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Economic News Release
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CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until		USDL-22-0557
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 1, 2022

Technical information: 
 Household data:	(202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:	(202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:		(202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov

	
			 THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- MARCH 2022


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 431,000 in March, and the unemployment rate
declined to 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job
gains continued in leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, retail
trade, and manufacturing.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey 
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. 
The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry.
For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two 
surveys, see the Technical Note.

Household Survey Data

The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.6 percent in March, and the
number of unemployed persons decreased by 318,000 to 6.0 million. These measures are 
little different from their values in February 2020 (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, 
respectively), prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult women (3.3 percent) 
declined in March. The jobless rates for adult men (3.4 percent), teenagers (10.0 
percent), Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians (2.8 percent), and 
Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2,
and A-3.)

Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers decreased by 191,000 to 1.4 
million in March and is little different from its February 2020 level of 1.3 million. 
The number of persons on temporary layoff was little changed over the month at 787,000
and has essentially returned to its February 2020 level. The number of job leavers--that
is, unemployed persons who quit or voluntarily left their previous job and began looking
for new employment--fell by 176,000 to 787,000 in March. (See table A-11.)

In March, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more)
decreased by 274,000 to 1.4 million. This measure is 307,000 higher than in February 
2020. The long-term unemployed accounted for 23.9 percent of all unemployed persons in 
March. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.4 percent, changed little in March. The 
employment-population ratio increased by 0.2 percentage point to 60.1 percent. Both 
measures remain below their February 2020 values (63.4 percent and 61.2 percent, 
respectively). (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was about unchanged at 4.2
million in March and is little different from its February 2020 level. These individuals,
who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours
had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job increased by 
382,000 to 5.7 million in March, following a decrease of a similar magnitude in the prior
month. This measure is above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals 
were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the
4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally 
attached to the labor force, at 1.4 million, changed little in March. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 
months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of 
discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were
available for them, was essentially unchanged over the month at 373,000. (See Summary 
table A.)

Household Survey Supplemental Data

In March, 10.0 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic,
down from 13.0 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who 
teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey 
specifically because of the pandemic.

In March, 2.5 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their
employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic--that is, they did not work at all
or worked fewer hours at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the 
pandemic. This measure is down from 4.2 million in the previous month. Among those who
reported in March that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or 
lost business, 15.4 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours
not worked, down from 20.3 percent in February.

Among those not in the labor force in March, 874,000 persons were prevented from looking
for work due to the pandemic, down from 1.2 million in the prior month. (To be counted 
as unemployed, by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on
temporary layoff.)

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in 
May 2020 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not
seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months
are available online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 431,000 in March, as job gains continued in 
leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, retail trade, and 
manufacturing. Overall, job growth averaged 562,000 per month in the first quarter of 
2022, the same as the average monthly gain for 2021. However, employment is down by 1.6 
million, or 1.0 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. (See table B-1.)

Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to increase, with a gain of 112,000 in 
March. Job growth occurred in food services and drinking places (+61,000) and 
accommodation (+25,000). Employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 1.5 million, or
8.7 percent, since February 2020.

Job growth continued in professional and business services, which added 102,000 jobs in
March. Within the industry, job gains occurred in services to buildings and dwellings 
(+22,000), accounting and bookkeeping services (+18,000), management and technical 
consulting services (+15,000), computer systems design and related services (+12,000),
and scientific research and development services (+5,000). Employment in professional 
and business services is 723,000 higher than in February 2020.

Employment in retail trade increased by 49,000 in March, with gains in general 
merchandise stores (+20,000) and food and beverage stores (+18,000). Health and personal
care stores lost 5,000 jobs. Retail trade employment is 278,000 above its level in 
February 2020.

Manufacturing added 38,000 jobs in March. Employment in durable goods industries rose by
22,000, with gains in transportation equipment (+11,000) and electrical equipment and 
appliances (+4,000). These gains were partially offset by a loss of 5,000 jobs in 
nonmetallic mineral products. Nondurable goods manufacturing added 16,000 jobs over the
month, including a gain in chemicals (+7,000). Since February 2020, manufacturing 
employment is down by 128,000, or 1.0 percent.

Employment in social assistance increased by 25,000 in March, with the gain 
concentrated in individual and family services (+18,000). Employment in social 
assistance is down by 126,000, or 2.9 percent, from its level in February 2020. 

Employment in construction continued to trend up in March (+19,000) and has returned to
its February 2020 level.

In March, employment in financial activities rose by 16,000, with gains in real estate
and rental and leasing (+14,000) and in securities, commodity contracts, and investments
(+5,000). Employment in financial activities is 41,000 above its level in February 2020.

Health care employment changed little in March (+8,000), after a large increase in the
prior month. Employment in the industry is down by 298,000, or 1.8 percent, since 
February 2020.

Employment in transportation and warehousing was essentially unchanged in March 
(-1,000), following large gains in the prior 2 months. In March, a job gain in couriers
and messengers (+7,000) was offset by small losses in other component industries. 
Employment in transportation and warehousing is 608,000 higher than in February 2020.

Employment showed little change over the month in mining, wholesale trade, information,
other services, and government.

Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 13 cents
to $31.73 in March. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased 
by 5.6 percent. In March, average hourly earnings of private sector production and
nonsupervisory employees rose by 11 cents to $27.06. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 hour 
to 34.6 hours in March. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was
unchanged at 40.7 hours, and overtime fell by 0.1 hour to 3.4 hours. The average 
workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls 
declined by 0.1 hour to 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised up by 23,000,
from +481,000 to +504,000, and the change for February was revised up by 72,000, 
from +678,000 to +750,000. With these revisions, employment in January and February
combined is 95,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from 
additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, 
May 6, 2022, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Change from:
Feb.
2022-
Mar.
2022

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

261,003 263,202 263,324 263,444 120

Civilian labor force

160,631 163,687 163,991 164,409 418

Participation rate

61.5 62.2 62.3 62.4 0.1

Employed

150,940 157,174 157,722 158,458 736

Employment-population ratio

57.8 59.7 59.9 60.1 0.2

Unemployed

9,691 6,513 6,270 5,952 -318

Unemployment rate

6.0 4.0 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Not in labor force

100,372 99,516 99,333 99,035 -298

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

6.0 4.0 3.8 3.6 -0.2

Adult men (20 years and over)

5.8 3.8 3.5 3.4 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)

5.7 3.6 3.6 3.3 -0.3

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

12.7 10.9 10.3 10.0 -0.3

White

5.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 -0.1

Black or African American

9.5 6.9 6.6 6.2 -0.4

Asian

5.9 3.6 3.1 2.8 -0.3

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

7.7 4.9 4.4 4.2 -0.2

Total, 25 years and over

5.2 3.4 3.3 2.9 -0.4

Less than a high school diploma

8.2 6.3 4.3 5.2 0.9

High school graduates, no college

6.6 4.6 4.5 4.0 -0.5

Some college or associate degree

5.8 3.6 3.8 3.0 -0.8

Bachelor's degree and higher

3.7 2.3 2.2 2.0 -0.2

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

6,262 3,220 3,044 2,831 -213

Job leavers

768 952 963 787 -176

Reentrants

2,248 1,959 1,947 1,985 38

New entrants

503 433 417 463 46

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,204 2,417 2,131 2,289 158

5 to 14 weeks

1,950 1,607 1,800 1,684 -116

15 to 26 weeks

1,371 816 735 571 -164

27 weeks and over

4,201 1,691 1,702 1,428 -274

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

5,823 3,717 4,135 4,170 35

Slack work or business conditions

4,643 2,430 2,707 2,880 173

Could only find part-time work

1,013 969 1,060 1,055 -5

Part time for noneconomic reasons

19,128 20,198 20,667 20,870 203

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,852 1,526 1,471 1,360 -111

Discouraged workers

522 408 391 373 -18

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

704 504 750 431

Total private

650 492 739 426

Goods-producing

155 32 102 60

Mining and logging

9 0 7 3

Construction

100 6 57 19

Manufacturing

46 26 38 38

Durable goods(1)

26 10 15 22

Motor vehicles and parts

8.2 0.3 -16.0 6.4

Nondurable goods

20 16 23 16

Private service-providing

495 460 637 366

Wholesale trade

13.1 12.6 19.6 7.0

Retail trade

36.0 121.4 110.3 49.0

Transportation and warehousing

50.1 53.4 69.7 -0.5

Utilities

0.6 0.6 -0.4 -1.2

Information

10 5 -5 16

Financial activities

9 2 30 16

Professional and business services(1)

