33.5 33.8 32.7 34.6 31.8

Employed

1,048 1,323 1,145 1,078 1,252 1,268 1,187 1,299 1,178

Employment-population ratio

25.8 30.9 26.7 26.5 29.4 29.7 27.8 30.3 27.5

Unemployed

222 201 181 229 175 173 210 183 187

Unemployment rate

17.5 13.2 13.6 17.5 12.2 12.0 15.0 12.3 13.7

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

9,263 8,623 9,094 9,128 9,194 9,210 8,924 8,646 8,992

Participation rate

45.9 45.2 46.2 45.3 44.0 44.7 46.2 45.4 45.7

Employed

8,644 8,153 8,674 8,428 8,719 8,680 8,398 8,110 8,491

Employment-population ratio

42.9 42.8 44.1 41.8 41.8 42.2 43.5 42.5 43.1

Unemployed

619 469 420 700 475 530 526 536 501

Unemployment rate

6.7 5.4 4.6 7.7 5.2 5.8 5.9 6.2 5.6

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

35,261 35,903 35,488 34,994 36,118 35,985 35,386 35,798 35,278

Participation rate

55.7 56.6 56.5 55.3 56.8 56.8 56.1 56.4 56.1

Employed

33,351 34,354 34,244 32,991 34,760 34,679 34,113 34,284 33,973

Employment-population ratio

52.7 54.1 54.5 52.1 54.7 54.8 54.1 54.0 54.1

Unemployed

1,910 1,549 1,244 2,004 1,358 1,305 1,273 1,514 1,306

Unemployment rate

5.4 4.3 3.5 5.7 3.8 3.6 3.6 4.2 3.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

35,840 35,262 35,597 35,794 35,787 35,707 35,575 35,586 35,544

Participation rate

63.1 62.4 62.8 63.0 63.5 62.6 62.6 63.0 62.7

Employed

34,273 34,147 34,609 34,196 34,565 34,585 34,563 34,538 34,530

Employment-population ratio

60.3 60.5 61.0 60.2 61.3 60.6 60.8 61.2 60.9

Unemployed

1,567 1,115 989 1,598 1,222 1,122 1,012 1,048 1,014

Unemployment rate

4.4 3.2 2.8 4.5 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.9

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

60,710 63,343 63,574 60,772 62,295 62,098 63,380 63,701 63,610

Participation rate

72.0 72.6 73.0 72.1 73.3 73.1 73.0 73.1 73.0

Employed

59,213 61,949 62,473 59,258 61,078 60,800 62,094 62,519 62,478

Employment-population ratio

70.3 71.0 71.7 70.3 71.9 71.6 71.5 71.7 71.7

Unemployed

1,497 1,394 1,100 1,514 1,217 1,297 1,286 1,182 1,132

Unemployment rate

2.5 2.2 1.7 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

18,011 18,313 16,091 16,283 1,920 2,030

Civilian labor force

8,485 8,807 7,345 7,621 1,141 1,187

Participation rate

47.1 48.1 45.6 46.8 59.4 58.5

Employed

8,181 8,579 7,078 7,436 1,103 1,143

Employment-population ratio

45.4 46.8 44.0 45.7 57.5 56.3

Unemployed

304 229 266 185 37 44

Unemployment rate

3.6 2.6 3.6 2.4 3.3 3.7

Not in labor force

9,526 9,506 8,746 8,662 779 843

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,641 4,922 3,876 4,041 765 881

Civilian labor force

3,651 3,973 3,084 3,289 567 684

Participation rate

78.7 80.7 79.6 81.4 74.1 77.6

Employed

3,522 3,880 2,966 3,210 555 671

Employment-population ratio

75.9 78.8 76.5 79.4 72.6 76.1

Unemployed

129 92 117 79 12 13

Unemployment rate

3.5 2.3 3.8 2.4 2.1 1.9

Not in labor force

990 949 792 752 198 197

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,085 3,248 2,548 2,753 537 495

Civilian labor force

2,200 2,280 1,855 1,986 345 294

Participation rate

71.3 70.2 72.8 72.1 64.3 59.4

Employed

2,135 2,207 1,804 1,931 331 276

Employment-population ratio

69.2 67.9 70.8 70.1 61.7 55.8

Unemployed

65 73 50 55 14 18

Unemployment rate

2.9 3.2 2.7 2.8 4.1 6.1

Not in labor force

885 968 693 768 192 201

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

6,360 6,178 6,136 5,932 224 246

Civilian labor force

1,016 904 961 877 55 27

Participation rate

16.0 14.6 15.7 14.8 24.5 11.1

Employed

977 878 923 850 55 27

Employment-population ratio

15.4 14.2 15.0 14.3 24.5 11.1

Unemployed

39 27 39 27 0 0

Unemployment rate

3.8 2.9 4.0 3.0 - -

Not in labor force

5,344 5,274 5,175 5,055 169 219

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,925 3,965 3,531 3,557 394 408

