Employment Situation News Release

Economic News Release

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CPS

CES

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-17-1070
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, August 4, 2017

Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378 * cpsinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data (202) 691-6555 * cesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JULY 2017

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 209,000 in July, and the unemployment rate
was little changed at 4.3 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
Employment increased in food services and drinking places, professional and business
services, and health care.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.3 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 7.0
million, changed little in July. After declining earlier in the year, the unemployment
rate has shown little movement in recent months. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent), adult
women (4.0 percent), teenagers (13.2 percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (7.4 percent),
Asians (3.8 percent), and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed little or no change in July.
(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or
more) was little changed at 1.8 million in July and accounted for 25.9 percent of the
unemployed. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, changed little in July and has shown
little movement on net over the past year. The employment-population ratio (60.2 percent)
was also little changed in July but is up by 0.4 percentage point over the year.
(See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers), at 5.3 million, was essentially unchanged in July. These
individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because
their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job.
(See table A-8.)

In July, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 321,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in
the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in
the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 536,000 discouraged workers in July, essentially
unchanged over the year. Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work
because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons
marginally attached to the labor force in July had not searched for work for reasons such
as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 209,000 in July. Job gains occurred in food
services and drinking places, professional and business services, and health care.
Employment growth has averaged 184,000 per month thus far this year, in line with the
average monthly gain in 2016 (+187,000). (See table B-1.)

Employment in food services and drinking places rose by 53,000 in July. The industry has
added 313,000 jobs over the year.

Professional and business services added 49,000 jobs in July, in line with its average
monthly job gain over the prior 12 months.

In July, health care employment increased by 39,000, with job gains occurring in ambulatory
health care services (+30,000) and hospitals (+7,000). Health care has added 327,000 jobs
over the past year.

Employment in mining was essentially unchanged in July (+1,000). From a recent low in
October 2016 through June, the industry had added an average of 7,000 jobs per month.

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale
trade, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities,
and government, showed little change over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5
hours in July. In manufacturing, the workweek was also unchanged at 40.9 hours, and
overtime remained at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 33.7 hours for the fourth consecutive month.
(See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In July, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 9
cents to $26.36. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 65 cents, or 2.5
percent. In July, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees increased by 6 cents to $22.10. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for May was revised down from +152,000 to
+145,000, and the change for June was revised up from +222,000 to +231,000. With these
revisions, employment gains in May and June combined were 2,000 more than previously
reported. Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and
government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of
seasonal factors. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 195,000 per month.

_____________
The Employment Situation for August is scheduled to be released on Friday,
September 1, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

________________________________________________________________________________________
| |
| 2017 CES Preliminary Benchmark Revision will be released on September 6, 2017 |
| |
| Each year, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey estimates are benchmarked |
| to comprehensive counts of employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and |
| Wages (QCEW) for the month of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment |
| insurance (UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to file. On |
| September 6, 2017, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT), the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will |
| release the preliminary estimate of the upcoming annual benchmark revision to the |
| establishment survey employment series. This is the same day the first-quarter 2017 |
| data from the QCEW will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for all major |
| industry sectors, as well as total nonfarm and total private levels, will be available |
| on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm. |
| |
| The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2018 |
| Employment Situation news release in February 2018. |
|________________________________________________________________________________________|

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017	Change from: June 2017- July 2017
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	253,620	254,767	254,957	255,151	194
Civilian labor force	159,295	159,784	160,145	160,494	349
Participation rate	62.8	62.7	62.8	62.9	0.1
Employed	151,546	152,923	153,168	153,513	345
Employment-population ratio	59.8	60.0	60.1	60.2	0.1
Unemployed	7,749	6,861	6,977	6,981	4
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.3	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Not in labor force	94,325	94,983	94,813	94,657	-156

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.9	4.3	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	4.6	3.8	4.0	4.0	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	4.3	4.0	4.0	4.0	0.0
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	15.6	14.3	13.3	13.2	-0.1
White	4.3	3.7	3.8	3.8	0.0
Black or African American	8.4	7.5	7.1	7.4	0.3
Asian	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.8	0.2
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.4	5.2	4.8	5.1	0.3

Total, 25 years and over	4.0	3.6	3.7	3.6	-0.1
Less than a high school diploma	6.3	6.1	6.4	6.9	0.5
High school graduates, no college	5.0	4.7	4.6	4.5	-0.1
Some college or associate degree	4.2	4.0	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.5	2.3	2.4	2.4	0.0

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,711	3,327	3,444	3,378	-66
Job leavers	837	804	820	757	-63
Reentrants	2,299	2,100	2,043	2,083	40
New entrants	822	656	682	703	21

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,147	2,154	2,305	2,133	-172
5 to 14 weeks	2,274	1,960	1,933	2,017	84
15 to 26 weeks	1,158	1,157	948	957	9
27 weeks and over	2,017	1,663	1,664	1,785	121

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	5,936	5,219	5,326	5,282	-44
Slack work or business conditions	3,629	3,082	3,286	3,161	-125
Could only find part-time work	1,979	1,789	1,727	1,754	27
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,729	21,020	20,791	21,260	469

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,950	1,475	1,582	1,629	-
Discouraged workers	591	355	514	536	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	291	145	231	209
Total private	249	153	194	205
Goods-producing	26	13	32	22
Mining and logging	-4	6	5	0
Construction	18	7	15	6
Manufacturing	12	0	12	16
Durable goods(1)	9	5	16	13
Motor vehicles and parts	11.9	0.5	-0.2	1.6
Nondurable goods	3	-5	-4	3
Private service-providing	223	140	162	183
Wholesale trade	3.5	-1.8	10.3	6.1
Retail trade	18.6	-10.4	1.8	0.9
Transportation and warehousing	13.6	13.6	6.1	0.9
Utilities	0.6	-1.7	0.8	-0.9
Information	-2	-5	2	4
Financial activities	20	10	13	6
Professional and business services(1)	84	50	32	49
Temporary help services	16.4	15.3	2.9	14.7
Education and health services(1)	41	37	43	54
Health care and social assistance	54.2	29.7	55.2	45.0
Leisure and hospitality	42	33	40	62
Other services	2	15	13	1
Government	42	-8	37	4

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	210	134	194	195
Total private	178	135	180	184

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.6	49.5	49.5	49.5
Total private women employees	48.2	48.1	48.1	48.1
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.3	82.4	82.4	82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.4	34.5	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$25.71	$26.22	$26.27	$26.36
Average weekly earnings	$884.42	$901.97	$906.32	$909.42
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	105.5	106.9	107.4	107.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	-0.2	0.5	0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	129.7	134.0	134.9	135.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.5	-0.1	0.7	0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (261 industries)	62.1	54.4	62.5	63.2
Manufacturing (78 industries)	46.8	42.9	60.3	59.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 634,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	253,620	254,957	255,151	253,620	254,414	254,588	254,767	254,957	255,151
Civilian labor force	160,705	161,337	161,911	159,295	160,201	160,213	159,784	160,145	160,494
Participation rate	63.4	63.3	63.5	62.8	63.0	62.9	62.7	62.8	62.9
Employed	152,437	154,086	154,470	151,546	153,000	153,156	152,923	153,168	153,513
Employment-population ratio	60.1	60.4	60.5	59.8	60.1	60.2	60.0	60.1	60.2
Unemployed	8,267	7,250	7,441	7,749	7,202	7,056	6,861	6,977	6,981
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.5	4.6	4.9	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.3
Not in labor force	92,916	93,621	93,240	94,325	94,213	94,375	94,983	94,813	94,657
Persons who currently want a job	6,244	5,725	5,713	5,892	5,781	5,707	5,561	5,431	5,420

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,539	123,215	123,311	122,539	122,945	123,032	123,120	123,215	123,311
Civilian labor force	86,130	85,970	86,212	84,818	85,076	85,175	84,896	84,992	84,989
Participation rate	70.3	69.8	69.9	69.2	69.2	69.2	69.0	69.0	68.9
Employed	81,823	82,230	82,484	80,544	81,136	81,419	81,290	81,290	81,273
Employment-population ratio	66.8	66.7	66.9	65.7	66.0	66.2	66.0	66.0	65.9
Unemployed	4,308	3,740	3,728	4,274	3,940	3,755	3,606	3,702	3,715
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.4	4.3	5.0	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.4
Not in labor force	36,409	37,245	37,099	37,721	37,870	37,857	38,224	38,223	38,323

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	114,058	114,721	114,817	114,058	114,455	114,538	114,627	114,721	114,817
Civilian labor force	82,393	82,394	82,656	81,818	82,046	82,091	81,942	81,975	82,108
Participation rate	72.2	71.8	72.0	71.7	71.7	71.7	71.5	71.5	71.5
Employed	78,695	79,267	79,457	78,042	78,556	78,838	78,801	78,707	78,830
Employment-population ratio	69.0	69.1	69.2	68.4	68.6	68.8	68.7	68.6	68.7
Unemployed	3,698	3,126	3,199	3,775	3,491	3,253	3,141	3,268	3,278
Unemployment rate	4.5	3.8	3.9	4.6	4.3	4.0	3.8	4.0	4.0
Not in labor force	31,665	32,327	32,161	32,240	32,409	32,447	32,685	32,746	32,709

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	131,081	131,742	131,840	131,081	131,469	131,556	131,647	131,742	131,840
Civilian labor force	74,574	75,366	75,699	74,477	75,126	75,038	74,887	75,153	75,505
Participation rate	56.9	57.2	57.4	56.8	57.1	57.0	56.9	57.0	57.3
Employed	70,615	71,856	71,986	71,002	71,863	71,737	71,633	71,878	72,240
Employment-population ratio	53.9	54.5	54.6	54.2	54.7	54.5	54.4	54.6	54.8
Unemployed	3,960	3,510	3,713	3,475	3,262	3,301	3,255	3,274	3,265
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.3
Not in labor force	56,507	56,376	56,141	56,604	56,343	56,518	56,759	56,590	56,334

