Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                  USDL-17-0551
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 5, 2017

Technical information:
 Household data:     (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data: (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:      (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                          THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- APRIL 2017


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 211,000 in April, and the unemployment
rate was little changed at 4.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported
today. Job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality, health care and social
assistance, financial activities, and mining.

Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 4.4 percent, and the number of unemployed persons,
at 7.1 million, changed little in April. Over the year, the unemployment rate has
declined by 0.6 percentage point, and the number of unemployed has fallen by 854,000.
(See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men declined to 4.0
percent in April. The jobless rates for adult women (4.1 percent), teenagers (14.7
percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (7.9 percent), Asians (3.2 percent), and
Hispanics (5.2 percent) showed little change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially
unchanged at 1.6 million in April and accounted for 22.6 percent of the unemployed. Over
the year, the number of long-term unemployed was down by 433,000. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, changed little in April and has
shown little movement over the past year. The employment-population ratio, at 60.2
percent, was also little changed over the month but was up by 0.5 percentage point since
December. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to
as involuntary part-time workers) declined by 281,000 to 5.3 million in April. These
individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time
because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find full-time
jobs. Over the past 12 months, the number of persons employed part time for economic
reasons has decreased by 698,000. (See table A-8.)

In April, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 
181,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals
were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a
job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they
had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 455,000 discouraged workers in April, down
by 113,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged
workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are 
available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the labor
force in April had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or
family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 211,000 in April. Employment rose in
leisure and hospitality, health care and social assistance, financial activities, and
mining. (See table B-1.)

In April, leisure and hospitality added 55,000 jobs. Employment in food services and
drinking places continued to trend up over the month (+26,000) and has increased by
260,000 over the year.

Employment in health care and social assistance increased by 37,000 in April. Health
care employment continued to trend up over the month (+20,000). This is in line with
the industry's average monthly job growth during the first quarter of this year but
below the average gain of 32,000 per month in 2016. Social assistance added 17,000
jobs in April, with all of the gain in individual and family services.

In April, financial activities added 19,000 jobs, with insurance carriers and related
activities accounting for most of the gain (+14,000). Over the year, financial
activities has added 173,000 jobs.

Employment in mining rose by 9,000 in April, with most of the increase in support
activities for mining (+7,000). Since a recent low in October 2016, mining has added
44,000 jobs, with three-fourths of the gain in support activities for mining.

Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in April
(+39,000). The industry has added 612,000 jobs over the past 12 months.

Employment in other major industries, including construction, manufacturing, wholesale
trade, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, information, and government,
showed little change over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1
hour to 34.4 hours in April. In manufacturing, the workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to
40.7 hours, and overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek
for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by
0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose
by 7 cents to $26.19. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 65 cents,
or 2.5 percent. In April, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees increased by 6 cents to $21.96. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised up from +219,000
to +232,000, and the change for March was revised down from +98,000 to +79,000. With
these revisions, employment gains in February and March combined were 6,000 lower than
previously reported. Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from
businesses since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal
factors. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 174,000.

______________
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 2, 2017,
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Change from: Mar. 2017- Apr. 2017
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	252,969	254,246	254,414	254,588	174
Civilian labor force	158,938	160,056	160,201	160,213	12
Participation rate	62.8	63.0	63.0	62.9	-0.1
Employed	151,028	152,528	153,000	153,156	156
Employment-population ratio	59.7	60.0	60.1	60.2	0.1
Unemployed	7,910	7,528	7,202	7,056	-146
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.7	4.5	4.4	-0.1
Not in labor force	94,031	94,190	94,213	94,375	162
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	5.0	4.7	4.5	4.4	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	4.6	4.3	4.3	4.0	-0.3
Adult women (20 years and over)	4.5	4.3	4.0	4.1	0.1
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	16.0	15.0	13.7	14.7	1.0
White	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.8	-0.1
Black or African American	8.8	8.1	8.0	7.9	-0.1
Asian	3.8	3.4	3.3	3.2	-0.1
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	6.1	5.6	5.1	5.2	0.1
Total, 25 years and over	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.6	-0.2
Less than a high school diploma	7.5	7.9	6.8	6.5	-0.3
High school graduates, no college	5.4	5.0	4.9	4.6	-0.3
Some college or associate degree	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.7	0.0
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.4	-0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,864	3,709	3,519	3,538	19
Job leavers	864	802	798	789	-9
Reentrants	2,337	2,197	2,066	2,032	-34
New entrants	847	773	790	712	-78
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,573	2,566	2,334	2,335	1
5 to 14 weeks	2,155	2,138	2,109	2,135	26
15 to 26 weeks	1,281	1,057	1,115	1,108	-7
27 weeks and over	2,059	1,801	1,687	1,626	-61
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	5,970	5,704	5,553	5,272	-281
Slack work or business conditions	3,706	3,574	3,402	3,174	-228
Could only find part-time work	1,993	1,864	1,852	1,802	-50
Part time for noneconomic reasons	20,471	20,773	20,723	20,700	-23
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	1,715	1,723	1,595	1,534	-
Discouraged workers	568	522	460	455	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	153	232	79	211
Total private	158	222	77	194
Goods-producing	-9	88	23	21
Mining and logging	-9	12	9	10
Construction	-1	54	1	5
Manufacturing	1	22	13	6
Durable goods(1)	-1	4	8	-3
Motor vehicles and parts	8.8	-5.5	2.3	2.8
Nondurable goods	2	18	5	9
Private service-providing	167	134	54	173
Wholesale trade	5.1	10.8	1.1	8.2
Retail trade	-5.7	-28.7	-27.4	6.3
Transportation and warehousing	11.3	7.6	6.6	3.5
Utilities	-0.1	-0.4	-0.3	0.7
Information	2	-6	-6	-7
Financial activities	18	5	4	19
Professional and business services(1)	66	35	57	39
Temporary help services	7.0	9.8	13.0	5.8
Education and health services(1)	52	68	10	41
Health care and social assistance	36.9	35.8	16.4	36.8