Civilian labor force

1,618 1,650 1,445 1,469 173 182

Participation rate

41.2 41.6 40.9 41.3 44.0 44.5

Employed

1,547 1,613 1,385 1,444 162 169

Employment-population ratio

39.4 40.7 39.2 40.6 41.1 41.4

Unemployed

71 37 60 25 11 12

Unemployment rate

4.4 2.2 4.1 1.7 6.6 6.8

Not in labor force

2,307 2,315 2,086 2,088 221 226

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

234,883 236,598 106,108 107,682 128,776 128,916

Civilian labor force

150,627 153,284 77,266 78,826 73,361 74,458

Participation rate

64.1 64.8 72.8 73.2 57.0 57.8

Employed

143,774 148,309 73,655 76,293 70,119 72,016

Employment-population ratio

61.2 62.7 69.4 70.9 54.5 55.9

Unemployed

6,853 4,975 3,611 2,533 3,243 2,443

Unemployment rate

4.5 3.2 4.7 3.2 4.4 3.3

Not in labor force

84,256 83,314 28,842 28,857 55,414 54,458

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

31,569 33,223 230,196 231,132

Civilian labor force

7,051 7,710 154,341 156,753

Participation rate

22.3 23.2 67.0 67.8

Employed

6,417 7,145 147,609 151,858

Employment-population ratio

20.3 21.5 64.1 65.7

Unemployed

634 565 6,732 4,894

Unemployment rate

9.0 7.3 4.4 3.1

Not in labor force

24,518 25,513 75,855 74,380

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,965 3,126 76,646 78,109

Participation rate

38.0 37.9 82.1 82.7

Employed

2,710 2,868 73,102 75,652

Employment-population ratio

34.7 34.8 78.3 80.1

Unemployed

255 259 3,544 2,457

Unemployment rate

8.6 8.3 4.6 3.1

Not in labor force

4,837 5,124 16,718 16,395

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,841 3,243 68,100 68,733

Participation rate

34.8 38.2 71.1 71.6

Employed

2,534 2,974 65,190 66,506

Employment-population ratio

31.1 35.0 68.0 69.3

Unemployed

307 269 2,910 2,227

Unemployment rate

10.8 8.3 4.3 3.2

Not in labor force

5,320 5,249 27,733 27,228

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,244 1,341 9,596 9,910

Participation rate

8.0 8.1 23.4 24.4

Employed

1,173 1,303 9,317 9,700

Employment-population ratio

7.5 7.9 22.7 23.9

Unemployed

72 37 279 210

Unemployment rate

5.8 2.8 2.9 2.1

Not in labor force

14,362 15,140 31,404 30,757

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

43,111 45,351 20,904 22,003 22,207 23,348

Civilian labor force

28,100 30,213 16,212 17,219 11,887 12,994

Participation rate

65.2 66.6 77.6 78.3 53.5 55.7

Employed

26,816 29,349 15,540 16,750 11,276 12,599

Employment-population ratio

62.2 64.7 74.3 76.1 50.8 54.0

Unemployed

1,284 864 672 469 611 395

Unemployment rate

4.6 2.9 4.1 2.7 5.1 3.0

Not in labor force

15,012 15,138 4,692 4,784 10,320 10,354

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

218,654 219,005 105,743 106,805 112,911 112,200

Civilian labor force

133,293 134,250 69,503 70,310 63,790 63,939

Participation rate

61.0 61.3 65.7 65.8 56.5 57.0

Employed

127,210 129,654 66,191 67,938 61,019 61,717

Employment-population ratio

58.2 59.2 62.6 63.6 54.0 55.0

Unemployed

6,083 4,596 3,312 2,373 2,771 2,223

Unemployment rate

4.6 3.4 4.8 3.4 4.3 3.5

Not in labor force

85,362 84,755 36,240 36,494 49,121 48,261

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,272 2,207 2,165 2,247 2,355 2,308 2,429 2,178 2,178

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,504 1,503 1,448 1,508 1,553 1,520 1,621 1,491 1,474

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

743 671 700 733 776 747 752 645 696

Unpaid family workers

26 32 18 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

151,754 156,507 156,838 151,686 156,183 156,114 156,002 156,931 156,956

Wage and salary workers(1)

142,210 147,362 147,538 141,756 146,455 146,346 146,627 147,397 147,268

Government

20,343 20,744 21,166 20,514 20,885 20,601 21,272 21,220 21,313

Private industries

121,866 126,618 126,372 121,909 125,619 125,767 125,421 126,111 126,494

Private households

768 777 705 - - - - - -

Other industries

121,099 125,840 125,667 121,226 124,955 125,210 124,799 125,441 125,902

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,491 9,081 9,235 9,424 9,291 9,255 8,971 8,985 9,161

Unpaid family workers

53 64 65 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,130 4,060 3,523 4,450 4,328 3,621 3,924 4,149 3,843

Slack work or business conditions

2,960 2,673 2,393 3,142 2,996 2,366 2,697 2,769 2,577

Could only find part-time work

982 932 945 988 999 914 910 979 952

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

20,432 19,618 21,389 20,335 20,806 20,602 21,103 21,044 21,233

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,077 3,996 3,479 4,360 4,235 3,694 3,888 4,075 3,763

Slack work or business conditions

2,924 2,630 2,353 3,094 2,927 2,345 2,676 2,727 2,527

Could only find part-time work

967 914 945 976 988 912 909 966 952

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

20,037 19,333 21,047 19,952 20,438 20,180 20,675 20,710 20,887

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

154,026 158,714 159,003 153,806 158,426 158,111 158,290 158,732 158,936

16 to 19 years

5,097 6,247 5,337 5,298 5,571 5,558 5,415 5,778 5,565

16 to 17 years

2,071 2,546 2,115 2,021 2,194 2,114 2,076 2,255 2,087

18 to 19 years

3,026 3,701 3,222 3,261 3,396 3,443 3,343 3,485 3,464

20 years and over

148,929 152,468 153,666 148,508 152,855 152,554 152,875 152,953 153,371

20 to 24 years

13,448 13,864 13,666 13,529 13,768 13,852 13,902 13,670 13,755

25 years and over

135,481 138,604 140,000 135,072 139,047 138,603 138,969 139,259 139,598

25 to 54 years

98,702 101,645 102,291 98,460 101,734 101,495 101,686 102,053 102,037

25 to 34 years

34,780 35,362 35,451 34,713 35,569 35,437 35,436 35,555 35,392

35 to 44 years

33,085 34,592 34,735 32,945 34,675 34,508 34,616 34,694 34,618

45 to 54 years

30,837 31,691 32,105 30,802 31,490 31,550 31,634 31,804 32,027

55 years and over

36,778 36,959 37,709 36,612 37,313 37,108 37,283 37,206 37,561

Men, 16 years and over

81,731 84,504 84,687 81,533 84,218 84,061 83,891 84,045 84,587

16 to 19 years

2,501 3,103 2,612 2,581 2,795 2,819 2,726 2,820 2,709

16 to 17 years

997 1,188 958 974 1,054 1,046 988 1,036 954

18 to 19 years

1,503 1,915 1,653 1,590 1,748 1,769 1,742 1,761 1,749

20 years and over

79,230 81,401 82,075 78,952 81,422 81,242 81,164 81,225 81,878

20 to 24 years

6,846 7,096 7,003 6,882 7,009 7,081 7,022 6,900 7,038

25 years and over

72,384 74,305 75,072 72,081 74,406 74,052 74,151 74,233 74,762

25 to 54 years

52,634 54,246 54,560 52,462 54,258 54,161 54,190 54,193 54,381

25 to 34 years

18,598 18,731 18,926 18,540 18,830 18,842 18,740 18,767 18,866

35 to 44 years

17,891 18,700 18,656 17,802 18,628 18,492 18,631 18,651 18,579

45 to 54 years

16,145 16,816 16,979 16,120 16,800 16,828 16,819 16,776 16,936

55 years and over

19,751 20,059 20,512 19,619 20,147 19,890 19,961 20,040 20,381

Women, 16 years and over

72,295 74,210 74,316 72,273 74,208 74,050 74,399 74,687 74,349

16 to 19 years

2,596 3,143 2,726 2,717 2,776 2,739 2,689 2,958 2,856

16 to 17 years

1,073 1,358 1,157 1,046 1,140 1,067 1,088 1,219 1,133

18 to 19 years

1,523 1,786 1,568 1,671 1,648 1,674 1,601 1,724 1,715

20 years and over

69,699 71,067 71,590 69,555 71,432 71,311 71,710 71,729 71,493

20 to 24 years

6,602 6,768 6,663 6,646 6,759 6,771 6,880 6,770 6,717

25 years and over

63,097 64,299 64,928 62,991 64,641 64,551 64,818 65,026 64,836

25 to 54 years

46,069 47,399 47,731 45,998 47,475 47,334 47,496 47,860 47,656

25 to 34 years

16,182 16,631 16,525 16,174 16,739 16,595 16,696 16,789 16,526

35 to 44 years

15,194 15,892 16,079 15,143 16,047 16,016 15,986 16,044 16,039

45 to 54 years

14,692 14,876 15,127 14,681 14,690 14,722 14,814 15,028 15,091

55 years and over

17,028 16,900 17,197 16,993 17,165 17,218 17,322 17,165 17,180

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

43,821 45,365 46,100 43,671 45,306 45,222 45,449 45,422 45,912

Married women, spouse present(1)

35,044 36,249 36,616 35,029 36,356 36,526 36,954 36,828 36,615

Women who maintain families(2)

9,618 9,918 9,813 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

128,484 133,630 133,027 128,076 132,800 132,648 132,577 132,335 132,661

Part-time workers(4)

25,542 25,085 25,976 25,772 25,766 25,440 25,824 26,237 26,230

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,032 7,485 7,739 7,038 7,302 7,541 7,633 7,747 7,746