119 88 105 102

Temporary help services

22.4 27.7 43.0 4.9

Education and health services(1)

87 33 117 53

Health care and social assistance

62.3 11.1 96.8 33.3

Leisure and hospitality

153 138 154 112

Other services

17 6 37 13

Government

54 12 11 5

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

645 580 614 562

Total private

589 560 597 552

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.7 49.7 49.7 49.8

Total private women employees

48.3 48.3 48.3 48.3

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

81.2 81.5 81.5 81.5

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.9 34.6 34.7 34.6

Average hourly earnings

$30.06 $31.56 $31.60 $31.73

Average weekly earnings

$1,049.09 $1,091.98 $1,096.52 $1,097.86

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

107.4 110.8 111.8 111.8

Over-the-month percent change

1.4 -0.2 0.9 0.0

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

154.3 167.2 168.9 169.7

Over-the-month percent change

1.4 0.4 1.0 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (256 industries)

76.8 62.9 81.3 69.7

Manufacturing (74 industries)

73.0 60.1 85.1 64.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 670,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2017 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series, and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

261,003 263,324 263,444 261,003 262,029 262,136 263,202 263,324 263,444

Civilian labor force

160,397 163,725 164,274 160,631 162,126 162,294 163,687 163,991 164,409

Participation rate

61.5 62.2 62.4 61.5 61.9 61.9 62.2 62.3 62.4

Employed

150,493 156,942 158,106 150,940 155,324 155,975 157,174 157,722 158,458

Employment-population ratio

57.7 59.6 60.0 57.8 59.3 59.5 59.7 59.9 60.1

Unemployed

9,905 6,782 6,168 9,691 6,802 6,319 6,513 6,270 5,952

Unemployment rate

6.2 4.1 3.8 6.0 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force

100,606 99,600 99,170 100,372 99,902 99,842 99,516 99,333 99,035

Persons who currently want a job

6,576 5,299 5,502 6,822 5,819 5,713 5,704 5,355 5,737

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

126,266 128,296 128,355 126,266 126,779 126,832 128,236 128,296 128,355

Civilian labor force

84,728 87,271 87,408 85,008 86,017 85,857 87,074 87,567 87,660

Participation rate

67.1 68.0 68.1 67.3 67.8 67.7 67.9 68.3 68.3

Employed

79,188 83,460 83,902 79,777 82,432 82,508 83,518 84,247 84,465

Employment-population ratio

62.7 65.1 65.4 63.2 65.0 65.1 65.1 65.7 65.8

Unemployed

5,540 3,812 3,506 5,231 3,585 3,349 3,556 3,320 3,195

Unemployment rate

6.5 4.4 4.0 6.2 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.6

Not in labor force

41,538 41,024 40,947 41,259 40,762 40,975 41,162 40,729 40,695

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

117,949 119,669 119,726 117,949 118,466 118,520 119,612 119,669 119,726

Civilian labor force

81,992 84,390 84,403 82,048 83,007 82,902 83,967 84,446 84,426

Participation rate

69.5 70.5 70.5 69.6 70.1 69.9 70.2 70.6 70.5

Employed

76,872 80,918 81,201 77,262 79,736 79,892 80,767 81,473 81,554

Employment-population ratio

65.2 67.6 67.8 65.5 67.3 67.4 67.5 68.1 68.1

Unemployed

5,120 3,472 3,202 4,786 3,272 3,010 3,199 2,973 2,872

Unemployment rate

6.2 4.1 3.8 5.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.4

Not in labor force

35,957 35,280 35,323 35,901 35,459 35,618 35,645 35,224 35,300

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

134,737 135,028 135,089 134,737 135,250 135,304 134,966 135,028 135,089

Civilian labor force

75,670 76,453 76,866 75,623 76,109 76,437 76,612 76,425 76,749

Participation rate

56.2 56.6 56.9 56.1 56.3 56.5 56.8 56.6 56.8

Employed

71,305 73,483 74,203 71,163 72,892 73,467 73,656 73,475 73,992

Employment-population ratio

52.9 54.4 54.9 52.8 53.9 54.3 54.6 54.4 54.8

Unemployed

4,365 2,971 2,663 4,461 3,217 2,970 2,957 2,950 2,757

Unemployment rate

5.8 3.9 3.5 5.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6

Not in labor force

59,067 58,575 58,223 59,113 59,141 58,867 58,354 58,604 58,340

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

126,594 126,631 126,691 126,594 127,112 127,167 126,570 126,631 126,691

Civilian labor force

72,818 73,650 73,946 72,635 73,134 73,455 73,494 73,446 73,695

Participation rate

57.5 58.2 58.4 57.4 57.5 57.8 58.1 58.0 58.2

Employed

68,730 70,931 71,555 68,486 70,257 70,795 70,857 70,775 71,244

Employment-population ratio

54.3 56.0 56.5 54.1 55.3 55.7 56.0 55.9 56.2

Unemployed

4,088 2,718 2,391 4,149 2,876 2,660 2,637 2,671 2,451

Unemployment rate

5.6 3.7 3.2 5.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3

Not in labor force

53,775 52,981 52,745 53,959 53,978 53,712 53,076 53,185 52,996

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,460 17,024 17,027 16,460 16,450 16,449 17,020 17,024 17,027

Civilian labor force

5,587 5,685 5,926 5,948 5,985 5,936 6,226 6,100 6,288

Participation rate

33.9 33.4 34.8 36.1 36.4 36.1 36.6 35.8 36.9

Employed

4,890 5,094 5,350 5,192 5,331 5,287 5,550 5,474 5,660

Employment-population ratio

29.7 29.9 31.4 31.5 32.4 32.1 32.6 32.2 33.2

Unemployed

697 592 576 756 654 649 676 626 629

Unemployment rate

12.5 10.4 9.7 12.7 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.3 10.0

Not in labor force

10,873 11,339 11,102 10,512 10,465 10,512 10,795 10,924 10,739

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

201,642 202,875 202,932 201,642 202,199 202,250 202,819 202,875 202,932

Civilian labor force

123,768 126,014 126,302 123,902 124,677 124,780 125,782 126,139 126,364

Participation rate

61.4 62.1 62.2 61.4 61.7 61.7 62.0 62.2 62.3

Employed

116,981 121,402 122,122 117,288 120,084 120,749 121,497 121,967 122,357

Employment-population ratio

58.0 59.8 60.2 58.2 59.4 59.7 59.9 60.1 60.3

Unemployed

6,787 4,612 4,180 6,614 4,593 4,032 4,285 4,172 4,007

Unemployment rate

5.5 3.7 3.3 5.3 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2

Not in labor force

77,874 76,861 76,630 77,740 77,521 77,469 77,038 76,736 76,568

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

64,348 65,987 66,085 64,346 64,973 65,000 65,736 65,972 66,059

Participation rate

69.6 70.5 70.6 69.6 70.0 70.0 70.2 70.5 70.6

Employed

60,753 63,583 63,808 61,008 62,835 63,047 63,612 63,995 64,043

Employment-population ratio

65.7 67.9 68.1 66.0 67.7 67.9 68.0 68.4 68.4

Unemployed

3,596 2,404 2,278 3,338 2,138 1,953 2,124 1,977 2,015

Unemployment rate

5.6 3.6 3.4 5.2 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

55,040 55,501 55,556 54,908 55,069 55,177 55,169 55,312 55,376

Participation rate

56.7 57.3 57.4 56.6 56.6 56.7 57.0 57.1 57.2

Employed

52,340 53,737 54,041 52,162 53,030 53,493 53,449 53,571 53,803

Employment-population ratio

53.9 55.5 55.8 53.7 54.5 54.9 55.2 55.3 55.6

Unemployed

2,699 1,764 1,515 2,746 2,039 1,684 1,720 1,740 1,572

Unemployment rate

4.9 3.2 2.7 5.0 3.7 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,380 4,525 4,660 4,648 4,635 4,603 4,877 4,855 4,930

Participation rate

36.3 36.3 37.4 38.5 38.4 38.2 39.1 38.9 39.5

Employed

3,888 4,082 4,273 4,118 4,219 4,209 4,435 4,400 4,510

Employment-population ratio

32.2 32.7 34.3 34.1 35.0 34.9 35.6 35.3 36.2

Unemployed

492 444 388 530 415 395 442 455 420

Unemployment rate

11.2 9.8 8.3 11.4 9.0 8.6 9.1 9.4 8.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