Leisure and hospitality	15	33	9	55
Other services	4	10	0	7
Government	-5	10	2	17
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	205	201	176	174
Total private	189	192	168	164
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.5	49.6	49.5	49.5
Total private women employees	48.1	48.1	48.1	48.1
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.3	82.4	82.5	82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.3	34.3	34.4
Average hourly earnings	$25.54	$26.10	$26.12	$26.19
Average weekly earnings	$878.58	$895.23	$895.92	$900.94
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	105.0	106.3	106.3	106.8
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	-0.1	0.0	0.5
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	128.3	132.6	132.8	133.7
Over-the-month percent change	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.7
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (261 industries)	52.1	65.1	58.8	60.2
Manufacturing (78 industries)	42.3	64.7	55.1	53.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 634,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	252,969	254,414	254,588	252,969	254,742	254,082	254,246	254,414	254,588
Civilian labor force	158,488	159,912	159,817	158,938	159,640	159,716	160,056	160,201	160,213
Participation rate	62.7	62.9	62.8	62.8	62.7	62.9	63.0	63.0	62.9
Employed	151,075	152,628	153,262	151,028	152,111	152,081	152,528	153,000	153,156
Employment-population ratio	59.7	60.0	60.2	59.7	59.7	59.9	60.0	60.1	60.2
Unemployed	7,413	7,284	6,555	7,910	7,529	7,635	7,528	7,202	7,056
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.6	4.1	5.0	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4
Not in labor force	94,481	94,502	94,771	94,031	95,102	94,366	94,190	94,213	94,375
Persons who currently want a job	5,671	5,507	5,560	5,813	5,662	5,739	5,597	5,781	5,707
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,213	122,945	123,032	122,213	123,099	122,781	122,862	122,945	123,032
Civilian labor force	84,323	84,718	84,851	84,652	84,979	85,096	85,194	85,076	85,175
Participation rate	69.0	68.9	69.0	69.3	69.0	69.3	69.3	69.2	69.2
Employed	80,302	80,546	81,341	80,423	80,861	81,013	81,141	81,136	81,419
Employment-population ratio	65.7	65.5	66.1	65.8	65.7	66.0	66.0	66.0	66.2
Unemployed	4,021	4,172	3,509	4,228	4,118	4,083	4,053	3,940	3,755
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.9	4.1	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.6	4.4
Not in labor force	37,890	38,227	38,181	37,561	38,120	37,685	37,668	37,870	37,857
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	113,746	114,455	114,538	113,746	114,603	114,297	114,375	114,455	114,538
Civilian labor force	81,655	81,924	82,019	81,743	81,983	82,113	82,138	82,046	82,091
Participation rate	71.8	71.6	71.6	71.9	71.5	71.8	71.8	71.7	71.7
Employed	78,028	78,172	78,922	77,993	78,379	78,503	78,573	78,556	78,838
Employment-population ratio	68.6	68.3	68.9	68.6	68.4	68.7	68.7	68.6	68.8
Unemployed	3,628	3,752	3,096	3,750	3,605	3,609	3,564	3,491	3,253
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.6	3.8	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.0
Not in labor force	32,090	32,531	32,519	32,003	32,620	32,184	32,237	32,409	32,447
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	130,756	131,469	131,556	130,756	131,643	131,301	131,384	131,469	131,556
Civilian labor force	74,164	75,194	74,967	74,286	74,661	74,621	74,862	75,126	75,038
Participation rate	56.7	57.2	57.0	56.8	56.7	56.8	57.0	57.1	57.0
Employed	70,773	72,082	71,921	70,605	71,250	71,069	71,388	71,863	71,737
Employment-population ratio	54.1	54.8	54.7	54.0	54.1	54.1	54.3	54.7	54.5
Unemployed	3,391	3,112	3,046	3,681	3,411	3,552	3,475	3,262	3,301
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.1	4.1	5.0	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.4
Not in labor force	56,592	56,275	56,590	56,469	56,982	56,681	56,521	56,343	56,518
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	122,524	123,212	123,296	122,524	123,383	123,052	123,131	123,212	123,296
Civilian labor force	71,329	72,354	72,181	71,316	71,831	71,686	72,011	72,160	72,136
Participation rate	58.2	58.7	58.5	58.2	58.2	58.3	58.5	58.6	58.5
Employed	68,346	69,559	69,474	68,099	68,760	68,550	68,932	69,271	69,213
Employment-population ratio	55.8	56.5	56.3	55.6	55.7	55.7	56.0	56.2	56.1
Unemployed	2,983	2,795	2,707	3,218	3,071	3,136	3,079	2,890	2,922
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.9	3.7	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.0	4.1
Not in labor force	51,196	50,858	51,116	51,208	51,552	51,366	51,119	51,052	51,161
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,699	16,747	16,754	16,699	16,756	16,734	16,740	16,747	16,754
Civilian labor force	5,504	5,634	5,618	5,879	5,826	5,917	5,907	5,995	5,986
Participation rate	33.0	33.6	33.5	35.2	34.8	35.4	35.3	35.8	35.7
Employed	4,701	4,897	4,866	4,936	4,972	5,028	5,023	5,173	5,105
Employment-population ratio	28.2	29.2	29.0	29.6	29.7	30.0	30.0	30.9	30.5
Unemployed	802	737	752	943	854	890	884	822	881
Unemployment rate	14.6	13.1	13.4	16.0	14.7	15.0	15.0	13.7	14.7
Not in labor force	11,195	11,113	11,136	10,820	10,930	10,816	10,833	10,752	10,768
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	197,906	198,604	198,685	197,906	198,845	198,453	198,525	198,604	198,685
Civilian labor force	124,416	124,804	124,676	124,732	124,616	124,675	124,856	125,046	124,925
Participation rate	62.9	62.8	62.8	63.0	62.7	62.8	62.9	63.0	62.9
Employed	119,337	119,831	120,214	119,341	119,263	119,311	119,740	120,180	120,142
Employment-population ratio	60.3	60.3	60.5	60.3	60.0	60.1	60.3	60.5	60.5
Unemployed	5,079	4,974	4,462	5,391	5,354	5,364	5,116	4,866	4,783
Unemployment rate	4.1	4.0	3.6	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.1	3.9	3.8
Not in labor force	73,490	73,799	74,009	73,174	74,229	73,778	73,669	73,557	73,760
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	65,093	65,125	65,263	65,182	65,146	65,345	65,362	65,219	65,306
Participation rate	72.0	71.7	71.9	72.1	71.7	72.1	72.0	71.9	71.9
Employed	62,583	62,548	63,103	62,595	62,476	62,730	62,877	62,850	63,053
Employment-population ratio	69.2	68.9	69.5	69.2	68.7	69.2	69.3	69.2	69.4
Unemployed	2,510	2,576	2,160	2,587	2,669	2,615	2,485	2,369	2,253
Unemployment rate	3.9	4.0	3.3	4.0	4.1	4.0	3.8	3.6	3.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	55,023	55,297	55,066	54,953	54,872	54,798	54,988	55,153	54,983
Participation rate	57.8	57.9	57.6	57.8	57.4	57.4	57.6	57.8	57.6
Employed	52,991	53,413	53,269	52,773	52,813	52,646	52,949	53,211	53,049
Employment-population ratio	55.7	55.9	55.8	55.5	55.2	55.2	55.5	55.7	55.5
Unemployed	2,032	1,883	1,798	2,180	2,059	2,152	2,039	1,942	1,935
Unemployment rate	3.7	3.4	3.3	4.0	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.5	3.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,300	4,383	4,346	4,597	4,599	4,531	4,505	4,674	4,635
Participation rate	34.8	35.5	35.2	37.3	37.2	36.7	36.5	37.9	37.5
Employed	3,763	3,869	3,842	3,973	3,974	3,934	3,913	4,119	4,040
Employment-population ratio	30.5	31.3	31.1	32.2	32.2	31.9	31.7	33.4	32.7
Unemployed	537	514	504	624	625	597	592	555	595
Unemployment rate	12.5	11.7	11.6	13.6	13.6	13.2	13.1	11.9	12.8
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	31,792	32,128	32,161	31,792	32,105	32,063	32,095	32,128	32,161
Civilian labor force	19,368	19,898	20,046	19,415	19,844	19,993	19,998	20,002	20,110
Participation rate	60.9	61.9	62.3	61.1	61.8	62.4	62.3	62.3	62.5
Employed	17,779	18,296	18,577	17,711	18,292	18,445	18,378	18,409	18,514
Employment-population ratio	55.9	56.9	57.8	55.7	57.0	57.5	57.3	57.3	57.6
Unemployed	1,590	1,602	1,469	1,704	1,552	1,548	1,620	1,593	1,597
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.1	7.3	8.8	7.8	7.7	8.1	8.0	7.9
Not in labor force	12,423	12,229	12,116	12,377	12,261	12,070	12,097	12,126	12,051
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,964	9,116	9,135	9,015	9,056	9,106	9,081	9,132	9,169
Participation rate	67.7	68.0	68.1	68.1	67.7	68.1	67.8	68.1	68.3
Employed	8,157	8,313	8,505	8,166	8,366	8,437	8,369	8,384	8,496
Employment-population ratio	61.6	62.0	63.4	61.7	62.5	63.1	62.5	62.6	63.3
Unemployed	807	803	630	849	690	669	713	747	673
Unemployment rate	9.0	8.8	6.9	9.4	7.6	7.3	7.8	8.2	7.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,712	10,143	10,185	9,672	10,094	10,124	10,162	10,173	10,168
Participation rate	60.5	62.6	62.8	60.2	62.3	62.6	62.7	62.7	62.7
Employed	9,090	9,483	9,530	9,007	9,410	9,450	9,438	9,497	9,470