Percent of total employed

4.6 4.7 4.9 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

6,146 6,672 6,710 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

10,234 9,752 9,935 10,157 10,067 10,002 9,723 9,629 9,858

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

7,666 6,014 5,753 4.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5

16 to 19 years

678 669 713 11.3 10.4 11.0 11.5 10.4 11.4

16 to 17 years

244 243 294 10.8 10.2 11.2 10.3 9.7 12.4

18 to 19 years

432 426 424 11.7 10.4 10.2 12.1 10.9 10.9

20 years and over

6,988 5,345 5,040 4.5 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.2

20 to 24 years

1,146 1,021 1,030 7.8 6.7 6.8 6.4 6.9 7.0

25 years and over

5,825 4,301 3,980 4.1 3.0 3.0 2.8 3.0 2.8

25 to 54 years

4,507 3,280 3,074 4.4 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.1 2.9

25 to 34 years

1,919 1,377 1,313 5.2 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6

35 to 44 years

1,350 1,036 1,072 3.9 2.9 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.0

45 to 54 years

1,238 867 689 3.9 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.7 2.1

55 years and over

1,338 1,015 926 3.5 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.4

Men, 16 years and over

4,268 3,290 3,124 5.0 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.6

16 to 19 years

370 356 341 12.5 10.3 11.2 11.5 11.2 11.2

16 to 17 years

126 134 145 11.5 8.8 11.2 8.7 11.5 13.2

18 to 19 years

242 223 200 13.2 11.4 9.8 12.8 11.2 10.3

20 years and over

3,899 2,934 2,783 4.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.3

20 to 24 years

690 608 606 9.1 7.0 7.6 7.3 8.1 7.9

25 years and over

3,213 2,296 2,165 4.3 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.8

25 to 54 years

2,486 1,743 1,675 4.5 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 3.0

25 to 34 years

1,107 712 706 5.6 3.9 3.5 3.3 3.7 3.6

35 to 44 years

760 574 564 4.1 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9

45 to 54 years

618 457 405 3.7 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.3

55 years and over

727 553 490 3.6 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.7 2.3

Women, 16 years and over

3,398 2,724 2,629 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4

16 to 19 years

309 313 372 10.2 10.4 10.8 11.4 9.6 11.5

16 to 17 years

118 109 149 10.1 11.4 11.1 11.6 8.2 11.6

18 to 19 years

189 203 224 10.2 9.4 10.6 11.3 10.5 11.6

20 years and over

3,089 2,411 2,258 4.3 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.3 3.1

20 to 24 years

456 412 424 6.4 6.4 6.0 5.4 5.7 5.9

25 years and over

2,611 2,004 1,815 4.0 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.7

25 to 54 years

2,021 1,537 1,399 4.2 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.1 2.9

25 to 34 years

812 665 607 4.8 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.5

35 to 44 years

590 462 507 3.7 3.0 3.6 2.6 2.8 3.1

45 to 54 years

620 410 284 4.0 2.5 2.6 2.4 2.7 1.8

55 years and over

594 450 420 3.4 2.7 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.4

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

1,257 934 840 2.8 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.0 1.8

Married women, spouse present(1)

1,023 796 708 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9

Women who maintain families(2)

698 533 488 6.8 5.0 4.5 4.7 5.1 4.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

6,525 4,938 4,751 4.8 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.5

Part-time workers(4)

1,135 1,112 1,010 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.1 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

3,728 2,871 2,176 4,002 2,736 2,645 2,547 2,720 2,495

On temporary layoff

786 866 463 1,083 810 827 791 782 758

Not on temporary layoff

2,943 2,005 1,713 2,919 1,927 1,818 1,756 1,938 1,737

Permanent job losers

2,270 1,427 1,161 2,243 1,386 1,273 1,166 1,354 1,181

Persons who completed temporary jobs

672 578 552 676 541 545 589 584 556

Job leavers

852 983 976 792 764 832 842 898 905

Reentrants

2,301 1,891 1,867 2,275 1,943 1,990 1,826 1,836 1,840

New entrants

486 511 441 491 535 464 460 440 447

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

50.6 45.9 39.9 52.9 45.8 44.6 44.9 46.2 43.9

On temporary layoff

10.7 13.8 8.5 14.3 13.5 13.9 13.9 13.3 13.3

Not on temporary layoff

39.9 32.0 31.4 38.6 32.2 30.7 30.9 32.9 30.5

Job leavers

11.6 15.7 17.9 10.5 12.8 14.0 14.8 15.2 15.9

Reentrants

31.2 30.2 34.2 30.1 32.5 33.6 32.2 31.2 32.4

New entrants

6.6 8.2 8.1 6.5 8.9 7.8 8.1 7.5 7.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2.3 1.7 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

Job leavers

0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants

1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

New entrants

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,209 2,162 2,127 2,227 2,066 2,262 2,080 2,223 2,154

5 to 14 weeks

1,565 2,175 1,474 1,727 1,767 1,552 1,772 1,807 1,645

15 weeks and over

3,593 1,919 1,859 3,711 2,017 2,089 1,785 2,022 1,966

15 to 26 weeks

889 683 751 1,047 661 753 718 885 899

27 weeks and over

2,704 1,236 1,109 2,664 1,356 1,336 1,067 1,137 1,067

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

29.2 22.1 20.7 28.3 22.5 22.3 22.1 22.3 20.2

Median duration, in weeks

13.9 8.6 8.8 13.7 9.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

30.0 34.6 39.0 29.1 35.3 38.3 36.9 36.7 37.4

5 to 14 weeks

21.2 34.8 27.0 22.5 30.2 26.3 31.4 29.9 28.5

15 weeks and over

48.8 30.7 34.1 48.4 34.5 35.4 31.7 33.4 34.1

15 to 26 weeks

12.1 10.9 13.7 13.7 11.3 12.8 12.7 14.6 15.6

27 weeks and over

36.7 19.8 20.3 34.8 23.2 22.6 18.9 18.8 18.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022

Total, 16 years and over(1)

154,026 159,003 7,366 5,460 4.6 3.3

Management, professional, and related occupations

65,163 69,056 1,580 1,291 2.4 1.8

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

27,952 29,780 669 537 2.3 1.8

Professional and related occupations

37,211 39,276 911 754 2.4 1.9

Service occupations

25,674 25,738 1,758 1,178 6.4 4.4

Sales and office occupations

29,593 29,602 1,525 1,154 4.9 3.8

Sales and related occupations

14,225 13,878 782 553 5.2 3.8

Office and administrative support occupations

15,368 15,725 743 601 4.6 3.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14,295 14,518 700 477 4.7 3.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,024 934 71 42 6.5 4.3

Construction and extraction occupations

8,332 8,628 427 343 4.9 3.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,939 4,956 202 92 3.9 1.8

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

19,301 20,088 1,298 904 6.3 4.3

Production occupations

7,967 8,222 463 304 5.5 3.6

Transportation and material moving occupations

11,335 11,866 835 600 6.9 4.8

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022

Total, 16 years and over(1)

7,366 5,460 4.6 3.3

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

5,868 4,297 4.6 3.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

48 16 7.3 2.5

Construction

444 346 4.5 3.4

Manufacturing

580 416 3.9 2.8

Durable goods

370 236 3.9 2.5

Nondurable goods

210 181 3.8 3.3

Wholesale and retail trade

1,102 768 5.7 4.0

Transportation and utilities

447 337 5.4 4.0

Information

97 85 4.0 3.2

Financial activities

246 136 2.5 1.3

Professional and business services

802 544 4.4 2.9

Education and health services

805 659 3.3 2.6

Leisure and hospitality

1,019 802 7.7 5.9

Other services

278 189 4.2 2.8

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

77 46 5.0 3.2

Government workers

497 388 2.4 1.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

438 288 4.1 2.8

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
May
2022
June
2022
July
2022
Aug.
2022
Sept.
2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.2 1.2 1.1 2.3 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.3 1.7 1.3 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