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,835	123,480	123,577	122,835	123,212	123,296	123,386	123,480	123,577
Civilian labor force	71,092	71,844	72,127	71,588	72,160	72,136	71,988	72,149	72,526
Participation rate	57.9	58.2	58.4	58.3	58.6	58.5	58.3	58.4	58.7
Employed	67,702	68,855	68,860	68,534	69,271	69,213	69,105	69,241	69,599
Employment-population ratio	55.1	55.8	55.7	55.8	56.2	56.1	56.0	56.1	56.3
Unemployed	3,389	2,989	3,267	3,054	2,890	2,922	2,883	2,907	2,927
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.2	4.5	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.0
Not in labor force	51,743	51,637	51,450	51,246	51,052	51,161	51,398	51,332	51,051

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,728	16,756	16,757	16,728	16,747	16,754	16,754	16,756	16,757
Civilian labor force	7,220	7,099	7,128	5,889	5,995	5,986	5,854	6,021	5,860
Participation rate	43.2	42.4	42.5	35.2	35.8	35.7	34.9	35.9	35.0
Employed	6,040	5,964	6,154	4,969	5,173	5,105	5,017	5,220	5,084
Employment-population ratio	36.1	35.6	36.7	29.7	30.9	30.5	29.9	31.2	30.3
Unemployed	1,179	1,135	974	920	822	881	837	801	775
Unemployment rate	16.3	16.0	13.7	15.6	13.7	14.7	14.3	13.3	13.2
Not in labor force	9,508	9,657	9,629	10,838	10,752	10,768	10,901	10,735	10,898
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	198,253	198,872	198,974	198,253	198,604	198,685	198,775	198,872	198,974
Civilian labor force	125,849	125,770	126,046	124,769	125,046	124,925	124,481	124,890	124,968
Participation rate	63.5	63.2	63.3	62.9	63.0	62.9	62.6	62.8	62.8
Employed	120,140	120,768	121,029	119,412	120,180	120,142	119,896	120,091	120,262
Employment-population ratio	60.6	60.7	60.8	60.2	60.5	60.5	60.3	60.4	60.4
Unemployed	5,709	5,002	5,017	5,357	4,866	4,783	4,585	4,799	4,706
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.0	4.0	4.3	3.9	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.8
Not in labor force	72,404	73,102	72,928	73,484	73,557	73,760	74,294	73,982	74,006
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,659	65,494	65,555	65,208	65,219	65,306	65,217	65,225	65,141
Participation rate	72.5	72.0	72.1	72.0	71.9	71.9	71.8	71.8	71.6
Employed	63,059	63,269	63,394	62,540	62,850	63,053	62,999	62,886	62,904
Employment-population ratio	69.6	69.6	69.7	69.0	69.2	69.4	69.3	69.2	69.2
Unemployed	2,601	2,225	2,161	2,668	2,369	2,253	2,218	2,339	2,238
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.4	3.3	4.1	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.6	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,510	54,775	55,081	54,940	55,153	54,983	54,785	55,015	55,393
Participation rate	57.2	57.3	57.6	57.6	57.8	57.6	57.3	57.5	57.9
Employed	52,239	52,765	52,839	52,910	53,211	53,049	52,927	53,100	53,420
Employment-population ratio	54.8	55.2	55.2	55.5	55.7	55.5	55.4	55.5	55.8
Unemployed	2,271	2,010	2,242	2,030	1,942	1,935	1,858	1,915	1,973
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.7	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	5,680	5,501	5,411	4,621	4,674	4,635	4,479	4,650	4,433
Participation rate	46.0	44.6	43.8	37.4	37.9	37.5	36.3	37.7	35.9
Employed	4,843	4,733	4,796	3,962	4,119	4,040	3,970	4,105	3,938
Employment-population ratio	39.2	38.4	38.9	32.1	33.4	32.7	32.2	33.3	31.9
Unemployed	837	768	615	659	555	595	508	545	495
Unemployment rate	14.7	14.0	11.4	14.3	11.9	12.8	11.4	11.7	11.2

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	31,904	32,226	32,260	31,904	32,128	32,161	32,193	32,226	32,260
Civilian labor force	19,753	20,132	20,309	19,548	20,002	20,110	20,075	20,002	20,096
Participation rate	61.9	62.5	63.0	61.3	62.3	62.5	62.4	62.1	62.3
Employed	18,004	18,686	18,719	17,915	18,409	18,514	18,560	18,576	18,617
Employment-population ratio	56.4	58.0	58.0	56.2	57.3	57.6	57.7	57.6	57.7
Unemployed	1,750	1,446	1,590	1,633	1,593	1,597	1,515	1,426	1,479
Unemployment rate	8.9	7.2	7.8	8.4	8.0	7.9	7.5	7.1	7.4
Not in labor force	12,151	12,094	11,951	12,356	12,126	12,051	12,118	12,224	12,163
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,067	9,179	9,250	8,993	9,132	9,169	9,063	9,084	9,163
Participation rate	68.3	68.2	68.7	67.7	68.1	68.3	67.5	67.5	68.0
Employed	8,326	8,628	8,598	8,257	8,384	8,496	8,475	8,510	8,522
Employment-population ratio	62.7	64.1	63.8	62.2	62.6	63.3	63.1	63.3	63.3
Unemployed	741	551	652	737	747	673	588	574	641
Unemployment rate	8.2	6.0	7.0	8.2	8.2	7.3	6.5	6.3	7.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,822	10,080	10,118	9,856	10,173	10,168	10,224	10,143	10,170
Participation rate	61.0	62.0	62.2	61.2	62.7	62.7	62.9	62.4	62.5
Employed	9,058	9,408	9,420	9,141	9,497	9,470	9,513	9,455	9,511
Employment-population ratio	56.2	57.9	57.9	56.7	58.6	58.4	58.6	58.1	58.4
Unemployed	764	672	698	715	676	698	712	689	660
Unemployment rate	7.8	6.7	6.9	7.3	6.6	6.9	7.0	6.8	6.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	864	873	941	698	697	773	787	774	763
Participation rate	34.4	34.8	37.5	27.8	27.7	30.8	31.3	30.8	30.4
Employed	620	650	701	518	528	547	572	611	585
Employment-population ratio	24.7	25.9	27.9	20.6	21.0	21.8	22.8	24.3	23.3
Unemployed	244	223	239	180	169	226	215	163	178
Unemployment rate	28.3	25.6	25.4	25.8	24.3	29.3	27.3	21.1	23.3

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	15,211	15,367	15,290	15,211	15,285	15,389	15,433	15,367	15,290
Civilian labor force	9,736	9,848	9,866	9,657	9,635	9,761	9,826	9,792	9,789
Participation rate	64.0	64.1	64.5	63.5	63.0	63.4	63.7	63.7	64.0
Employed	9,341	9,472	9,467	9,288	9,318	9,446	9,471	9,443	9,418
Employment-population ratio	61.4	61.6	61.9	61.1	61.0	61.4	61.4	61.4	61.6
Unemployed	395	377	398	368	317	316	356	350	370
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.3	3.2	3.6	3.6	3.8
Not in labor force	5,475	5,519	5,424	5,554	5,650	5,628	5,607	5,575	5,502
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	40,732	41,323	41,404	40,732	41,081	41,162	41,241	41,323	41,404
Civilian labor force	26,981	27,419	27,677	26,802	27,387	27,241	27,239	27,290	27,487
Participation rate	66.2	66.4	66.8	65.8	66.7	66.2	66.0	66.0	66.4
Employed	25,463	26,076	26,204	25,346	25,986	25,832	25,833	25,974	26,078
Employment-population ratio	62.5	63.1	63.3	62.2	63.3	62.8	62.6	62.9	63.0
Unemployed	1,518	1,343	1,473	1,456	1,402	1,410	1,405	1,315	1,409
Unemployment rate	5.6	4.9	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.2	5.2	4.8	5.1
Not in labor force	13,752	13,904	13,727	13,930	13,694	13,921	14,003	14,034	13,917
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,900	14,990	15,146	14,849	14,957	14,927	14,936	14,976	15,085
Participation rate	81.2	80.6	81.2	80.9	80.9	80.5	80.4	80.5	80.9
Employed	14,242	14,473	14,537	14,135	14,291	14,297	14,304	14,414	14,425
Employment-population ratio	77.6	77.8	78.0	77.0	77.3	77.1	77.0	77.5	77.4
Unemployed	658	518	609	714	666	630	632	562	660
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.5	4.0	4.8	4.5	4.2	4.2	3.8	4.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,747	11,011	11,121	10,806	11,127	11,086	11,062	11,030	11,176
Participation rate	57.8	58.3	58.8	58.1	59.3	59.0	58.7	58.4	59.1
Employed	10,136	10,431	10,486	10,234	10,600	10,493	10,461	10,451	10,580
Employment-population ratio	54.5	55.3	55.4	55.1	56.5	55.8	55.5	55.4	55.9
Unemployed	611	580	635	572	527	593	601	579	596
Unemployment rate	5.7	5.3	5.7	5.3	4.7	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,334	1,418	1,410	1,147	1,304	1,228	1,240	1,284	1,227
Participation rate	35.3	36.9	36.7	30.3	34.1	32.1	32.3	33.4	31.9
Employed	1,085	1,172	1,182	977	1,095	1,042	1,068	1,110	1,073
Employment-population ratio	28.7	30.5	30.7	25.8	28.6	27.2	27.8	28.9	27.9
Unemployed	249	245	229	170	209	186	172	174	154
Unemployment rate	18.7	17.3	16.2	14.8	16.0	15.2	13.9	13.6	12.5
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,409	10,446	10,403	10,630	10,139	10,041	10,299	10,304	10,570
Participation rate	46.0	45.9	46.5	46.9	45.1	44.7	45.1	45.3	47.3
Employed	9,756	9,843	9,695	9,957	9,450	9,385	9,671	9,649	9,842
Employment-population ratio	43.1	43.3	43.4	44.0	42.1	41.8	42.3	42.4	44.0
Unemployed	653	603	708	673	689	656	628	655	728
Unemployment rate	6.3	5.8	6.8	6.3	6.8	6.5	6.1	6.4	6.9