Employment-population ratio	56.6	58.5	58.7	56.1	58.1	58.4	58.3	58.6	58.4
Unemployed	622	661	655	666	683	673	724	676	698
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.5	6.4	6.9	6.8	6.7	7.1	6.6	6.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	693	639	726	727	694	764	754	697	773
Participation rate	27.6	25.4	28.9	29.0	27.6	30.4	30.0	27.7	30.8
Employed	533	500	542	538	515	558	571	528	547
Employment-population ratio	21.3	19.9	21.6	21.5	20.5	22.2	22.7	21.0	21.8
Unemployed	160	139	184	189	178	205	183	169	226
Unemployment rate	23.1	21.7	25.3	26.0	25.7	26.9	24.3	24.3	29.3
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	14,853	15,285	15,389	14,853	15,433	15,157	15,228	15,285	15,389
Civilian labor force	9,444	9,668	9,749	9,458	9,678	9,641	9,709	9,635	9,761
Participation rate	63.6	63.3	63.4	63.7	62.7	63.6	63.8	63.0	63.4
Employed	9,101	9,358	9,448	9,100	9,423	9,281	9,377	9,318	9,446
Employment-population ratio	61.3	61.2	61.4	61.3	61.1	61.2	61.6	61.0	61.4
Unemployed	343	310	301	358	256	360	332	317	316
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.2	3.1	3.8	2.6	3.7	3.4	3.3	3.2
Not in labor force	5,409	5,616	5,640	5,395	5,755	5,517	5,519	5,650	5,628
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	40,474	41,081	41,162	40,474	41,190	40,922	41,003	41,081	41,162
Civilian labor force	26,530	27,354	27,155	26,600	27,079	27,044	27,251	27,387	27,241
Participation rate	65.5	66.6	66.0	65.7	65.7	66.1	66.5	66.7	66.2
Employed	25,036	25,929	25,897	24,966	25,486	25,453	25,727	25,986	25,832
Employment-population ratio	61.9	63.1	62.9	61.7	61.9	62.2	62.7	63.3	62.8
Unemployed	1,493	1,425	1,258	1,634	1,594	1,590	1,523	1,402	1,410
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.2	4.6	6.1	5.9	5.9	5.6	5.1	5.2
Not in labor force	13,944	13,727	14,007	13,874	14,111	13,879	13,753	13,694	13,921
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,656	14,929	14,890	14,687	14,821	14,898	14,938	14,957	14,927
Participation rate	80.3	80.7	80.3	80.5	79.8	80.9	80.9	80.9	80.5
Employed	13,985	14,217	14,331	13,952	14,102	14,187	14,253	14,291	14,297
Employment-population ratio	76.7	76.9	77.3	76.5	75.9	77.0	77.2	77.3	77.1
Unemployed	671	712	559	735	720	711	685	666	630
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.8	3.8	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,768	11,165	11,098	10,747	11,083	11,028	11,119	11,127	11,086
Participation rate	58.3	59.5	59.0	58.2	58.9	59.0	59.4	59.3	59.0
Employed	10,099	10,631	10,538	10,045	10,424	10,336	10,494	10,600	10,493
Employment-population ratio	54.7	56.7	56.1	54.4	55.4	55.3	56.0	56.5	55.8
Unemployed	670	534	561	702	659	692	625	527	593
Unemployment rate	6.2	4.8	5.1	6.5	5.9	6.3	5.6	4.7	5.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,105	1,260	1,166	1,166	1,175	1,117	1,193	1,304	1,228
Participation rate	29.4	33.0	30.4	31.0	30.8	29.3	31.3	34.1	32.1
Employed	952	1,081	1,028	969	960	930	980	1,095	1,042
Employment-population ratio	25.3	28.3	26.8	25.8	25.2	24.4	25.7	28.6	27.2
Unemployed	153	179	138	197	215	187	214	209	186
Unemployment rate	13.8	14.2	11.9	16.9	18.3	16.7	17.9	16.0	15.2
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	11,036	10,143	10,249	10,756	10,483	10,533	10,229	10,139	10,041
Participation rate	47.2	45.1	45.6	46.0	45.0	45.3	46.1	45.1	44.7
Employed	10,206	9,375	9,594	9,945	9,660	9,725	9,424	9,450	9,385
Employment-population ratio	43.7	41.7	42.7	42.6	41.4	41.8	42.5	42.1	41.8
Unemployed	830	768	656	811	823	808	806	689	656
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.6	6.4	7.5	7.9	7.7	7.9	6.8	6.5
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,635	36,227	36,186	35,620	35,661	35,443	35,853	36,092	36,032
Participation rate	57.4	58.0	58.0	57.4	57.7	57.9	57.9	57.8	57.7
Employed	33,785	34,324	34,603	33,702	33,860	33,580	34,078	34,315	34,374
Employment-population ratio	54.4	54.9	55.4	54.3	54.8	54.9	55.0	54.9	55.1
Unemployed	1,850	1,903	1,583	1,918	1,801	1,863	1,776	1,778	1,658
Unemployment rate	5.2	5.3	4.4	5.4	5.1	5.3	5.0	4.9	4.6
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,841	37,881	37,854	37,783	38,244	38,007	37,754	37,851	37,850
Participation rate	66.1	66.2	65.8	66.0	66.1	65.7	65.8	66.1	65.8
Employed	36,350	36,442	36,532	36,223	36,773	36,563	36,245	36,454	36,465
Employment-population ratio	63.5	63.6	63.5	63.2	63.6	63.2	63.2	63.7	63.4
Unemployed	1,491	1,439	1,321	1,559	1,472	1,444	1,509	1,397	1,385
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.8	3.5	4.1	3.8	3.8	4.0	3.7	3.7
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	53,428	54,905	54,821	53,337	54,032	54,271	54,804	54,653	54,764
Participation rate	74.4	74.2	74.1	74.3	73.6	73.8	73.5	73.9	74.0
Employed	52,223	53,573	53,585	52,037	52,699	52,925	53,498	53,308	53,426
Employment-population ratio	72.8	72.4	72.4	72.5	71.7	72.0	71.8	72.0	72.2
Unemployed	1,205	1,332	1,236	1,300	1,333	1,346	1,306	1,345	1,338
Unemployment rate	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.4
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	20,959	20,615	18,948	18,589	2,011	2,026
Civilian labor force	10,574	10,344	9,345	9,154	1,229	1,190
Participation rate	50.4	50.2	49.3	49.2	61.1	58.8
Employed	10,157	9,964	8,971	8,817	1,187	1,147
Employment-population ratio	48.5	48.3	47.3	47.4	59.0	56.6
Unemployed	416	380	374	337	42	43
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.7	4.0	3.7	3.4	3.6
Not in labor force	10,385	10,271	9,603	9,435	782	836
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,958	4,104	3,230	3,379	727	725
Civilian labor force	3,129	3,274	2,607	2,781	522	493
Participation rate	79.1	79.8	80.7	82.3	71.8	68.0
Employed	3,002	3,145	2,507	2,676	495	468
Employment-population ratio	75.9	76.6	77.6	79.2	68.1	64.6
Unemployed	127	129	100	104	27	25
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.9	3.8	3.8	5.1	5.0
Not in labor force	828	830	623	598	205	232
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,248	3,314	2,785	2,815	464	499
Civilian labor force	2,619	2,643	2,263	2,262	356	381
Participation rate	80.6	79.7	81.3	80.4	76.8	76.3
Employed	2,514	2,544	2,165	2,176	348	368
Employment-population ratio	77.4	76.8	77.8	77.3	75.1	73.7
Unemployed	105	99	98	86	8	13
Unemployment rate	4.0	3.7	4.3	3.8	2.2	3.3
Not in labor force	629	671	521	553	108	119
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	8,573	8,134	8,266	7,840	307	294
Civilian labor force	2,191	1,972	2,116	1,915	75	57
Participation rate	25.6	24.2	25.6	24.4	24.6	19.3
Employed	2,111	1,900	2,036	1,843	75	57
Employment-population ratio	24.6	23.4	24.6	23.5	24.6	19.3
Unemployed	80	72	80	72	0	0
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.6	3.8	3.7	0.0	-
Not in labor force	6,382	6,162	6,150	5,925	232	237
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,180	5,063	4,667	4,555	513	508
Civilian labor force	2,634	2,456	2,358	2,196	275	260
Participation rate	50.8	48.5	50.5	48.2	53.6	51.2
Employed	2,530	2,376	2,263	2,122	267	254
Employment-population ratio	48.8	46.9	48.5	46.6	52.1	50.0
Unemployed	104	80	96	74	8	6
Unemployment rate	3.9	3.3	4.1	3.4	2.8	2.3
Not in labor force	2,546	2,607	2,309	2,359	238	248
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	222,987	225,046	98,726	99,978	124,261	125,068
Civilian labor force	146,005	147,418	74,087	74,682	71,918	72,736
Participation rate	65.5	65.5	75.0	74.7	57.9	58.2
Employed	139,378	141,599	70,623	71,671	68,755	69,928
Employment-population ratio	62.5	62.9	71.5	71.7	55.3	55.9
Unemployed	6,627	5,819	3,464	3,011	3,163	2,808
Unemployment rate	4.5	3.9	4.7	4.0	4.4	3.9
Not in labor force	76,982	77,628	24,639	25,296	52,343	52,332
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	29,974	30,612	222,995	223,976
Civilian labor force	6,108	6,166	152,380	153,652
Participation rate	20.4	20.1	68.3	68.6
Employed	5,453	5,509	145,622	147,754
Employment-population ratio	18.2	18.0	65.3	66.0
Unemployed	655	657	6,758	5,898
Unemployment rate	10.7	10.7	4.4	3.8
Not in labor force	23,866	24,447	70,615	70,324
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,633	2,700	76,461	76,784
Participation rate	34.3	34.3	82.0	82.4
Employed	2,329	2,352	72,923	73,794
Employment-population ratio	30.3	29.8	78.2	79.2
Unemployed	305	348	3,538	2,989
Unemployment rate	11.6	12.9	4.6	3.9
Not in labor force	5,054	5,181	16,777	16,350
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,377	2,411	67,675	68,236
Participation rate	29.1	29.8	70.4	70.9
Employed	2,097	2,157	64,694	65,627
Employment-population ratio	25.6	26.6	67.3	68.2
Unemployed	280	254	2,981	2,610