4.6 3.8 3.3 4.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

4.8 4.0 3.6 5.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

5.6 4.6 4.3 5.8 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

8.1 7.0 6.4 8.5 7.1 6.7 6.7 7.0 6.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022
Sept.
2021
Sept.
2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

100,373 99,893 40,933 41,278 59,441 58,615

Persons who currently want a job

5,710 5,650 2,479 2,627 3,232 3,024

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,732 1,619 887 817 844 802

Discouraged workers(2)

409 462 246 286 163 176

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,323 1,157 642 531 682 626

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,032 7,739 3,530 3,753 3,502 3,986

Percent of total employed

4.6 4.9 4.3 4.4 4.8 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

3,904 4,307 2,148 2,300 1,757 2,007

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,690 1,925 636 664 1,054 1,261

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

352 420 222 251 130 169

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,055 1,042 510 518 545 525

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)
Change from:
Aug.2022 - Sept.2022(p)

Total nonfarm

147,651 152,258 152,642 153,073 147,328 152,440 152,755 153,018 263

Total private

125,444 131,111 131,156 130,708 125,217 130,173 130,448 130,736 288

Goods-producing

20,601 21,450 21,470 21,402 20,416 21,153 21,188 21,232 44

Mining and logging

579 642 637 636 576 633 630 633 3

Logging

46.0 46.0 47.0 46.3 45.5 45.1 45.3 45.6 0.3

Mining

532.7 595.6 590.0 590.0 530.2 587.4 585.1 587.7 2.6

Oil and gas extraction

120.3 143.5 133.9 133.6 119.9 140.5 133.4 133.8 0.4

Mining, except oil and gas

177.7 183.8 183.2 181.9 175.7 179.9 179.6 179.6 0.0

Coal mining

36.2 38.1 37.8 37.8 36.5 38.2 38.0 38.0 0.0

Metal ore mining

41.2 44.0 43.9 43.6 41.5 43.3 43.6 43.9 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

100.3 101.7 101.5 100.5 97.7 98.3 98.0 97.7 -0.3

Support activities for mining

234.7 268.3 272.9 274.5 234.6 267.0 272.1 274.3 2.2

Construction

7,595 7,909 7,910 7,877 7,427 7,689 7,700 7,719 19

Construction of buildings

1,678.3 1,749.9 1,746.4 1,733.6 1,652.7 1,709.7 1,710.4 1,712.7 2.3

Residential building

876.4 921.9 918.9 906.9 867.8 900.5 900.9 900.8 -0.1

Nonresidential building

801.9 828.0 827.5 826.7 784.9 809.2 809.5 811.9 2.4

Heavy and civil engineering construction

1,089.4 1,126.6 1,126.4 1,126.0 1,035.4 1,077.8 1,075.7 1,075.2 -0.5

Specialty trade contractors

4,827.7 5,032.8 5,037.6 5,017.0 4,739.3 4,901.8 4,913.8 4,931.5 17.7

Residential specialty trade contractors

2,226.2 2,316.9 2,316.5 2,303.8 2,196.9 2,262.9 2,267.9 2,274.4 6.5

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,601.5 2,715.9 2,721.1 2,713.2 2,542.4 2,638.9 2,645.9 2,657.1 11.2

Manufacturing

12,427 12,899 12,923 12,889 12,413 12,831 12,858 12,880 22

Durable goods

7,721 7,993 8,018 8,002 7,725 7,967 7,992 8,008 16

Wood products

413.2 433.6 432.8 432.5 414.1 433.0 432.4 434.6 2.2

Nonmetallic mineral products

408.4 419.7 422.7 419.6 402.6 412.5 415.9 414.4 -1.5

Primary metals

351.0 362.6 363.4 360.8 352.9 362.7 363.3 362.9 -0.4

Fabricated metal products

1,391.6 1,449.4 1,445.0 1,448.0 1,392.3 1,440.5 1,443.3 1,449.6 6.3

Machinery

1,061.4 1,105.4 1,102.0 1,095.6 1,063.1 1,096.5 1,098.7 1,097.0 -1.7

Computer and electronic products

1,060.1 1,093.8 1,096.3 1,089.5 1,062.8 1,087.5 1,091.1 1,091.5 0.4

Computer and peripheral equipment

158.9 163.9 164.8 164.6 158.8 163.1 163.9 164.3 0.4

Communications equipment

85.0 85.8 83.9 83.2 85.4 85.0 84.0 83.7 -0.3

Semiconductors and electronic components

369.2 389.5 390.4 387.2 370.7 385.9 388.4 388.3 -0.1

Electronic instruments

416.7 422.4 424.6 422.3 417.7 421.6 423.0 423.2 0.2

Miscellaneous computer and electronic products

30.3 32.2 32.6 32.2 30.2 31.9 31.9 32.0 0.1

Electrical equipment and appliances

395.8 412.4 411.2 412.9 397.1 409.6 411.3 414.3 3.0

Transportation equipment(1)

1,649.6 1,687.4 1,718.1 1,724.2 1,648.4 1,702.1 1,712.6 1,721.0 8.4

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

966.8 983.8 1,011.0 1,016.8 964.2 999.0 1,003.0 1,011.3 8.3

Furniture and related products

378.1 384.6 382.3 379.4 379.0 382.8 382.0 381.7 -0.3

Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

612.1 644.1 644.6 639.1 612.7 640.0 641.2 640.7 -0.5

Nondurable goods

4,706 4,906 4,905 4,887 4,688 4,864 4,866 4,872 6

Food manufacturing

1,649.9 1,720.9 1,724.9 1,720.8 1,638.1 1,704.0 1,703.0 1,710.8 7.8

Textile mills

99.1 100.4 100.1 99.1 99.0 100.1 99.7 99.2 -0.5

Textile product mills

103.5 105.0 103.5 103.0 103.3 105.0 104.2 103.5 -0.7

Apparel

92.2 95.8 95.2 94.4 91.3 95.3 94.8 94.3 -0.5

Paper and paper products

347.6 359.4 358.2 358.0 347.5 359.4 358.9 359.0 0.1

Printing and related support activities

369.7 378.8 378.4 373.3 368.8 377.0 377.7 373.7 -4.0

Petroleum and coal products

107.2 110.5 111.4 111.1 105.4 108.1 108.8 109.1 0.3

Chemicals

867.1 909.2 909.5 907.5 870.5 903.5 907.4 910.8 3.4

Plastics and rubber products

725.1 755.0 754.9 750.5 728.2 753.1 753.2 751.8 -1.4

Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing

344.8 370.9 369.3 369.0 336.0 358.4 358.3 359.6 1.3

Private service-providing

104,843 109,661 109,686 109,306 104,801 109,020 109,260 109,504 244

Trade, transportation, and utilities

27,730 28,644 28,647 28,595 27,907 28,754 28,819 28,822 3

Wholesale trade

5,701.9 5,916.2 5,916.0 5,907.4 5,703.9 5,881.8 5,897.9 5,909.2 11.3

Durable goods

3,134.1 3,257.9 3,259.5 3,254.5 3,136.1 3,240.4 3,250.2 3,257.2 7.0

Nondurable goods

2,086.4 2,155.1 2,153.6 2,148.9 2,084.5 2,139.6 2,145.6 2,147.9 2.3

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

481.4 503.2 502.9 504.0 483.3 501.8 502.1 504.1 2.0

Retail trade

15,353.5 15,793.3 15,777.6 15,667.4 15,493.6 15,800.2 15,842.8 15,841.7 -1.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

