Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until		  USDL-17-0732
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 2, 2017

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
                       THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MAY 2017


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 138,000 in May, and the unemployment
rate was little changed at 4.3 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. Job gains occurred in health care and mining.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate, at 4.3 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 6.9
million, changed little in May. Since January, the unemployment rate has declined by
0.5 percentage point, and the number of unemployed has decreased by 774,000. (See
table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Whites edged down to 3.7
percent in May. The jobless rates for Blacks (7.5 percent), Asians (3.6 percent),
and Hispanics (5.2 percent), as well as those for adult men (3.8 percent), adult
women (4.0 percent), and teenagers (14.3 percent), showed little or no change.
(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs declined by 211,000 to 3.3 million in May. The number of long-term unemployed
(those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged over the month at
1.7 million and accounted for 24.0 percent of the unemployed. (See tables A-11 and
A-12.)

The labor force participation rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.7 percent
in May but has shown no clear trend over the past 12 months. The employment-population
ratio edged down to 60.0 percent in May. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred
to as involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 5.2 million in May. These
individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time
because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time
job. (See table A-8.)

In May, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 238,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were
not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had
not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 355,000 discouraged workers in May, down by
183,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged
workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are
available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the labor
force in May had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 138,000 in May, compared with an average
monthly gain of 181,000 over the prior 12 months. In May, job gains occurred in health
care and mining. (See table B-1.)

Employment in health care rose by 24,000 in May. Hospitals added 7,000 jobs over the
month, and employment in ambulatory health care services continued to trend up (+13,000).
Job growth in health care has averaged 22,000 per month thus far in 2017, compared with
an average monthly gain of 32,000 in 2016.

Mining added 7,000 jobs in May. Employment in mining has risen by 47,000 since reaching
a recent low point in October 2016, with most of the gain in support activities for mining.

In May, employment in professional and business services continued to trend up (+38,000).
The industry has added an average of 46,000 jobs per month thus far this year, in line
with the average monthly job gain in 2016. 

Employment in food services and drinking places also continued to trend up in May (+30,000)
and has grown by 267,000 over the past 12 months. 

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale
trade, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities,
and government, showed little change over the month.  

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.4
hours in May. In manufacturing, the workweek also was unchanged at 40.7 hours, while
overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours.
(See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 4
cents to $26.22. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 63 cents, or 2.5
percent. In May, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees increased by 3 cents to $22.00. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised down from +79,000
to +50,000, and the change for April was revised down from +211,000 to +174,000. With
these revisions, employment gains in March and April combined were 66,000 less than
previously reported. Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the
recalculation of seasonal factors. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged
121,000 per month.  

_____________
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 7, 2017,
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017	Change from: Apr. 2017- May 2017
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	253,174	254,414	254,588	254,767	179
Civilian labor force	158,510	160,201	160,213	159,784	-429
Participation rate	62.6	63.0	62.9	62.7	-0.2
Employed	151,058	153,000	153,156	152,923	-233
Employment-population ratio	59.7	60.1	60.2	60.0	-0.2
Unemployed	7,451	7,202	7,056	6,861	-195
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Not in labor force	94,665	94,213	94,375	94,983	608
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.3	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	4.3	4.3	4.0	3.8	-0.2
Adult women (20 years and over)	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	16.2	13.7	14.7	14.3	-0.4
White	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.7	-0.1
Black or African American	8.2	8.0	7.9	7.5	-0.4
Asian	4.1	3.3	3.2	3.6	0.4
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	5.6	5.1	5.2	5.2	0.0
Total, 25 years and over	3.8	3.8	3.6	3.6	0.0
Less than a high school diploma	7.2	6.8	6.5	6.1	-0.4
High school graduates, no college	5.1	4.9	4.6	4.7	0.1
Some college or associate degree	3.8	3.7	3.7	4.0	0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.3	-0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,578	3,519	3,538	3,327	-211
Job leavers	803	798	789	804	15
Reentrants	2,215	2,066	2,032	2,100	68
New entrants	865	790	712	656	-56
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,197	2,334	2,335	2,154	-181
5 to 14 weeks	2,251	2,109	2,135	1,960	-175
15 to 26 weeks	1,174	1,115	1,108	1,157	49
27 weeks and over	1,893	1,687	1,626	1,663	37
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	6,409	5,553	5,272	5,219	-53
Slack work or business conditions	3,879	3,402	3,174	3,082	-92
Could only find part-time work	2,064	1,852	1,802	1,789	-13
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,611	20,723	20,700	21,020	320
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,713	1,595	1,534	1,475	-
Discouraged workers	538	460	455	355	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	43	50	174	138
Total private	17	59	173	147
Goods-producing	-44	17	19	16
Mining and logging	-9	6	9	6
Construction	-14	0	-1	11
Manufacturing	-21	11	11	-1
Durable goods(1)	-23	6	6	2
Motor vehicles and parts	-5.5	2.0	2.0	-1.5
Nondurable goods	2	5	5	-3
Private service-providing	61	42	154	131
Wholesale trade	-4.0	-3.0	6.0	-2.1
Retail trade	8.8	-39.5	-5.8	-6.1
Transportation and warehousing	6.4	3.9	-0.2	3.6
Utilities	-2.0	-0.5	-0.5	-1.3
Information	-42	-8	-15	-2
Financial activities	14	4	14	11
Professional and business services(1)	28	58	38	38
Temporary help services	-17.1	12.8	4.1	12.9
Education and health services(1)	49	16	50	47
Health care and social assistance	41.5	18.7	44.9	32.3
Leisure and hospitality	9	11	58	31
Other services	-7	0	9	12
Government	26	-9	1	-9
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	140	166	152	121
Total private	121	162	151	126
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.5	49.5	49.5	49.5
Total private women employees	48.1	48.1	48.1	48.1
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.3	82.4	82.4	82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.3	34.4	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$25.59	$26.13	$26.18	$26.22
Average weekly earnings	$880.30	$896.26	$900.59	$901.97
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	105.1	106.3	106.8	106.9
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	0.0	0.5	0.1
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	128.5	132.8	133.7	134.0
Over-the-month percent change	0.2	0.2	0.7	0.2
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (261 industries)	47.7	55.4	61.3	54.8