Unemployment rate	11.8	10.5	4.4	3.8
Not in labor force	5,803	5,691	28,520	27,994
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,097	1,055	8,244	8,632
Participation rate	7.8	7.2	24.6	24.9
Employed	1,027	999	8,006	8,333
Employment-population ratio	7.3	6.8	23.9	24.1
Unemployed	71	55	238	299
Unemployment rate	6.4	5.2	2.9	3.5
Not in labor force	13,010	13,574	25,318	25,979
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	40,797	41,567	19,830	20,238	20,967	21,329
Civilian labor force	26,596	27,402	15,399	15,816	11,197	11,586
Participation rate	65.2	65.9	77.7	78.2	53.4	54.3
Employed	25,460	26,354	14,831	15,300	10,629	11,054
Employment-population ratio	62.4	63.4	74.8	75.6	50.7	51.8
Unemployed	1,137	1,049	568	516	568	532
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.8	3.7	3.3	5.1	4.6
Not in labor force	14,200	14,165	4,430	4,422	9,770	9,743
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	212,172	213,021	102,384	102,794	109,789	110,227
Civilian labor force	131,891	132,415	68,924	69,035	62,967	63,380
Participation rate	62.2	62.2	67.3	67.2	57.4	57.5
Employed	125,615	126,908	65,471	66,042	60,144	60,867
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.6	63.9	64.2	54.8	55.2
Unemployed	6,276	5,507	3,453	2,993	2,823	2,514
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.2	5.0	4.3	4.5	4.0
Not in labor force	80,281	80,606	33,459	33,759	46,822	46,847
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,478	2,441	2,587	2,578	2,356	2,418	2,458	2,499	2,646
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,592	1,552	1,663	1,695	1,470	1,633	1,603	1,647	1,730
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	869	857	900	858	857	795	841	853	879
Unpaid family workers	17	31	24	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	148,597	150,187	150,676	148,398	149,811	149,582	150,026	150,429	150,481
Wage and salary workers(1)	139,607	141,495	142,061	139,512	140,773	140,952	141,101	141,663	141,931
Government	20,615	21,247	20,901	20,350	20,865	20,796	20,843	20,858	20,683
Private industries	118,992	120,248	121,160	119,177	119,916	120,189	120,258	120,904	121,281
Private households	747	698	680	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	118,245	119,550	120,480	118,427	119,206	119,467	119,535	120,148	120,592
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,941	8,640	8,563	8,860	8,991	8,552	8,826	8,707	8,489
Unpaid family workers	50	53	53	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,771	5,552	5,058	5,970	5,598	5,840	5,704	5,553	5,272
Slack work or business conditions	3,603	3,407	3,059	3,706	3,401	3,583	3,574	3,402	3,174
Could only find part-time work	1,994	1,920	1,767	1,993	1,873	1,944	1,864	1,852	1,802
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,460	21,042	21,257	20,471	21,251	20,487	20,773	20,723	20,700
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	5,690	5,498	4,990	5,882	5,476	5,769	5,637	5,502	5,197
Slack work or business conditions	3,546	3,383	3,019	3,650	3,310	3,535	3,540	3,386	3,130
Could only find part-time work	1,984	1,901	1,750	1,986	1,862	1,947	1,853	1,842	1,781
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	21,089	20,667	20,849	20,093	20,818	20,136	20,445	20,396	20,349
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	151,075	152,628	153,262	151,028	152,111	152,081	152,528	153,000	153,156
16 to 19 years	4,701	4,897	4,866	4,936	4,972	5,028	5,023	5,173	5,105
16 to 17 years	1,540	1,723	1,699	1,713	1,723	1,813	1,779	1,904	1,884
18 to 19 years	3,161	3,174	3,167	3,240	3,253	3,219	3,252	3,269	3,244
20 years and over	146,374	147,731	148,396	146,092	147,139	147,054	147,505	147,826	148,051
20 to 24 years	13,810	14,017	14,082	13,989	14,071	14,070	14,181	14,198	14,247
25 years and over	132,564	133,714	134,314	132,010	133,065	132,956	133,252	133,639	133,741
25 to 54 years	97,932	98,507	98,920	97,668	98,495	98,190	98,371	98,557	98,649
25 to 34 years	33,458	34,376	34,455	33,429	34,185	34,136	34,247	34,460	34,413
35 to 44 years	31,533	31,584	31,833	31,454	31,611	31,553	31,614	31,592	31,745
45 to 54 years	32,941	32,547	32,633	32,786	32,698	32,502	32,511	32,506	32,491
55 years and over	34,632	35,207	35,394	34,341	34,570	34,765	34,880	35,081	35,092
Men, 16 years and over	80,302	80,546	81,341	80,423	80,861	81,013	81,141	81,136	81,419
16 to 19 years	2,275	2,374	2,419	2,430	2,482	2,509	2,567	2,581	2,581
16 to 17 years	709	815	853	806	786	871	895	947	957
18 to 19 years	1,566	1,559	1,566	1,623	1,699	1,641	1,677	1,636	1,631
20 years and over	78,028	78,172	78,922	77,993	78,379	78,503	78,573	78,556	78,838
20 to 24 years	7,168	7,123	7,214	7,263	7,246	7,302	7,223	7,241	7,293
25 years and over	70,860	71,049	71,708	70,726	71,114	71,202	71,299	71,315	71,532
25 to 54 years	52,414	52,407	52,800	52,398	52,737	52,705	52,687	52,640	52,770
25 to 34 years	18,056	18,346	18,415	18,073	18,374	18,472	18,408	18,445	18,426
35 to 44 years	17,024	17,005	17,234	17,023	17,054	17,048	17,072	17,086	17,217
45 to 54 years	17,334	17,056	17,151	17,303	17,309	17,185	17,206	17,108	17,127
55 years and over	18,446	18,642	18,908	18,328	18,377	18,497	18,612	18,675	18,762
Women, 16 years and over	70,773	72,082	71,921	70,605	71,250	71,069	71,388	71,863	71,737
16 to 19 years	2,427	2,523	2,447	2,506	2,490	2,518	2,456	2,593	2,524
16 to 17 years	831	909	846	907	938	942	884	956	927
18 to 19 years	1,596	1,615	1,601	1,617	1,554	1,578	1,574	1,633	1,614
20 years and over	68,346	69,559	69,474	68,099	68,760	68,550	68,932	69,271	69,213
20 to 24 years	6,642	6,894	6,868	6,726	6,825	6,767	6,957	6,958	6,954
25 years and over	61,704	62,665	62,606	61,284	61,951	61,754	61,953	62,324	62,209
25 to 54 years	45,518	46,100	46,120	45,270	45,758	45,485	45,685	45,918	45,879
25 to 34 years	15,402	16,031	16,039	15,356	15,812	15,664	15,838	16,014	15,987
35 to 44 years	14,509	14,578	14,599	14,432	14,557	14,505	14,541	14,505	14,528
45 to 54 years	15,607	15,491	15,481	15,483	15,389	15,317	15,305	15,398	15,364
55 years and over	16,186	16,565	16,486	16,013	16,193	16,269	16,268	16,406	16,330
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	45,277	45,858	46,135	45,226	45,252	45,593	46,017	45,907	46,029
Married women, spouse present(1)	35,333	36,288	36,079	35,233	35,478	35,402	35,640	35,992	35,918
Women who maintain families(2)	9,678	9,618	9,654	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	122,742	124,566	125,532	123,259	124,248	124,705	125,031	125,507	125,987
Part-time workers(4)	28,333	28,062	27,731	27,752	27,895	27,405	27,554	27,603	27,233
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,383	8,137	7,609	7,416	7,554	7,562	7,822	7,960	7,683
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.3	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.0
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,518	5,740	5,861	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,809	9,497	9,463	9,719	9,848	9,347	9,667	9,560	9,368
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. (2) Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	7,910	7,202	7,056	5.0	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4
16 to 19 years	943	822	881	16.0	14.7	15.0	15.0	13.7	14.7
16 to 17 years	410	400	379	19.3	17.6	16.0	18.0	17.4	16.8
18 to 19 years	502	412	465	13.4	13.1	14.5	13.5	11.2	12.5
20 years and over	6,967	6,380	6,176	4.6	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.0
20 to 24 years	1,353	1,122	1,118	8.8	8.2	8.3	8.0	7.3	7.3
25 years and over	5,601	5,256	5,041	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.6
25 to 54 years	4,320	4,020	3,910	4.2	4.0	4.1	4.1	3.9	3.8
25 to 34 years	1,822	1,642	1,576	5.2	4.7	4.9	4.8	4.5	4.4
35 to 44 years	1,304	1,289	1,190	4.0	4.0	3.9	4.1	3.9	3.6
45 to 54 years	1,193	1,089	1,144	3.5	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.4
55 years and over	1,296	1,224	1,160	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.4	3.4	3.2
Men, 16 years and over	4,228	3,940	3,755	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.6	4.4
16 to 19 years	479	449	502	16.5	17.1	15.9	16.0	14.8	16.3
16 to 17 years	201	203	181	20.0	21.1	17.2	17.7	17.7	15.9
18 to 19 years	247	240	295	13.2	14.8	15.1	15.3	12.8	15.3
20 years and over	3,750	3,491	3,253	4.6	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.0
20 to 24 years	762	676	668	9.5	9.2	9.3	9.4	8.5	8.4
25 years and over	2,974	2,805	2,564	4.0	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.5
25 to 54 years	2,259	2,151	1,945	4.1	3.9	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.6