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,495	35,647	35,451	35,614	36,092	36,032	35,909	35,850	35,648
Participation rate	57.0	57.5	57.4	57.2	57.8	57.7	57.6	57.8	57.7
Employed	33,698	34,110	33,852	33,818	34,315	34,374	34,211	34,196	34,038
Employment-population ratio	54.1	55.0	54.8	54.3	54.9	55.1	54.9	55.2	55.1
Unemployed	1,798	1,536	1,599	1,797	1,778	1,658	1,697	1,653	1,610
Unemployment rate	5.1	4.3	4.5	5.0	4.9	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.5

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,977	37,513	37,485	37,854	37,851	37,850	37,433	37,579	37,475
Participation rate	66.5	65.5	65.4	66.3	66.1	65.8	65.9	65.6	65.4
Employed	36,319	36,127	36,033	36,254	36,454	36,465	35,941	36,150	36,077
Employment-population ratio	63.6	63.1	62.9	63.5	63.7	63.4	63.3	63.1	63.0
Unemployed	1,658	1,386	1,451	1,600	1,397	1,385	1,492	1,429	1,397
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.7	3.9	4.2	3.7	3.7	4.0	3.8	3.7

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	53,720	55,012	55,465	54,058	54,653	54,764	55,039	55,283	55,696
Participation rate	73.4	73.6	73.4	73.9	73.9	74.0	73.8	73.9	73.7
Employed	52,209	53,676	54,000	52,699	53,308	53,426	53,760	53,982	54,378
Employment-population ratio	71.4	71.8	71.5	72.0	72.0	72.2	72.1	72.2	72.0
Unemployed	1,511	1,336	1,465	1,359	1,345	1,338	1,278	1,302	1,318
Unemployment rate	2.8	2.4	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.4
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	20,883	20,553	18,868	18,522	2,015	2,031
Civilian labor force	10,621	10,057	9,407	8,861	1,213	1,195
Participation rate	50.9	48.9	49.9	47.8	60.2	58.8
Employed	10,121	9,700	8,992	8,540	1,129	1,160
Employment-population ratio	48.5	47.2	47.7	46.1	56.0	57.1
Unemployed	499	356	415	321	84	35
Unemployment rate	4.7	3.5	4.4	3.6	6.9	2.9
Not in labor force	10,262	10,496	9,461	9,661	802	836

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,892	4,131	3,173	3,369	719	762
Civilian labor force	3,207	3,314	2,690	2,776	517	537
Participation rate	82.4	80.2	84.8	82.4	72.0	70.5
Employed	3,019	3,160	2,535	2,642	484	518
Employment-population ratio	77.6	76.5	79.9	78.4	67.4	68.0
Unemployed	188	153	155	134	33	19
Unemployment rate	5.9	4.6	5.8	4.8	6.4	3.6
Not in labor force	685	817	483	593	202	225

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,366	3,341	2,886	2,870	480	471
Civilian labor force	2,668	2,596	2,336	2,255	332	341
Participation rate	79.3	77.7	81.0	78.6	69.2	72.4
Employed	2,543	2,507	2,241	2,171	303	336
Employment-population ratio	75.6	75.0	77.7	75.6	63.0	71.3
Unemployed	125	89	96	84	29	5
Unemployment rate	4.7	3.4	4.1	3.7	8.9	1.5
Not in labor force	697	745	549	615	148	130

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	8,474	8,049	8,170	7,758	304	291
Civilian labor force	2,121	1,813	2,030	1,755	91	58
Participation rate	25.0	22.5	24.9	22.6	29.8	19.9
Employed	2,037	1,749	1,951	1,691	86	58
Employment-population ratio	24.0	21.7	23.9	21.8	28.2	19.9
Unemployed	84	64	79	64	5	0
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.5	3.9	3.6	5.4	-
Not in labor force	6,353	6,236	6,140	6,003	213	233

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,151	5,032	4,639	4,525	512	507
Civilian labor force	2,624	2,333	2,351	2,074	274	259
Participation rate	50.9	46.4	50.7	45.8	53.4	51.1
Employed	2,522	2,284	2,266	2,036	256	248
Employment-population ratio	49.0	45.4	48.8	45.0	50.1	48.9
Unemployed	102	49	85	39	17	11
Unemployment rate	3.9	2.1	3.6	1.9	6.2	4.2
Not in labor force	2,527	2,699	2,288	2,451	238	248

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	223,769	225,662	99,175	100,240	124,594	125,422
Civilian labor force	147,286	149,056	75,343	76,042	71,944	73,014
Participation rate	65.8	66.1	76.0	75.9	57.7	58.2
Employed	140,007	142,454	71,665	72,876	68,342	69,578
Employment-population ratio	62.6	63.1	72.3	72.7	54.9	55.5
Unemployed	7,280	6,602	3,678	3,166	3,602	3,436
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.4	4.9	4.2	5.0	4.7
Not in labor force	76,483	76,606	23,832	24,198	52,651	52,408
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,214	30,414	223,406	224,737
Civilian labor force	6,150	6,333	154,555	155,578
Participation rate	20.4	20.8	69.2	69.2
Employed	5,467	5,723	146,970	148,747
Employment-population ratio	18.1	18.8	65.8	66.2
Unemployed	682	610	7,585	6,831
Unemployment rate	11.1	9.6	4.9	4.4
Not in labor force	24,064	24,081	68,851	69,159

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,836	2,872	78,023	78,120
Participation rate	35.7	35.8	83.8	83.9
Employed	2,534	2,572	74,231	74,842
Employment-population ratio	31.9	32.1	79.7	80.4
Unemployed	302	300	3,792	3,277
Unemployment rate	10.7	10.4	4.9	4.2
Not in labor force	5,103	5,149	15,115	15,016

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,216	2,390	68,250	69,074
Participation rate	28.1	30.4	70.7	71.5
Employed	1,910	2,147	64,822	65,764
Employment-population ratio	24.3	27.3	67.1	68.1
Unemployed	306	243	3,428	3,310
Unemployment rate	13.8	10.2	5.0	4.8
Not in labor force	5,656	5,474	28,335	27,500

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,098	1,071	8,282	8,384
Participation rate	7.6	7.4	24.6	23.9
Employed	1,023	1,004	7,917	8,140
Employment-population ratio	7.1	6.9	23.5	23.2
Unemployed	75	67	365	244
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.3	4.4	2.9
Not in labor force	13,306	13,458	25,402	26,642
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	41,311	41,452	19,979	20,085	21,332	21,367
Civilian labor force	27,132	27,536	15,779	15,801	11,353	11,735
Participation rate	65.7	66.4	79.0	78.7	53.2	54.9
Employed	25,984	26,438	15,204	15,290	10,779	11,148
Employment-population ratio	62.9	63.8	76.1	76.1	50.5	52.2
Unemployed	1,149	1,098	575	511	574	587
Unemployment rate	4.2	4.0	3.6	3.2	5.1	5.0
Not in labor force	14,178	13,916	4,200	4,283	9,979	9,632

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	212,310	213,699	102,561	103,227	109,749	110,472
Civilian labor force	133,572	134,375	70,351	70,411	63,221	63,964
Participation rate	62.9	62.9	68.6	68.2	57.6	57.9
Employed	126,453	128,033	66,618	67,194	59,835	60,838
Employment-population ratio	59.6	59.9	65.0	65.1	54.5	55.1
Unemployed	7,119	6,342	3,733	3,216	3,386	3,126
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.7	5.3	4.6	5.4	4.9
Not in labor force	78,737	79,324	32,209	32,816	46,528	46,508
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,597	2,612	2,506	2,379	2,499	2,646	2,507	2,457	2,317
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,763	1,730	1,739	1,592	1,647	1,730	1,645	1,611	1,582
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	809	858	737	765	853	879	833	818	708
Unpaid family workers	25	23	30	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	149,840	151,475	151,964	149,136	150,429	150,481	150,417	150,848	151,208
Wage and salary workers(1)	140,983	142,483	143,372	140,486	141,663	141,931	141,849	141,989	142,714
Government	19,605	20,477	20,161	20,508	20,858	20,683	20,772	20,868	21,052
Private industries	121,378	122,006	123,211	119,947	120,904	121,281	121,096	121,053	121,627
Private households	756	630	686	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	120,621	121,376	122,525	119,222	120,148	120,592	120,441	120,457	120,964
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,777	8,924	8,538	8,659	8,707	8,489	8,550	8,753	8,475
Unpaid family workers	80	67	54	-	-	-	-	-	-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,157	5,602	5,475	5,936	5,553	5,272	5,219	5,326	5,282
Slack work or business conditions	3,742	3,405	3,233	3,629	3,402	3,174	3,082	3,286	3,161
Could only find part-time work	1,990	1,787	1,763	1,979	1,852	1,802	1,789	1,727	1,754
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,088	19,831	19,707	20,729	20,723	20,700	21,020	20,791	21,260
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,071	5,555	5,430	5,842	5,502	5,197	5,154	5,282	5,231
Slack work or business conditions	3,676	3,370	3,214	3,563	3,386	3,130	3,045	3,249	3,137
Could only find part-time work	1,979	1,783	1,748	1,958	1,842	1,781	1,776	1,720	1,739
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	18,697	19,450	19,385	20,355	20,396	20,349	20,677	20,443	20,909
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	152,437	154,086	154,470	151,546	153,000	153,156	152,923	153,168	153,513
16 to 19 years	6,040	5,964	6,154	4,969	5,173	5,105	5,017	5,220	5,084
16 to 17 years	2,309	2,238	2,316	1,799	1,904	1,884	1,888	1,931	1,816
18 to 19 years	3,731	3,727	3,837	3,167	3,269	3,244	3,145	3,285	3,265
20 years and over	146,397	148,122	148,317	146,576	147,826	148,051	147,906	147,949	148,429
20 to 24 years	14,416	14,366	14,737	13,878	14,198	14,247	14,177	13,992	14,199
25 years and over	131,981	133,756	133,580	132,778	133,639	133,741	133,647	134,010	134,349
25 to 54 years	97,628	98,572	98,476	98,075	98,557	98,649	98,481	98,666	98,906
25 to 34 years	33,694	34,397	34,376	33,823	34,460	34,413	34,160	34,404	34,500
35 to 44 years	31,453	31,896	31,728	31,628	31,592	31,745	31,794	31,913	31,889
45 to 54 years	32,481	32,278	32,371	32,624	32,506	32,491	32,527	32,349	32,517
55 years and over	34,353	35,184	35,104	34,702	35,081	35,092	35,166	35,344	35,442