Manufacturing (78 industries)	39.7	53.8	55.1	48.1
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 634,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

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HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	253,174	254,588	254,767	253,174	254,082	254,246	254,414	254,588	254,767
Civilian labor force	158,800	159,817	159,979	158,510	159,716	160,056	160,201	160,213	159,784
Participation rate	62.7	62.8	62.8	62.6	62.9	63.0	63.0	62.9	62.7
Employed	151,594	153,262	153,407	151,058	152,081	152,528	153,000	153,156	152,923
Employment-population ratio	59.9	60.2	60.2	59.7	59.9	60.0	60.1	60.2	60.0
Unemployed	7,207	6,555	6,572	7,451	7,635	7,528	7,202	7,056	6,861
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.3
Not in labor force	94,374	94,771	94,788	94,665	94,366	94,190	94,213	94,375	94,983
Persons who currently want a job	6,449	5,560	5,976	5,912	5,739	5,597	5,781	5,707	5,561
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,316	123,032	123,120	122,316	122,781	122,862	122,945	123,032	123,120
Civilian labor force	84,524	84,851	85,007	84,367	85,096	85,194	85,076	85,175	84,896
Participation rate	69.1	69.0	69.0	69.0	69.3	69.3	69.2	69.2	69.0
Employed	80,673	81,341	81,572	80,389	81,013	81,141	81,136	81,419	81,290
Employment-population ratio	66.0	66.1	66.3	65.7	66.0	66.0	66.0	66.2	66.0
Unemployed	3,851	3,509	3,436	3,979	4,083	4,053	3,940	3,755	3,606
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.1	4.0	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.2
Not in labor force	37,792	38,181	38,113	37,948	37,685	37,668	37,870	37,857	38,224
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	113,844	114,538	114,627	113,844	114,297	114,375	114,455	114,538	114,627
Civilian labor force	81,637	82,019	82,130	81,420	82,113	82,138	82,046	82,091	81,942
Participation rate	71.7	71.6	71.6	71.5	71.8	71.8	71.7	71.7	71.5
Employed	78,241	78,922	79,126	77,926	78,503	78,573	78,556	78,838	78,801
Employment-population ratio	68.7	68.9	69.0	68.4	68.7	68.7	68.6	68.8	68.7
Unemployed	3,396	3,096	3,004	3,493	3,609	3,564	3,491	3,253	3,141
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.8	3.7	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.0	3.8
Not in labor force	32,208	32,519	32,497	32,425	32,184	32,237	32,409	32,447	32,685
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,858	131,556	131,647	130,858	131,301	131,384	131,469	131,556	131,647
Civilian labor force	74,276	74,967	74,972	74,142	74,621	74,862	75,126	75,038	74,887
Participation rate	56.8	57.0	56.9	56.7	56.8	57.0	57.1	57.0	56.9
Employed	70,921	71,921	71,835	70,670	71,069	71,388	71,863	71,737	71,633
Employment-population ratio	54.2	54.7	54.6	54.0	54.1	54.3	54.7	54.5	54.4
Unemployed	3,356	3,046	3,136	3,473	3,552	3,475	3,262	3,301	3,255
Unemployment rate	4.5	4.1	4.2	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.3
Not in labor force	56,582	56,590	56,675	56,716	56,681	56,521	56,343	56,518	56,759
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,622	123,296	123,386	122,622	123,052	123,131	123,212	123,296	123,386
Civilian labor force	71,366	72,181	72,085	71,226	71,686	72,011	72,160	72,136	71,988
Participation rate	58.2	58.5	58.4	58.1	58.3	58.5	58.6	58.5	58.3
Employed	68,496	69,474	69,340	68,218	68,550	68,932	69,271	69,213	69,105
Employment-population ratio	55.9	56.3	56.2	55.6	55.7	56.0	56.2	56.1	56.0
Unemployed	2,870	2,707	2,745	3,008	3,136	3,079	2,890	2,922	2,883
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.7	3.8	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.0
Not in labor force	51,256	51,116	51,300	51,396	51,366	51,119	51,052	51,161	51,398
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,708	16,754	16,754	16,708	16,734	16,740	16,747	16,754	16,754
Civilian labor force	5,797	5,618	5,764	5,864	5,917	5,907	5,995	5,986	5,854
Participation rate	34.7	33.5	34.4	35.1	35.4	35.3	35.8	35.7	34.9
Employed	4,857	4,866	4,941	4,914	5,028	5,023	5,173	5,105	5,017
Employment-population ratio	29.1	29.0	29.5	29.4	30.0	30.0	30.9	30.5	29.9
Unemployed	940	752	823	950	890	884	822	881	837
Unemployment rate	16.2	13.4	14.3	16.2	15.0	15.0	13.7	14.7	14.3
Not in labor force	10,911	11,136	10,991	10,844	10,816	10,833	10,752	10,768	10,901
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	198,013	198,685	198,775	198,013	198,453	198,525	198,604	198,685	198,775
Civilian labor force	124,590	124,676	124,722	124,271	124,675	124,856	125,046	124,925	124,481
Participation rate	62.9	62.8	62.7	62.8	62.8	62.9	63.0	62.9	62.6
Employed	119,686	120,214	120,375	119,198	119,311	119,740	120,180	120,142	119,896
Employment-population ratio	60.4	60.5	60.6	60.2	60.1	60.3	60.5	60.5	60.3
Unemployed	4,904	4,462	4,346	5,074	5,364	5,116	4,866	4,783	4,585
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.6	3.5	4.1	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.7
Not in labor force	73,423	74,009	74,053	73,742	73,778	73,669	73,557	73,760	74,294
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,104	65,263	65,380	64,935	65,345	65,362	65,219	65,306	65,217
Participation rate	72.0	71.9	72.0	71.8	72.1	72.0	71.9	71.9	71.8
Employed	62,777	63,103	63,293	62,498	62,730	62,877	62,850	63,053	62,999
Employment-population ratio	69.4	69.5	69.7	69.1	69.2	69.3	69.2	69.4	69.3
Unemployed	2,327	2,160	2,087	2,437	2,615	2,485	2,369	2,253	2,218
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.8	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.4	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,925	55,066	54,933	54,727	54,798	54,988	55,153	54,983	54,785
Participation rate	57.7	57.6	57.5	57.5	57.4	57.6	57.8	57.6	57.3
Employed	53,017	53,269	53,169	52,749	52,646	52,949	53,211	53,049	52,927
Employment-population ratio	55.7	55.8	55.6	55.4	55.2	55.5	55.7	55.5	55.4
Unemployed	1,908	1,798	1,764	1,977	2,152	2,039	1,942	1,935	1,858
Unemployment rate	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.6	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,560	4,346	4,408	4,610	4,531	4,505	4,674	4,635	4,479
Participation rate	36.9	35.2	35.7	37.3	36.7	36.5	37.9	37.5	36.3
Employed	3,892	3,842	3,914	3,951	3,934	3,913	4,119	4,040	3,970
Employment-population ratio	31.5	31.1	31.7	32.0	31.9	31.7	33.4	32.7	32.2
Unemployed	668	504	495	659	597	592	555	595	508
Unemployment rate	14.7	11.6	11.2	14.3	13.2	13.1	11.9	12.8	11.4
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	31,828	32,161	32,193	31,828	32,063	32,095	32,128	32,161	32,193
Civilian labor force	19,424	20,046	20,082	19,433	19,993	19,998	20,002	20,110	20,075
Participation rate	61.0	62.3	62.4	61.1	62.4	62.3	62.3	62.5	62.4
Employed	17,865	18,577	18,593	17,844	18,445	18,378	18,409	18,514	18,560
Employment-population ratio	56.1	57.8	57.8	56.1	57.5	57.3	57.3	57.6	57.7
Unemployed	1,559	1,469	1,489	1,589	1,548	1,620	1,593	1,597	1,515
Unemployment rate	8.0	7.3	7.4	8.2	7.7	8.1	8.0	7.9	7.5
Not in labor force	12,403	12,116	12,111	12,394	12,070	12,097	12,126	12,051	12,118
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,926	9,135	9,103	8,893	9,106	9,081	9,132	9,169	9,063
Participation rate	67.4	68.1	67.8	67.1	68.1	67.8	68.1	68.3	67.5
Employed	8,248	8,505	8,511	8,224	8,437	8,369	8,384	8,496	8,475
Employment-population ratio	62.3	63.4	63.3	62.1	63.1	62.5	62.6	63.3	63.1
Unemployed	677	630	593	669	669	713	747	673	588
Unemployment rate	7.6	6.9	6.5	7.5	7.3	7.8	8.2	7.3	6.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,773	10,185	10,178	9,821	10,124	10,162	10,173	10,168	10,224
Participation rate	60.8	62.8	62.7	61.1	62.6	62.7	62.7	62.7	62.9
Employed	9,089	9,530	9,497	9,099	9,450	9,438	9,497	9,470	9,513
Employment-population ratio	56.6	58.7	58.5	56.6	58.4	58.3	58.6	58.4	58.6
Unemployed	684	655	681	721	673	724	676	698	712
Unemployment rate	7.0	6.4	6.7	7.3	6.7	7.1	6.6	6.9	7.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	726	726	801	720	764	754	697	773	787
Participation rate	28.9	28.9	31.9	28.7	30.4	30.0	27.7	30.8	31.3
Employed	528	542	586	521	558	571	528	547	572
Employment-population ratio	21.0	21.6	23.3	20.8	22.2	22.7	21.0	21.8	22.8
Unemployed	198	184	215	199	205	183	169	226	215
Unemployment rate	27.3	25.3	26.8	27.6	26.9	24.3	24.3	29.3	27.3
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	14,938	15,389	15,433	14,938	15,157	15,228	15,285	15,389	15,433
Civilian labor force	9,422	9,749	9,818	9,432	9,641	9,709	9,635	9,761	9,826