33,530 34,004 34,030 33,530 33,725 33,749 33,978 34,004 34,030

Civilian labor force

20,283 21,003 21,026 20,344 20,477 20,506 21,056 21,145 21,134

Participation rate

60.5 61.8 61.8 60.7 60.7 60.8 62.0 62.2 62.1

Employed

18,281 19,566 19,695 18,419 19,143 19,057 19,597 19,751 19,825

Employment-population ratio

54.5 57.5 57.9 54.9 56.8 56.5 57.7 58.1 58.3

Unemployed

2,002 1,437 1,331 1,925 1,335 1,449 1,459 1,394 1,309

Unemployment rate

9.9 6.8 6.3 9.5 6.5 7.1 6.9 6.6 6.2

Not in labor force

13,247 13,001 13,003 13,186 13,248 13,243 12,922 12,859 12,895

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,394 9,887 9,754 9,421 9,466 9,378 9,741 9,966 9,817

Participation rate

66.3 68.4 67.4 66.5 66.4 65.7 67.5 69.0 67.9

Employed

8,406 9,200 9,163 8,510 8,787 8,723 9,051 9,327 9,264

Employment-population ratio

59.4 63.7 63.4 60.1 61.6 61.1 62.7 64.5 64.1

Unemployed

988 687 590 911 679 655 690 640 553

Unemployment rate

10.5 6.9 6.1 9.7 7.2 7.0 7.1 6.4 5.6

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,197 10,527 10,572 10,182 10,301 10,445 10,568 10,537 10,569

Participation rate

60.1 61.6 61.8 60.0 60.3 61.1 61.9 61.7 61.8

Employed

9,296 9,874 9,986 9,300 9,802 9,794 9,954 9,897 9,984

Employment-population ratio

54.8 57.8 58.4 54.8 57.4 57.3 58.3 57.9 58.4

Unemployed

902 653 586 882 500 651 614 640 585

Unemployment rate

8.8 6.2 5.5 8.7 4.9 6.2 5.8 6.1 5.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

691 589 701 740 711 683 747 642 749

Participation rate

28.9 23.8 28.3 30.9 29.8 28.6 30.2 26.0 30.3

Employed

579 491 546 609 554 540 592 528 577

Employment-population ratio

24.2 19.9 22.1 25.4 23.2 22.6 24.0 21.4 23.3

Unemployed

112 98 155 132 157 143 155 114 172

Unemployment rate

16.2 16.6 22.1 17.8 22.0 21.0 20.7 17.8 22.9

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,532 16,782 16,803 16,532 16,513 16,612 16,903 16,782 16,803

Civilian labor force

10,433 10,567 10,784 10,411 10,781 10,739 10,880 10,555 10,761

Participation rate

63.1 63.0 64.2 63.0 65.3 64.6 64.4 62.9 64.0

Employed

9,817 10,256 10,493 9,798 10,362 10,326 10,492 10,231 10,460

Employment-population ratio

59.4 61.1 62.4 59.3 62.8 62.2 62.1 61.0 62.3

Unemployed

616 311 291 613 419 413 388 324 300

Unemployment rate

5.9 2.9 2.7 5.9 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.1 2.8

Not in labor force

6,099 6,215 6,019 6,120 5,731 5,873 6,022 6,227 6,042

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

44,651 45,816 45,888 44,651 45,232 45,303 45,740 45,816 45,888

Civilian labor force

29,232 30,449 30,498 29,182 29,979 29,883 30,390 30,492 30,475

Participation rate

65.5 66.5 66.5 65.4 66.3 66.0 66.4 66.6 66.4

Employed

26,848 28,991 29,155 26,942 28,432 28,427 28,893 29,136 29,209

Employment-population ratio

60.1 63.3 63.5 60.3 62.9 62.7 63.2 63.6 63.7

Unemployed

2,384 1,458 1,343 2,240 1,547 1,456 1,497 1,356 1,265

Unemployment rate

8.2 4.8 4.4 7.7 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.2

Not in labor force

15,418 15,367 15,390 15,468 15,253 15,420 15,350 15,324 15,414

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

16,033 16,678 16,672 15,940 16,422 16,266 16,586 16,700 16,619

Participation rate

79.5 80.3 80.2 79.0 80.3 79.4 80.0 80.4 79.9

Employed

14,733 15,964 15,938 14,794 15,681 15,580 15,867 16,086 15,979

Employment-population ratio

73.0 76.9 76.6 73.3 76.7 76.1 76.6 77.5 76.8

Unemployed

1,300 713 734 1,147 741 687 719 614 640

Unemployment rate

8.1 4.3 4.4 7.2 4.5 4.2 4.3 3.7 3.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

11,869 12,425 12,465 11,893 12,170 12,288 12,383 12,403 12,477

Participation rate

58.1 59.7 59.8 58.2 58.7 59.2 59.6 59.6 59.8

Employed

10,983 11,809 11,928 11,020 11,531 11,682 11,775 11,802 11,950

Employment-population ratio

53.7 56.7 57.2 53.9 55.7 56.3 56.6 56.7 57.3

Unemployed

886 616 537 873 639 606 608 601 527

Unemployment rate

7.5 5.0 4.3 7.3 5.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,331 1,346 1,361 1,349 1,387 1,328 1,421 1,389 1,379

Participation rate

33.0 31.8 32.1 33.5 34.1 32.6 33.6 32.8 32.5

Employed

1,133 1,218 1,289 1,128 1,220 1,165 1,251 1,248 1,280

Employment-population ratio

28.1 28.8 30.4 28.0 30.0 28.6 29.6 29.5 30.2

Unemployed

198 129 72 220 167 163 170 141 98

Unemployment rate

14.9 9.6 5.3 16.3 12.1 12.2 12.0 10.2 7.1

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

8,835 8,647 9,030 8,935 8,791 8,712 8,687 8,962 9,097

Participation rate

43.9 45.2 45.3 44.4 45.1 44.8 44.5 46.8 45.6

Employed

7,997 8,141 8,456 8,198 8,304 8,255 8,142 8,574 8,627

Employment-population ratio

39.8 42.5 42.4 40.8 42.6 42.5 41.7 44.8 43.2

Unemployed

838 507 574 737 487 457 545 388 470

Unemployment rate

9.5 5.9 6.4 8.2 5.5 5.2 6.3 4.3 5.2

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

34,351 36,577 36,943 34,283 35,444 35,828 37,064 36,589 36,847

Participation rate

54.9 56.2 56.9 54.8 55.7 55.7 57.2 56.2 56.8

Employed

31,902 34,793 35,365 32,004 33,615 34,188 35,361 34,953 35,368

Employment-population ratio

51.0 53.5 54.5 51.2 52.9 53.1 54.6 53.7 54.5

Unemployed

2,449 1,784 1,578 2,279 1,829 1,640 1,703 1,636 1,479

Unemployment rate

7.1 4.9 4.3 6.6 5.2 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.0

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

35,782 35,337 35,600 35,761 35,417 35,477 35,320 35,391 35,555

Participation rate

63.3 63.5 63.5 63.3 62.6 62.7 63.1 63.6 63.4

Employed

33,608 33,931 34,468 33,691 34,105 34,204 34,059 34,060 34,480

Employment-population ratio

59.5 61.0 61.5 59.6 60.2 60.4 60.9 61.2 61.5

Unemployed

2,174 1,406 1,132 2,070 1,312 1,274 1,261 1,331 1,075

Unemployment rate

6.1 4.0 3.2 5.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.0

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

61,316 62,734 62,027 60,871 61,317 61,134 61,699 62,003 61,597

Participation rate

72.6 73.3 73.3 72.0 72.0 72.3 72.6 72.4 72.8

Employed

59,086 61,375 60,855 58,623 59,937 59,860 60,294 60,656 60,386

Employment-population ratio

69.9 71.7 71.9 69.4 70.4 70.8 70.9 70.9 71.4

Unemployed

2,230 1,359 1,172 2,248 1,380 1,274 1,404 1,347 1,211

Unemployment rate

3.6 2.2 1.9 3.7 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

18,914 18,449 16,905 16,427 2,009 2,022

Civilian labor force

8,995 8,979 7,820 7,799 1,176 1,180

Participation rate

47.6 48.7 46.3 47.5 58.5 58.3

Employed

8,544 8,763 7,403 7,603 1,141 1,160

Employment-population ratio

45.2 47.5 43.8 46.3 56.8 57.4

Unemployed

452 216 417 196 35 20

Unemployment rate

5.0 2.4 5.3 2.5 2.9 1.7

Not in labor force

9,919 9,470 9,085 8,628 833 842

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,622 4,761 3,833 3,864 789 898