Men, 16 years and over	81,823	82,230	82,484	80,544	81,136	81,419	81,290	81,290	81,273
16 to 19 years	3,128	2,963	3,028	2,501	2,581	2,581	2,489	2,583	2,443
16 to 17 years	1,165	1,061	1,068	861	947	957	884	893	798
18 to 19 years	1,962	1,902	1,960	1,637	1,636	1,631	1,614	1,677	1,643
20 years and over	78,695	79,267	79,457	78,042	78,556	78,838	78,801	78,707	78,830
20 to 24 years	7,511	7,484	7,745	7,126	7,241	7,293	7,335	7,240	7,351
25 years and over	71,184	71,783	71,711	71,000	71,315	71,532	71,422	71,488	71,551
25 to 54 years	52,623	52,898	52,875	52,405	52,640	52,770	52,678	52,657	52,692
25 to 34 years	18,285	18,556	18,557	18,200	18,445	18,426	18,362	18,425	18,473
35 to 44 years	17,101	17,300	17,184	17,038	17,086	17,217	17,169	17,226	17,129
45 to 54 years	17,237	17,042	17,135	17,167	17,108	17,127	17,147	17,006	17,091
55 years and over	18,561	18,885	18,836	18,595	18,675	18,762	18,743	18,831	18,858

Women, 16 years and over	70,615	71,856	71,986	71,002	71,863	71,737	71,633	71,878	72,240
16 to 19 years	2,912	3,002	3,126	2,468	2,593	2,524	2,528	2,637	2,641
16 to 17 years	1,143	1,177	1,248	938	956	927	1,004	1,038	1,018
18 to 19 years	1,769	1,825	1,878	1,530	1,633	1,614	1,531	1,608	1,621
20 years and over	67,702	68,855	68,860	68,534	69,271	69,213	69,105	69,241	69,599
20 to 24 years	6,905	6,882	6,991	6,752	6,958	6,954	6,842	6,752	6,849
25 years and over	60,797	61,973	61,869	61,777	62,324	62,209	62,226	62,522	62,798
25 to 54 years	45,005	45,673	45,600	45,670	45,918	45,879	45,803	46,010	46,214
25 to 34 years	15,409	15,842	15,819	15,623	16,014	15,987	15,798	15,980	16,027
35 to 44 years	14,352	14,596	14,544	14,590	14,505	14,528	14,624	14,687	14,760
45 to 54 years	15,244	15,236	15,236	15,457	15,398	15,364	15,380	15,343	15,427
55 years and over	15,792	16,300	16,269	16,107	16,406	16,330	16,423	16,513	16,584

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,447	45,980	45,484	45,499	45,907	46,029	45,784	45,913	45,574
Married women, spouse present(1)	34,540	35,415	35,152	35,329	35,992	35,918	36,121	35,803	35,946
Women who maintain families(2)	9,809	9,447	9,654	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	125,507	127,337	127,542	123,888	125,507	125,987	125,620	125,975	125,921
Part-time workers(4)	26,930	26,749	26,929	27,583	27,603	27,233	27,366	27,142	27,535

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,190	7,425	7,303	7,442	7,960	7,683	7,589	7,639	7,589
Percent of total employed	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.9	5.2	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,468	5,611	5,752	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,586	9,783	9,275	9,424	9,560	9,368	9,383	9,571	9,183
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	7,749	6,977	6,981	4.9	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.3
16 to 19 years	920	801	775	15.6	13.7	14.7	14.3	13.3	13.2
16 to 17 years	326	312	332	15.3	17.4	16.8	13.1	13.9	15.5
18 to 19 years	590	498	428	15.7	11.2	12.5	14.6	13.2	11.6
20 years and over	6,829	6,175	6,205	4.5	4.1	4.0	3.9	4.0	4.0
20 to 24 years	1,347	1,130	1,133	8.9	7.3	7.3	6.7	7.5	7.4
25 years and over	5,472	5,078	5,078	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6
25 to 54 years	4,140	3,902	3,914	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
25 to 34 years	1,789	1,575	1,652	5.0	4.5	4.4	4.9	4.4	4.6
35 to 44 years	1,151	1,113	1,184	3.5	3.9	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.6
45 to 54 years	1,200	1,214	1,078	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.2
55 years and over	1,324	1,160	1,162	3.7	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.2

Men, 16 years and over	4,274	3,702	3,715	5.0	4.6	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.4
16 to 19 years	499	434	437	16.6	14.8	16.3	15.7	14.4	15.2
16 to 17 years	154	151	174	15.1	17.7	15.9	13.7	14.4	17.9
18 to 19 years	342	292	254	17.3	12.8	15.3	16.4	14.8	13.4
20 years and over	3,775	3,268	3,278	4.6	4.3	4.0	3.8	4.0	4.0
20 to 24 years	791	666	642	10.0	8.5	8.4	7.9	8.4	8.0
25 years and over	2,980	2,607	2,634	4.0	3.8	3.5	3.4	3.5	3.6
25 to 54 years	2,239	2,024	2,068	4.1	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.8
25 to 34 years	961	868	871	5.0	4.8	4.4	4.6	4.5	4.5
35 to 44 years	618	560	624	3.5	3.8	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.5
45 to 54 years	660	596	573	3.7	3.1	2.8	3.0	3.4	3.2
55 years and over	741	583	566	3.8	3.4	3.2	2.9	3.0	2.9

Women, 16 years and over	3,475	3,274	3,265	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.3
16 to 19 years	421	367	338	14.6	12.6	13.1	12.8	12.2	11.3
16 to 17 years	172	162	158	15.5	17.0	17.6	12.6	13.5	13.5
18 to 19 years	248	206	174	13.9	9.6	9.5	12.6	11.3	9.7
20 years and over	3,054	2,907	2,927	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.0	4.0	4.0
20 to 24 years	557	464	491	7.6	6.0	6.1	5.3	6.4	6.7
25 years and over	2,492	2,471	2,444	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.7
25 to 54 years	1,901	1,878	1,846	4.0	3.9	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8
25 to 34 years	829	707	781	5.0	4.2	4.4	5.1	4.2	4.6
35 to 44 years	533	553	560	3.5	4.1	3.9	3.7	3.6	3.7
45 to 54 years	540	618	505	3.4	3.4	4.0	3.5	3.9	3.2
55 years and over	564	581	578	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.4

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,232	1,052	1,110	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.4
Married women, spouse present(1)	1,101	1,030	1,060	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.8	2.9
Women who maintain families(2)	765	703	703	7.2	5.5	6.0	6.8	6.9	6.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	6,333	5,775	5,717	4.9	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.4	4.3
Part-time workers(4)	1,439	1,194	1,291	5.0	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.2	4.5
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,869	3,359	3,519	3,711	3,519	3,538	3,327	3,444	3,378
On temporary layoff	1,165	926	1,226	1,000	953	934	814	900	1,044
Not on temporary layoff	2,704	2,433	2,293	2,712	2,567	2,604	2,513	2,545	2,334
Permanent job losers	2,014	1,700	1,666	2,002	1,819	1,806	1,741	1,758	1,676
Persons who completed temporary jobs	690	733	627	710	748	799	772	787	658
Job leavers	865	779	775	837	798	789	804	820	757
Reentrants	2,429	2,131	2,206	2,299	2,066	2,032	2,100	2,043	2,083
New entrants	1,104	981	941	822	790	712	656	682	703

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	46.8	46.3	47.3	48.4	49.1	50.0	48.3	49.3	48.8
On temporary layoff	14.1	12.8	16.5	13.0	13.3	13.2	11.8	12.9	15.1
Not on temporary layoff	32.7	33.6	30.8	35.4	35.8	36.8	36.5	36.4	33.7
Job leavers	10.5	10.7	10.4	10.9	11.1	11.2	11.7	11.7	10.9
Reentrants	29.4	29.4	29.7	30.0	28.8	28.7	30.5	29.2	30.1
New entrants	13.4	13.5	12.6	10.7	11.0	10.1	9.5	9.8	10.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.1
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,476	3,057	2,364	2,147	2,334	2,335	2,154	2,305	2,133
5 to 14 weeks	2,731	1,739	2,432	2,274	2,109	2,135	1,960	1,933	2,017
15 weeks and over	3,060	2,454	2,645	3,175	2,802	2,734	2,820	2,612	2,742
15 to 26 weeks	1,033	867	843	1,158	1,115	1,108	1,157	948	957
27 weeks and over	2,027	1,587	1,802	2,017	1,687	1,626	1,663	1,664	1,785