Participation rate	63.1	63.4	63.6	63.1	63.6	63.8	63.0	63.4	63.7
Employed	9,055	9,448	9,479	9,047	9,281	9,377	9,318	9,446	9,471
Employment-population ratio	60.6	61.4	61.4	60.6	61.2	61.6	61.0	61.4	61.4
Unemployed	367	301	339	385	360	332	317	316	356
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.1	3.5	4.1	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.6
Not in labor force	5,516	5,640	5,615	5,506	5,517	5,519	5,650	5,628	5,607
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	40,558	41,162	41,241	40,558	40,922	41,003	41,081	41,162	41,241
Civilian labor force	26,535	27,155	27,218	26,534	27,044	27,251	27,387	27,241	27,239
Participation rate	65.4	66.0	66.0	65.4	66.1	66.5	66.7	66.2	66.0
Employed	25,163	25,897	25,939	25,044	25,453	25,727	25,986	25,832	25,833
Employment-population ratio	62.0	62.9	62.9	61.7	62.2	62.7	63.3	62.8	62.6
Unemployed	1,372	1,258	1,279	1,490	1,590	1,523	1,402	1,410	1,405
Unemployment rate	5.2	4.6	4.7	5.6	5.9	5.6	5.1	5.2	5.2
Not in labor force	14,023	14,007	14,024	14,023	13,879	13,753	13,694	13,921	14,003
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,616	14,890	14,932	14,612	14,898	14,938	14,957	14,927	14,936
Participation rate	79.9	80.3	80.4	79.9	80.9	80.9	80.9	80.5	80.4
Employed	14,016	14,331	14,357	13,959	14,187	14,253	14,291	14,297	14,304
Employment-population ratio	76.7	77.3	77.3	76.3	77.0	77.2	77.3	77.1	77.0
Unemployed	600	559	575	653	711	685	666	630	632
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.8	3.9	4.5	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.2	4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,696	11,098	11,066	10,680	11,028	11,119	11,127	11,086	11,062
Participation rate	57.8	59.0	58.7	57.7	59.0	59.4	59.3	59.0	58.7
Employed	10,134	10,538	10,512	10,071	10,336	10,494	10,600	10,493	10,461
Employment-population ratio	54.8	56.1	55.8	54.4	55.3	56.0	56.5	55.8	55.5
Unemployed	562	561	554	609	692	625	527	593	601
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.1	5.0	5.7	6.3	5.6	4.7	5.4	5.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,223	1,166	1,220	1,242	1,117	1,193	1,304	1,228	1,240
Participation rate	32.5	30.4	31.8	33.0	29.3	31.3	34.1	32.1	32.3
Employed	1,014	1,028	1,070	1,014	930	980	1,095	1,042	1,068
Employment-population ratio	26.9	26.8	27.9	26.9	24.4	25.7	28.6	27.2	27.8
Unemployed	209	138	150	228	187	214	209	186	172
Unemployment rate	17.1	11.9	12.3	18.4	16.7	17.9	16.0	15.2	13.9
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,786	10,249	10,620	10,488	10,533	10,229	10,139	10,041	10,299
Participation rate	45.9	45.6	46.5	44.6	45.3	46.1	45.1	44.7	45.1
Employed	10,064	9,594	10,038	9,734	9,725	9,424	9,450	9,385	9,671
Employment-population ratio	42.8	42.7	43.9	41.4	41.8	42.5	42.1	41.8	42.3
Unemployed	722	656	582	754	808	806	689	656	628
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.4	5.5	7.2	7.7	7.9	6.8	6.5	6.1
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,688	36,186	36,127	35,609	35,443	35,853	36,092	36,032	35,909
Participation rate	57.4	58.0	57.9	57.3	57.9	57.9	57.8	57.7	57.6
Employed	33,993	34,603	34,535	33,800	33,580	34,078	34,315	34,374	34,211
Employment-population ratio	54.7	55.4	55.4	54.4	54.9	55.0	54.9	55.1	54.9
Unemployed	1,695	1,583	1,592	1,809	1,863	1,776	1,778	1,658	1,697
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.4	4.4	5.1	5.3	5.0	4.9	4.6	4.7
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,776	37,854	37,187	37,801	38,007	37,754	37,851	37,850	37,433
Participation rate	66.1	65.8	65.4	66.2	65.7	65.8	66.1	65.8	65.9
Employed	36,416	36,532	35,786	36,347	36,563	36,245	36,454	36,465	35,941
Employment-population ratio	63.7	63.5	63.0	63.6	63.2	63.2	63.7	63.4	63.3
Unemployed	1,361	1,321	1,401	1,454	1,444	1,509	1,397	1,385	1,492
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.5	3.8	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.7	3.7	4.0
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	53,448	54,821	55,146	53,402	54,271	54,804	54,653	54,764	55,039
Participation rate	74.4	74.1	74.0	74.3	73.8	73.5	73.9	74.0	73.8
Employed	52,247	53,585	53,978	52,100	52,925	53,498	53,308	53,426	53,760
Employment-population ratio	72.7	72.4	72.4	72.5	72.0	71.8	72.0	72.2	72.1
Unemployed	1,201	1,236	1,168	1,303	1,346	1,306	1,345	1,338	1,278
Unemployment rate	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.4	2.3
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	20,937	20,593	18,924	18,565	2,013	2,028
Civilian labor force	10,561	10,036	9,327	8,868	1,234	1,169
Participation rate	50.4	48.7	49.3	47.8	61.3	57.6
Employed	10,198	9,697	9,016	8,573	1,183	1,123
Employment-population ratio	48.7	47.1	47.6	46.2	58.8	55.4
Unemployed	363	340	312	294	51	45
Unemployment rate	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.3	4.1	3.9
Not in labor force	10,376	10,557	9,597	9,697	779	859
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,905	4,156	3,195	3,397	711	759
Civilian labor force	3,133	3,300	2,634	2,760	500	540
Participation rate	80.2	79.4	82.4	81.3	70.3	71.1
Employed	3,008	3,149	2,529	2,628	480	521
Employment-population ratio	77.0	75.8	79.1	77.4	67.5	68.6
Unemployed	125	151	105	132	20	19
Unemployment rate	4.0	4.6	4.0	4.8	4.0	3.5
Not in labor force	772	856	561	637	211	220
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,320	3,279	2,836	2,811	483	468
Civilian labor force	2,665	2,560	2,279	2,218	386	343
Participation rate	80.3	78.1	80.4	78.9	79.8	73.2
Employed	2,600	2,494	2,224	2,171	376	323
Employment-population ratio	78.3	76.1	78.4	77.2	77.8	69.0
Unemployed	65	66	55	46	10	20
Unemployment rate	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.1	2.5	5.8
Not in labor force	655	719	557	594	98	125
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	8,540	8,106	8,234	7,813	306	293
Civilian labor force	2,150	1,828	2,084	1,783	67	45
Participation rate	25.2	22.5	25.3	22.8	21.8	15.3
Employed	2,085	1,766	2,025	1,721	59	45
Employment-population ratio	24.4	21.8	24.6	22.0	19.4	15.3
Unemployed	66	62	59	62	7	0
Unemployment rate	3.1	3.4	2.8	3.5	-	-
Not in labor force	6,390	6,278	6,150	6,030	239	248
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,172	5,052	4,659	4,544	513	508
Civilian labor force	2,613	2,349	2,331	2,107	281	242
Participation rate	50.5	46.5	50.0	46.4	54.9	47.6
Employed	2,505	2,288	2,237	2,053	268	235
Employment-population ratio	48.4	45.3	48.0	45.2	52.2	46.3
Unemployed	107	61	94	54	14	7
Unemployment rate	4.1	2.6	4.0	2.6	4.9	2.7
Not in labor force	2,559	2,703	2,328	2,437	232	266
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	223,294	225,332	98,902	100,141	124,392	125,191
Civilian labor force	146,177	147,854	74,202	75,159	71,976	72,695
Participation rate	65.5	65.6	75.0	75.1	57.9	58.1
Employed	139,732	141,908	70,856	72,152	68,876	69,755
Employment-population ratio	62.6	63.0	71.6	72.1	55.4	55.7
Unemployed	6,445	5,946	3,345	3,007	3,100	2,939
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.0	4.5	4.0	4.3	4.0
Not in labor force	77,117	77,478	24,701	24,982	52,416	52,496
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,209	30,732	222,965	224,035
Civilian labor force	6,186	6,326	152,614	153,653
Participation rate	20.5	20.6	68.4	68.6
Employed	5,583	5,722	146,010	147,685
Employment-population ratio	18.5	18.6	65.5	65.9
Unemployed	603	604	6,604	5,968
Unemployment rate	9.7	9.5	4.3	3.9
Not in labor force	24,023	24,406	70,351	70,382
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,804	2,722	76,583	76,969
Participation rate	35.6	34.4	82.3	82.6
Employed	2,517	2,457	73,169	73,958
Employment-population ratio	32.0	31.0	78.6	79.4
Unemployed	287	265	3,414	3,011
Unemployment rate	10.2	9.7	4.5	3.9
Not in labor force	5,073	5,194	16,504	16,160
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,233	2,565	67,910	68,046
Participation rate	27.7	31.0	70.5	70.8
Employed	1,989	2,279	64,927	65,362
Employment-population ratio	24.7	27.5	67.4	68.0
Unemployed	245	286	2,983	2,684
Unemployment rate	11.0	11.2	4.4	3.9
Not in labor force	5,830	5,716	28,427	28,042
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,149	1,039	8,122	8,637
Participation rate	8.0	7.2	24.2	24.8
Employed	1,078	986	7,915	8,364
Employment-population ratio	7.6	6.8	23.6	24.0
Unemployed	71	53	207	273
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.1	2.5	3.2
Not in labor force	13,120	13,495	25,421	26,181
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	40,693	41,390	19,810	20,132	20,882	21,259