Civilian labor force

3,637 3,860 3,103 3,218 534 642

Participation rate

78.7 81.1 81.0 83.3 67.7 71.6

Employed

3,414 3,746 2,900 3,115 514 631

Employment-population ratio

73.9 78.7 75.7 80.6 65.1 70.3

Unemployed

223 114 203 103 20 12

Unemployment rate

6.1 3.0 6.5 3.2 3.8 1.8

Not in labor force

985 901 730 645 255 255

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,315 3,332 2,776 2,870 539 461

Civilian labor force

2,455 2,493 2,063 2,158 392 335

Participation rate

74.1 74.8 74.3 75.2 72.8 72.6

Employed

2,345 2,460 1,964 2,127 381 332

Employment-population ratio

70.8 73.8 70.7 74.1 70.8 72.0

Unemployed

110 34 99 31 11 3

Unemployment rate

4.5 1.4 4.8 1.4 2.8 0.8

Not in labor force

860 839 713 712 146 126

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

6,804 6,322 6,541 6,070 263 252

Civilian labor force

1,141 945 1,106 913 35 32

Participation rate

16.8 15.0 16.9 15.0 13.3 12.9

Employed

1,090 911 1,059 884 31 27

Employment-population ratio

16.0 14.4 16.2 14.6 11.9 10.6

Unemployed

51 34 47 28 3 6

Unemployment rate

4.4 3.6 4.3 3.1 - -

Not in labor force

5,663 5,377 5,435 5,157 228 220

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,173 4,034 3,755 3,623 418 411

Civilian labor force

1,762 1,680 1,548 1,510 214 170

Participation rate

42.2 41.7 41.2 41.7 51.3 41.4

Employed

1,694 1,646 1,480 1,476 214 170

Employment-population ratio

40.6 40.8 39.4 40.7 51.3 41.4

Unemployed

68 35 68 35 0 0

Unemployment rate

3.9 2.1 4.4 2.3 0.0 0.0

Not in labor force

2,411 2,354 2,207 2,113 204 241

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

233,443 235,932 104,963 107,359 128,480 128,573

Civilian labor force

149,422 153,017 76,020 78,515 73,403 74,501

Participation rate

64.0 64.9 72.4 73.1 57.1 57.9

Employed

140,208 147,263 71,012 75,305 69,196 71,959

Employment-population ratio

60.1 62.4 67.7 70.1 53.9 56.0

Unemployed

9,215 5,753 5,008 3,211 4,207 2,543

Unemployment rate

6.2 3.8 6.6 4.1 5.7 3.4

Not in labor force

84,021 82,915 28,943 28,844 55,077 54,072

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

30,108 32,616 230,895 230,828

Civilian labor force

6,082 7,550 154,315 156,724

Participation rate

20.2 23.1 66.8 67.9

Employed

5,459 6,882 145,034 151,224

Employment-population ratio

18.1 21.1 62.8 65.5

Unemployed

623 668 9,282 5,501

Unemployment rate

10.2 8.8 6.0 3.5

Not in labor force

24,026 25,066 76,580 74,104

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,494 3,202 76,533 78,110

Participation rate

33.3 38.8 81.6 82.6

Employed

2,226 2,889 71,553 75,114

Employment-population ratio

29.8 35.0 76.3 79.4

Unemployed

268 313 4,981 2,996

Unemployment rate

10.7 9.8 6.5 3.8

Not in labor force

4,985 5,050 17,222 16,444

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,506 3,107 68,417 69,120

Participation rate

33.4 36.7 70.8 71.9

Employed

2,214 2,804 64,580 66,884

Employment-population ratio

29.5 33.2 66.9 69.6

Unemployed

292 303 3,837 2,236

Unemployment rate

11.6 9.7 5.6 3.2

Not in labor force

5,002 5,351 28,181 26,947

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,082 1,242 9,365 9,494

Participation rate

7.2 7.8 23.1 23.6

Employed

1,019 1,190 8,901 9,226

Employment-population ratio

6.7 7.5 22.0 22.9

Unemployed

63 52 464 268

Unemployment rate

5.9 4.2 5.0 2.8

Not in labor force

14,039 14,665 31,176 30,713

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

43,059 44,456 20,674 21,475 22,385 22,982

Civilian labor force

27,775 29,159 15,838 16,553 11,937 12,606

Participation rate

64.5 65.6 76.6 77.1 53.3 54.9

Employed

25,886 28,172 14,841 16,001 11,045 12,172

Employment-population ratio

60.1 63.4 71.8 74.5 49.3 53.0

Unemployed

1,889 986 997 552 892 435

Unemployment rate

6.8 3.4 6.3 3.3 7.5 3.4

Not in labor force

15,285 15,297 4,836 4,922 10,449 10,376

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

217,944 218,988 105,593 106,880 112,351 112,108

Civilian labor force

132,623 135,115 68,890 70,855 63,733 64,260

Participation rate

60.9 61.7 65.2 66.3 56.7 57.3

Employed

124,607 129,933 64,347 67,901 60,260 62,032

Employment-population ratio

57.2 59.3 60.9 63.5 53.6 55.3

Unemployed

8,016 5,182 4,543 2,954 3,473 2,228

Unemployment rate

6.0 3.8 6.6 4.2 5.4 3.5

Not in labor force

85,321 83,873 36,702 36,025 48,619 47,847

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,109 2,262 2,256 2,227 2,212 2,308 2,326 2,383 2,378

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,429 1,457 1,490 1,521 1,434 1,477 1,501 1,525 1,571

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

623 771 737 645 744 785 771 801 758

Unpaid family workers

57 34 29 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

148,384 154,681 155,849 148,550 152,933 153,409 154,598 155,094 155,871

Wage and salary workers(1)

139,161 145,611 146,612 139,504 143,816 144,474 145,993 146,263 146,955

Government

20,958 21,375 21,687 20,617 20,750 21,097 21,274 20,971 21,296

Private industries

118,203 124,235 124,924 118,663 123,416 123,172 124,240 124,886 125,204

Private households

650 572 575 - - - - - -

Other industries

117,553 123,663 124,349 117,988 122,796 122,484 123,512 124,144 124,505

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,143 9,002 9,165 9,248 9,256 9,282 9,089 9,175 9,260