25 to 34 years	1,019	931	846	5.3	4.7	4.9	5.0	4.8	4.4
35 to 44 years	636	666	601	3.6	3.8	3.9	3.8	3.8	3.4
45 to 54 years	604	554	499	3.4	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.1	2.8
55 years and over	715	654	619	3.8	3.7	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.2
Women, 16 years and over	3,681	3,262	3,301	5.0	4.6	4.8	4.6	4.3	4.4
16 to 19 years	464	372	379	15.6	12.0	14.2	13.9	12.6	13.1
16 to 17 years	208	196	198	18.7	14.4	14.8	18.3	17.0	17.6
18 to 19 years	255	172	169	13.6	11.1	13.8	11.6	9.6	9.5
20 years and over	3,218	2,890	2,922	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.0	4.1
20 to 24 years	591	446	451	8.1	7.0	7.1	6.5	6.0	6.1
25 years and over	2,627	2,451	2,477	4.1	3.9	4.0	4.0	3.8	3.8
25 to 54 years	2,061	1,869	1,964	4.4	4.1	4.2	4.2	3.9	4.1
25 to 34 years	804	711	730	5.0	4.7	5.0	4.6	4.2	4.4
35 to 44 years	669	623	589	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.5	4.1	3.9
45 to 54 years	589	536	645	3.7	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4	4.0
55 years and over	579	567	548	3.5	3.6	3.6	3.5	3.3	3.2
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present(1)	1,246	1,228	1,136	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.6	2.4
Married women, spouse present(1)	1,134	1,043	1,021	3.1	2.9	3.1	3.1	2.8	2.8
Women who maintain families(2)	695	557	615	6.7	5.8	6.3	6.5	5.5	6.0
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(3)	6,592	5,760	5,613	5.1	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.4	4.3
Part-time workers(4)	1,312	1,414	1,425	4.5	4.9	4.8	5.1	4.9	5.0
Footnotes (1) Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. (2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. (3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3,716	3,812	3,369	3,864	3,639	3,713	3,709	3,519	3,538
On temporary layoff	748	1,125	794	847	1,033	1,062	979	953	934
Not on temporary layoff	2,968	2,686	2,576	3,017	2,606	2,651	2,730	2,567	2,604
Permanent job losers	2,065	1,880	1,795	2,066	1,902	1,981	2,042	1,819	1,806
Persons who completed temporary jobs	903	806	781	951	704	670	688	748	799
Job leavers	810	778	726	864	905	862	802	798	789
Reentrants	2,163	2,004	1,858	2,337	2,219	2,170	2,197	2,066	2,032
New entrants	724	691	602	847	783	813	773	790	712
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	50.1	52.3	51.4	48.8	48.2	49.1	49.6	49.1	50.0
On temporary layoff	10.1	15.5	12.1	10.7	13.7	14.0	13.1	13.3	13.2
Not on temporary layoff	40.0	36.9	39.3	38.1	34.5	35.1	36.5	35.8	36.8
Job leavers	10.9	10.7	11.1	10.9	12.0	11.4	10.7	11.1	11.2
Reentrants	29.2	27.5	28.4	29.5	29.4	28.7	29.4	28.8	28.7
New entrants	9.8	9.5	9.2	10.7	10.4	10.8	10.3	11.0	10.1
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.3
New entrants	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,164	2,000	1,953	2,573	2,379	2,468	2,566	2,334	2,335
5 to 14 weeks	1,749	2,269	1,735	2,155	2,156	2,089	2,138	2,109	2,135
15 weeks and over	3,499	3,016	2,868	3,340	3,030	3,043	2,858	2,802	2,734
15 to 26 weeks	1,390	1,255	1,206	1,281	1,199	1,192	1,057	1,115	1,108
27 weeks and over	2,109	1,761	1,662	2,059	1,831	1,850	1,801	1,687	1,626
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	29.8	26.1	25.7	27.7	26.0	25.1	25.1	25.3	24.1
Median duration, in weeks	13.2	11.6	12.1	11.2	10.3	10.2	10.0	10.3	10.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	29.2	27.5	29.8	31.9	31.4	32.5	33.9	32.2	32.4
5 to 14 weeks	23.6	31.1	26.5	26.7	28.5	27.5	28.3	29.1	29.6
15 weeks and over	47.2	41.4	43.7	41.4	40.0	40.0	37.8	38.7	38.0
15 to 26 weeks	18.8	17.2	18.4	15.9	15.8	15.7	14.0	15.4	15.4
27 weeks and over	28.5	24.2	25.4	25.5	24.2	24.4	23.8	23.3	22.6
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017
Total, 16 years and over(1)	151,075	153,262	7,413	6,555	4.7	4.1
Management, professional, and related occupations	59,690	61,317	1,251	1,254	2.1	2.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	24,868	25,455	604	581	2.4	2.2
Professional and related occupations	34,822	35,862	647	673	1.8	1.8
Service occupations	26,357	26,370	1,517	1,426	5.4	5.1
Sales and office occupations	33,347	33,529	1,753	1,337	5.0	3.8
Sales and related occupations	15,788	15,838	871	688	5.2	4.2
Office and administrative support occupations	17,559	17,692	882	650	4.8	3.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,751	14,174	942	925	6.4	6.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	1,114	1,225	123	120	9.9	8.9
Construction and extraction occupations	7,934	7,930	586	657	6.9	7.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,703	5,019	233	149	4.7	2.9
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17,930	17,871	1,207	994	6.3	5.3
Production occupations	8,927	8,491	554	432	5.8	4.8
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,003	9,380	653	562	6.8	5.7
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017
Total, 16 years and over(1)	7,413	6,555	4.7	4.1
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	5,735	5,121	4.6	4.1
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	86	36	9.5	4.7
Construction	530	585	6.0	6.3
Manufacturing	702	620	4.5	3.9
Durable goods	403	389	4.1	3.9
Nondurable goods	299	230	5.2	3.8
Wholesale and retail trade	1,054	844	5.3	4.2
Transportation and utilities	305	216	4.6	3.5
Information	131	107	4.8	4.1
Financial activities	264	229	2.7	2.3
Professional and business services	846	819	5.2	4.9
Education and health services	632	612	2.7	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	893	819	6.5	5.9
Other services	292	234	4.4	3.4
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	148	118	8.9	6.9
Government workers	490	379	2.3	1.8
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	315	335	3.1	3.4
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2016	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Dec. 2016	Jan. 2017	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017	Apr. 2017
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.2	1.9	1.8	2.1	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.7
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.2
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	4.7	4.6	4.1	5.0	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.5	4.4
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	5.0	4.8	4.4	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.0	4.8	4.7
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	5.7	5.5	5.0	6.0	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.4	5.3
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	9.3	8.9	8.1	9.7	9.2	9.4	9.2	8.9	8.6
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017	Apr. 2016	Apr. 2017
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	94,481	94,771	37,890	38,181	56,592	56,590
Persons who currently want a job	5,671	5,560	2,658	2,605	3,014	2,955
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	1,715	1,534	870	855	845	680
Discouraged workers(2)	568	455	369	319	199	135
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,146	1,080	500	535	646	544
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,383	7,609	3,598	3,782	3,785	3,827
Percent of total employed	4.9	5.0	4.5	4.6	5.3	5.3
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,904	4,184	2,162	2,285	1,742	1,900
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,164	2,027	751	707	1,413	1,319
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	242	304	171	185	70	119
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,013	1,043	467	582	546	461
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)	Change from: Mar.2017 - Apr.2017(p)
Total nonfarm	143,894	144,292	144,953	145,979	143,826	145,773	145,852	146,063	211
Total private	121,316	121,669	122,261	123,256	121,665	123,452	123,529	123,723	194
Goods-producing	19,577	19,451	19,589	19,795	19,743	19,933	19,956	19,977	21
Mining and logging	669	672	683	693	683	685	694	704	10
Logging	47.9	50.1	48.6	48.2	51.6	51.3	50.5	51.1	0.6
Mining	621.4	622.2	634.0	644.8	631.0	633.2	643.7	652.5	8.8
Oil and gas extraction	178.2	176.9	179.1	179.4	181.4	178.8	180.2	181.2	1.0
Mining, except oil and gas	180.9	177.2	179.8	185.5	181.6	184.2	185.1	186.2	1.1
Coal mining	51.0	50.0	50.1	50.5	51.2	50.3	50.4	50.6	0.2
Metal ore mining	38.3	39.0	39.1	39.0	38.5	39.1	39.3	39.4	0.1
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying	91.6	88.2	90.6	96.0	91.9	94.7	95.3	96.2	0.9
Support activities for mining	262.3	268.1	275.1	279.9	268.0	270.2	278.4	285.1	6.7
Construction	6,609	6,479	6,580	6,769	6,704	6,871	6,872	6,877	5