Civilian labor force	26,243	27,315	15,269	15,737	10,973	11,578
Participation rate	64.5	66.0	77.1	78.2	52.5	54.5
Employed	25,274	26,290	14,781	15,258	10,493	11,031
Employment-population ratio	62.1	63.5	74.6	75.8	50.3	51.9
Unemployed	969	1,025	489	479	480	547
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.8	3.2	3.0	4.4	4.7
Not in labor force	14,450	14,075	4,541	4,395	9,909	9,680
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	212,482	213,377	102,506	102,989	109,976	110,388
Civilian labor force	132,557	132,664	69,255	69,271	63,303	63,393
Participation rate	62.4	62.2	67.6	67.3	57.6	57.4
Employed	126,319	127,117	65,892	66,314	60,427	60,804
Employment-population ratio	59.4	59.6	64.3	64.4	54.9	55.1
Unemployed	6,238	5,547	3,362	2,957	2,875	2,590
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.2	4.9	4.3	4.5	4.1
Not in labor force	79,925	80,713	33,251	33,718	46,674	46,995
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,620	2,587	2,564	2,567	2,418	2,458	2,499	2,646	2,507
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,695	1,663	1,676	1,668	1,633	1,603	1,647	1,730	1,645
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	899	900	865	864	795	841	853	879	833
Unpaid family workers	26	24	23	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	148,974	150,676	150,843	148,477	149,582	150,026	150,429	150,481	150,417
Wage and salary workers(1)	139,978	142,061	142,130	139,677	140,952	141,101	141,663	141,931	141,849
Government	20,889	20,901	21,015	20,615	20,796	20,843	20,858	20,683	20,772
Private industries	119,089	121,160	121,115	119,043	120,189	120,258	120,904	121,281	121,096
Private households	732	680	655	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	118,357	120,480	120,460	118,319	119,467	119,535	120,148	120,592	120,441
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,914	8,563	8,660	8,807	8,552	8,826	8,707	8,489	8,550
Unpaid family workers	82	53	53	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,238	5,058	5,038	6,409	5,840	5,704	5,553	5,272	5,219
Slack work or business conditions	3,721	3,059	2,921	3,879	3,583	3,574	3,402	3,174	3,082
Could only find part-time work	2,162	1,767	1,860	2,064	1,944	1,864	1,852	1,802	1,789
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,888	21,257	21,373	20,611	20,487	20,773	20,723	20,700	21,020
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,188	4,990	4,994	6,343	5,769	5,637	5,502	5,197	5,154
Slack work or business conditions	3,685	3,019	2,900	3,828	3,535	3,540	3,386	3,130	3,045
Could only find part-time work	2,156	1,750	1,853	2,059	1,947	1,853	1,842	1,781	1,776
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,492	20,849	21,060	20,215	20,136	20,445	20,396	20,349	20,677
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	151,594	153,262	153,407	151,058	152,081	152,528	153,000	153,156	152,923
16 to 19 years	4,857	4,866	4,941	4,914	5,028	5,023	5,173	5,105	5,017
16 to 17 years	1,663	1,699	1,802	1,739	1,813	1,779	1,904	1,884	1,888
18 to 19 years	3,194	3,167	3,138	3,185	3,219	3,252	3,269	3,244	3,145
20 years and over	146,737	148,396	148,466	146,144	147,054	147,505	147,826	148,051	147,906
20 to 24 years	14,018	14,082	14,130	14,072	14,070	14,181	14,198	14,247	14,177
25 years and over	132,719	134,314	134,337	131,996	132,956	133,252	133,639	133,741	133,647
25 to 54 years	98,203	98,920	98,867	97,795	98,190	98,371	98,557	98,649	98,481
25 to 34 years	33,707	34,455	34,291	33,549	34,136	34,247	34,460	34,413	34,160
35 to 44 years	31,693	31,833	31,929	31,579	31,553	31,614	31,592	31,745	31,794
45 to 54 years	32,803	32,633	32,647	32,668	32,502	32,511	32,506	32,491	32,527
55 years and over	34,516	35,394	35,469	34,201	34,765	34,880	35,081	35,092	35,166
Men, 16 years and over	80,673	81,341	81,572	80,389	81,013	81,141	81,136	81,419	81,290
16 to 19 years	2,432	2,419	2,446	2,462	2,509	2,567	2,581	2,581	2,489
16 to 17 years	801	853	846	831	871	895	947	957	884
18 to 19 years	1,631	1,566	1,600	1,634	1,641	1,677	1,636	1,631	1,614
20 years and over	78,241	78,922	79,126	77,926	78,503	78,573	78,556	78,838	78,801
20 to 24 years	7,205	7,214	7,344	7,214	7,302	7,223	7,241	7,293	7,335
25 years and over	71,036	71,708	71,782	70,654	71,202	71,299	71,315	71,532	71,422
25 to 54 years	52,657	52,800	52,874	52,439	52,705	52,687	52,640	52,770	52,678
25 to 34 years	18,224	18,415	18,426	18,142	18,472	18,408	18,445	18,426	18,362
35 to 44 years	17,127	17,234	17,247	17,057	17,048	17,072	17,086	17,217	17,169
45 to 54 years	17,306	17,151	17,201	17,240	17,185	17,206	17,108	17,127	17,147
55 years and over	18,379	18,908	18,909	18,215	18,497	18,612	18,675	18,762	18,743
Women, 16 years and over	70,921	71,921	71,835	70,670	71,069	71,388	71,863	71,737	71,633
16 to 19 years	2,424	2,447	2,495	2,452	2,518	2,456	2,593	2,524	2,528
16 to 17 years	862	846	956	907	942	884	956	927	1,004
18 to 19 years	1,563	1,601	1,538	1,551	1,578	1,574	1,633	1,614	1,531
20 years and over	68,496	69,474	69,340	68,218	68,550	68,932	69,271	69,213	69,105
20 to 24 years	6,813	6,868	6,786	6,858	6,767	6,957	6,958	6,954	6,842
25 years and over	61,683	62,606	62,555	61,342	61,754	61,953	62,324	62,209	62,226
25 to 54 years	45,546	46,120	45,994	45,356	45,485	45,685	45,918	45,879	45,803
25 to 34 years	15,483	16,039	15,865	15,407	15,664	15,838	16,014	15,987	15,798
35 to 44 years	14,566	14,599	14,682	14,521	14,505	14,541	14,505	14,528	14,624
45 to 54 years	15,498	15,481	15,447	15,428	15,317	15,305	15,398	15,364	15,380
55 years and over	16,137	16,486	16,561	15,986	16,269	16,268	16,406	16,330	16,423
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,215	46,135	45,968	45,007	45,593	46,017	45,907	46,029	45,784
Married women, spouse present(1)	35,279	36,079	36,275	35,183	35,402	35,640	35,992	35,918	36,121
Women who maintain families(2)	9,831	9,654	9,470	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	123,548	125,532	125,911	123,232	124,705	125,031	125,507	125,987	125,620
Part-time workers(4)	28,046	27,731	27,496	27,928	27,405	27,554	27,603	27,233	27,366
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,472	7,609	7,584	7,428	7,562	7,822	7,960	7,683	7,589
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.0	4.9	4.9	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.0
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,476	5,861	5,742	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,813	9,463	9,525	9,671	9,347	9,667	9,560	9,368	9,383
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	7,451	7,056	6,861	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.3
16 to 19 years	950	881	837	16.2	15.0	15.0	13.7	14.7	14.3
16 to 17 years	391	379	285	18.4	16.0	18.0	17.4	16.8	13.1
18 to 19 years	541	465	536	14.5	14.5	13.5	11.2	12.5	14.6
20 years and over	6,502	6,176	6,024	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.0	3.9
20 to 24 years	1,268	1,118	1,014	8.3	8.3	8.0	7.3	7.3	6.7
25 years and over	5,245	5,041	5,022	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.6	3.6
25 to 54 years	4,069	3,910	3,928	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.8
25 to 34 years	1,780	1,576	1,747	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.5	4.4	4.9
35 to 44 years	1,137	1,190	1,092	3.5	3.9	4.1	3.9	3.6	3.3
45 to 54 years	1,152	1,144	1,089	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.2
55 years and over	1,184	1,160	1,121	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.1
Men, 16 years and over	3,979	3,755	3,606	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.2
16 to 19 years	485	502	465	16.5	15.9	16.0	14.8	16.3	15.7
16 to 17 years	196	181	140	19.1	17.2	17.7	17.7	15.9	13.7
18 to 19 years	280	295	315	14.6	15.1	15.3	12.8	15.3	16.4
20 years and over	3,493	3,253	3,141	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.0	3.8
20 to 24 years	703	668	632	8.9	9.3	9.4	8.5	8.4	7.9
25 years and over	2,811	2,564	2,517	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.4
25 to 54 years	2,121	1,945	1,961	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.6	3.6
25 to 34 years	972	846	895	5.1	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.4	4.6
35 to 44 years	590	601	534	3.3	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.4	3.0
45 to 54 years	560	499	531	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.8	3.0
55 years and over	690	619	557	3.6	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.2	2.9