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	26.3	22.9	23.6	28.0	25.3	24.1	24.7	24.7	24.9
Median duration, in weeks	9.6	7.6	9.1	11.5	10.3	10.2	10.4	9.6	10.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	30.0	42.2	31.8	28.3	32.2	32.4	31.1	33.6	30.9
5 to 14 weeks	33.0	24.0	32.7	29.9	29.1	29.6	28.3	28.2	29.3
15 weeks and over	37.0	33.8	35.5	41.8	38.7	38.0	40.7	38.1	39.8
15 to 26 weeks	12.5	12.0	11.3	15.2	15.4	15.4	16.7	13.8	13.9
27 weeks and over	24.5	21.9	24.2	26.6	23.3	22.6	24.0	24.3	25.9
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017
Total, 16 years and over(1)	152,437	154,470	8,267	7,441	5.1	4.6
Management, professional, and related occupations	58,434	59,923	1,782	1,656	3.0	2.7
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	24,755	25,226	609	489	2.4	1.9
Professional and related occupations	33,678	34,698	1,174	1,166	3.4	3.3
Service occupations	28,293	27,942	1,626	1,489	5.4	5.1
Sales and office occupations	33,766	34,014	1,691	1,446	4.8	4.1
Sales and related occupations	16,031	15,882	828	692	4.9	4.2
Office and administrative support occupations	17,734	18,132	863	754	4.6	4.0
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	14,467	14,383	769	789	5.0	5.2
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,221	1,259	99	103	7.5	7.6
Construction and extraction occupations	8,354	8,110	463	545	5.3	6.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,892	5,013	207	141	4.1	2.7
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17,477	18,208	1,265	1,100	6.8	5.7
Production occupations	8,235	8,607	517	462	5.9	5.1
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,242	9,601	749	638	7.5	6.2
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017
Total, 16 years and over(1)	8,267	7,441	5.1	4.6
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,789	5,230	4.6	4.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	77	32	9.3	4.5
Construction	410	469	4.5	4.9
Manufacturing	669	639	4.3	4.0
Durable goods	461	399	4.6	4.0
Nondurable goods	208	240	3.6	4.1
Wholesale and retail trade	1,048	970	5.2	4.8
Transportation and utilities	313	262	4.9	3.9
Information	149	111	5.7	4.3
Financial activities	237	230	2.4	2.3
Professional and business services	803	687	4.7	4.0
Education and health services	889	830	3.7	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	889	739	6.0	4.9
Other services	306	262	4.4	4.0
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	100	89	5.5	5.0
Government workers	905	872	4.4	4.1
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	370	310	3.7	3.2
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	July 2016	June 2017	July 2017	July 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	June 2017	July 2017
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	1.9	1.5	1.6	2.0	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.6	1.7
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.4	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.1	2.2	2.1
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	5.1	4.5	4.6	4.9	4.5	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.3
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	5.5	4.8	4.9	5.2	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.7	4.7
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	6.3	5.4	5.5	6.0	5.4	5.3	5.2	5.3	5.3
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	10.1	8.9	8.9	9.7	8.9	8.6	8.4	8.6	8.6
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017	July 2016	July 2017
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	92,916	93,240	36,409	37,099	56,507	56,141
Persons who currently want a job	6,244	5,713	2,905	2,600	3,339	3,113
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,950	1,629	1,071	837	879	792
Discouraged workers(2)	591	536	358	276	233	259
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,359	1,093	713	560	646	533

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,190	7,303	3,520	3,680	3,670	3,623
Percent of total employed	4.7	4.7	4.3	4.5	5.2	5.0
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,842	3,938	2,103	2,171	1,739	1,767
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,964	1,979	677	663	1,287	1,316
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	306	352	166	227	139	124
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,000	983	538	588	462	395
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)	Change from: June2017 - July2017(p)
Total nonfarm	144,203	146,784	147,407	146,368	144,457	146,175	146,406	146,615	209
Total private	123,203	124,133	125,145	125,256	122,200	123,858	124,052	124,257	205
Goods-producing	20,082	20,016	20,312	20,382	19,731	19,982	20,014	20,036	22

Mining and logging	672	703	716	723	664	707	712	712	0
Logging	52.8	49.4	50.9	51.1	51.1	50.8	50.3	49.4	-0.9
Mining	619.3	653.1	665.0	671.6	612.6	656.0	661.7	662.9	1.2
Oil and gas extraction	179.6	177.4	179.9	180.0	177.6	178.4	178.7	178.0	-0.7
Mining, except oil and gas	181.5	186.8	188.9	189.4	177.9	184.8	185.2	185.8	0.6
Coal mining	48.4	50.4	50.9	50.3	48.7	50.8	50.8	50.6	-0.2
Metal ore mining	39.0	38.5	39.3	39.5	38.8	38.8	39.0	39.3	0.3
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	94.1	97.9	98.7	99.6	90.4	95.2	95.4	95.9	0.5
Support activities for mining	258.2	288.9	296.2	302.2	257.1	292.8	297.8	299.1	1.3

Construction	6,971	6,938	7,103	7,157	6,708	6,878	6,893	6,899	6
Construction of buildings	1,536.2	1,525.5	1,557.4	1,573.9	1,490.9	1,526.0	1,523.8	1,529.3	5.5
Residential building	755.3	762.0	777.7	789.4	731.2	763.2	762.1	767.2	5.1
Nonresidential building	780.9	763.5	779.7	784.5	759.7	762.8	761.7	762.1	0.4
Heavy and civil engineering construction	1,002.5	999.1	1,025.2	1,033.8	945.8	973.1	974.6	973.4	-1.2
Specialty trade contractors	4,432.4	4,413.5	4,520.3	4,548.8	4,271.2	4,379.2	4,394.6	4,395.8	1.2
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,930.7	1,947.2	1,995.6	2,005.9	1,850.1	1,924.4	1,930.3	1,932.4	2.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,501.7	2,466.3	2,524.7	2,542.9	2,421.1	2,454.8	2,464.3	2,463.4	-0.9

Manufacturing	12,439	12,375	12,493	12,502	12,359	12,397	12,409	12,425	16

Durable goods	7,751	7,731	7,802	7,793	7,723	7,737	7,753	7,766	13
Wood products	396.4	394.7	397.9	397.9	392.2	394.6	394.0	394.3	0.3
Nonmetallic mineral products	415.9	418.4	422.5	422.9	406.5	413.6	413.6	413.8	0.2
Primary metals	376.6	382.0	384.5	384.8	377.3	382.6	384.4	385.0	0.6
Fabricated metal products	1,426.9	1,434.8	1,446.8	1,449.3	1,422.0	1,435.0	1,439.5	1,444.5	5.0
Machinery	1,081.5	1,085.9	1,098.4	1,099.3	1,076.8	1,088.6	1,091.6	1,093.7	2.1
Computer and electronic products	1,053.2	1,034.8	1,044.4	1,046.4	1,046.9	1,036.3	1,038.7	1,040.0	1.3
Computer and peripheral equipment	166.7	161.8	163.0	162.8	164.4	161.5	161.6	160.6	-1.0
Communications equipment	86.3	84.4	85.6	85.6	86.0	84.6	85.0	85.1	0.1
Semiconductors and electronic components	368.0	359.2	362.6	363.5	366.5	360.0	360.7	361.8	1.1
Electronic instruments	397.1	396.2	399.0	400.7	394.9	396.9	397.2	398.7	1.5
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	35.1	33.2	34.2	33.8	35.2	33.3	34.1	33.8	-0.3
Electrical equipment and appliances	385.2	384.9	391.5	393.1	382.7	386.1	389.0	390.4	1.4
Transportation equipment(1)	1,630.5	1,613.4	1,625.2	1,611.9	1,638.4	1,616.6	1,617.1	1,620.9	3.8
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	941.1	941.5	947.9	933.5	951.6	943.1	942.9	944.5	1.6
Furniture and related products	391.6	392.3	396.0	394.3	388.5	392.6	393.3	391.7	-1.6
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	593.6	589.9	595.2	593.3	591.4	591.3	591.5	591.3	-0.2

Nondurable goods	4,688	4,644	4,691	4,709	4,636	4,660	4,656	4,659	3
Food manufacturing	1,592.3	1,572.6	1,602.5	1,615.8	1,561.7	1,590.0	1,587.5	1,586.5	-1.0
Textile mills	113.8	110.4	109.9	109.0	113.6	109.8	109.3	109.0	-0.3
Textile product mills	114.5	111.5	111.8	111.5	114.1	111.7	111.1	111.1	0.0
Apparel	129.0	121.7	121.2	119.4	130.6	122.5	121.7	121.1	-0.6
Paper and paper products	372.7	369.5	369.4	368.7	370.5	369.1	366.6	366.7	0.1
Printing and related support activities	447.1	437.1	439.7	439.9	446.3	437.4	438.2	439.1	0.9
Petroleum and coal products	114.2	112.4	114.5	115.7	111.3	111.6	112.2	112.6	0.4
Chemicals	816.2	817.2	823.1	824.9	811.5	818.0	818.9	819.9	1.0
Plastics and rubber products	704.5	702.3	704.4	705.9	700.5	699.8	701.1	702.0	0.9
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	283.2	288.8	294.7	298.4	275.9	290.4	289.7	290.9	1.2

Private service-providing	103,121	104,117	104,833	104,874	102,469	103,876	104,038	104,221	183

Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,249	27,261	27,418	27,378	27,245	27,362	27,381	27,388	7