1,952.4 1,983.1 1,988.5 1,978.6 1,947.5 1,970.1 1,974.1 1,973.6 -0.5

Automobile dealers

1,228.0 1,236.5 1,240.7 1,234.1 1,226.0 1,233.1 1,234.9 1,233.1 -1.8

Other motor vehicle dealers

172.2 180.5 177.6 174.6 171.0 171.3 170.8 172.7 1.9

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores

552.2 566.1 570.2 569.9 550.5 565.7 568.4 567.8 -0.6

Furniture and home furnishings stores

438.3 430.5 425.9 422.9 444.9 435.5 433.1 431.3 -1.8

Electronics and appliance stores

419.5 421.8 422.3 419.5 423.3 432.8 431.4 429.3 -2.1

Building material and garden supply stores

1,388.4 1,432.2 1,405.8 1,379.8 1,392.2 1,391.4 1,396.3 1,390.2 -6.1

Food and beverage stores

3,085.3 3,203.3 3,209.8 3,180.7 3,115.9 3,188.8 3,202.6 3,205.3 2.7

Health and personal care stores

1,027.1 1,048.0 1,059.2 1,063.9 1,037.4 1,059.6 1,069.3 1,072.9 3.6

Gasoline stations

949.3 984.8 989.7 981.2 941.5 971.7 973.5 974.3 0.8

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

1,041.6 1,082.1 1,087.8 1,069.9 1,059.9 1,081.2 1,085.1 1,085.3 0.2

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

532.3 533.1 529.7 520.9 541.8 535.7 531.8 529.5 -2.3

General merchandise stores

3,056.8 3,154.4 3,146.7 3,145.6 3,117.3 3,225.2 3,234.1 3,233.8 -0.3

Department stores

915.3 938.2 938.5 938.3 948.9 969.3 972.6 973.2 0.6

General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters

2,141.5 2,216.2 2,208.2 2,207.3 2,168.4 2,255.9 2,261.6 2,260.6 -1.0

Miscellaneous store retailers

815.9 877.4 868.7 858.4 824.1 859.8 862.0 866.9 4.9

Nonstore retailers

646.6 642.6 643.5 646.0 647.8 648.4 649.5 649.3 -0.2

Transportation and warehousing

6,136.7 6,388.8 6,410.1 6,479.5 6,169.7 6,531.2 6,536.6 6,528.7 -7.9

Air transportation

496.5 568.0 567.8 567.4 496.0 562.5 564.3 567.1 2.8

Rail transportation

145.8 146.3 146.8 146.8 145.8 146.6 146.7 146.8 0.1

Water transportation

57.0 66.0 63.0 62.2 55.7 62.1 61.2 61.2 0.0

Truck transportation

1,536.0 1,608.7 1,612.5 1,591.3 1,526.8 1,592.4 1,592.2 1,580.8 -11.4

Transit and ground passenger transportation

390.4 355.8 354.4 424.6 373.8 414.6 413.5 409.9 -3.6

Pipeline transportation

50.1 49.9 49.7 48.4 50.2 49.6 49.5 48.6 -0.9

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

28.1 36.1 35.3 34.1 25.0 29.3 29.5 30.9 1.4

Support activities for transportation

731.1 775.4 786.2 788.7 731.9 778.6 785.1 790.0 4.9

Couriers and messengers

1,034.7 1,032.3 1,045.2 1,055.3 1,080.6 1,108.4 1,112.6 1,111.2 -1.4

Warehousing and storage

1,667.0 1,750.3 1,749.2 1,760.7 1,683.9 1,787.1 1,782.0 1,782.2 0.2

Utilities

537.5 545.5 543.3 540.5 539.7 541.1 541.7 541.9 0.2

Information

2,872 3,055 3,049 3,044 2,874 3,025 3,030 3,043 13

Publishing industries, except Internet

790.1 843.1 845.8 846.0 792.4 837.1 842.6 848.2 5.6

Motion picture and sound recording industries

404.4 453.5 451.0 446.6 401.8 439.8 439.2 444.4 5.2

Broadcasting, except Internet

235.2 232.5 234.2 234.6 234.5 235.0 235.1 234.1 -1.0

Telecommunications

658.5 670.1 665.2 664.4 660.2 667.6 665.6 663.9 -1.7

Data processing, hosting and related services

399.1 424.6 420.9 423.4 401.0 421.6 422.2 424.1 1.9

Other information services

384.5 431.0 431.9 428.9 383.7 423.9 425.6 427.9 2.3

Financial activities

8,800 9,026 9,020 8,956 8,794 8,958 8,965 8,957 -8

Finance and insurance

6,506.6 6,628.3 6,622.7 6,576.6 6,517.0 6,601.3 6,603.3 6,590.3 -13.0

Monetary authorities - central bank

20.9 21.4 21.1 21.0 20.9 21.1 21.0 21.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,701.9 2,712.0 2,708.0 2,687.8 2,708.8 2,703.4 2,699.3 2,695.5 -3.8

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,728.6 1,747.3 1,747.9 1,740.2 1,735.0 1,738.1 1,741.3 1,745.8 4.5

Commercial banking

1,344.9 1,348.6 1,347.7 1,339.8 1,350.6 1,340.7 1,341.9 1,344.1 2.2

Nondepository credit intermediation

640.5 632.3 627.2 618.0 639.7 632.1 625.3 618.2 -7.1

Activities related to credit intermediation

332.8 332.4 332.9 329.6 334.0 333.2 332.7 331.5 -1.2

Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts

989.4 1,052.8 1,050.0 1,037.1 991.0 1,038.9 1,039.5 1,039.6 0.1

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,794.4 2,842.1 2,843.6 2,830.7 2,796.3 2,837.9 2,843.5 2,834.2 -9.3

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,293.3 2,397.5 2,397.2 2,379.5 2,277.2 2,356.4 2,361.8 2,366.8 5.0