Women, 16 years and over	3,473	3,301	3,255	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.3
16 to 19 years	464	379	372	15.9	14.2	13.9	12.6	13.1	12.8
16 to 17 years	195	198	145	17.7	14.8	18.3	17.0	17.6	12.6
18 to 19 years	260	169	221	14.4	13.8	11.6	9.6	9.5	12.6
20 years and over	3,008	2,922	2,883	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.0	4.1	4.0
20 to 24 years	565	451	383	7.6	7.1	6.5	6.0	6.1	5.3
25 years and over	2,434	2,477	2,504	3.8	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.9
25 to 54 years	1,948	1,964	1,967	4.1	4.2	4.2	3.9	4.1	4.1
25 to 34 years	808	730	852	5.0	5.0	4.6	4.2	4.4	5.1
35 to 44 years	547	589	557	3.6	4.1	4.5	4.1	3.9	3.7
45 to 54 years	593	645	558	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.4	4.0	3.5
55 years and over	522	548	583	3.2	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.4
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,225	1,136	1,082	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.4	2.3
Married women, spouse present(1)	1,035	1,021	945	2.9	3.1	3.1	2.8	2.8	2.5
Women who maintain families(2)	694	615	688	6.6	6.3	6.5	5.5	6.0	6.8
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	6,086	5,613	5,488	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.3	4.2
Part-time workers(4)	1,342	1,425	1,366	4.6	4.8	5.1	4.9	5.0	4.8
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,322	3,369	3,017	3,578	3,713	3,709	3,519	3,538	3,327
On temporary layoff	645	794	575	836	1,062	979	953	934	814
Not on temporary layoff	2,677	2,576	2,442	2,742	2,651	2,730	2,567	2,604	2,513
Permanent job losers	1,955	1,795	1,699	1,985	1,981	2,042	1,819	1,806	1,741
Persons who completed temporary jobs	722	781	743	757	670	688	748	799	772
Job leavers	744	726	741	803	862	802	798	789	804
Reentrants	2,305	1,858	2,187	2,215	2,170	2,197	2,066	2,032	2,100
New entrants	835	602	628	865	813	773	790	712	656
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	46.1	51.4	45.9	48.0	49.1	49.6	49.1	50.0	48.3
On temporary layoff	9.0	12.1	8.7	11.2	14.0	13.1	13.3	13.2	11.8
Not on temporary layoff	37.1	39.3	37.2	36.7	35.1	36.5	35.8	36.8	36.5
Job leavers	10.3	11.1	11.3	10.8	11.4	10.7	11.1	11.2	11.7
Reentrants	32.0	28.4	33.3	29.7	28.7	29.4	28.8	28.7	30.5
New entrants	11.6	9.2	9.5	11.6	10.8	10.3	11.0	10.1	9.5
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.1
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.5	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,243	1,953	2,106	2,197	2,468	2,566	2,334	2,335	2,154
5 to 14 weeks	1,850	1,735	1,592	2,251	2,089	2,138	2,109	2,135	1,960
15 weeks and over	3,113	2,868	2,874	3,068	3,043	2,858	2,802	2,734	2,820
15 to 26 weeks	1,219	1,206	1,213	1,174	1,192	1,057	1,115	1,108	1,157
27 weeks and over	1,894	1,662	1,661	1,893	1,850	1,801	1,687	1,626	1,663
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	27.8	25.7	25.7	26.7	25.1	25.1	25.3	24.1	24.7
Median duration, in weeks	11.4	12.1	11.3	10.6	10.2	10.0	10.3	10.2	10.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	31.1	29.8	32.0	29.2	32.5	33.9	32.2	32.4	31.1
5 to 14 weeks	25.7	26.5	24.2	30.0	27.5	28.3	29.1	29.6	28.3
15 weeks and over	43.2	43.7	43.7	40.8	40.0	37.8	38.7	38.0	40.7
15 to 26 weeks	16.9	18.4	18.5	15.6	15.7	14.0	15.4	15.4	16.7
27 weeks and over	26.3	25.4	25.3	25.2	24.4	23.8	23.3	22.6	24.0
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017
Total, 16 years and over(1)	151,594	153,407	7,207	6,572	4.5	4.1
Management, professional, and related occupations	59,613	61,174	1,305	1,208	2.1	1.9
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	24,907	25,319	606	463	2.4	1.8
Professional and related occupations	34,706	35,855	699	745	2.0	2.0
Service occupations	26,931	27,001	1,533	1,529	5.4	5.4
Sales and office occupations	33,235	33,015	1,541	1,394	4.4	4.1
Sales and related occupations	15,721	15,510	850	733	5.1	4.5
Office and administrative support occupations	17,515	17,506	690	660	3.8	3.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,941	14,402	827	854	5.6	5.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,227	1,245	113	81	8.4	6.1
Construction and extraction occupations	7,964	8,235	519	562	6.1	6.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,750	4,921	196	211	4.0	4.1
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17,873	17,815	1,154	944	6.1	5.0
Production occupations	8,725	8,670	569	416	6.1	4.6
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,148	9,144	584	527	6.0	5.5
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017
Total, 16 years and over(1)	7,207	6,572	4.5	4.1
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,473	5,074	4.4	4.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	96	20	11.1	2.5
Construction	461	502	5.2	5.3
Manufacturing	738	504	4.7	3.2
Durable goods	466	327	4.7	3.3
Nondurable goods	272	178	4.8	3.1
Wholesale and retail trade	981	916	5.0	4.7
Transportation and utilities	254	262	3.9	4.2
Information	134	123	5.2	4.7
Financial activities	178	232	1.8	2.3
Professional and business services	713	690	4.3	4.1
Education and health services	679	675	2.9	2.8
Leisure and hospitality	933	905	6.6	6.3
Other services	305	245	4.6	3.6
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	116	103	6.5	6.0
Government workers	452	471	2.1	2.2
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	330	297	3.2	3.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	May 2016	Apr. 2017	May 2017	May 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	May 2017
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.0	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.1	2.1	1.9	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2	2.1
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.3
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	4.9	4.4	4.3	5.0	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.7	4.5
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	5.6	5.0	5.0	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.4	5.3	5.2
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	9.4	8.1	8.1	9.7	9.4	9.2	8.9	8.6	8.4
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017	May 2016	May 2017
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	94,374	94,788	37,792	38,113	56,582	56,675
Persons who currently want a job	6,449	5,976	3,061	2,801	3,388	3,175
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,713	1,475	896	761	817	714
Discouraged workers(2)	538	355	339	191	199	163
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,175	1,121	557	570	617	551
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,472	7,584	3,677	3,831	3,796	3,752
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.9	4.6	4.7	5.4	5.2
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	4,052	4,136	2,237	2,295	1,815	1,840
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,140	2,067	725	715	1,415	1,352
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	256	301	176	217	80	84
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	970	1,029	507	580	462	449
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)	Change from: Apr.2017 - May2017(p)
Total nonfarm	144,525	144,940	145,938	146,748	143,869	145,823	145,997	146,135	138
Total private	121,987	122,249	123,221	124,109	121,682	123,511	123,684	123,831	147
Goods-producing	19,727	19,587	19,786	20,016	19,699	19,950	19,969	19,985	16
Mining and logging	667	680	689	700	674	691	700	706	6
Logging	49.9	48.6	48.2	49.1	51.6	50.5	51.0	50.7	-0.3
Mining	617.5	631.4	640.6	650.6	622.6	640.4	648.7	655.3	6.6
Oil and gas extraction	179.2	176.8	177.0	178.9	180.4	178.3	179.2	179.8	0.6
Mining, except oil and gas	181.1	179.8	185.4	184.8	178.9	183.9	185.0	183.1	-1.9
Coal mining	49.5	50.1	50.5	50.6	49.8	50.4	50.6	51.0	0.4
Metal ore mining	38.6	39.1	38.9	38.7	38.7	39.2	39.1	38.8	-0.3
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	93.0	90.6	96.0	95.5	90.3	94.3	95.3	93.3	-2.0
Support activities for mining	257.2	274.8	278.2	286.9	263.3	278.2	284.5	292.4	7.9
Construction	6,748	6,582	6,758	6,940	6,690	6,871	6,870	6,881	11
Construction of buildings	1,486.5	1,478.4	1,497.0	1,530.2	1,487.7	1,523.7	1,525.6	1,531.1	5.5
Residential building	731.0	738.7	749.3	765.9	730.5	765.8	764.8	766.8	2.0
Nonresidential building	755.5	739.7	747.7	764.3	757.2	757.9	760.8	764.3	3.5
Heavy and civil engineering construction	968.5	888.6	943.1	993.8	946.4	964.0	962.3	969.5	7.2
Specialty trade contractors	4,293.3	4,215.0	4,318.1	4,416.0	4,255.7	4,382.8	4,382.0	4,380.8	-1.2