Unpaid family workers

80 69 73 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

5,913 4,349 4,266 5,823 4,266 3,929 3,717 4,135 4,170

Slack work or business conditions

4,660 2,946 2,921 4,643 2,903 2,594 2,430 2,707 2,880

Could only find part-time work

1,061 1,089 1,116 1,013 1,059 1,082 969 1,060 1,055

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

19,523 21,301 21,356 19,128 20,440 20,315 20,198 20,667 20,870

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

5,859 4,278 4,211 5,803 4,244 3,898 3,620 4,105 4,149

Slack work or business conditions

4,622 2,900 2,879 4,609 2,869 2,578 2,400 2,672 2,842

Could only find part-time work

1,060 1,084 1,114 1,010 1,056 1,079 960 1,053 1,049

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

19,151 20,894 20,997 18,748 20,075 19,951 19,839 20,275 20,498

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

150,493 156,942 158,106 150,940 155,324 155,975 157,174 157,722 158,458

16 to 19 years

4,890 5,094 5,350 5,192 5,331 5,287 5,550 5,474 5,660

16 to 17 years

1,742 2,082 2,080 1,945 2,087 2,075 2,188 2,295 2,310

18 to 19 years

3,149 3,012 3,270 3,264 3,243 3,214 3,378 3,205 3,392

20 years and over

145,603 151,849 152,756 145,748 149,993 150,688 151,624 152,248 152,798

20 to 24 years

13,009 13,609 13,611 13,167 13,824 13,870 13,756 13,834 13,774

25 years and over

132,593 138,240 139,145 132,549 136,065 136,605 137,840 138,412 139,055

25 to 54 years

96,911 100,923 101,788 96,938 99,396 99,740 100,647 101,109 101,769

25 to 34 years

34,125 35,052 35,358 34,136 35,347 35,352 34,985 35,125 35,367

35 to 44 years

32,356 34,443 34,672 32,413 33,174 33,454 34,147 34,535 34,695

45 to 54 years

30,431 31,427 31,758 30,390 30,875 30,934 31,515 31,448 31,707

55 years and over

35,682 37,317 37,357 35,611 36,669 36,865 37,193 37,304 37,287

Men, 16 years and over

79,188 83,460 83,902 79,777 82,432 82,508 83,518 84,247 84,465

16 to 19 years

2,316 2,542 2,701 2,515 2,696 2,616 2,751 2,774 2,911

16 to 17 years

774 1,014 995 893 1,017 970 1,022 1,131 1,137

18 to 19 years

1,542 1,528 1,707 1,634 1,686 1,655 1,744 1,659 1,804

20 years and over

76,872 80,918 81,201 77,262 79,736 79,892 80,767 81,473 81,554

20 to 24 years

6,594 6,891 6,847 6,711 7,100 7,070 7,032 7,059 6,975

25 years and over

70,278 74,027 74,354 70,552 72,535 72,702 73,752 74,457 74,613

25 to 54 years

51,374 53,898 54,113 51,582 52,894 52,992 53,693 54,227 54,331

25 to 34 years

18,188 18,667 18,719 18,246 18,797 18,793 18,555 18,788 18,782

35 to 44 years

17,393 18,566 18,608 17,481 17,845 17,899 18,420 18,696 18,696

45 to 54 years

15,793 16,665 16,786 15,856 16,252 16,300 16,718 16,743 16,852

55 years and over

18,904 20,129 20,240 18,970 19,641 19,710 20,059 20,230 20,282

Women, 16 years and over

71,305 73,483 74,203 71,163 72,892 73,467 73,656 73,475 73,992

16 to 19 years

2,574 2,551 2,649 2,677 2,635 2,671 2,799 2,699 2,748

16 to 17 years

968 1,068 1,085 1,052 1,070 1,105 1,166 1,164 1,173

18 to 19 years

1,607 1,483 1,564 1,630 1,557 1,558 1,634 1,546 1,589

20 years and over

68,730 70,931 71,555 68,486 70,257 70,795 70,857 70,775 71,244

20 to 24 years

6,415 6,718 6,764 6,457 6,724 6,799 6,725 6,775 6,799

25 years and over

62,315 64,213 64,791 61,997 63,530 63,904 64,088 63,955 64,442

25 to 54 years

45,537 47,025 47,675 45,356 46,502 46,748 46,954 46,882 47,438

25 to 34 years

15,936 16,385 16,639 15,890 16,550 16,559 16,430 16,338 16,584

35 to 44 years

14,963 15,878 16,064 14,932 15,329 15,555 15,727 15,838 15,999

45 to 54 years

14,638 14,762 14,972 14,534 14,623 14,635 14,798 14,705 14,855

55 years and over

16,778 17,188 17,116 16,641 17,029 17,156 17,134 17,074 17,004

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

43,681 45,572 45,412 43,690 44,209 44,437 45,342 45,648 45,325

Married women, spouse present(1)

35,255 36,146 36,391 34,954 35,328 35,557 35,885 35,870 36,043

Women who maintain families(2)

9,402 9,958 10,182 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

124,840 130,712 131,663 125,959 129,388 130,191 131,164 131,806 132,718

Part-time workers(4)

25,653 26,230 26,443 25,158 25,956 25,681 25,817 25,801 25,902

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,004 7,557 7,496 6,894 7,065 7,395 7,486 7,431 7,370

Percent of total employed

4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

6,024 6,291 6,322 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,766 9,772 9,902 9,893 10,000 10,067 9,860 9,976 10,018

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

9,691 6,270 5,952 6.0 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6

16 to 19 years

756 626 629 12.7 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.3 10.0

16 to 17 years

259 259 219 11.7 10.4 10.8 11.3 10.2 8.6

18 to 19 years

495 362 416 13.2 11.6 11.5 10.6 10.1 10.9

20 years and over

8,935 5,644 5,323 5.8 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.4

20 to 24 years

1,491 1,124 1,113 10.2 7.4 7.1 7.3 7.5 7.5

25 years and over

7,313 4,657 4,139 5.2 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 2.9

25 to 54 years

5,592 3,495 3,149 5.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.0

25 to 34 years

2,430 1,517 1,450 6.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 3.9

35 to 44 years

1,729 1,178 984 5.1 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.8

45 to 54 years

1,433 800 715 4.5 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.2

55 years and over

1,683 1,158 978 4.5 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.6

Men, 16 years and over

5,231 3,320 3,195 6.2 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.6

16 to 19 years

444 347 323 15.0 10.4 11.5 11.5 11.1 10.0

16 to 17 years

126 113 109 12.4 11.1 10.7 13.5 9.0 8.7

18 to 19 years

315 234 215 16.2 10.5 12.6 10.2 12.4 10.7

20 years and over

4,786 2,973 2,872 5.8 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.5 3.4

20 to 24 years

814 601 651 10.8 8.0 7.7 8.6 7.8 8.5

25 years and over

3,876 2,484 2,180 5.2 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.2 2.8

25 to 54 years

2,971 1,805 1,633 5.4 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.2 2.9

25 to 34 years

1,300 767 779 6.7 4.4 4.5 4.4 3.9 4.0

35 to 44 years

917 639 535 5.0 3.9 3.3 3.5 3.3 2.8

45 to 54 years

754 399 320 4.5 2.9 2.5 2.4 2.3 1.9

55 years and over

905 679 546 4.6 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.2 2.6

Women, 16 years and over

4,461 2,950 2,757 5.9 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.6

16 to 19 years

312 279 306 10.4 11.4 10.4 10.2 9.4 10.0

16 to 17 years

132 147 110 11.2 9.7 10.8 9.3 11.2 8.5

18 to 19 years

180 128 201 9.9 12.7 10.2 11.0 7.6 11.2

20 years and over

4,149 2,671 2,451 5.7 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.3

20 to 24 years

677 523 461 9.5 6.7 6.5 5.9 7.2 6.4

25 years and over

3,437 2,173 1,959 5.3 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.0

25 to 54 years

2,622 1,690 1,516 5.5 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.1

25 to 34 years

1,129 750 671 6.6 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.4 3.9

35 to 44 years

812 539 450 5.2 3.8 3.2 3.5 3.3 2.7

45 to 54 years

680 400 395 4.5 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6

55 years and over

810 509 458 4.6 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.6

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

1,450 870 778 3.2 2.3 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7

Married women, spouse present(1)

1,389 860 784 3.8 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1

Women who maintain families(2)

822 557 514 8.0 4.8 5.6 5.0 5.3 4.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

8,149 5,245 4,784 6.1 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.5

Part-time workers(4)

1,524 1,084 1,138 5.7 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.0 4.2

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

6,448 3,473 2,999 6,262 3,369 3,095 3,220 3,044 2,831

On temporary layoff

2,202 1,164 891 2,063 875 812 959 888 787

Not on temporary layoff

4,246 2,309 2,108 4,199 2,493 2,283 2,261 2,156 2,044

Permanent job losers

3,462 1,641 1,425 3,443 1,905 1,703 1,630 1,583 1,392

Persons who completed temporary jobs

784 668 683 756 589 580 632 573 652

Job leavers

754 964 774 768 837 724 952 963 787

Reentrants

2,295 1,971 2,026 2,248 2,154 2,038 1,959 1,947 1,985

New entrants

407 374 370 503 452 513 433 417 463

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

65.1 51.2 48.6 64.0 49.4 48.6 49.1 47.8 46.7

On temporary layoff

22.2 17.2 14.4 21.1 12.8 12.8 14.6 13.9 13.0

Not on temporary layoff

42.9 34.0 34.2 42.9 36.6 35.8 34.5 33.8 33.7

Job leavers

7.6 14.2 12.5 7.9 12.3 11.4 14.5 15.1 13.0

Reentrants

23.2 29.1 32.8 23.0 31.6 32.0 29.8 30.6 32.7

New entrants

4.1 5.5 6.0 5.1 6.6 8.1 6.6 6.6 7.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

4.0 2.1 1.8 3.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7

Job leavers

0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5

Reentrants

1.4 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2

New entrants

0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

1,876 1,980 2,003 2,204 1,985 1,977 2,417 2,131 2,289

5 to 14 weeks

2,142 2,158 1,850 1,950 1,703 1,571 1,607 1,800 1,684

15 weeks and over

5,886 2,644 2,315 5,572 3,063 2,788 2,507 2,437 1,999

15 to 26 weeks

1,610 879 830 1,371 870 780 816 735 571

27 weeks and over

4,276 1,765 1,486 4,201 2,193 2,008 1,691 1,702 1,428

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

30.6 26.0 24.9 29.4 29.1 28.6 24.6 26.6 24.2

Median duration, in weeks

21.6 9.9 10.0 19.1 13.4 12.9 10.1 9.6 7.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