Wholesale trade	5,893.5	5,915.0	5,954.7	5,956.3	5,861.2	5,908.1	5,918.4	5,924.5	6.1
Durable goods	2,943.6	2,948.6	2,968.7	2,971.9	2,927.3	2,947.2	2,951.5	2,955.2	3.7
Nondurable goods	2,053.5	2,063.0	2,074.6	2,071.0	2,040.5	2,057.7	2,058.0	2,058.6	0.6
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	896.4	903.4	911.4	913.4	893.4	903.2	908.9	910.7	1.8

Retail trade	15,862.7	15,749.9	15,842.8	15,850.9	15,843.4	15,833.7	15,835.5	15,836.4	0.9
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,996.3	2,018.5	2,025.9	2,031.6	1,979.3	2,011.4	2,011.4	2,015.2	3.8
Automobile dealers	1,287.2	1,304.3	1,305.8	1,308.4	1,281.7	1,303.5	1,302.2	1,303.5	1.3
Other motor vehicle dealers	158.8	162.0	166.7	167.7	149.7	156.4	157.3	157.9	0.6
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	550.3	552.2	553.4	555.5	547.9	551.5	552.0	553.8	1.8
Furniture and home furnishings stores	472.1	477.6	477.0	475.7	476.3	483.2	482.1	480.8	-1.3
Electronics and appliance stores	515.4	498.7	495.1	497.6	527.5	510.9	507.5	506.7	-0.8
Building material and garden supply stores	1,309.9	1,353.6	1,348.1	1,326.0	1,273.9	1,282.8	1,284.8	1,289.8	5.0
Food and beverage stores	3,122.0	3,076.1	3,113.7	3,106.8	3,090.5	3,083.1	3,082.4	3,080.3	-2.1
Health and personal care stores	1,048.2	1,053.6	1,049.2	1,051.7	1,050.7	1,058.5	1,053.0	1,055.9	2.9
Gasoline stations	938.2	941.8	950.9	949.7	926.2	938.8	939.2	938.0	-1.2
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,341.6	1,302.0	1,315.3	1,323.0	1,349.2	1,344.7	1,341.4	1,331.4	-10.0
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	603.9	582.0	584.2	587.6	621.7	602.7	604.3	603.7	-0.6
General merchandise stores	3,138.4	3,056.4	3,083.8	3,099.9	3,172.0	3,121.6	3,130.8	3,135.4	4.6
Department stores	1,282.8	1,232.4	1,245.7	1,259.7	1,307.8	1,278.5	1,282.0	1,284.4	2.4
Other general merchandise stores	1,855.6	1,824.0	1,838.1	1,840.2	1,864.2	1,843.1	1,848.8	1,850.9	2.1
Miscellaneous store retailers	845.3	836.3	840.3	841.5	836.7	832.5	832.8	832.0	-0.8
Nonstore retailers	531.4	553.3	559.3	559.8	539.4	563.5	565.8	567.2	1.4

Transportation and warehousing	4,931.1	5,043.4	5,063.7	5,012.4	4,984.2	5,067.4	5,073.5	5,074.4	0.9
Air transportation	482.1	487.5	490.6	491.4	477.6	485.4	486.3	486.8	0.5
Rail transportation	214.4	209.3	208.7	208.7	214.0	209.4	208.4	208.3	-0.1
Water transportation	69.3	65.9	67.2	67.5	66.3	65.4	64.7	64.5	-0.2
Truck transportation	1,466.6	1,470.7	1,484.9	1,487.6	1,448.5	1,472.2	1,470.2	1,470.6	0.4
Transit and ground passenger transportation	420.9	493.8	470.7	417.6	479.9	474.7	477.2	475.6	-1.6
Pipeline transportation	49.5	47.2	47.3	47.0	49.2	47.1	47.2	46.9	-0.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	46.6	40.0	46.0	47.4	35.2	36.4	36.5	36.0	-0.5
Support activities for transportation	660.6	662.9	666.6	668.4	659.1	665.1	665.3	667.0	1.7
Couriers and messengers	606.3	626.3	638.0	630.8	638.4	662.1	666.0	669.2	3.2
Warehousing and storage	914.8	939.8	943.7	946.0	916.0	949.6	951.7	949.5	-2.2

Utilities	561.5	552.5	556.6	557.9	556.0	552.9	553.7	552.8	-0.9

Information	2,792	2,720	2,738	2,745	2,778	2,724	2,726	2,730	4
Publishing industries, except Internet	734.0	719.3	721.1	724.5	730.3	723.5	721.8	721.2	-0.6
Motion picture and sound recording industries	428.8	409.5	410.5	411.4	421.8	404.7	402.0	404.1	2.1
Broadcasting, except Internet	266.8	259.9	260.1	258.2	267.3	260.8	260.0	259.0	-1.0
Telecommunications	799.5	759.3	766.3	767.0	799.0	761.3	765.4	765.3	-0.1
Data processing, hosting and related services	300.7	302.6	304.9	306.2	300.0	302.7	303.8	305.0	1.2
Other information services	261.9	269.2	275.2	277.6	259.7	271.3	273.0	275.3	2.3

Financial activities	8,380	8,414	8,503	8,528	8,300	8,429	8,442	8,448	6
Finance and insurance	6,175.8	6,224.5	6,264.4	6,280.3	6,149.5	6,239.0	6,245.4	6,254.0	8.6
Monetary authorities - central bank	18.8	18.7	18.9	19.0	18.6	18.8	18.8	18.8	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,626.5	2,649.9	2,667.0	2,672.0	2,614.1	2,654.1	2,657.6	2,660.2	2.6
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,708.3	1,717.3	1,724.4	1,728.3	1,699.7	1,717.2	1,718.7	1,720.0	1.3
Commercial banking	1,313.7	1,317.0	1,321.0	1,323.5	1,308.4	1,317.3	1,318.3	1,317.9	-0.4
Nondepository credit intermediation	611.4	621.2	627.7	629.2	610.5	625.1	627.0	628.9	1.9
Activities related to credit intermediation	306.8	311.4	314.9	314.5	303.9	311.7	312.0	311.3	-0.7
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	937.1	936.3	949.4	955.8	930.4	941.8	945.6	948.1	2.5
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,593.4	2,619.6	2,629.1	2,633.5	2,586.4	2,624.3	2,623.4	2,626.9	3.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,203.8	2,189.9	2,238.7	2,247.2	2,150.3	2,189.6	2,196.1	2,193.8	-2.3
Real estate	1,588.2	1,596.2	1,623.2	1,628.7	1,559.9	1,599.0	1,604.1	1,601.1	-3.0
Rental and leasing services	591.6	570.5	591.8	594.7	566.9	567.4	568.7	569.4	0.7
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	24.0	23.2	23.7	23.8	23.5	23.2	23.3	23.3	0.0

Professional and business services	20,271	20,675	20,841	20,857	20,165	20,664	20,696	20,745	49
Professional and technical services	8,897.5	9,062.5	9,127.5	9,165.9	8,896.5	9,121.9	9,143.2	9,161.1	17.9
Legal services	1,131.5	1,125.7	1,140.4	1,136.9	1,121.4	1,128.1	1,130.7	1,126.4	-4.3
Accounting and bookkeeping services	925.0	952.4	943.8	942.7	989.1	1,001.9	1,003.0	1,005.4	2.4
Architectural and engineering services	1,432.4	1,452.6	1,475.9	1,483.4	1,410.7	1,452.9	1,457.8	1,461.4	3.6
Specialized design services	142.1	142.3	141.9	143.3	141.4	142.1	141.5	142.4	0.9
Computer systems design and related services	2,008.6	2,045.5	2,050.4	2,070.4	1,996.4	2,049.3	2,053.1	2,058.0	4.9
Management and technical consulting services	1,381.9	1,438.4	1,446.9	1,457.9	1,376.3	1,440.6	1,444.4	1,451.4	7.0
Scientific research and development services	692.6	704.8	714.5	716.7	683.1	703.3	705.6	707.0	1.4
Advertising and related services	495.6	487.5	491.6	490.9	493.5	488.7	489.6	488.7	-0.9
Other professional and technical services	687.8	713.3	722.1	723.7	684.7	714.9	717.5	720.3	2.8
Management of companies and enterprises	2,260.3	2,271.4	2,292.6	2,294.9	2,246.5	2,274.3	2,280.3	2,281.7	1.4
Administrative and waste services	9,113.1	9,340.8	9,421.1	9,395.8	9,022.2	9,267.9	9,272.2	9,302.2	30.0
Administrative and support services	8,699.1	8,925.2	9,001.0	8,973.8	8,618.3	8,853.4	8,859.1	8,889.3	30.2
Office administrative services	496.5	522.1	525.6	525.4	495.2	521.2	523.0	524.1	1.1
Facilities support services	140.2	141.7	144.3	144.6	140.8	141.6	143.5	144.6	1.1
Employment services(1)	3,523.8	3,678.6	3,702.3	3,668.4	3,557.9	3,681.3	3,685.4	3,700.9	15.5
Temporary help services	2,871.3	3,011.6	3,030.1	2,996.1	2,910.4	3,016.3	3,019.2	3,033.9	14.7
Business support services	902.2	902.4	894.9	895.1	916.2	913.4	907.1	910.0	2.9
Travel arrangement and reservation services	221.2	217.6	219.1	219.1	217.6	215.9	214.9	215.7	0.8
Investigation and security services	902.2	911.0	913.0	916.8	904.4	914.1	915.8	918.7	2.9
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,199.7	2,224.9	2,271.5	2,276.5	2,074.6	2,141.1	2,145.5	2,150.1	4.6
Other support services	313.3	326.9	330.3	327.9	311.5	324.7	324.0	325.3	1.3
Waste management and remediation services	414.0	415.6	420.1	422.0	403.9	414.5	413.1	412.9	-0.2