Construction of buildings	1,466.6	1,466.5	1,478.0	1,495.7	1,493.4	1,523.1	1,524.2	1,525.5	1.3
Residential building	717.0	735.5	738.5	746.4	732.1	766.8	765.5	762.8	-2.7
Nonresidential building	749.6	731.0	739.5	749.3	761.3	756.3	758.7	762.7	4.0
Heavy and civil engineering construction	943.6	856.2	887.8	958.4	955.5	959.8	964.6	968.9	4.3
Specialty trade contractors	4,198.7	4,155.8	4,214.2	4,314.4	4,254.8	4,388.5	4,383.6	4,382.1	-1.5
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,825.6	1,824.1	1,843.6	1,900.9	1,850.3	1,931.5	1,925.3	1,928.9	3.6
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,373.1	2,331.7	2,370.6	2,413.5	2,404.5	2,457.0	2,458.3	2,453.2	-5.1
Manufacturing	12,299	12,300	12,326	12,333	12,356	12,377	12,390	12,396	6
Durable goods	7,717	7,687	7,708	7,707	7,735	7,722	7,730	7,727	-3
Wood products	388.6	390.7	392.3	393.7	390.7	397.0	397.4	397.6	0.2
Nonmetallic mineral products	404.5	401.5	407.7	411.8	404.9	416.6	417.0	416.3	-0.7
Primary metals	377.6	378.1	379.1	380.3	379.5	378.2	379.1	380.6	1.5
Fabricated metal products	1,427.6	1,422.0	1,425.5	1,427.1	1,427.9	1,423.2	1,428.8	1,425.3	-3.5
Machinery	1,083.0	1,082.1	1,081.3	1,082.0	1,085.1	1,083.2	1,081.3	1,083.5	2.2
Computer and electronic products	1,048.9	1,032.3	1,034.5	1,031.0	1,051.9	1,035.9	1,036.7	1,035.0	-1.7
Computer and peripheral equipment	164.3	160.2	160.5	160.4	165.2	161.5	161.3	161.3	0.0
Communications equipment	85.9	84.0	84.5	84.8	86.1	84.6	84.7	84.9	0.2
Semiconductors and electronic components	368.0	358.2	359.7	356.7	369.3	359.0	360.3	358.0	-2.3
Electronic instruments	395.6	396.1	396.2	395.7	396.0	396.8	396.7	397.3	0.6
Miscellaneous computer and electronic products	35.1	33.8	33.6	33.4	35.2	33.9	33.8	33.7	-0.1
Electrical equipment and appliances	383.2	383.9	385.7	384.0	384.8	385.2	386.4	385.3	-1.1
Transportation equipment(1)	1,628.2	1,614.5	1,620.3	1,616.0	1,631.9	1,616.5	1,617.1	1,617.2	0.1
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	941.6	939.5	946.5	945.6	943.9	941.2	943.5	946.3	2.8
Furniture and related products	387.8	392.1	391.3	391.3	389.1	393.4	392.4	392.8	0.4
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	587.5	589.8	590.7	590.2	589.4	592.4	593.5	593.3	-0.2
Nondurable goods	4,582	4,613	4,618	4,626	4,621	4,655	4,660	4,669	9
Food manufacturing	1,517.5	1,564.5	1,560.3	1,568.2	1,545.2	1,584.3	1,586.4	1,595.5	9.1
Textile mills	114.6	111.5	110.8	109.8	114.4	111.5	110.7	110.0	-0.7
Textile product mills	114.8	111.2	110.8	111.7	116.0	112.6	111.9	112.1	0.2
Apparel	131.8	125.9	124.1	122.8	132.2	125.8	124.5	123.7	-0.8
Paper and paper products	371.1	368.9	368.6	369.3	372.0	370.1	370.4	370.8	0.4
Printing and related support activities	448.2	437.7	439.2	437.7	449.0	440.7	439.9	438.4	-1.5
Petroleum and coal products	110.8	105.9	108.3	110.3	111.7	109.8	111.3	111.8	0.5
Chemicals	808.3	812.2	816.7	817.3	810.2	815.0	817.2	818.8	1.6
Plastics and rubber products	699.4	698.8	700.8	699.0	698.8	700.4	700.7	700.4	-0.3
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	265.0	276.2	278.1	280.3	271.9	285.1	286.9	287.3	0.4
Private service-providing	101,739	102,218	102,672	103,461	101,922	103,519	103,573	103,746	173
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26,956	27,002	27,037	27,142	27,177	27,391	27,371	27,390	19
Wholesale trade	5,846.7	5,864.6	5,878.8	5,900.3	5,861.0	5,905.6	5,906.7	5,914.9	8.2
Durable goods	2,923.5	2,924.6	2,933.8	2,943.1	2,931.9	2,941.1	2,944.3	2,951.1	6.8
Nondurable goods	2,029.7	2,036.5	2,045.8	2,057.0	2,033.3	2,057.3	2,060.5	2,062.2	1.7
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	893.5	903.5	899.2	900.2	895.8	907.2	901.9	901.6	-0.3
Retail trade	15,641.1	15,607.2	15,618.5	15,693.0	15,791.5	15,887.6	15,860.2	15,866.5	6.3
Motor vehicle and parts dealers	1,971.5	1,990.9	2,000.4	2,013.0	1,973.2	2,011.5	2,010.9	2,013.6	2.7
Automobile dealers	1,272.5	1,293.6	1,298.4	1,300.8	1,275.3	1,301.5	1,302.3	1,302.8	0.5
Other motor vehicle dealers	150.2	146.5	150.1	156.1	149.0	155.0	154.2	155.3	1.1
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores	548.8	550.8	551.9	556.1	549.0	555.0	554.4	555.5	1.1
Furniture and home furnishings stores	463.5	483.7	479.7	478.8	471.7	484.9	485.6	486.2	0.6
Electronics and appliance stores	517.0	509.0	508.3	500.4	528.5	511.0	513.8	511.6	-2.2
Building material and garden supply stores	1,316.7	1,233.7	1,288.2	1,331.6	1,267.3	1,282.8	1,287.9	1,282.8	-5.1
Food and beverage stores	3,058.8	3,064.4	3,061.6	3,065.9	3,083.8	3,096.6	3,097.1	3,096.4	-0.7
Health and personal care stores	1,042.0	1,057.5	1,054.3	1,051.9	1,048.1	1,062.4	1,060.5	1,059.8	-0.7
Gasoline stations	917.7	923.8	928.1	933.9	922.2	938.1	939.6	940.7	1.1
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,301.0	1,304.6	1,299.8	1,299.8	1,353.9	1,357.3	1,350.4	1,349.8	-0.6
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	603.9	593.6	583.3	584.5	619.5	605.3	603.7	604.7	1.0
General merchandise stores	3,109.0	3,082.2	3,058.2	3,066.7	3,158.0	3,151.5	3,119.9	3,127.4	7.5
Department stores	1,277.5	1,254.7	1,240.5	1,241.2	1,309.4	1,288.0	1,277.6	1,277.0	-0.6
Other general merchandise stores	1,831.5	1,827.5	1,817.7	1,825.5	1,848.5	1,863.5	1,842.4	1,850.4	8.0
Miscellaneous store retailers	818.8	814.9	809.8	819.4	832.2	832.4	834.7	835.5	0.8
Nonstore retailers	521.2	548.9	546.8	547.1	533.1	553.8	556.1	558.0	1.9
Transportation and warehousing	4,914.7	4,977.9	4,986.5	4,994.2	4,969.3	5,042.7	5,049.3	5,052.8	3.5
Air transportation	472.9	477.3	481.9	483.9	473.7	481.9	483.6	484.1	0.5
Rail transportation	215.0	209.0	209.7	209.7	214.9	210.3	210.6	210.1	-0.5
Water transportation	65.2	61.8	62.6	63.8	66.0	64.3	64.4	64.4	0.0
Truck transportation	1,434.0	1,442.4	1,448.9	1,460.7	1,451.5	1,471.3	1,476.1	1,476.0	-0.1
Transit and ground passenger transportation	499.0	483.0	484.4	477.6	484.2	470.6	468.9	464.5	-4.4
Pipeline transportation	50.2	47.9	47.9	47.2	49.9	48.0	48.0	47.6	-0.4
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	30.6	25.4	27.5	31.8	34.3	35.1	35.5	36.0	0.5
Support activities for transportation	657.6	657.4	660.2	665.7	659.5	662.1	663.9	666.1	2.2
Couriers and messengers	595.3	636.1	627.2	616.1	630.0	653.2	652.1	655.3	3.2
Warehousing and storage	894.9	937.6	936.2	937.7	905.3	945.9	946.2	948.7	2.5
Utilities	553.3	551.9	553.3	554.0	555.5	555.5	555.2	555.9	0.7
Information	2,784	2,745	2,734	2,729	2,781	2,748	2,742	2,735	-7
Publishing industries, except Internet	726.6	726.8	725.2	723.6	729.3	728.8	727.8	726.6	-1.2
Motion picture and sound recording industries	428.9	412.5	405.5	410.4	421.0	409.7	408.1	409.7	1.6
Broadcasting, except Internet	270.8	264.6	266.7	262.6	271.0	265.2	266.1	262.7	-3.4
Telecommunications	803.2	775.9	769.4	763.7	805.1	775.6	770.4	765.1	-5.3
Data processing, hosting and related services	300.3	299.0	299.0	301.0	298.5	300.5	300.6	301.2	0.6
Other information services	254.2	266.2	267.7	267.4	255.9	267.7	268.7	269.5	0.8
Financial activities	8,208	8,338	8,356	8,383	8,249	8,399	8,403	8,422	19
Finance and insurance	6,102.4	6,200.4	6,206.2	6,215.2	6,123.9	6,215.1	6,217.8	6,233.3	15.5
Monetary authorities - central bank	18.5	18.9	18.8	18.7	18.6	18.8	18.8	18.8	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities	2,596.5	2,639.5	2,644.2	2,643.9	2,606.4	2,645.3	2,647.7	2,648.6	0.9
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,693.2	1,711.0	1,714.2	1,712.3	1,696.4	1,714.0	1,714.8	1,714.7	-0.1
Commercial banking	1,306.2	1,314.2	1,315.2	1,314.1	1,307.8	1,314.6	1,315.2	1,314.9	-0.3
Nondepository credit intermediation	606.2	621.6	621.3	621.1	611.2	622.6	622.6	623.0	0.4
Activities related to credit intermediation	297.1	306.9	308.7	310.5	298.8	308.7	310.3	310.8	0.5
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	921.8	931.2	931.7	931.0	926.0	935.1	936.0	936.6	0.6
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,565.6	2,610.8	2,611.5	2,621.6	2,572.9	2,615.9	2,615.3	2,629.3	14.0
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,105.4	2,138.0	2,150.0	2,167.3	2,124.6	2,183.9	2,185.3	2,188.6	3.3
Real estate	1,532.9	1,574.4	1,578.1	1,589.5	1,542.9	1,600.7	1,598.3	1,601.8	3.5
Rental and leasing services	549.3	540.6	548.9	554.8	558.2	559.9	563.7	563.4	-0.3
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.2	23.0	23.0	23.0	23.5	23.3	23.3	23.4	0.1
Professional and business services	19,970	20,216	20,339	20,556	19,994	20,510	20,567	20,606	39
Professional and technical services	8,861.4	9,119.7	9,119.7	9,156.0	8,793.7	9,058.5	9,078.9	9,102.0	23.1
Legal services	1,114.5	1,118.0	1,118.4	1,120.2	1,119.3	1,123.7	1,123.0	1,124.1	1.1