18.9 29.2 32.5 22.7 29.4 31.2 37.0 33.5 38.3

5 to 14 weeks

21.6 31.8 30.0 20.0 25.2 24.8 24.6 28.3 28.2

15 weeks and over

59.4 39.0 37.5 57.3 45.4 44.0 38.4 38.3 33.5

15 to 26 weeks

16.3 13.0 13.4 14.1 12.9 12.3 12.5 11.5 9.6

27 weeks and over

43.2 26.0 24.1 43.2 32.5 31.7 25.9 26.7 23.9

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022

Total, 16 years and over(1)

150,493 158,106 9,905 6,168 6.2 3.8

Management, professional, and related occupations

64,503 67,823 2,063 1,053 3.1 1.5

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

27,555 28,828 978 431 3.4 1.5

Professional and related occupations

36,948 38,995 1,085 622 2.9 1.6

Service occupations

23,194 25,376 2,533 1,422 9.8 5.3

Sales and office occupations

30,520 30,920 1,982 1,313 6.1 4.1

Sales and related occupations

14,503 14,489 970 656 6.3 4.3

Office and administrative support occupations

16,017 16,431 1,011 657 5.9 3.8

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

13,402 14,163 1,109 794 7.6 5.3

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,025 945 106 86 9.4 8.4

Construction and extraction occupations

7,647 8,318 802 623 9.5 7.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,730 4,900 201 84 4.1 1.7

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

18,875 19,824 1,787 1,196 8.7 5.7

Production occupations

7,668 8,111 583 401 7.1 4.7

Transportation and material moving occupations

11,207 11,713 1,204 795 9.7 6.4

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022

Total, 16 years and over(1)

9,905 6,168 6.2 3.8

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

8,344 5,035 6.6 3.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

100 14 15.0 2.6

Construction

835 598 8.6 6.0

Manufacturing

780 485 5.2 3.1

Durable goods

427 343 4.6 3.5

Nondurable goods

353 142 6.4 2.5

Wholesale and retail trade

1,330 881 6.7 4.6

Transportation and utilities

630 433 8.3 5.1

Information

173 58 6.6 2.3

Financial activities

346 211 3.4 2.0

Professional and business services

1,167 756 6.7 4.0

Education and health services

937 628 3.8 2.5

Leisure and hospitality

1,625 771 13.0 5.9

Other services

421 200 6.7 3.2

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

111 107 7.3 7.0

Government workers

592 324 2.7 1.5

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

451 331 4.4 3.2

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Nov.
2021
Dec.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022
Mar.
2022

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

3.7 1.6 1.4 3.5 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

4.0 2.1 1.8 3.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

6.2 4.1 3.8 6.0 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

6.5 4.4 3.9 6.3 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.1 3.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

7.2 5.0 4.5 7.1 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.4

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

10.9 7.6 7.1 10.7 7.7 7.3 7.1 7.2 6.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022
Mar.
2021
Mar.
2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

100,606 99,170 41,538 40,947 59,067 58,223

Persons who currently want a job

6,576 5,502 3,169 2,571 3,407 2,931

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,783 1,281 914 649 869 632

Discouraged workers(2)

488 330 282 176 207 154

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,295 951 633 473 662 479

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,004 7,496 3,405 3,686 3,599 3,810

Percent of total employed

4.7 4.7 4.3 4.4 5.0 5.1

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

4,030 4,231 2,128 2,248 1,902 1,983

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,627 1,818 492 639 1,135 1,179

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

357 425 193 288 164 137

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

950 968 572 485 378 483

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)
Change from:
Feb.2022 - Mar.2022(p)

Total nonfarm

143,308 147,505 149,144 149,938 144,431 149,744 150,494 150,925 431

Total private

121,165 125,482 126,788 127,509 122,572 127,591 128,330 128,756 426

Goods-producing

19,934 20,265 20,449 20,614 20,227 20,723 20,825 20,885 60

Mining and logging

547 580 588 596 551 590 597 600 3

Logging

46.3 44.8 45.0 45.5 47.0 44.9 45.0 45.8 0.8

Mining

500.5 535.6 543.3 550.4 503.7 545.5 552.1 553.9 1.8

Oil and gas extraction

113.1 124.9 125.3 124.4 113.8 125.1 125.8 125.4 -0.4

Mining, except oil and gas

170.7 171.1 171.0 173.1 173.9 176.1 176.2 176.3 0.1

Coal mining

37.5 36.7 37.0 37.1 37.4 36.6 36.8 37.0 0.2

Metal ore mining

40.8 42.3 42.4 42.9 41.0 42.6 42.7 43.0 0.3

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

92.4 92.1 91.6 93.1 95.5 96.9 96.6 96.3 -0.3

Support activities for mining

216.7 239.6 247.0 252.9 216.0 244.3 250.1 252.2 2.1

Construction

7,162 7,192 7,284 7,392 7,408 7,552 7,609 7,628 19

Construction of buildings

1,606.5 1,635.2 1,646.4 1,658.6 1,644.1 1,685.9 1,695.9 1,695.9 0.0

Residential building

838.3 859.5 868.3 869.5 858.2 885.0 892.0 889.4 -2.6

Nonresidential building

768.2 775.7 778.1 789.1 785.9 800.9 803.9 806.5 2.6

Heavy and civil engineering construction

975.5 951.5 975.5 1,005.9 1,041.1 1,056.9 1,063.6 1,068.6 5.0

Specialty trade contractors

4,579.5 4,605.7 4,662.3 4,727.0 4,722.3 4,809.2 4,849.7 4,863.6 13.9

Residential specialty trade contractors

2,117.4 2,127.6 2,159.4 2,195.8 2,174.2 2,212.5 2,235.8 2,246.0 10.2

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,462.1 2,478.1 2,502.9 2,531.2 2,548.1 2,596.7 2,613.9 2,617.6 3.7

Manufacturing

12,225 12,493 12,577 12,626 12,268 12,581 12,619 12,657 38

Durable goods

7,609 7,784 7,819 7,849 7,626 7,826 7,841 7,863 22

Wood products

405.0 420.3 424.2 426.9 404.4 421.0 423.0 425.0 2.0

Nonmetallic mineral products

394.9 397.3 399.6 401.7 402.1 411.3 413.3 408.8 -4.5

Primary metals

346.5 356.6 360.6 359.8 346.2 357.3 360.1 359.4 -0.7

Fabricated metal products

1,370.3 1,407.4 1,418.4 1,425.9 1,372.8 1,415.6 1,424.7 1,428.4 3.7

Machinery

1,041.4 1,068.3 1,078.0 1,077.1 1,045.7 1,072.1 1,078.7 1,080.4 1.7

Computer and electronic products

1,052.0 1,063.7 1,068.7 1,068.4 1,052.8 1,067.1 1,069.4 1,069.3 -0.1

Computer and peripheral equipment

155.4 159.6 159.8 158.2 155.8 159.7 159.8 158.9 -0.9

Communications equipment

86.3 84.6 84.6 84.6 85.6 84.7 84.3 84.0 -0.3

Semiconductors and electronic components

365.9 370.7 373.7 374.3 365.9 372.8 373.8 374.3 0.5

Electronic instruments

414.8 418.7 420.0 420.5 415.3 419.4 420.6 421.0 0.4

Miscellaneous computer and electronic products

29.6 30.1 30.6 30.8 30.1 30.5 31.0 31.3 0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances

387.7 399.7 403.5 407.6 389.0 401.9 404.8 408.6 3.8

Transportation equipment(1)