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,869.2	1,842.9	1,895.1	1,952.0	1,846.2	1,923.7	1,925.1	1,930.2	5.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,424.1	2,372.1	2,423.0	2,464.0	2,409.5	2,459.1	2,456.9	2,450.6	-6.3
Manufacturing	12,312	12,325	12,339	12,376	12,335	12,388	12,399	12,398	-1
Durable goods	7,709	7,706	7,712	7,733	7,712	7,728	7,734	7,736	2
Wood products	391.9	392.0	393.4	394.1	391.1	396.2	395.6	393.2	-2.4
Nonmetallic mineral products	411.2	407.5	412.6	417.2	406.3	416.3	415.4	412.2	-3.2
Primary metals	377.9	379.0	380.6	383.9	378.7	379.6	381.9	384.8	2.9
Fabricated metal products	1,425.2	1,425.6	1,427.1	1,431.2	1,425.1	1,428.3	1,427.8	1,431.3	3.5
Machinery	1,072.9	1,079.8	1,081.8	1,084.9	1,076.7	1,080.5	1,084.4	1,088.1	3.7
Computer and electronic products	1,051.4	1,034.8	1,032.6	1,034.0	1,051.9	1,037.0	1,036.4	1,034.7	-1.7
Computer and peripheral equipment	164.9	160.5	160.5	161.9	164.8	161.5	161.5	161.9	0.4
Communications equipment	85.8	84.5	84.6	84.7	85.9	84.7	84.8	84.7	-0.1
Semiconductors and electronic components	370.1	359.9	357.9	357.1	370.4	360.5	358.9	357.5	-1.4
Electronic instruments	395.3	396.3	396.2	397.1	395.5	396.7	397.6	397.2	-0.4
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	35.3	33.6	33.4	33.2	35.3	33.7	33.6	33.3	-0.3
Electrical equipment and appliances	381.2	385.7	385.3	385.2	382.1	386.3	386.3	386.0	-0.3
Transportation equipment(1)	1,621.9	1,620.2	1,617.0	1,620.7	1,623.6	1,618.1	1,620.3	1,622.7	2.4
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	937.3	946.5	946.6	942.7	938.4	943.2	945.2	943.7	-1.5
Furniture and related products	387.0	391.1	391.6	392.2	387.2	392.3	392.9	392.6	-0.3
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	588.8	590.4	590.4	589.6	589.4	592.9	592.5	590.5	-2.0
Nondurable goods	4,603	4,619	4,627	4,643	4,623	4,660	4,665	4,662	-3
Food manufacturing	1,523.8	1,560.3	1,569.1	1,573.4	1,545.3	1,585.5	1,594.1	1,594.7	0.6
Textile mills	114.7	110.8	109.8	110.2	114.1	110.8	110.1	109.8	-0.3
Textile product mills	116.1	111.7	111.6	111.5	116.3	112.5	112.0	111.7	-0.3
Apparel	131.0	124.0	122.8	122.3	131.7	124.5	123.6	123.1	-0.5
Paper and paper products	371.9	368.7	369.8	370.2	372.2	370.3	370.8	370.3	-0.5
Printing and related support activities	448.5	439.2	437.9	436.3	448.2	439.7	438.1	436.1	-2.0
Petroleum and coal products	112.5	108.3	110.3	113.3	111.5	111.3	111.9	112.0	0.1
Chemicals	810.3	816.6	815.8	817.8	811.1	817.1	817.5	818.3	0.8
Plastics and rubber products	704.2	701.7	700.0	699.3	701.1	700.6	699.1	695.3	-3.8
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	269.6	278.0	279.7	288.4	271.6	287.2	287.3	290.6	3.3
Private service-providing	102,260	102,662	103,435	104,093	101,983	103,561	103,715	103,846	131
Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,112	27,029	27,115	27,245	27,187	27,352	27,352	27,346	-6
Wholesale trade	5,866.6	5,876.0	5,897.6	5,915.2	5,857.0	5,902.6	5,908.6	5,906.5	-2.1
Durable goods	2,928.3	2,931.7	2,941.6	2,949.4	2,926.4	2,941.3	2,947.4	2,947.0	-0.4
Nondurable goods	2,040.8	2,044.7	2,056.5	2,067.2	2,034.5	2,059.5	2,060.9	2,061.5	0.6
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	897.5	899.6	899.5	898.6	896.1	901.8	900.3	898.0	-2.3
Retail trade	15,736.3	15,613.4	15,671.3	15,756.3	15,800.3	15,848.1	15,842.3	15,836.2	-6.1
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,983.1	1,999.1	2,011.3	2,020.4	1,975.1	2,009.6	2,012.3	2,013.4	1.1
Automobile dealers	1,277.6	1,297.4	1,300.0	1,304.8	1,277.0	1,301.7	1,302.9	1,304.7	1.8
Other motor vehicle dealers	154.2	149.9	156.6	162.5	148.8	154.2	155.8	156.8	1.0
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	551.3	551.8	554.7	553.1	549.3	553.7	553.6	552.0	-1.6
Furniture and home furnishings stores	467.0	479.5	477.6	477.1	473.4	484.8	484.4	483.4	-1.0
Electronics and appliance stores	513.2	508.6	502.5	497.7	528.3	514.2	513.0	511.2	-1.8
Building material and garden supply stores	1,343.5	1,285.5	1,329.3	1,356.7	1,269.2	1,286.7	1,281.9	1,283.5	1.6
Food and beverage stores	3,082.0	3,061.4	3,058.0	3,072.6	3,085.7	3,092.4	3,087.0	3,081.7	-5.3
Health and personal care stores	1,042.7	1,054.1	1,049.2	1,053.0	1,047.6	1,060.1	1,057.3	1,059.0	1.7
Gasoline stations	925.4	928.2	929.9	941.0	922.7	939.4	937.1	938.4	1.3
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,305.6	1,298.4	1,299.2	1,305.2	1,350.9	1,349.6	1,349.9	1,349.7	-0.2
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	603.8	583.2	583.6	586.8	622.1	603.5	604.2	605.3	1.1
General merchandise stores	3,113.7	3,058.3	3,063.1	3,057.2	3,160.0	3,116.4	3,120.6	3,114.4	-6.2
Department stores	1,266.0	1,240.5	1,239.1	1,232.9	1,303.0	1,277.9	1,276.8	1,273.1	-3.7
Other general merchandise stores	1,847.7	1,817.8	1,824.0	1,824.3	1,857.0	1,838.5	1,843.8	1,841.3	-2.5
Miscellaneous store retailers	835.3	809.8	819.4	837.2	831.4	834.2	834.8	833.5	-1.3
Nonstore retailers	521.0	547.3	548.2	551.4	533.9	557.2	559.8	562.7	2.9
Transportation and warehousing	4,955.0	4,985.8	4,992.9	5,020.5	4,975.7	5,046.6	5,046.4	5,050.0	3.6
Air transportation	478.4	481.6	483.4	488.4	476.8	483.9	484.5	486.5	2.0
Rail transportation	214.4	209.7	209.4	209.4	214.5	210.5	209.9	209.6	-0.3
Water transportation	66.7	62.6	64.2	64.8	66.2	64.4	64.6	64.4	-0.2
Truck transportation	1,448.5	1,448.8	1,460.3	1,471.1	1,450.4	1,475.6	1,473.9	1,473.8	-0.1
Transit and ground passenger transportation	501.7	484.5	479.8	490.4	483.7	470.4	466.9	471.4	4.5
Pipeline transportation	49.8	48.6	47.9	47.1	49.8	48.7	48.0	47.1	-0.9
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	36.8	27.5	31.4	38.8	34.3	35.5	35.9	36.0	0.1
Support activities for transportation	655.3	659.2	664.3	659.6	657.3	662.1	663.6	661.1	-2.5
Couriers and messengers	602.8	627.0	616.1	616.1	632.3	650.4	652.9	653.7	0.8
Warehousing and storage	900.6	936.3	936.1	934.8	910.4	945.1	946.2	946.4	0.2
Utilities	553.8	553.5	552.9	552.8	553.5	555.0	554.5	553.2	-1.3
Information	2,738	2,733	2,718	2,719	2,739	2,740	2,725	2,723	-2
Publishing industries, except Internet	725.4	725.2	721.4	721.8	729.7	727.8	725.0	726.0	1.0
Motion picture and sound recording industries	418.4	405.0	410.4	409.7	412.1	407.3	408.8	406.3	-2.5
Broadcasting, except Internet	269.4	266.5	262.4	259.1	270.3	265.8	262.1	260.1	-2.0
Telecommunications	770.9	769.3	755.2	754.9	771.6	769.5	757.3	756.2	-1.1
Data processing, hosting and related services	298.4	299.0	300.5	302.7	297.9	300.7	301.1	302.1	1.0
Other information services	255.9	267.5	268.3	270.8	257.5	268.9	270.5	272.3	1.8
Financial activities	8,248	8,356	8,377	8,414	8,263	8,403	8,417	8,428	11
Finance and insurance	6,114.3	6,206.8	6,212.6	6,223.5	6,129.3	6,219.0	6,230.5	6,237.2	6.7
Monetary authorities - central bank	18.4	18.8	18.7	18.7	18.6	18.8	18.8	18.8	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,601.3	2,644.0	2,644.7	2,651.2	2,605.7	2,648.5	2,650.6	2,655.3	4.7
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,696.9	1,714.2	1,712.1	1,719.3	1,697.5	1,715.2	1,715.4	1,719.1	3.7
Commercial banking	1,307.3	1,315.2	1,313.9	1,319.3	1,309.3	1,316.4	1,316.6	1,320.2	3.6
Nondepository credit intermediation	605.7	621.1	621.3	620.6	608.4	622.8	623.6	623.9	0.3
Activities related to credit intermediation	298.7	308.7	311.3	311.3	299.8	310.6	311.7	312.3	0.6
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	923.9	932.1	934.1	934.6	928.9	936.8	938.5	938.7	0.2
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,570.7	2,611.9	2,615.1	2,619.0	2,576.1	2,614.9	2,622.6	2,624.4	1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,134.0	2,149.2	2,164.6	2,190.2	2,133.2	2,184.3	2,186.0	2,190.4	4.4
Real estate	1,548.1	1,577.3	1,588.5	1,597.1	1,549.6	1,596.8	1,599.3	1,600.3	1.0
Rental and leasing services	562.5	548.9	553.1	569.9	560.2	564.2	563.4	566.9	3.5
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.4	23.0	23.0	23.2	23.4	23.3	23.3	23.2	-0.1
Professional and business services	20,027	20,337	20,556	20,648	20,022	20,568	20,606	20,644	38
Professional and technical services	8,776.9	9,120.0	9,159.2	9,054.7	8,833.8	9,078.0	9,101.1	9,112.0	10.9
Legal services	1,116.9	1,118.7	1,121.6	1,124.8	1,120.1	1,123.3	1,125.7	1,127.7	2.0
Accounting and bookkeeping services	932.9	1,105.3	1,096.3	952.8	980.9	996.9	1,002.4	1,002.0	-0.4
Architectural and engineering services	1,403.1	1,429.0	1,435.8	1,446.9	1,403.2	1,446.3	1,446.4	1,446.8	0.4