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,065.6	1,118.7	1,106.1	1,096.3	970.1	995.3	997.6	1,002.8	5.2
Architectural and engineering services	1,390.6	1,417.8	1,428.2	1,435.2	1,399.7	1,439.0	1,445.9	1,448.0	2.1
Specialized design services	137.2	141.0	141.3	142.4	137.7	142.7	143.2	143.2	0.0
Computer systems design and related services	1,968.0	2,043.5	2,029.2	2,042.3	1,970.4	2,044.5	2,047.1	2,049.7	2.6
Management and technical consulting services	1,345.6	1,402.2	1,410.2	1,424.1	1,352.6	1,416.9	1,424.0	1,431.7	7.7
Scientific research and development services	673.6	695.2	697.0	697.8	675.0	698.8	699.8	700.0	0.2
Advertising and related services	486.5	487.0	487.4	487.8	488.3	489.5	490.5	491.0	0.5
Other professional and technical services	679.8	696.3	701.9	709.9	680.5	707.8	707.9	711.7	3.8
Management of companies and enterprises	2,222.7	2,257.2	2,260.6	2,259.3	2,233.7	2,267.2	2,267.6	2,268.8	1.2
Administrative and waste services	8,885.7	8,839.1	8,958.2	9,140.8	8,966.9	9,184.2	9,220.9	9,235.4	14.5
Administrative and support services	8,485.5	8,432.2	8,550.7	8,730.9	8,562.8	8,769.8	8,806.2	8,821.3	15.1
Office administrative services	487.7	511.6	515.7	518.8	488.5	513.0	517.0	518.8	1.8
Facilities support services	143.2	138.0	139.6	139.7	142.1	139.0	139.3	139.6	0.3
Employment services(1)	3,478.9	3,500.1	3,547.7	3,590.0	3,542.4	3,648.3	3,660.3	3,665.9	5.6
Temporary help services	2,835.2	2,856.1	2,901.1	2,939.4	2,892.9	2,986.5	2,999.5	3,005.3	5.8
Business support services	900.9	916.9	911.8	903.9	904.7	915.2	915.0	912.5	-2.5
Travel arrangement and reservation services	216.8	213.9	215.2	214.2	216.6	216.9	216.1	213.9	-2.2
Investigation and security services	889.3	899.3	905.6	906.6	897.5	909.9	912.5	912.0	-0.5
Services to buildings and dwellings	2,056.4	1,935.1	1,994.6	2,133.4	2,059.3	2,106.4	2,124.3	2,134.2	9.9
Other support services	312.3	317.3	320.5	324.3	311.6	321.1	321.7	324.3	2.6
Waste management and remediation services	400.2	406.9	407.5	409.9	404.1	414.4	414.7	414.1	-0.6
Education and health services	22,679	23,077	23,113	23,176	22,495	22,956	22,966	23,007	41
Educational services	3,731.8	3,776.1	3,786.4	3,800.1	3,549.0	3,627.7	3,622.0	3,625.9	3.9
Health care and social assistance	18,947.1	19,300.6	19,326.1	19,375.4	18,945.7	19,328.0	19,344.4	19,381.2	36.8
Health care(3)	15,309.2	15,603.3	15,615.8	15,642.2	15,335.4	15,638.5	15,652.8	15,672.3	19.5
Ambulatory health care services	7,016.0	7,207.8	7,212.8	7,235.6	7,026.6	7,225.4	7,233.1	7,247.3	14.2
Offices of physicians	2,502.6	2,563.0	2,562.2	2,568.3	2,507.9	2,567.0	2,567.2	2,574.1	6.9
Offices of dentists	918.2	938.8	937.0	937.6	920.9	939.8	941.2	940.3	-0.9
Offices of other health practitioners	845.2	884.6	887.7	891.8	846.2	888.3	891.0	892.5	1.5
Outpatient care centers	845.6	890.4	897.1	897.5	846.5	891.6	897.3	897.7	0.4
Medical and diagnostic laboratories	263.3	259.0	257.9	258.0	263.1	259.6	258.4	258.1	-0.3
Home health care services	1,354.0	1,381.4	1,383.3	1,392.1	1,354.3	1,387.8	1,389.2	1,393.9	4.7
Other ambulatory health care services	287.1	290.6	287.6	290.3	287.8	291.3	288.8	290.7	1.9
Hospitals	4,996.3	5,078.7	5,089.7	5,086.2	5,002.1	5,085.5	5,092.7	5,096.9	4.2
Nursing and residential care facilities	3,296.9	3,316.8	3,313.3	3,320.4	3,306.7	3,327.6	3,327.0	3,328.1	1.1
Nursing care facilities	1,634.5	1,638.9	1,634.1	1,635.3	1,640.1	1,644.3	1,642.7	1,640.9	-1.8
Residential mental health facilities	612.4	616.6	618.2	620.5	614.3	618.6	619.2	620.6	1.4
Community care facilities for the elderly	887.4	897.2	897.9	899.0	889.1	899.7	900.3	900.7	0.4
Other residential care facilities	162.6	164.1	163.1	165.6	163.2	165.0	164.7	165.9	1.2
Social assistance	3,637.9	3,697.3	3,710.3	3,733.2	3,610.3	3,689.5	3,691.6	3,708.9	17.3
Individual and family services	2,213.1	2,275.1	2,278.5	2,297.0	2,206.4	2,278.0	2,276.6	2,293.7	17.1
Emergency and other relief services	160.5	168.4	168.8	168.2	160.9	167.7	168.4	167.4	-1.0
Vocational rehabilitation services	339.5	329.6	331.8	332.5	340.9	333.5	334.8	334.7	-0.1
Child day care services	924.8	924.2	931.2	935.5	902.2	910.3	911.9	913.1	1.2
Leisure and hospitality	15,470	15,167	15,397	15,745	15,552	15,792	15,801	15,856	55
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,176.2	2,020.3	2,065.2	2,194.7	2,227.5	2,253.4	2,235.3	2,256.7	21.4
Performing arts and spectator sports	470.0	412.2	423.5	462.2	458.1	450.2	443.0	449.4	6.4
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	155.8	148.9	152.9	160.4	158.0	162.9	162.1	163.6	1.5
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,550.4	1,459.2	1,488.8	1,572.1	1,611.4	1,640.3	1,630.2	1,643.7	13.5
Accommodation and food services	13,293.7	13,147.1	13,331.3	13,550.0	13,324.4	13,538.9	13,565.7	13,599.4	33.7
Accommodation	1,895.3	1,861.7	1,883.3	1,911.1	1,944.1	1,951.4	1,951.8	1,959.3	7.5
Food services and drinking places	11,398.4	11,285.4	11,448.0	11,638.9	11,380.3	11,587.5	11,613.9	11,640.1	26.2
Other services	5,672	5,673	5,696	5,730	5,674	5,723	5,723	5,730	7
Repair and maintenance	1,294.8	1,287.1	1,293.7	1,296.9	1,290.6	1,292.4	1,293.1	1,291.8	-1.3
Personal and laundry services	1,441.4	1,450.7	1,460.4	1,482.9	1,438.6	1,471.6	1,471.4	1,479.1	7.7
Membership associations and organizations	2,935.9	2,935.3	2,942.0	2,950.6	2,944.6	2,959.1	2,958.9	2,959.2	0.3
Government	22,578	22,623	22,692	22,723	22,161	22,321	22,323	22,340	17
Federal	2,777.0	2,800.0	2,797.0	2,800.0	2,769.0	2,815.0	2,812.0	2,806.0	-6.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,174.7	2,185.1	2,180.9	2,185.7	2,178.6	2,199.0	2,196.0	2,195.0	-1.0
U.S. Postal Service	602.2	614.6	615.6	614.1	590.1	615.6	616.3	610.5	-5.8
State government	5,252.0	5,233.0	5,249.0	5,260.0	5,089.0	5,093.0	5,094.0	5,094.0	0.0
State government education	2,574.6	2,566.8	2,577.4	2,590.3	2,409.8	2,417.4	2,417.2	2,420.1	2.9
State government, excluding education	2,677.7	2,666.2	2,672.0	2,670.1	2,679.3	2,675.5	2,676.3	2,673.6	-2.7
Local government	14,549.0	14,590.0	14,646.0	14,663.0	14,303.0	14,413.0	14,417.0	14,440.0	23.0
Local government education	8,230.4	8,262.5	8,301.2	8,284.2	7,904.4	7,955.8	7,964.1	7,972.3	8.2
Local government, excluding education	6,318.9	6,327.3	6,344.4	6,378.6	6,399.0	6,457.3	6,453.0	6,467.8	14.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.3	34.3	34.4
Goods-producing	40.3	40.3	40.1	40.3
Mining and logging	43.0	44.2	44.7	44.9
Construction	39.1	39.1	38.7	39.2
Manufacturing	40.7	40.7	40.6	40.7
Durable goods	41.2	41.3	41.1	41.1
Nondurable goods	39.9	39.9	39.7	39.9
Private service-providing	33.3	33.2	33.2	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.4	34.2	34.2	34.5
Wholesale trade	38.9	39.0	38.9	39.0
Retail trade	31.1	30.8	30.9	31.2
Transportation and warehousing	38.8	38.7	38.4	38.7
Utilities	42.3	41.9	42.3	41.4
Information	36.0	36.3	36.3	36.4
Financial activities	37.6	37.4	37.3	37.5
Professional and business services	36.1	36.0	36.0	36.1
Education and health services	32.8	32.9	32.9	32.9
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	25.9	26.0	26.1
Other services	31.9	31.8	31.9	31.9
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.2
Durable goods	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.2
Nondurable goods	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)
Total private	$25.54	$26.10	$26.12	$26.19	$878.58	$895.23	$895.92	$900.94
Goods-producing	26.79	27.32	27.34	27.47	1,079.64	1,101.00	1,096.33	1,107.04
Mining and logging	32.12	32.54	32.57	32.56	1,381.16	1,438.27	1,455.88	1,461.94
Construction	27.96	28.48	28.54	28.55	1,093.24	1,113.57	1,104.50	1,119.16
Manufacturing	25.87	26.39	26.39	26.57	1,052.91	1,074.07	1,071.43	1,081.40
Durable goods	27.18	27.63	27.62	27.80	1,119.82	1,141.12	1,135.18	1,142.58
Nondurable goods	23.61	24.27	24.28	24.45	942.04	968.37	963.92	975.56
Private service-providing	25.24	25.81	25.84	25.89	840.49	856.89	857.89	862.14
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22.23	22.62	22.62	22.61	764.71	773.60	773.60	780.05
Wholesale trade	29.40	29.99	29.93	29.93	1,143.66	1,169.61	1,164.28	1,167.27
Retail trade	17.81	18.01	18.00	18.01	553.89	554.71	556.20	561.91
Transportation and warehousing	23.08	23.59	23.66	23.68	895.50	912.93	908.54	916.42
Utilities	38.22	38.61	38.88	39.23	1,616.71	1,617.76	1,644.62	1,624.12
Information	36.28	37.56	37.55	37.96	1,306.08	1,363.43	1,363.07	1,381.74
Financial activities	32.15	32.79	32.73	32.86	1,208.84	1,226.35	1,220.83	1,232.25
Professional and business services	30.68	31.37	31.59	31.62	1,107.55	1,129.32	1,137.24	1,141.48