1,648.4 1,664.9 1,651.3 1,663.4 1,643.7 1,668.9 1,649.1 1,659.9 10.8

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

966.2 982.4 965.2 976.1 962.9 984.9 968.9 975.3 6.4

Furniture and related products

367.5 380.5 384.9 386.8 369.5 382.4 386.0 388.2 2.2

Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

595.6 625.1 629.3 631.5 599.5 628.8 632.2 634.5 2.3

Nondurable goods

4,616 4,709 4,758 4,777 4,642 4,755 4,778 4,794 16

Food manufacturing

1,620.4 1,649.8 1,664.4 1,664.8 1,636.0 1,664.9 1,671.8 1,674.2 2.4

Textile mills

96.8 98.8 99.5 99.7 96.9 99.6 100.1 100.0 -0.1

Textile product mills

102.5 105.4 106.2 106.6 102.6 105.6 105.9 106.3 0.4

Apparel

90.0 91.7 95.2 94.7 91.0 93.9 94.8 94.7 -0.1

Paper and paper products

351.3 352.7 357.6 357.8 350.4 353.1 356.5 355.8 -0.7

Printing and related support activities

363.9 369.4 368.4 369.1 365.4 371.8 371.8 370.8 -1.0

Petroleum and coal products

103.4 99.9 102.5 104.3 106.3 104.0 105.9 107.1 1.2

Chemicals

864.9 880.3 885.3 893.2 865.2 883.5 884.9 892.1 7.2

Plastics and rubber products

718.6 731.8 742.6 745.5 714.6 736.0 738.6 741.9 3.3

Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing

304.4 329.1 335.9 341.7 313.4 342.9 347.5 351.0 3.5

Private service-providing

101,231 105,217 106,339 106,895 102,345 106,868 107,505 107,871 366

Trade, transportation, and utilities

27,204 28,279 28,333 28,372 27,503 28,351 28,550 28,604 54

Wholesale trade

5,609.3 5,725.1 5,751.7 5,765.5 5,635.5 5,762.3 5,781.9 5,788.9 7.0

Durable goods

3,084.9 3,158.8 3,171.6 3,178.2 3,095.6 3,172.9 3,180.7 3,187.5 6.8

Nondurable goods

2,043.3 2,089.2 2,100.1 2,103.5 2,059.5 2,112.2 2,121.0 2,119.2 -1.8

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

481.1 477.1 480.0 483.8 480.4 477.2 480.2 482.2 2.0

Retail trade

15,099.1 15,636.4 15,643.6 15,689.5 15,328.6 15,716.5 15,826.8 15,875.8 49.0

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

1,925.0 1,930.7 1,942.5 1,957.2 1,933.7 1,954.5 1,959.8 1,964.9 5.1

Automobile dealers

1,220.4 1,219.1 1,227.6 1,234.6 1,222.5 1,228.4 1,231.8 1,235.3 3.5

Other motor vehicle dealers

159.8 159.3 162.0 166.9 164.2 170.4 170.9 171.6 0.7

Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores

544.8 552.3 552.9 555.7 547.0 555.8 557.1 558.0 0.9

Furniture and home furnishings stores

437.6 444.5 447.1 446.3 439.6 442.0 449.5 447.9 -1.6

Electronics and appliance stores

416.9 434.7 434.3 425.5 423.4 429.7 431.4 430.1 -1.3

Building material and garden supply stores

1,402.4 1,337.6 1,360.5 1,396.3 1,406.9 1,396.2 1,404.4 1,402.5 -1.9

Food and beverage stores

3,142.9 3,116.9 3,141.9 3,150.1 3,155.9 3,125.2 3,134.8 3,152.6 17.8

Health and personal care stores

1,009.7 1,086.2 1,075.2 1,066.5 1,016.7 1,076.1 1,077.4 1,072.2 -5.2

Gasoline stations

919.6 946.4 948.8 952.8 933.0 957.7 962.4 965.3 2.9

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

959.3 1,091.9 1,051.6 1,047.9 1,009.1 1,078.8 1,087.5 1,092.0 4.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

502.7 540.0 531.9 526.5 517.5 537.0 540.9 542.2 1.3

General merchandise stores

3,002.0 3,242.4 3,242.5 3,250.0 3,085.4 3,226.9 3,286.1 3,305.9 19.8

Department stores

890.8 987.0 962.6 949.3 930.9 966.7 982.6 981.1 -1.5

General merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters

2,111.2 2,255.4 2,279.9 2,300.7 2,154.6 2,260.2 2,303.4 2,324.8 21.4

Miscellaneous store retailers

769.6 817.5 823.7 827.3 785.1 839.6 838.8 844.0 5.2

Nonstore retailers

611.4 647.6 643.6 643.1 622.3 652.8 653.8 656.2 2.4

Transportation and warehousing

5,953.7 6,378.9 6,400.6 6,380.1 5,995.8 6,333.1 6,402.8 6,402.3 -0.5

Air transportation

445.9 519.0 525.5 527.2 447.1 522.7 527.7 528.9 1.2

Rail transportation

146.6 143.3 145.2 145.2 146.4 143.8 145.3 145.0 -0.3

Water transportation

55.8 54.8 56.2 56.7 57.8 57.0 57.9 58.3 0.4

Truck transportation

1,478.9 1,530.7 1,545.1 1,537.8 1,494.9 1,545.7 1,555.7 1,550.8 -4.9

Transit and ground passenger transportation

381.2 396.8 406.4 406.9 368.7 388.2 393.9 393.3 -0.6

Pipeline transportation

49.6 49.7 49.8 48.5 49.5 49.9 50.0 48.5 -1.5

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

15.8 21.3 21.9 20.3 19.8 26.5 26.5 23.8 -2.7

Support activities for transportation

702.8 755.7 769.6 765.5 704.6 759.6 769.8 766.7 -3.1

Couriers and messengers

1,065.7 1,165.7 1,109.6 1,102.5 1,099.8 1,105.9 1,115.6 1,122.3 6.7

Warehousing and storage

1,611.4 1,741.9 1,771.3 1,769.5 1,607.2 1,733.8 1,760.4 1,764.7 4.3

Utilities

542.1 538.2 536.6 536.7 542.7 538.7 538.3 537.1 -1.2

Information

2,759 2,876 2,899 2,918 2,768 2,918 2,913 2,929 16

Publishing industries, except Internet

783.9 804.6 805.3 810.1 785.3 806.8 808.2 811.3 3.1

Motion picture and sound recording industries

321.1 390.8 402.1 412.0 332.4 422.4 417.1 425.5 8.4

Broadcasting, except Internet

236.9 229.9 238.7 237.0 236.1 232.0 235.7 235.7 0.0

Telecommunications

674.4 654.1 653.5 653.6 671.6 653.4 652.0 651.4 -0.6

Data processing, hosting and related services

375.1 404.8 406.6 405.4 373.3 408.1 404.8 404.0 -0.8

Other information services

367.4 391.4 392.5 399.9 369.3 395.4 395.0 401.3 6.3

Financial activities

8,686 8,804 8,848 8,863 8,733 8,865 8,895 8,911 16

Finance and insurance

6,506.7 6,534.6 6,557.2 6,555.4 6,515.9 6,548.5 6,560.5 6,562.5 2.0

Monetary authorities - central bank

20.7 20.6 20.7 20.7 20.9 20.7 20.8 20.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,709.0 2,710.8 2,717.5 2,713.5 2,713.4 2,711.8 2,717.1 2,716.0 -1.1

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,750.6 1,730.8 1,733.5 1,733.9 1,751.5 1,732.0 1,733.8 1,734.0 0.2

Commercial banking

1,371.3 1,342.3 1,343.4 1,342.5 1,371.4 1,344.0 1,343.2 1,342.5 -0.7

Nondepository credit intermediation

627.7 640.5 643.2 639.3 630.6 641.0 643.0 641.7 -1.3

Activities related to credit intermediation

330.7 339.5 340.8 340.3 331.3 338.8 340.3 340.3 0.0

Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts

969.5 998.5 1,005.0 1,010.2 973.8 1,006.4 1,009.7 1,014.2 4.5

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,807.5 2,804.7 2,814.0 2,811.0 2,807.8 2,809.6 2,812.9 2,811.5 -1.4

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,179.2 2,269.5 2,291.0 2,308.0 2,216.9 2,316.5 2,334.9 2,348.6 13.7