Education and health services	22,299	23,123	22,892	22,806	22,644	23,054	23,097	23,151	54
Educational services	3,245.8	3,681.5	3,402.7	3,317.6	3,549.1	3,629.1	3,616.8	3,626.6	9.8
Health care and social assistance	19,053.4	19,441.7	19,489.2	19,488.8	19,094.6	19,424.5	19,479.7	19,524.7	45.0
Health care(3)	15,469.1	15,682.3	15,749.5	15,798.0	15,450.6	15,701.3	15,737.9	15,777.3	39.4
Ambulatory health care services	7,093.4	7,268.5	7,296.2	7,327.3	7,094.4	7,270.9	7,295.4	7,325.4	30.0
Offices of physicians	2,534.1	2,574.8	2,588.0	2,600.0	2,533.5	2,579.6	2,590.4	2,597.2	6.8
Offices of dentists	928.5	942.1	946.1	945.1	927.0	942.2	942.7	944.1	1.4
Offices of other health practitioners	860.3	900.2	902.5	908.2	860.6	898.4	902.5	908.1	5.6
Outpatient care centers	858.8	899.6	904.3	912.0	858.2	900.0	903.9	911.2	7.3
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	264.4	257.1	258.8	259.4	263.7	258.1	259.8	258.6	-1.2
Home health care services	1,359.2	1,401.5	1,402.3	1,409.6	1,363.4	1,399.3	1,401.4	1,412.7	11.3
Other ambulatory health care services	288.1	293.2	294.2	293.0	288.1	293.2	294.9	293.4	-1.5
Hospitals	5,039.3	5,085.2	5,110.2	5,126.1	5,032.1	5,099.4	5,112.1	5,119.4	7.3
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,336.4	3,328.6	3,343.1	3,344.6	3,324.1	3,331.0	3,330.4	3,332.5	2.1
Nursing care facilities	1,657.0	1,635.4	1,641.0	1,640.2	1,650.1	1,638.4	1,635.5	1,634.5	-1.0
Residential mental health facilities	614.8	621.9	622.4	624.4	612.7	621.9	621.1	622.2	1.1
Community care facilities for the elderly	897.8	905.9	909.5	909.3	896.4	904.5	906.1	907.5	1.4
Other residential care facilities	166.8	165.4	170.2	170.7	164.9	166.1	167.8	168.2	0.4
Social assistance	3,584.3	3,759.4	3,739.7	3,690.8	3,644.0	3,723.2	3,741.8	3,747.4	5.6
Individual and family services	2,231.8	2,311.6	2,317.8	2,312.8	2,234.2	2,299.4	2,308.5	2,314.4	5.9
Emergency and other relief services	162.0	168.2	168.7	169.1	161.5	168.5	168.1	169.1	1.0
Vocational rehabilitation services	344.8	336.0	343.1	344.3	338.9	336.0	338.6	337.9	-0.7
Child day care services	845.7	943.6	910.1	864.6	909.4	919.2	926.7	926.0	-0.7

Leisure and hospitality	16,379	16,151	16,609	16,729	15,652	15,896	15,936	15,998	62
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,604.1	2,345.8	2,571.6	2,634.2	2,253.9	2,260.7	2,268.9	2,277.2	8.3
Performing arts and spectator sports	497.7	484.5	495.4	495.1	471.6	458.5	464.1	466.1	2.0
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	178.9	172.9	186.8	188.7	162.2	166.8	169.6	170.0	0.4
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,927.5	1,688.4	1,889.4	1,950.4	1,620.1	1,635.4	1,635.2	1,641.1	5.9
Accommodation and food services	13,774.4	13,804.9	14,036.9	14,094.8	13,398.5	13,635.7	13,667.1	13,720.5	53.4
Accommodation	2,109.6	1,960.1	2,063.9	2,117.0	1,952.6	1,957.0	1,961.3	1,961.6	0.3
Food services and drinking places	11,664.8	11,844.8	11,973.0	11,977.8	11,445.9	11,678.7	11,705.8	11,758.9	53.1

Other services	5,751	5,773	5,832	5,831	5,685	5,747	5,760	5,761	1
Repair and maintenance	1,295.3	1,304.3	1,308.1	1,303.3	1,289.9	1,295.1	1,295.1	1,297.4	2.3
Personal and laundry services	1,456.5	1,495.0	1,502.8	1,498.5	1,446.6	1,481.8	1,486.4	1,488.1	1.7
Membership associations and organizations	2,999.3	2,973.5	3,020.8	3,029.3	2,948.6	2,970.3	2,978.9	2,975.9	-3.0