Education and health services	25.67	26.11	26.07	26.15	841.98	859.02	857.70	860.34
Leisure and hospitality	14.76	15.26	15.33	15.40	385.24	395.23	398.58	401.94
Other services	22.93	23.62	23.48	23.53	731.47	751.12	749.01	750.61
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2017 - Apr. 2017(p)	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2017 - Apr. 2017(p)
Total private	105.0	106.3	106.3	106.8	0.5	128.3	132.6	132.8	133.7	0.7
Goods-producing	90.6	91.5	91.2	91.7	0.5	109.8	113.0	112.7	113.9	1.1
Mining and logging	92.3	95.1	97.5	99.3	1.8	119.0	124.3	127.5	129.8	1.8
Construction	90.4	92.6	91.7	92.9	1.3	109.8	114.6	113.7	115.3	1.4
Manufacturing	90.5	90.6	90.5	90.8	0.3	108.8	111.2	111.1	112.2	1.0
Durable goods	89.7	89.8	89.4	89.4	0.0	108.3	110.2	109.7	110.4	0.6
Nondurable goods	92.0	92.7	92.3	93.0	0.8	110.2	114.1	113.7	115.3	1.4
Private service-providing	109.2	110.6	110.6	111.1	0.5	133.9	138.7	138.9	139.8	0.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	101.7	101.9	101.8	102.8	1.0	121.7	124.0	123.9	125.1	1.0
Wholesale trade	99.5	100.5	100.3	100.6	0.3	122.1	125.8	125.2	125.7	0.4
Retail trade	99.8	99.4	99.6	100.6	1.0	117.5	118.3	118.5	119.7	1.0
Transportation and warehousing	110.4	111.7	111.0	111.9	0.8	129.2	133.7	133.2	134.5	1.0
Utilities	101.7	100.7	101.6	99.6	-2.0	128.4	128.5	130.5	129.1	-1.1
Information	91.4	91.1	90.9	90.9	0.0	118.1	121.8	121.5	122.9	1.2
Financial activities	101.6	102.9	102.7	103.4	0.7	127.4	131.6	131.0	132.6	1.2
Professional and business services	113.5	116.1	116.5	117.0	0.4	141.1	147.6	149.0	149.9	0.6
Education and health services	120.5	123.3	123.4	123.6	0.2	148.8	154.9	154.7	155.5	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	115.8	116.7	117.2	118.1	0.8	137.9	143.7	145.0	146.7	1.2
Other services	104.4	104.9	105.3	105.4	0.1	131.2	135.8	135.5	135.9	0.3
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)
Total nonfarm	71,186	72,238	72,257	72,341	49.5	49.6	49.5	49.5
Total private	58,482	59,431	59,443	59,512	48.1	48.1	48.1	48.1
Goods-producing	4,316	4,364	4,367	4,375	21.9	21.9	21.9	21.9
Mining and logging	101	100	101	102	14.8	14.6	14.6	14.5
Construction	837	863	859	862	12.5	12.6	12.5	12.5
Manufacturing	3,378	3,401	3,407	3,411	27.3	27.5	27.5	27.5
Durable goods	1,805	1,805	1,809	1,810	23.3	23.4	23.4	23.4
Nondurable goods	1,573	1,596	1,598	1,601	34.0	34.3	34.3	34.3
Private service-providing	54,166	55,067	55,076	55,137	53.1	53.2	53.2	53.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	11,053	11,064	11,035	11,039	40.7	40.4	40.3	40.3
Wholesale trade	1,733.3	1,745.9	1,741.7	1,741.4	29.6	29.6	29.5	29.4
Retail trade	7,986.8	7,959.4	7,937.6	7,938.1	50.6	50.1	50.0	50.0
Transportation and warehousing	1,202.1	1,230.2	1,228.4	1,231.7	24.2	24.4	24.3	24.4
Utilities	131.2	128.0	127.3	128.0	23.6	23.0	22.9	23.0
Information	1,108	1,097	1,092	1,092	39.8	39.9	39.8	39.9
Financial activities	4,697	4,760	4,760	4,765	56.9	56.7	56.6	56.6
Professional and business services	8,955	9,223	9,249	9,255	44.8	45.0	45.0	44.9
Education and health services	17,316	17,692	17,703	17,728	77.0	77.1	77.1	77.1
Leisure and hospitality	8,065	8,216	8,218	8,233	51.9	52.0	52.0	51.9
Other services	2,972	3,015	3,019	3,025	52.4	52.7	52.8	52.8
Government	12,704	12,807	12,814	12,829	57.3	57.4	57.4	57.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [In thousands]

Industry	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)
Total private	100,179	101,784	101,864	101,991
Goods-producing	14,229	14,364	14,378	14,397
Mining and logging	482	482	491	500
Construction	5,068	5,193	5,190	5,193
Manufacturing	8,679	8,689	8,697	8,704
Durable goods	5,323	5,311	5,315	5,309
Nondurable goods	3,356	3,378	3,382	3,395
Private service-providing	85,950	87,420	87,486	87,594
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22,853	23,044	23,031	23,046
Wholesale trade	4,686.0	4,725.4	4,732.9	4,743.2
Retail trade	13,424.7	13,494.4	13,468.0	13,466.5
Transportation and warehousing	4,297.0	4,376.9	4,381.8	4,388.5
Utilities	445.2	447.1	447.8	448.0
Information	2,243	2,213	2,209	2,205
Financial activities	6,391	6,530	6,530	6,539
Professional and business services	16,357	16,801	16,852	16,866
Education and health services	19,721	20,158	20,173	20,206
Leisure and hospitality	13,679	13,932	13,947	13,984
Other services	4,706	4,742	4,744	4,748
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.6	33.6	33.6	33.7
Goods-producing	41.1	41.3	41.0	41.2
Mining and logging	44.9	45.9	45.8	46.0
Construction	39.5	39.8	39.4	39.8
Manufacturing	41.8	41.9	41.7	41.8
Durable goods	42.2	42.4	42.2	42.1
Nondurable goods	41.1	41.3	41.0	41.3
Private service-providing	32.4	32.4	32.3	32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.5	33.6	33.6	33.8
Wholesale trade	38.6	38.8	38.8	38.8
Retail trade	29.8	30.0	30.0	30.3
Transportation and warehousing	38.8	38.3	38.0	38.3
Utilities	42.3	42.2	42.6	41.8
Information	35.6	35.7	35.7	35.8
Financial activities	37.1	36.9	36.9	36.9
Professional and business services	35.5	35.3	35.3	35.4
Education and health services	32.2	32.3	32.2	32.1
Leisure and hospitality	24.9	24.8	24.8	24.9
Other services	30.9	30.8	30.8	30.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.3	4.2	4.2	4.2
Durable goods	4.5	4.3	4.3	4.2
Nondurable goods	4.1	4.0	4.1	4.1
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)
Total private	$21.46	$21.86	$21.90	$21.96	$721.06	$734.50	$735.84	$740.05
Goods-producing	22.46	22.87	22.94	22.96	923.11	944.53	940.54	945.95
Mining and logging	27.13	27.54	27.76	27.83	1,218.14	1,264.09	1,271.41	1,280.18
Construction	25.72	26.29	26.39	26.36	1,015.94	1,046.34	1,039.77	1,049.13
Manufacturing	20.39	20.64	20.69	20.72	852.30	864.82	862.77	866.10
Durable goods	21.46	21.61	21.65	21.63	905.61	916.26	913.63	910.62
Nondurable goods	18.63	19.08	19.14	19.26	765.69	788.00	784.74	795.44
Private service-providing	21.25	21.65	21.69	21.75	688.50	701.46	700.59	704.70
Trade, transportation, and utilities	18.94	19.20	19.24	19.26	634.49	645.12	646.46	650.99
Wholesale trade	24.11	24.58	24.54	24.66	930.65	953.70	952.15	956.81
Retail trade	15.03	15.22	15.24	15.26	447.89	456.60	457.20	462.38
Transportation and warehousing	20.88	21.04	21.14	21.17	810.14	805.83	803.32	810.81
Utilities	35.10	36.00	36.25	36.08	1,484.73	1,519.20	1,544.25	1,508.14
Information	29.84	30.36	30.44	30.54	1,062.30	1,083.85	1,086.71	1,093.33
Financial activities	26.11	26.29	26.38	26.49	968.68	970.10	973.42	977.48
Professional and business services	25.27	25.83	25.91	26.01	897.09	911.80	914.62	920.75
Education and health services	22.47	22.89	22.88	22.95	723.53	739.35	736.74	736.70
Leisure and hospitality	12.78	13.18	13.24	13.30	318.22	326.86	328.35	331.17
Other services	19.28	19.84	19.73	19.81	595.75	611.07	607.68	610.15
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1) [2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2017 - Apr. 2017(p)	Apr. 2016	Feb. 2017	Mar. 2017(p)	Apr. 2017(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2017 - Apr. 2017(p)
Total private	112.1	113.9	114.0	114.5	0.4	160.8	166.5	166.9	168.1	0.7
Goods-producing	89.4	90.7	90.1	90.6	0.6	122.9	127.0	126.5	127.4	0.7
Mining and logging	115.0	117.6	119.5	122.2	2.3	181.5	188.3	192.9	197.8	2.5
Construction	100.2	103.5	102.4	103.5	1.1	139.2	146.9	145.9	147.3	1.0
Manufacturing	83.3	83.6	83.3	83.5	0.2	111.0	112.8	112.6	113.2	0.5
Durable goods	84.4	84.6	84.3	84.0	-0.4	113.1	114.2	113.9	113.4	-0.4
Nondurable goods	81.3	82.2	81.7	82.6	1.1	107.0	110.8	110.5	112.4	1.7
Private service-providing	118.6	120.6	120.3	120.9	0.5	172.8	179.1	179.0	180.3	0.7
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.7	107.9	107.9	108.6	0.6	144.2	147.8	148.1	149.2	0.7
Wholesale trade	106.5	108.0	108.1	108.4	0.3	151.3	156.3	156.3	157.4	0.7
Retail trade	101.3	102.5	102.3	103.3	1.0	130.4	133.7	133.6	135.1	1.1
Transportation and warehousing	125.5	126.2	125.3	126.5	1.0	166.2	168.4	168.1	169.9	1.1
Utilities	96.3	96.5	97.6	95.8	-1.8	141.1	145.0	147.6	144.2	-2.3
Information	91.1	90.2	90.0	90.1	0.1	134.6	135.5	135.6	136.2	0.4
Financial activities	111.6	113.4	113.4	113.6	0.2	179.3	183.5	184.1	185.1	0.5
Professional and business services	130.1	132.9	133.3	133.8	0.4	195.7	204.3	205.6	207.1	0.7
Education and health services	135.4	138.8	138.5	138.3	-0.1	200.8	209.7	209.2	209.5	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	124.8	126.6	126.7	127.5	0.6	181.1	189.4	190.5	192.6	1.1
Other services	102.0	102.4	102.5	102.6	0.1	143.3	148.1	147.3	148.0	0.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.