Real estate

1,767.2 1,824.4 1,822.4 1,816.2 1,761.5 1,803.2 1,805.0 1,812.2 7.2

Rental and leasing services

505.8 552.2 554.0 542.7 495.2 532.6 536.3 534.0 -2.3

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

20.3 20.9 20.8 20.6 20.5 20.6 20.5 20.6 0.1

Professional and business services

21,460 22,418 22,475 22,452 21,383 22,373 22,427 22,473 46

Professional and technical services

9,933.9 10,526.1 10,526.7 10,447.2 10,012.5 10,490.8 10,522.6 10,533.3 10.7

Legal services

1,156.4 1,199.5 1,178.8 1,167.2 1,162.0 1,188.0 1,179.9 1,174.9 -5.0

Accounting and bookkeeping services

1,005.9 1,074.9 1,066.6 1,068.0 1,068.2 1,113.0 1,115.7 1,123.0 7.3

Architectural and engineering services

1,569.2 1,668.3 1,670.9 1,651.3 1,564.7 1,642.5 1,649.9 1,649.1 -0.8

Specialized design services

143.7 154.3 153.3 152.6 144.3 154.1 153.1 153.5 0.4

Computer systems design and related services

2,321.0 2,440.6 2,452.4 2,427.5 2,329.7 2,430.1 2,439.0 2,440.9 1.9

Management and technical consulting services

1,654.4 1,763.8 1,776.1 1,771.5 1,656.5 1,762.1 1,773.9 1,779.2 5.3

Scientific research and development services

832.8 904.6 898.3 890.2 837.3 889.7 889.8 894.4 4.6

Advertising and related services

450.9 489.4 492.1 483.4 451.6 486.5 490.1 485.4 -4.7

Other professional and technical services

799.6 830.7 838.2 835.5 798.1 825.0 831.1 832.8 1.7

Management of companies and enterprises

2,335.1 2,410.4 2,397.4 2,388.5 2,337.2 2,394.0 2,387.9 2,391.6 3.7

Administrative and waste services

9,190.9 9,481.3 9,550.7 9,615.9 9,033.7 9,487.8 9,516.4 9,548.0 31.6

Administrative and support services

8,730.1 8,999.3 9,066.2 9,134.2 8,573.7 9,011.1 9,037.4 9,068.5 31.1

Office administrative services

556.2 605.3 605.8 606.5 556.7 600.3 602.3 606.1 3.8

Facilities support services

154.6 156.2 157.1 158.0 155.2 156.0 156.1 157.3 1.2

Employment services(1)

3,626.4 3,748.2 3,811.1 3,905.6 3,537.0 3,872.0 3,888.4 3,909.5 21.1

Temporary help services

2,949.7 3,032.6 3,086.4 3,172.8 2,872.0 3,155.7 3,168.9 3,196.1 27.2

Business support services

803.4 764.6 766.9 760.5 804.4 781.2 777.1 765.6 -11.5

Travel arrangement and reservation services

146.0 156.9 156.1 155.8 144.1 153.6 153.0 154.1 1.1

Investigation and security services

908.3 926.6 934.1 944.8 908.4 928.4 933.1 942.5 9.4

Services to buildings and dwellings

2,223.1 2,315.4 2,306.0 2,274.7 2,160.4 2,195.8 2,202.3 2,210.2 7.9

Other support services

312.1 326.1 329.1 328.3 307.6 323.8 325.0 323.4 -1.6

Waste management and remediation services

460.8 482.0 484.5 481.7 460.0 476.7 479.0 479.5 0.5

Education and health services

23,706 24,191 24,289 24,598 23,737 24,480 24,555 24,645 90

Educational services

3,618.3 3,548.3 3,580.5 3,834.4 3,620.9 3,830.3 3,845.9 3,860.2 14.3

Health care and social assistance

20,087.2 20,642.9 20,708.9 20,763.8 20,115.7 20,649.3 20,709.5 20,784.9 75.4

Health care(3)

16,015.6 16,422.7 16,468.6 16,518.3 16,025.8 16,407.9 16,455.5 16,515.6 60.1

Ambulatory health care services

7,916.2 8,194.7 8,211.7 8,229.7 7,931.8 8,196.5 8,215.8 8,243.9 28.1

Offices of physicians

2,751.0 2,836.5 2,841.5 2,853.5 2,756.0 2,835.2 2,845.3 2,855.5 10.2

Offices of dentists

1,002.7 1,045.8 1,046.0 1,037.6 1,004.6 1,041.4 1,040.8 1,042.0 1.2

Offices of other health practitioners

1,025.9 1,091.1 1,095.2 1,094.1 1,028.6 1,092.0 1,093.5 1,098.1 4.6

Outpatient care centers

1,002.6 1,028.0 1,029.9 1,031.2 1,004.3 1,027.3 1,030.8 1,032.2 1.4

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

307.3 312.8 313.6 312.2 309.9 314.4 315.3 315.0 -0.3

Home health care services

1,513.0 1,563.5 1,567.4 1,581.7 1,515.6 1,569.0 1,571.7 1,582.3 10.6

Other ambulatory health care services

313.7 317.0 318.1 319.4 312.8 317.2 318.6 318.8 0.2

Hospitals

5,124.5 5,198.1 5,216.7 5,247.7 5,121.5 5,195.8 5,212.9 5,240.4 27.5

Nursing and residential care facilities

2,974.9 3,029.9 3,040.2 3,040.9 2,972.5 3,015.6 3,026.8 3,031.3 4.5

Nursing care facilities

1,349.2 1,363.6 1,364.4 1,367.1 1,346.7 1,358.2 1,359.6 1,361.0 1.4

Residential mental health facilities

598.6 610.7 614.6 615.4 599.4 608.3 613.0 615.0 2.0

Community care facilities for the elderly

873.2 898.4 902.6 900.8 871.9 893.1 896.5 897.5 1.0

Other residential care facilities

153.9 157.2 158.6 157.6 154.4 156.0 157.6 157.8 0.2

Social assistance

4,071.6 4,220.2 4,240.3 4,245.5 4,089.9 4,241.4 4,254.0 4,269.3 15.3

Individual and family services

2,704.8 2,818.5 2,823.3 2,822.9 2,728.9 2,811.1 2,821.3 2,840.4 19.1

Emergency and other relief services

192.3 201.2 202.6 199.7 193.3 201.7 204.2 201.8 -2.4

Vocational rehabilitation services

272.9 276.8 277.6 274.8 273.7 272.1 274.7 275.3 0.6

Child day care services

901.6 923.7 936.8 948.1 894.0 956.4 953.8 951.8 -2.0

Leisure and hospitality

14,758 16,541 16,443 15,950 14,587 15,731 15,762 15,845 83

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

2,153.8 2,635.0 2,562.2 2,360.1 2,090.8 2,300.5 2,300.8 2,317.1 16.3

Performing arts and spectator sports

447.9 522.3 510.2 515.3 416.5 498.5 490.4 492.9 2.5

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

144.6 175.5 171.1 163.1 142.8 159.2 160.9 162.0 1.1

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

1,561.3 1,937.2 1,880.9 1,681.7 1,531.5 1,642.8 1,649.5 1,662.2 12.7

Accommodation and food services

12,604.1 13,905.6 13,880.8 13,589.4 12,496.5 13,430.3 13,460.9 13,527.6 66.7

Accommodation

1,595.5 1,884.5 1,855.3 1,760.3 1,541.3 1,715.3 1,720.2 1,726.9 6.7

Food services and drinking places

11,008.6 12,021.1 12,025.5 11,829.1 10,955.2 11,715.0 11,740.7 11,800.7 60.0

Other services

5,517 5,786 5,763 5,711 5,519 5,699 5,702 5,719 17

Repair and maintenance

1,367.5 1,436.7 1,437.7 1,435.1 1,366.7 1,425.4 1,427.8 1,435.4 7.6

Personal and laundry services

1,388.8 1,479.6 1,472.8 1,468.4 1,390.0 1,463.4 1,462.0 1,470.0 8.0

Membership associations and organizations

2,760.6 2,869.4 2,852.9 2,807.3 2,762.2 2,809.8 2,812.0 2,813.5 1.5

Government

22,207 21,147 21,486 22,365 22,111 22,267 22,307 22,282 -25

Federal

2,895 2,878 2,867 2,873 2,885 2,864 2,862 2,864 2

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,291.1 2,274.0 2,274.4 2,278.3 2,280.9 2,260.8 2,262.3 2,264.9 2.6