Government	21,000	22,651	22,262	21,112	22,257	22,317	22,354	22,358	4
Federal	2,814.0	2,808.0	2,825.0	2,823.0	2,802.0	2,811.0	2,810.0	2,810.0	0.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,207.8	2,191.2	2,208.5	2,205.4	2,190.8	2,191.9	2,191.1	2,188.9	-2.2
U.S. Postal Service	605.9	616.7	616.0	617.1	610.8	618.6	618.9	621.4	2.5
State government	4,763.0	5,109.0	4,856.0	4,769.0	5,093.0	5,091.0	5,098.0	5,095.0	-3.0
State government education	2,069.5	2,442.5	2,171.6	2,089.2	2,416.9	2,428.5	2,433.1	2,432.2	-0.9
State government, excluding education	2,693.7	2,666.8	2,684.7	2,680.0	2,676.2	2,662.8	2,665.0	2,663.2	-1.8
Local government	13,423.0	14,734.0	14,581.0	13,520.0	14,362.0	14,415.0	14,446.0	14,453.0	7.0
Local government education	6,764.7	8,287.9	7,916.6	6,798.0	7,942.2	7,961.4	7,972.9	7,973.4	0.5
Local government, excluding education	6,657.8	6,445.6	6,664.0	6,721.5	6,419.8	6,453.4	6,472.8	6,479.5	6.7
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.4	34.5	34.5
Goods-producing	40.3	40.4	40.4	40.5
Mining and logging	43.3	45.2	45.0	45.2
Construction	39.2	39.2	39.2	39.2
Manufacturing	40.8	40.7	40.9	40.9
Durable goods	41.3	41.3	41.4	41.4
Nondurable goods	39.9	39.9	40.1	40.2
Private service-providing	33.3	33.3	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.4	34.4	34.4	34.4
Wholesale trade	38.9	39.0	39.0	39.0
Retail trade	31.1	31.0	31.0	31.0
Transportation and warehousing	38.8	38.8	39.0	38.9
Utilities	42.5	42.0	42.3	42.1
Information	36.1	36.3	36.3	36.3
Financial activities	37.6	37.4	37.6	37.5
Professional and business services	36.1	36.1	36.1	36.2
Education and health services	32.9	32.9	32.9	32.9
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	26.1	26.1	26.1
Other services	32.0	31.8	31.9	31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3
Durable goods	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)
Total private	$25.71	$26.22	$26.27	$26.36	$884.42	$901.97	$906.32	$909.42
Goods-producing	26.98	27.47	27.55	27.69	1,087.29	1,109.79	1,113.02	1,121.45
Mining and logging	32.10	32.25	32.50	33.08	1,389.93	1,457.70	1,462.50	1,495.22
Construction	28.22	28.69	28.82	28.90	1,106.22	1,124.65	1,129.74	1,132.88
Manufacturing	26.03	26.51	26.56	26.70	1,062.02	1,078.96	1,086.30	1,092.03
Durable goods	27.34	27.74	27.81	27.95	1,129.14	1,145.66	1,151.33	1,157.13
Nondurable goods	23.78	24.40	24.41	24.57	948.82	973.56	978.84	987.71
Private service-providing	25.41	25.93	25.97	26.06	846.15	863.47	864.80	867.80
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22.39	22.73	22.78	22.83	770.22	781.91	783.63	785.35
Wholesale trade	29.69	30.03	30.09	30.19	1,154.94	1,171.17	1,173.51	1,177.41
Retail trade	17.89	18.12	18.14	18.18	556.38	561.72	562.34	563.58
Transportation and warehousing	23.29	23.80	23.86	23.88	903.65	923.44	930.54	928.93
Utilities	38.51	38.87	39.04	39.13	1,636.68	1,632.54	1,651.39	1,647.37
Information	36.65	38.08	38.40	38.44	1,323.07	1,382.30	1,393.92	1,395.37
Financial activities	32.39	32.91	32.97	33.09	1,217.86	1,230.83	1,239.67	1,240.88
Professional and business services	30.91	31.54	31.55	31.63	1,115.85	1,138.59	1,138.96	1,145.01
Education and health services	25.75	26.21	26.25	26.38	847.18	862.31	863.63	867.90
Leisure and hospitality	14.90	15.41	15.41	15.46	388.89	402.20	402.20	403.51
Other services	23.05	23.58	23.59	23.72	737.60	749.84	752.52	754.30
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)	Percent change from: June 2017 - July 2017(p)	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)	Percent change from: June 2017 - July 2017(p)
Total private	105.5	106.9	107.4	107.6	0.2	129.7	134.0	134.9	135.6	0.5
Goods-producing	90.6	92.0	92.1	92.4	0.3	110.5	114.2	114.7	115.7	0.9
Mining and logging	90.3	100.4	100.7	101.1	0.4	116.4	130.0	131.4	134.3	2.2
Construction	90.6	92.9	93.1	93.2	0.1	111.1	115.9	116.6	117.1	0.4
Manufacturing	90.7	90.8	91.3	91.4	0.1	109.8	111.9	112.8	113.5	0.6
Durable goods	89.8	90.0	90.4	90.5	0.1	109.0	110.8	111.6	112.4	0.7
Nondurable goods	92.3	92.8	93.2	93.5	0.3	111.4	114.9	115.4	116.5	1.0
Private service-providing	109.8	111.3	111.5	111.7	0.2	135.6	140.2	140.7	141.4	0.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	101.9	102.4	102.4	102.5	0.1	122.8	125.2	125.6	125.9	0.2
Wholesale trade	99.5	100.5	100.7	100.8	0.1	123.3	126.0	126.5	127.0	0.4
Retail trade	100.1	99.7	99.7	99.7	0.0	118.4	119.4	119.6	119.9	0.3
Transportation and warehousing	110.7	112.5	113.2	113.0	-0.2	130.8	135.9	137.1	136.9	-0.1
Utilities	102.2	100.5	101.3	100.7	-0.6	130.1	129.0	130.7	130.2	-0.4
Information	91.6	90.3	90.4	90.5	0.1	119.5	122.4	123.6	123.9	0.2
Financial activities	102.2	103.2	104.0	103.8	-0.2	129.1	132.5	133.7	133.9	0.1
Professional and business services	114.5	117.3	117.5	118.1	0.5	143.4	149.9	150.2	151.4	0.8
Education and health services	121.6	123.8	124.1	124.4	0.2	150.7	156.2	156.7	157.8	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	116.6	118.4	118.7	119.1	0.3	140.1	147.2	147.5	148.6	0.7
Other services	104.9	105.4	105.9	105.6	-0.3	132.5	136.2	137.0	137.3	0.2
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)
Total nonfarm	71,632	72,384	72,476	72,593	49.6	49.5	49.5	49.5
Total private	58,841	59,566	59,638	59,737	48.2	48.1	48.1	48.1
Goods-producing	4,320	4,382	4,393	4,409	21.9	21.9	21.9	22.0
Mining and logging	99	101	101	101	14.9	14.3	14.2	14.2
Construction	835	868	869	875	12.4	12.6	12.6	12.7
Manufacturing	3,386	3,413	3,423	3,433	27.4	27.5	27.6	27.6
Durable goods	1,805	1,808	1,815	1,821	23.4	23.4	23.4	23.4
Nondurable goods	1,581	1,605	1,608	1,612	34.1	34.4	34.5	34.6
Private service-providing	54,521	55,184	55,245	55,328	53.2	53.1	53.1	53.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,091	11,006	10,999	10,984	40.7	40.2	40.2	40.1
Wholesale trade	1,734.1	1,743.8	1,744.4	1,743.9	29.6	29.5	29.5	29.4
Retail trade	8,001.2	7,907.3	7,889.3	7,879.6	50.5	49.9	49.8	49.8
Transportation and warehousing	1,225.8	1,228.2	1,238.0	1,232.4	24.6	24.2	24.4	24.3
Utilities	130.2	127.1	127.4	127.9	23.4	23.0	23.0	23.1
Information	1,108	1,088	1,085	1,087	39.9	39.9	39.8	39.8
Financial activities	4,717	4,755	4,764	4,764	56.8	56.4	56.4	56.4
Professional and business services	9,036	9,299	9,305	9,322	44.8	45.0	45.0	44.9
Education and health services	17,456	17,759	17,794	17,852	77.1	77.0	77.0	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	8,131	8,246	8,259	8,275	51.9	51.9	51.8	51.7
Other services	2,982	3,031	3,039	3,044	52.5	52.7	52.8	52.8
Government	12,791	12,818	12,838	12,856	57.5	57.4	57.4	57.5
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]
Industry	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)
Total private	100,603	102,051	102,207	102,359
Goods-producing	14,175	14,367	14,378	14,389
Mining and logging	464	504	512	511
Construction	5,038	5,162	5,163	5,158
Manufacturing	8,673	8,701	8,703	8,720
Durable goods	5,308	5,313	5,321	5,339
Nondurable goods	3,365	3,388	3,382	3,381
Private service-providing	86,428	87,684	87,829	87,970
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22,883	23,036	23,066	23,067
Wholesale trade	4,690.6	4,738.0	4,745.1	4,749.9
Retail trade	13,437.6	13,452.1	13,467.1	13,465.7
Transportation and warehousing	4,308.2	4,401.4	4,407.1	4,407.3
Utilities	447.0	444.0	446.5	443.9
Information	2,236	2,198	2,203	2,206
Financial activities	6,444	6,550	6,570	6,577
Professional and business services	16,502	16,898	16,913	16,950
Education and health services	19,878	20,248	20,292	20,342
Leisure and hospitality	13,771	13,995	14,019	14,058
Other services	4,714	4,759	4,766	4,770
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.7	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	41.3	41.3	41.3	41.3
Mining and logging	45.4	45.9	45.4	45.9
Construction	39.7	39.9	39.7	39.7
Manufacturing	42.0	41.9	42.0	42.0
Durable goods	42.5	42.3	42.3	42.3
Nondurable goods	41.2	41.1	41.4	41.5
Private service-providing	32.4	32.4	32.5	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.6	33.8	33.8	33.9
Wholesale trade	38.7	38.9	38.9	39.0
Retail trade	29.8	30.2	30.2	30.2
Transportation and warehousing	38.8	38.3	38.5	38.6
Utilities	42.7	42.3	42.5	42.5
Information	35.7	35.9	35.8	35.8
Financial activities	37.0	37.0	37.0	37.0
Professional and business services	35.5	35.4	35.5	35.6
Education and health services	32.2	32.2	32.2	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	24.9	24.8	24.9	24.8
Other services	31.0	30.7	30.8	30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.3	4.2	4.3	4.4
Durable goods	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.5
Nondurable goods	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)
Total private	$21.59	$21.99	$22.04	$22.10	$727.58	$741.06	$742.75	$744.77
Goods-producing	22.64	23.04	23.11	23.22	935.03	951.55	954.44	958.99
Mining and logging	27.07	27.50	27.69	27.97	1,228.98	1,262.25	1,257.13	1,283.82
Construction	26.12	26.52	26.66	26.76	1,036.96	1,058.15	1,058.40	1,062.37
Manufacturing	20.47	20.80	20.82	20.94	859.74	871.52	874.44	879.48
Durable goods	21.52	21.77	21.78	21.91	914.60	920.87	921.29	926.79
Nondurable goods	18.78	19.23	19.28	19.39	773.74	790.35	798.19	804.69
Private service-providing	21.37	21.77	21.82	21.87	692.39	705.35	709.15	710.78
Trade, transportation, and utilities	19.01	19.28	19.36	19.38	638.74	651.66	654.37	656.98
Wholesale trade	24.27	24.64	24.77	24.83	939.25	958.50	963.55	968.37
Retail trade	15.03	15.26	15.31	15.34	447.89	460.85	462.36	463.27
Transportation and warehousing	20.93	21.24	21.29	21.22	812.08	813.49	819.67	819.09
Utilities	35.53	36.17	36.44	36.25	1,517.13	1,529.99	1,548.70	1,540.63
Information	30.14	30.72	30.86	30.95	1,076.00	1,102.85	1,104.79	1,108.01
Financial activities	26.15	26.49	26.56	26.67	967.55	980.13	982.72	986.79
Professional and business services	25.50	25.98	26.01	26.07	905.25	919.69	923.36	928.09
Education and health services	22.54	22.98	23.00	23.06	725.79	739.96	740.60	742.53
Leisure and hospitality	12.90	13.34	13.35	13.35	321.21	330.83	332.42	331.08
Other services	19.37	19.80	19.85	19.95	600.47	607.86	611.38	614.46
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)	Percent change from: June 2017 - July 2017(p)	July 2016	May 2017	June 2017(p)	July 2017(p)	Percent change from: June 2017 - July 2017(p)
Total private	113.0	114.6	114.8	114.9	0.1	163.0	168.4	169.0	169.7	0.4
Goods-producing	89.5	90.7	90.7	90.8	0.1	124.0	127.9	128.4	129.1	0.5
Mining and logging	111.9	122.9	123.5	124.6	0.9	176.2	196.6	198.9	202.8	2.0
Construction	100.1	103.1	102.6	102.5	-0.1	141.2	147.7	147.7	148.2	0.3
Manufacturing	83.6	83.7	83.9	84.1	0.2	111.9	113.8	114.2	115.1	0.8
Durable goods	84.8	84.5	84.6	84.9	0.4	113.9	114.8	115.0	116.1	1.0
Nondurable goods	81.7	82.0	82.5	82.7	0.2	108.4	111.5	112.4	113.3	0.8
Private service-providing	119.3	121.0	121.6	121.8	0.2	174.8	180.6	181.9	182.6	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	107.2	108.5	108.7	109.0	0.3	145.4	149.3	150.1	150.7	0.4
Wholesale trade	106.9	108.5	108.7	109.1	0.4	152.8	157.5	158.6	159.6	0.6
Retail trade	101.4	102.8	102.9	102.9	0.0	130.6	134.5	135.1	135.3	0.1
Transportation and warehousing	125.8	126.9	127.7	128.1	0.3	167.1	171.0	172.5	172.4	-0.1
Utilities	97.6	96.0	97.0	96.5	-0.5	144.8	145.0	147.6	146.0	-1.1
Information	91.1	90.1	90.0	90.1	0.1	135.9	137.0	137.5	138.1	0.4
Financial activities	112.2	114.1	114.4	114.6	0.2	180.6	185.9	187.0	188.0	0.5
Professional and business services	131.3	134.1	134.6	135.2	0.4	199.2	207.3	208.3	209.8	0.7
Education and health services	136.5	139.0	139.3	139.7	0.3	203.0	210.8	211.5	212.6	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	125.6	127.1	127.9	127.7	-0.2	184.0	192.6	193.9	193.6	-0.2
Other services	102.5	102.5	102.9	103.0	0.1	144.6	147.8	148.9	149.8	0.6
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Last Modified Date: August 04, 2017