Specialized design services	139.4	141.3	142.4	142.0	138.9	142.9	142.7	141.8	-0.9
Computer systems design and related services	1,978.7	2,027.6	2,040.2	2,043.4	1,980.9	2,044.7	2,045.9	2,045.7	-0.2
Management and technical consulting services	1,358.8	1,410.9	1,424.7	1,435.8	1,361.6	1,424.6	1,432.5	1,438.9	6.4
Scientific research and development services	680.1	697.0	697.4	702.5	678.5	699.8	699.6	701.4	1.8
Advertising and related services	489.5	487.0	489.8	488.5	490.5	490.0	492.2	489.3	-2.9
Other professional and technical services	677.5	703.2	711.0	718.0	679.2	709.5	713.6	718.4	4.8
Management of companies and enterprises	2,228.2	2,260.8	2,260.3	2,268.3	2,230.4	2,267.9	2,269.6	2,271.3	1.7
Administrative and waste services	9,022.3	8,956.5	9,136.3	9,325.3	8,958.2	9,221.6	9,235.6	9,260.8	25.2
Administrative and support services	8,619.7	8,548.8	8,726.0	8,909.6	8,556.1	8,806.6	8,820.9	8,845.3	24.4
Office administrative services	490.6	515.7	518.1	522.9	490.5	517.3	518.9	522.1	3.2
Facilities support services	141.4	139.5	141.3	141.8	140.7	139.2	140.9	141.3	0.4
Employment services(1)	3,518.9	3,547.7	3,586.2	3,672.3	3,525.5	3,661.6	3,666.2	3,680.4	14.2
Temporary help services	2,869.3	2,900.3	2,933.1	3,006.7	2,875.8	2,999.3	3,003.4	3,016.3	12.9
Business support services	896.7	912.4	906.3	899.0	907.7	915.2	913.3	911.6	-1.7
Travel arrangement and reservation services	218.3	215.2	214.9	215.8	216.6	216.2	214.6	214.3	-0.3
Investigation and security services	896.3	905.7	906.2	911.1	898.8	912.7	912.0	913.9	1.9
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,144.9	1,992.7	2,131.3	2,222.9	2,065.1	2,123.6	2,133.3	2,139.7	6.4
Other support services	312.6	319.9	321.7	323.8	311.2	320.8	321.9	322.0	0.1
Waste management and remediation services	402.6	407.7	410.3	415.7	402.1	415.0	414.7	415.5	0.8
Education and health services	22,617	23,115	23,187	23,145	22,544	22,972	23,022	23,069	47
Educational services	3,604.8	3,788.2	3,800.2	3,697.3	3,557.1	3,624.9	3,630.1	3,644.8	14.7
Health care and social assistance	19,012.4	19,326.6	19,386.4	19,447.7	18,987.2	19,346.7	19,391.6	19,423.9	32.3
Health care(3)	15,361.1	15,615.8	15,648.5	15,687.6	15,373.4	15,653.6	15,678.2	15,702.5	24.3
Ambulatory health care services	7,054.7	7,212.9	7,243.5	7,266.7	7,053.3	7,233.5	7,253.2	7,265.8	12.6
Offices of physicians	2,513.9	2,562.4	2,570.3	2,574.6	2,517.3	2,567.1	2,575.3	2,578.5	3.2
Offices of dentists	924.3	937.5	938.4	943.5	924.2	942.0	941.2	943.6	2.4
Offices of other health practitioners	855.2	888.1	893.0	900.3	852.9	891.8	894.4	897.9	3.5
Outpatient care centers	849.8	897.0	897.7	898.3	849.7	896.9	897.2	897.9	0.7
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	262.6	257.9	258.1	257.3	262.8	258.4	258.0	258.1	0.1
Home health care services	1,362.7	1,382.6	1,393.6	1,400.4	1,359.4	1,388.5	1,394.8	1,397.3	2.5
Other ambulatory health care services	286.2	287.4	292.4	292.3	287.0	288.9	292.3	292.6	0.3
Hospitals	4,998.2	5,090.3	5,085.2	5,092.0	5,008.9	5,093.3	5,097.0	5,104.4	7.4
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,308.2	3,312.6	3,319.8	3,328.9	3,311.2	3,326.8	3,328.0	3,332.3	4.3
Nursing care facilities	1,640.9	1,633.8	1,635.7	1,635.8	1,643.9	1,642.4	1,640.6	1,639.7	-0.9
Residential mental health facilities	614.2	618.1	619.8	623.8	614.6	619.4	620.7	623.6	2.9
Community care facilities for the elderly	889.6	897.6	899.2	904.6	888.9	900.4	901.2	903.8	2.6
Other residential care facilities	163.5	163.1	165.1	164.7	163.9	164.6	165.4	165.2	-0.2
Social assistance	3,651.3	3,710.8	3,737.9	3,760.1	3,613.8	3,693.1	3,713.4	3,721.4	8.0
Individual and family services	2,223.5	2,278.9	2,297.8	2,310.1	2,210.7	2,276.7	2,293.2	2,298.0	4.8
Emergency and other relief services	160.5	169.0	168.7	169.5	160.7	168.7	167.9	169.6	1.7
Vocational rehabilitation services	338.8	331.8	336.3	335.0	338.3	334.9	337.2	334.6	-2.6
Child day care services	928.5	931.1	935.1	945.5	904.0	912.7	915.1	919.1	4.0
Leisure and hospitality	15,824	15,398	15,750	16,150	15,561	15,803	15,861	15,892	31
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,302.7	2,067.0	2,204.7	2,346.3	2,213.8	2,236.6	2,260.9	2,258.7	-2.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	472.6	424.3	468.2	483.5	446.9	444.1	454.8	456.2	1.4
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	165.9	153.2	160.9	172.5	160.0	162.6	164.5	165.9	1.4
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,664.2	1,489.5	1,575.6	1,690.3	1,606.9	1,629.9	1,641.6	1,636.6	-5.0
Accommodation and food services	13,521.1	13,330.7	13,545.7	13,804.1	13,346.7	13,566.8	13,599.9	13,632.9	33.0
Accommodation	1,943.1	1,883.1	1,909.3	1,961.0	1,941.8	1,951.4	1,958.2	1,960.9	2.7
Food services and drinking places	11,578.0	11,447.6	11,636.4	11,843.1	11,404.9	11,615.4	11,641.7	11,672.0	30.3
Other services	5,694	5,694	5,732	5,772	5,667	5,723	5,732	5,744	12
Repair and maintenance	1,295.9	1,293.3	1,298.2	1,302.7	1,286.5	1,293.1	1,292.8	1,293.6	0.8
Personal and laundry services	1,452.3	1,458.7	1,480.2	1,494.5	1,439.3	1,469.6	1,476.8	1,480.8	4.0
Membership associations and organizations	2,945.9	2,942.3	2,953.1	2,974.4	2,941.5	2,960.2	2,962.3	2,969.7	7.4
Government	22,538	22,691	22,717	22,639	22,187	22,312	22,313	22,304	-9
Federal	2,790.0	2,796.0	2,799.0	2,812.0	2,791.0	2,813.0	2,807.0	2,815.0	8.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,182.8	2,179.9	2,184.7	2,195.6	2,182.0	2,196.0	2,195.6	2,196.8	1.2
U.S. Postal Service	607.3	615.6	614.1	616.7	608.8	616.9	611.4	618.4	7.0
State government	5,096.0	5,250.0	5,262.0	5,100.0	5,079.0	5,094.0	5,093.0	5,085.0	-8.0
State government education	2,414.6	2,578.2	2,588.8	2,429.9	2,403.8	2,417.9	2,420.2	2,418.8	-1.4
State government, excluding education	2,681.4	2,671.9	2,672.8	2,670.1	2,674.9	2,676.1	2,672.8	2,665.7	-7.1
Local government	14,652.0	14,645.0	14,656.0	14,727.0	14,317.0	14,405.0	14,413.0	14,404.0	-9.0
Local government education	8,248.9	8,300.7	8,277.1	8,280.7	7,913.9	7,956.8	7,960.1	7,954.3	-5.8
Local government, excluding education	6,403.5	6,344.1	6,378.7	6,446.4	6,403.4	6,447.8	6,453.0	6,449.7	-3.3
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.3	34.4	34.4
Goods-producing	40.3	40.1	40.3	40.3
Mining and logging	43.1	44.7	45.0	44.9
Construction	39.1	38.7	39.2	39.2
Manufacturing	40.7	40.6	40.7	40.7
Durable goods	41.2	41.1	41.1	41.2
Nondurable goods	39.9	39.7	40.0	39.9
Private service-providing	33.2	33.2	33.3	33.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.3	34.3	34.5	34.4
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.9	39.0	39.0
Retail trade	31.0	30.9	31.2	31.0
Transportation and warehousing	38.8	38.5	38.7	38.7
Utilities	42.2	42.3	42.0	42.0
Information	36.0	36.3	36.3	36.3
Financial activities	37.4	37.3	37.5	37.4
Professional and business services	36.1	36.0	36.0	36.0
Education and health services	32.8	32.9	32.9	32.9
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	26.0	26.1	26.0
Other services	31.9	31.9	31.9	31.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3
Durable goods	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.3
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)
Total private	$25.59	$26.13	$26.18	$26.22	$880.30	$896.26	$900.59	$901.97
Goods-producing	26.90	27.35	27.48	27.46	1,084.07	1,096.74	1,107.44	1,106.64
Mining and logging	32.33	32.60	32.62	32.79	1,393.42	1,457.22	1,467.90	1,472.27
Construction	28.06	28.56	28.55	28.68	1,097.15	1,105.27	1,119.16	1,124.26
Manufacturing	25.99	26.39	26.59	26.47	1,057.79	1,071.43	1,082.21	1,077.33
Durable goods	27.31	27.64	27.85	27.70	1,125.17	1,136.00	1,144.64	1,141.24
Nondurable goods	23.71	24.24	24.45	24.35	946.03	962.33	978.00	971.57
Private service-providing	25.28	25.84	25.88	25.93	839.30	857.89	861.80	860.88
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22.26	22.64	22.65	22.75	763.52	776.55	781.43	782.60
Wholesale trade	29.46	29.94	29.97	30.04	1,143.05	1,164.67	1,168.83	1,171.56
Retail trade	17.85	18.03	18.05	18.12	553.35	557.13	563.16	561.72
Transportation and warehousing	23.06	23.69	23.68	23.84	894.73	912.07	916.42	922.61
Utilities	38.24	38.88	39.30	38.98	1,613.73	1,644.62	1,650.60	1,637.16
Information	36.56	37.56	37.96	38.14	1,316.16	1,363.43	1,377.95	1,384.48
Financial activities	32.15	32.74	32.87	32.96	1,202.41	1,221.20	1,232.63	1,232.70
Professional and business services	30.75	31.57	31.54	31.49	1,110.08	1,136.52	1,135.44	1,133.64
Education and health services	25.70	26.08	26.16	26.19	842.96	858.03	860.66	861.65