U.S. Postal Service

603.7 604.3 592.8 594.8 603.9 603.0 599.6 598.7 -0.9

State government

5,297 4,930 4,989 5,300 5,224 5,246 5,247 5,231 -16

State government education

2,634.2 2,275.1 2,333.4 2,662.8 2,562.5 2,607.0 2,605.1 2,598.0 -7.1

State government, excluding education

2,662.7 2,654.6 2,655.8 2,637.5 2,661.9 2,639.2 2,641.6 2,633.0 -8.6

Local government

14,015 13,339 13,630 14,192 14,002 14,157 14,198 14,187 -11

Local government education

7,662.0 6,713.4 7,029.6 7,764.2 7,635.5 7,756.6 7,777.1 7,755.4 -21.7

Local government, excluding education

6,353.2 6,625.5 6,599.9 6,428.0 6,366.2 6,400.1 6,420.8 6,431.9 11.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.8 34.5 34.5 34.5

Goods-producing

40.2 39.9 39.9 39.9

Mining and logging

45.4 46.2 46.2 46.2

Construction

39.5 38.7 38.7 38.7

Manufacturing

40.4 40.4 40.3 40.3

Durable goods

40.5 40.8 40.7 40.6

Nondurable goods

40.2 39.7 39.7 39.7

Private service-providing

33.7 33.5 33.4 33.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.4 34.2 34.0 34.0

Wholesale trade

39.3 39.1 38.9 38.9

Retail trade

30.7 30.3 30.1 30.1

Transportation and warehousing

38.6 38.5 38.4 38.5

Utilities

42.3 42.2 41.6 41.8

Information

36.7 36.7 36.5 36.6

Financial activities

37.6 37.4 37.4 37.4

Professional and business services

36.7 36.6 36.6 36.8

Education and health services

33.3 33.4 33.4 33.4

Leisure and hospitality

26.2 25.6 25.6 25.6

Other services

32.3 32.3 32.2 32.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2

Durable goods

3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3

Nondurable goods

3.4 3.1 3.1 3.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)

Total private

$30.92 $32.27 $32.36 $32.46 $1,076.02 $1,113.32 $1,116.42 $1,119.87

Goods-producing

31.33 32.51 32.58 32.70 1,259.47 1,297.15 1,299.94 1,304.73

Mining and logging

35.25 36.68 36.57 36.59 1,600.35 1,694.62 1,689.53 1,690.46

Construction

33.22 34.78 34.88 35.04 1,312.19 1,345.99 1,349.86 1,356.05

Manufacturing

30.02 30.98 31.03 31.13 1,212.81 1,251.59 1,250.51 1,254.54

Durable goods

31.52 32.52 32.61 32.70 1,276.56 1,326.82 1,327.23 1,327.62

Nondurable goods

27.52 28.37 28.38 28.48 1,106.30 1,126.29 1,126.69 1,130.66

Private service-providing

30.83 32.21 32.30 32.41 1,038.97 1,079.04 1,078.82 1,085.74

Trade, transportation, and utilities

26.57 27.72 27.78 27.89 914.01 948.02 944.52 948.26

Wholesale trade

33.98 35.16 35.27 35.42 1,335.41 1,374.76 1,372.00 1,377.84

Retail trade

22.14 23.02 23.02 23.04 679.70 697.51 692.90 693.50

Transportation and warehousing

26.66 28.06 28.22 28.41 1,029.08 1,080.31 1,083.65 1,093.79

Utilities

45.26 47.45 47.23 47.86 1,914.50 2,002.39 1,964.77 2,000.55

Information

44.30 46.38 47.20 47.51 1,625.81 1,702.15 1,722.80 1,738.87

Financial activities

40.30 41.68 41.83 42.24 1,515.28 1,558.83 1,564.44 1,579.78

Professional and business services

37.01 38.85 38.89 38.93 1,358.27 1,421.91 1,423.37 1,432.62

Education and health services

30.55 31.91 31.97 31.96 1,017.32 1,065.79 1,067.80 1,067.46

Leisure and hospitality

18.82 20.18 20.25 20.30 493.08 516.61 518.40 519.68

Other services

28.03 28.58 28.63 28.79 905.37 923.13 921.89 932.80

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)
Percent change from:
Aug.
2022 - Sept.
2022(p)
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)
Percent change from:
Aug.
2022 - Sept.
2022(p)

Total private

109.4 112.7 113.0 113.2 0.2 161.7 173.9 174.8 175.7 0.5

Goods-producing

93.5 96.2 96.3 96.5 0.2 132.4 141.3 141.8 142.6 0.6

Mining and logging

82.2 91.9 91.5 91.9 0.4 116.3 135.3 134.3 135.0 0.5

Construction

101.1 102.6 102.7 103.0 0.3 146.0 155.0 155.7 156.8 0.7

Manufacturing

90.2 93.3 93.2 93.4 0.2 126.0 134.4 134.5 135.2 0.5

Durable goods

88.1 91.5 91.6 91.5 -0.1 123.3 132.2 132.6 132.9 0.2

Nondurable goods

94.1 96.4 96.4 96.5 0.1 131.4 138.7 138.9 139.5 0.4

Private service-providing

113.7 117.6 117.5 118.1 0.5 170.4 184.1 184.5 186.1 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

104.7 107.3 106.9 106.9 0.0 150.1 160.4 160.2 160.8 0.4

Wholesale trade

98.9 101.4 101.2 101.4 0.2 140.5 149.2 149.3 150.2 0.6

Retail trade

96.6 97.2 96.8 96.8 0.0 141.3 147.9 147.3 147.4 0.1

Transportation and warehousing

136.8 144.5 144.2 144.4 0.1 185.6 206.2 207.1 208.7 0.8

Utilities

98.8 98.8 97.5 98.0 0.5 147.7 154.9 152.1 155.0 1.9

Information

96.3 101.4 101.0 101.7 0.7 151.9 167.4 169.7 172.1 1.4

Financial activities

108.3 109.8 109.9 109.8 -0.1 170.3 178.5 179.2 180.8 0.9

Professional and business services

123.0 128.4 128.7 129.7 0.8 184.4 202.0 202.7 204.4 0.8

Education and health services

129.1 133.5 133.9 134.4 0.4 189.7 205.0 206.0 206.7 0.3

Leisure and hospitality

109.0 114.9 115.1 115.7 0.5 165.6 187.1 188.1 189.6 0.8

Other services

102.8 106.1 105.9 106.8 0.8 157.9 166.2 166.1 168.6 1.5

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)

Total nonfarm

73,465 76,005 76,146 76,301 49.9 49.9 49.8 49.9

Total private

60,694 63,057 63,182 63,337 48.5 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing

4,656 4,883 4,890 4,908 22.8 23.1 23.1 23.1

Mining and logging

73 83 83 85 12.7 13.1 13.2 13.4

Construction

1,026 1,080 1,080 1,084 13.8 14.0 14.0 14.0

Manufacturing

3,557 3,720 3,727 3,739 28.7 29.0 29.0 29.0

Durable goods

1,888 1,980 1,989 2,000 24.4 24.9 24.9 25.0

Nondurable goods

1,669 1,740 1,738 1,739 35.6 35.8 35.7 35.7

Private service-providing

56,038 58,174 58,292 58,429 53.5 53.4 53.4 53.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

11,032 11,441 11,463 11,463 39.5 39.8 39.8 39.8

Wholesale trade

1,720.2 1,800.4 1,800.9 1,801.1 30.2 30.6 30.5 30.5

Retail trade

7,560.0 7,736.0 7,746.1 7,753.4 48.8 49.0 48.9 48.9

Transportation and warehousing

1,615.6 1,767.3 1,778.2 1,770.8 26.2 27.1 27.2 27.1

Utilities

135.8 137.5 138.1 138.1 25.2 25.4 25.5 25.5

Information

1,132 1,210 1,217 1,231 39.4 40.0 40.2 40.5

Financial activities

4,940 4,997 4,996 4,991 56.2 55.8 55.7 55.7

Professional and business services

9,929 10,298 10,306 10,302 46.4 46.0 46.0 45.8

Education and health services

18,355 18,876 18,932 19,017 77.3 77.1 77.1 77.2

Leisure and hospitality

7,729 8,321 8,344 8,389 53.0 52.9 52.9 52.9

Other services

2,921 3,031 3,034 3,036 52.9 53.2 53.2 53.1

Government

12,771 12,948 12,964 12,964 57.8 58.1 58.1 58.2

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)

Total private

102,152 106,064 106,288 106,507

Goods-producing

14,551 15,163 15,192 15,222

Mining and logging

428 472 471 468

Construction

5,482 5,686 5,695 5,708

Manufacturing

8,641 9,005 9,026 9,046

Durable goods

5,301 5,509 5,533 5,545

Nondurable goods

3,340 3,496 3,493 3,501

Private service-providing

87,601 90,901 91,096 91,285

Trade, transportation, and utilities

23,579 24,261 24,311 24,314

Wholesale trade

4,535.1 4,675.4 4,683.7 4,688.9

Retail trade

13,237.8 13,470.7 13,494.3 13,492.3

Transportation and warehousing

5,376.7 5,680.6 5,699.3 5,699.1

Utilities

429.5 434.7 434.0 433.5

Information

2,285 2,414 2,416 2,421

Financial activities

6,628 6,746 6,747 6,749

Professional and business services

17,349 17,886 17,931 17,969

Education and health services

20,725 21,299 21,341 21,402

Leisure and hospitality

12,538 13,653 13,703 13,766

Other services

4,497 4,642 4,647 4,664

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.3 34.0 33.9 34.0

Goods-producing

41.2 40.7 40.6 40.7

Mining and logging

47.2 48.1 47.3 47.8

Construction

40.4 39.5 39.5 39.5

Manufacturing

41.4 41.1 41.0 41.1

Durable goods

41.3 41.5 41.3 41.4

Nondurable goods

41.4 40.5 40.4 40.5

Private service-providing

33.1 32.9 32.8 32.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.3 34.0 33.9 34.0

Wholesale trade

39.1 39.2 38.9 38.9

Retail trade

30.7 30.3 30.2 30.4

Transportation and warehousing

38.4 37.8 37.8 37.8

Utilities

42.4 42.4 42.4 42.0

Information

36.5 36.2 36.1 36.1

Financial activities

37.3 37.4 37.3 37.3

Professional and business services

36.4 36.4 36.4 36.5

Education and health services

32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality

25.0 24.5 24.5 24.6

Other services

31.4 31.2 31.2 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.1 4.0 3.9 3.9

Durable goods

4.1 4.2 4.1 4.1

Nondurable goods

4.2 3.7 3.7 3.6

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)

Total private

$26.26 $27.57 $27.67 $27.77 $900.72 $937.38 $938.01 $944.18

Goods-producing

26.81 28.02 28.14 28.27 1,104.57 1,140.41 1,142.48 1,150.59

Mining and logging

31.37 33.06 33.14 33.02 1,480.66 1,590.19 1,567.52 1,578.36

Construction

30.76 32.41 32.62 32.83 1,242.70 1,280.20 1,288.49 1,296.79

Manufacturing

24.10 25.05 25.11 25.22 997.74 1,029.56 1,029.51 1,036.54

Durable goods

25.11 26.17 26.26 26.36 1,037.04 1,086.06 1,084.54 1,091.30

Nondurable goods

22.51 23.24 23.27 23.37 931.91 941.22 940.11 946.49

Private service-providing

26.14 27.48 27.57 27.66 865.23 904.09 904.30 910.01

Trade, transportation, and utilities

22.71 23.98 24.08 24.17 778.95 815.32 816.31 821.78

Wholesale trade

28.08 29.31 29.37 29.54 1,097.93 1,148.95 1,142.49 1,149.11

Retail trade

18.70 19.59 19.63 19.66 574.09 593.58 592.83 597.66

Transportation and warehousing

24.44 26.19 26.47 26.69 938.50 989.98 1,000.57 1,008.88

Utilities

40.18 42.27 42.15 42.25 1,703.63 1,792.25 1,787.16 1,774.50

Information

36.65 37.79 38.26 38.77 1,337.73 1,368.00 1,381.19 1,399.60

Financial activities

30.54 32.46 32.52 32.84 1,139.14 1,214.00 1,213.00 1,224.93

Professional and business services

31.01 32.62 32.66 32.73 1,128.76 1,187.37 1,188.82 1,194.65

Education and health services

27.67 28.97 29.07 29.08 902.04 944.42 947.68 948.01

Leisure and hospitality

16.65 17.82 17.92 17.97 416.25 436.59 439.04 442.06

Other services

23.91 24.64 24.58 24.75 750.77 768.77 766.90 774.68

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)
Percent change from:
Aug.
2022 - Sept.
2022(p)
Sept.
2021
July
2022
Aug.
2022(p)
Sept.
2022(p)
Percent change from:
Aug.
2022 - Sept.
2022(p)

Total private

116.8 120.2 120.1 120.7 0.5 204.9 221.4 222.1 224.0 0.9

Goods-producing

91.6 94.3 94.3 94.7 0.4 150.4 161.8 162.4 163.9 0.9

Mining and logging

107.4 120.6 118.4 118.9 0.4 195.9 232.0 228.2 228.3 0.0

Construction

110.9 112.5 112.6 112.9 0.3 184.2 196.8 198.4 200.1 0.9

Manufacturing

82.1 85.0 85.0 85.3 0.4 129.4 139.2 139.5 140.8 0.9

Durable goods

82.2 85.9 85.8 86.2 0.5 128.9 140.3 140.7 141.9 0.9

Nondurable goods

81.5 83.4 83.1 83.5 0.5 129.6 137.0 136.7 138.0 1.0

Private service-providing

123.5 127.4 127.3 128.0 0.5 221.5 240.2 240.7 242.8 0.9

Trade, transportation, and utilities

113.1 115.4 115.3 115.6 0.3 183.6 197.7 198.3 199.7 0.7

Wholesale trade

105.2 108.8 108.1 108.3 0.2 174.4 188.2 187.4 188.7 0.7

Retail trade

102.8 103.3 103.1 103.8 0.7 164.8 173.4 173.5 174.9 0.8

Transportation and warehousing

156.3 162.5 163.0 163.0 0.0 243.1 270.9 274.7 277.0 0.8

Utilities

93.1 94.3 94.1 93.1 -1.1 156.2 166.3 165.6 164.2 -0.8

Information

95.2 99.7 99.5 99.8 0.3 172.7 186.6 188.5 191.5 1.6

Financial activities

116.4 118.7 118.4 118.5 0.1 218.6 237.1 237.0 239.4 1.0

Professional and business services

141.2 145.6 145.9 146.6 0.5 260.4 282.4 283.4 285.4 0.7

Education and health services

144.1 148.0 148.3 148.8 0.3 263.1 283.1 284.6 285.5 0.3

Leisure and hospitality

114.8 122.5 123.0 124.0 0.8 217.1 248.0 250.3 253.1 1.1

Other services

99.0 101.6 101.7 102.4 0.7 172.5 182.4 182.1 184.6 1.4

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Last Modified Date: October 07, 2022