Leisure and hospitality	14.81	15.32	15.36	15.43	386.54	398.32	400.90	401.18
Other services	22.96	23.50	23.57	23.58	732.42	749.65	751.88	749.84
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2017 - May 2017(p)	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2017 - May 2017(p)
Total private	105.1	106.3	106.8	106.9	0.1	128.5	132.8	133.7	134.0	0.2
Goods-producing	90.4	91.1	91.7	91.8	0.1	110.0	112.7	113.9	113.9	0.0
Mining and logging	91.3	97.1	99.0	99.6	0.6	118.5	127.0	129.6	131.1	1.2
Construction	90.2	91.7	92.8	93.0	0.2	109.9	113.7	115.2	115.9	0.6
Manufacturing	90.3	90.5	90.8	90.8	0.0	109.2	111.0	112.3	111.7	-0.5
Durable goods	89.5	89.4	89.5	89.7	0.2	108.5	109.8	110.7	110.4	-0.3
Nondurable goods	92.1	92.3	93.1	92.8	-0.3	110.7	113.6	115.5	114.7	-0.7
Private service-providing	108.9	110.6	111.1	110.9	-0.2	133.8	138.9	139.7	139.8	0.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	101.4	102.0	102.6	102.3	-0.3	121.5	124.3	125.1	125.3	0.2
Wholesale trade	99.2	100.2	100.5	100.5	0.0	121.9	125.2	125.7	126.0	0.2
Retail trade	99.5	99.5	100.4	99.7	-0.7	117.4	118.6	119.8	119.5	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing	110.5	111.2	111.8	111.9	0.1	129.3	133.7	134.3	135.3	0.7
Utilities	101.1	101.6	100.8	100.5	-0.3	127.7	130.5	130.8	129.5	-1.0
Information	90.1	90.8	90.3	90.3	0.0	117.2	121.5	122.1	122.6	0.4
Financial activities	101.2	102.7	103.4	103.2	-0.2	126.9	131.1	132.5	132.7	0.2
Professional and business services	113.7	116.5	116.7	116.9	0.2	141.6	149.0	149.1	149.1	0.0
Education and health services	120.7	123.4	123.7	123.9	0.2	149.3	154.8	155.6	156.1	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	115.9	117.2	118.1	117.9	-0.2	138.5	144.9	146.4	146.8	0.3
Other services	104.2	105.3	105.4	105.3	-0.1	131.2	135.6	136.2	136.1	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)
Total nonfarm	71,255	72,228	72,283	72,345	49.5	49.5	49.5	49.5
Total private	58,543	59,424	59,472	59,533	48.1	48.1	48.1	48.1
Goods-producing	4,310	4,364	4,375	4,380	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
Mining and logging	101	100	101	101	15.0	14.5	14.4	14.3
Construction	835	859	865	869	12.5	12.5	12.6	12.6
Manufacturing	3,374	3,405	3,409	3,410	27.4	27.5	27.5	27.5
Durable goods	1,803	1,807	1,807	1,805	23.4	23.4	23.4	23.3
Nondurable goods	1,571	1,598	1,602	1,605	34.0	34.3	34.3	34.4
Private service-providing	54,233	55,060	55,097	55,153	53.2	53.2	53.1	53.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,056	11,019	11,002	10,985	40.7	40.3	40.2	40.2
Wholesale trade	1,733.7	1,741.3	1,740.9	1,741.3	29.6	29.5	29.5	29.5
Retail trade	7,978.4	7,925.9	7,912.1	7,898.2	50.5	50.0	49.9	49.9
Transportation and warehousing	1,213.0	1,224.0	1,221.3	1,218.0	24.4	24.3	24.2	24.1
Utilities	130.6	127.3	127.5	127.3	23.6	22.9	23.0	23.0
Information	1,093	1,092	1,090	1,087	39.9	39.9	40.0	39.9
Financial activities	4,706	4,757	4,759	4,758	57.0	56.6	56.5	56.5
Professional and business services	8,966	9,247	9,249	9,273	44.8	45.0	44.9	44.9
Education and health services	17,370	17,707	17,737	17,774	77.0	77.1	77.0	77.0
Leisure and hospitality	8,069	8,219	8,235	8,246	51.9	52.0	51.9	51.9
Other services	2,973	3,019	3,025	3,030	52.5	52.8	52.8	52.8
Government	12,712	12,804	12,811	12,812	57.3	57.4	57.4	57.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)
Total private	100,140	101,826	101,921	101,987
Goods-producing	14,180	14,369	14,374	14,378
Mining and logging	474	488	497	503
Construction	5,051	5,186	5,171	5,165
Manufacturing	8,655	8,695	8,706	8,710
Durable goods	5,302	5,314	5,314	5,318
Nondurable goods	3,353	3,381	3,392	3,392
Private service-providing	85,960	87,457	87,547	87,609
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22,843	23,017	23,019	23,010
Wholesale trade	4,684.7	4,726.8	4,732.2	4,731.2
Retail trade	13,415.0	13,462.2	13,455.8	13,448.2
Transportation and warehousing	4,300.5	4,380.2	4,384.5	4,385.1
Utilities	443.0	447.4	446.5	445.1
Information	2,204	2,207	2,199	2,194
Financial activities	6,405	6,531	6,538	6,544
Professional and business services	16,370	16,845	16,856	16,870
Education and health services	19,763	20,177	20,217	20,258
Leisure and hospitality	13,675	13,937	13,968	13,974
Other services	4,700	4,743	4,750	4,759
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.6	33.6	33.7	33.6
Goods-producing	41.2	41.0	41.3	41.2
Mining and logging	45.0	45.8	46.0	45.7
Construction	39.6	39.3	39.9	39.9
Manufacturing	41.9	41.8	41.8	41.8
Durable goods	42.3	42.2	42.2	42.2
Nondurable goods	41.1	41.0	41.2	41.1
Private service-providing	32.3	32.4	32.4	32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.5	33.6	33.8	33.7
Wholesale trade	38.5	38.8	38.8	38.8
Retail trade	29.7	30.1	30.3	30.2
Transportation and warehousing	38.9	38.0	38.3	38.3
Utilities	42.1	42.6	42.5	42.3
Information	35.6	35.8	35.9	35.9
Financial activities	36.9	36.9	36.9	37.0
Professional and business services	35.4	35.3	35.4	35.3
Education and health services	32.2	32.2	32.1	32.1
Leisure and hospitality	24.9	24.8	24.8	24.7
Other services	30.8	30.7	30.8	30.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2
Durable goods	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4
Nondurable goods	4.0	4.0	4.1	4.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)
Total private	$21.48	$21.90	$21.97	$22.00	$721.73	$735.84	$740.39	$739.20
Goods-producing	22.52	22.94	22.98	23.03	927.82	940.54	949.07	948.84
Mining and logging	27.12	27.73	27.55	27.31	1,220.40	1,270.03	1,267.30	1,248.07
Construction	25.86	26.40	26.37	26.50	1,024.06	1,037.52	1,052.16	1,057.35
Manufacturing	20.41	20.70	20.77	20.79	855.18	865.26	868.19	869.02
Durable goods	21.48	21.66	21.71	21.75	908.60	914.05	916.16	917.85
Nondurable goods	18.68	19.14	19.27	19.25	767.75	784.74	793.92	791.18
Private service-providing	21.26	21.69	21.75	21.79	686.70	702.76	704.70	706.00
Trade, transportation, and utilities	18.95	19.22	19.26	19.30	634.83	645.79	650.99	650.41
Wholesale trade	24.19	24.55	24.67	24.69	931.32	952.54	957.20	957.97
Retail trade	15.03	15.20	15.23	15.24	446.39	457.52	461.47	460.25
Transportation and warehousing	20.84	21.17	21.23	21.34	810.68	804.46	813.11	817.32
Utilities	35.03	36.30	36.23	36.28	1,474.76	1,546.38	1,539.78	1,534.64
Information	29.91	30.47	30.54	30.64	1,064.80	1,090.83	1,096.39	1,099.98
Financial activities	26.04	26.36	26.45	26.48	960.88	972.68	976.01	979.76
Professional and business services	25.34	25.92	26.01	26.02	897.04	914.98	920.75	918.51
Education and health services	22.45	22.88	22.96	22.98	722.89	736.74	737.02	737.66
Leisure and hospitality	12.80	13.24	13.30	13.35	318.72	328.35	329.84	329.75
Other services	19.31	19.73	19.80	19.79	594.75	605.71	609.84	607.55
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2017 - May 2017(p)	May 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017(p)	May 2017(p)	Percent change from: Apr. 2017 - May 2017(p)
Total private	112.1	114.0	114.4	114.2	-0.2	160.9	166.8	168.0	167.9	-0.1
Goods-producing	89.3	90.0	90.7	90.5	-0.2	123.1	126.5	127.7	127.7	0.0
Mining and logging	113.3	118.8	121.5	122.2	0.6	178.8	191.5	194.7	194.0	-0.4
Construction	100.1	102.0	103.3	103.2	-0.1	139.8	145.5	147.1	147.7	0.4
Manufacturing	83.2	83.4	83.5	83.6	0.1	111.1	112.9	113.5	113.6	0.1
Durable goods	84.3	84.3	84.3	84.3	0.0	113.0	114.0	114.2	114.5	0.3
Nondurable goods	81.2	81.7	82.3	82.1	-0.2	107.2	110.5	112.1	111.7	-0.4
Private service-providing	118.2	120.7	120.8	120.9	0.1	172.4	179.5	180.2	180.6	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.7	107.8	108.5	108.1	-0.4	144.2	147.8	149.0	148.8	-0.1
Wholesale trade	106.2	108.0	108.1	108.1	0.0	151.4	156.2	157.1	157.2	0.1
Retail trade	100.9	102.6	103.2	102.8	-0.4	129.9	133.6	134.7	134.3	-0.3
Transportation and warehousing	125.9	125.3	126.4	126.4	0.0	166.5	168.3	170.2	171.1	0.5
Utilities	95.4	97.5	97.0	96.3	-0.7	139.5	147.7	146.8	145.8	-0.7
Information	89.6	90.2	90.1	89.9	-0.2	132.6	136.0	136.2	136.4	0.1
Financial activities	111.3	113.5	113.6	114.0	0.4	178.2	184.0	184.8	185.7	0.5
Professional and business services	129.9	133.3	133.7	133.5	-0.1	195.8	205.6	207.0	206.7	-0.1
Education and health services	135.7	138.5	138.4	138.6	0.1	201.1	209.2	209.7	210.3	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	124.7	126.6	126.9	126.4	-0.4	181.3	190.4	191.6	191.7	0.1
Other services	101.5	102.1	102.6	102.5	-0.1	142.8	146.8	148.0	147.7	-0.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.