Real estate

1,697.1 1,749.9 1,765.5 1,773.4 1,718.5 1,779.3 1,792.8 1,799.1 6.3

Rental and leasing services

461.9 499.7 505.5 514.5 477.9 516.9 521.8 529.2 7.4

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

20.2 19.9 20.0 20.1 20.5 20.3 20.3 20.3 0.0

Professional and business services

20,767 21,528 21,806 21,923 21,021 21,909 22,014 22,116 102

Professional and technical services

9,710.6 10,173.8 10,273.1 10,306.2 9,697.6 10,207.5 10,236.9 10,296.8 59.9

Legal services

1,139.8 1,168.5 1,170.1 1,172.4 1,144.1 1,174.8 1,175.2 1,176.9 1.7

Accounting and bookkeeping services

1,116.6 1,101.7 1,148.4 1,167.4 1,023.6 1,065.2 1,060.1 1,078.3 18.2

Architectural and engineering services

1,496.4 1,577.5 1,583.0 1,587.1 1,517.6 1,598.8 1,603.2 1,609.1 5.9

Specialized design services

134.5 144.3 145.3 146.2 136.5 146.5 146.8 148.2 1.4

Computer systems design and related services

2,239.8 2,377.0 2,383.6 2,374.4 2,260.0 2,379.3 2,382.9 2,395.2 12.3

Management and technical consulting services

1,578.2 1,699.3 1,711.9 1,721.4 1,597.3 1,713.4 1,723.5 1,738.6 15.1

Scientific research and development services

801.2 846.2 852.9 858.3 805.7 851.9 858.6 863.3 4.7

Advertising and related services

436.3 457.7 470.5 473.7 438.6 464.8 470.4 474.3 3.9

Other professional and technical services

767.8 801.6 807.4 805.3 774.3 812.9 816.3 812.9 -3.4

Management of companies and enterprises

2,327.7 2,347.4 2,356.9 2,362.0 2,337.2 2,355.7 2,366.9 2,370.4 3.5

Administrative and waste services

8,729.1 9,006.6 9,176.2 9,254.3 8,986.6 9,346.1 9,410.3 9,448.7 38.4

Administrative and support services

8,282.3 8,551.6 8,718.8 8,791.1 8,534.0 8,884.2 8,944.5 8,979.9 35.4

Office administrative services

528.1 563.2 569.9 573.0 531.9 567.8 573.5 577.1 3.6

Facilities support services

157.1 153.4 152.4 151.9 157.0 153.2 152.8 152.3 -0.5

Employment services(1)

3,451.6 3,692.6 3,818.8 3,824.4 3,553.9 3,809.5 3,862.6 3,869.2 6.6

Temporary help services

2,817.7 3,004.8 3,119.4 3,123.2 2,892.6 3,105.0 3,148.0 3,152.9 4.9

Business support services

818.7 807.8 807.1 802.3 821.5 801.9 803.0 803.9 0.9

Travel arrangement and reservation services

130.2 142.4 144.9 147.2 132.7 146.8 149.7 149.5 -0.2

Investigation and security services

911.9 901.1 910.2 910.7 913.1 912.6 913.6 912.0 -1.6

Services to buildings and dwellings

1,998.8 1,992.5 2,013.8 2,072.9 2,133.9 2,185.9 2,182.0 2,204.1 22.1

Other support services

285.9 298.6 301.7 308.7 290.1 306.4 307.4 311.8 4.4

Waste management and remediation services

446.8 455.0 457.4 463.2 452.6 461.9 465.8 468.8 3.0

Education and health services

23,643 23,752 24,154 24,263 23,541 23,972 24,089 24,142 53

Educational services

3,659.1 3,612.2 3,866.0 3,929.5 3,513.4 3,730.8 3,750.8 3,770.9 20.1

Health care and social assistance

19,983.7 20,139.9 20,287.6 20,333.8 20,027.8 20,241.1 20,337.9 20,371.2 33.3

Health care(3)

15,964.4 16,052.1 16,148.9 16,160.4 16,001.3 16,117.7 16,184.1 16,192.4 8.3

Ambulatory health care services

7,777.1 7,983.4 8,059.3 8,065.8 7,795.9 8,023.1 8,076.9 8,084.1 7.2

Offices of physicians

2,708.0 2,773.5 2,795.8 2,795.0 2,712.9 2,786.9 2,800.8 2,799.5 -1.3

Offices of dentists

976.3 1,019.5 1,021.3 1,020.5 980.1 1,022.0 1,026.2 1,024.7 -1.5

Offices of other health practitioners

982.3 1,048.7 1,063.3 1,062.8 988.8 1,054.5 1,067.0 1,069.2 2.2

Outpatient care centers

990.3 1,003.7 1,008.9 1,011.2 988.8 1,006.8 1,009.4 1,010.6 1.2

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

302.7 309.0 316.1 314.1 301.7 309.0 313.9 313.0 -0.9

Home health care services

1,505.7 1,515.8 1,537.1 1,545.1 1,511.8 1,528.3 1,544.1 1,550.5 6.4

Other ambulatory health care services

311.8 313.2 316.8 317.1 311.8 315.6 315.5 316.5 1.0

Hospitals

5,129.1 5,116.8 5,125.8 5,136.3 5,131.4 5,126.1 5,132.2 5,137.3 5.1

Nursing and residential care facilities

3,058.2 2,951.9 2,963.8 2,958.3 3,074.0 2,968.5 2,975.0 2,971.0 -4.0

Nursing care facilities

1,395.3 1,343.1 1,340.5 1,335.9 1,403.6 1,346.6 1,346.3 1,343.8 -2.5

Residential mental health facilities

613.5 591.9 596.1 593.1 614.0 595.4 596.9 593.9 -3.0

Community care facilities for the elderly

895.1 862.7 871.1 873.4 901.0 871.0 875.2 876.7 1.5

Other residential care facilities

154.3 154.2 156.1 155.9 155.4 155.5 156.6 156.7 0.1

Social assistance

4,019.3 4,087.8 4,138.7 4,173.4 4,026.5 4,123.4 4,153.8 4,178.8 25.0

Individual and family services

2,686.9 2,705.2 2,735.5 2,757.5 2,691.6 2,727.3 2,746.9 2,764.5 17.6

Emergency and other relief services

193.6 195.9 199.2 199.9 193.0 196.3 198.7 198.8 0.1

Vocational rehabilitation services

267.5 270.2 272.9 275.3 270.8 276.7 277.0 278.4 1.4

Child day care services

871.3 916.5 931.1 940.7 871.2 923.1 931.1 937.1 6.0

Leisure and hospitality

12,876 14,458 14,717 14,953 13,423 15,243 15,397 15,509 112

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,646.7 1,952.4 2,012.2 2,075.8 1,836.1 2,212.1 2,244.6 2,270.5 25.9

Performing arts and spectator sports

302.1 389.9 419.4 434.8 331.4 451.5 460.5 467.5 7.0

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

122.1 137.4 139.1 145.5 132.9 150.5 152.8 155.3 2.5

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

1,222.5 1,425.1 1,453.7 1,495.5 1,371.8 1,610.1 1,631.3 1,647.7 16.4

Accommodation and food services

11,229.3 12,505.6 12,704.5 12,877.1 11,586.4 13,031.1 13,152.0 13,238.3 86.3

Accommodation

1,272.3 1,532.1 1,561.5 1,599.7 1,367.4 1,646.0 1,672.6 1,697.6 25.0

Food services and drinking places

9,957.0 10,973.5 11,143.0 11,277.4 10,219.0 11,385.1 11,479.4 11,540.7 61.3

Other services

5,296 5,520 5,582 5,603 5,356 5,610 5,647 5,660 13

Repair and maintenance

1,312.1 1,371.2 1,397.5 1,407.9 1,319.0 1,394.8 1,409.4 1,413.8 4.4

Personal and laundry services

1,290.2 1,395.5 1,415.2 1,420.6 1,309.5 1,424.6 1,436.6 1,440.4 3.8

Membership associations and organizations

2,693.3 2,753.0 2,769.2 2,774.9 2,727.3 2,791.0 2,800.7 2,805.5 4.8

Government

22,143 22,023 22,356 22,429 21,859 22,153 22,164 22,169 5

Federal

2,867 2,864 2,862 2,859 2,888 2,879 2,881 2,880 -1

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,262.7 2,254.0 2,253.9 2,252.0 2,279.8 2,269.0 2,269.6 2,269.2 -0.4

U.S. Postal Service

604.2 610.2 608.5 606.8 608.2 610.4 611.3 610.6 -0.7

State government

5,326 5,133 5,327 5,347 5,170 5,219 5,207 5,193 -14

State government education

2,638.6 2,516.1 2,710.1 2,736.0 2,478.9 2,589.5 2,582.4 2,576.5 -5.9

State government, excluding education

2,687.3 2,617.2 2,616.9 2,610.8 2,690.9 2,629.7 2,625.0 2,616.9 -8.1

Local government

13,950 14,026 14,167 14,223 13,801 14,055 14,076 14,096 20

Local government education

7,729.1 7,799.5 7,927.6 7,957.8 7,481.6 7,703.0 7,716.9 7,733.3 16.4

Local government, excluding education

6,221.2 6,226.6 6,239.8 6,265.1 6,319.5 6,351.7 6,358.9 6,362.3 3.4

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.9 34.6 34.7 34.6

Goods-producing

40.2 39.9 40.4 40.1

Mining and logging

45.6 44.5 45.4 45.7

Construction

39.4 38.8 39.6 38.8

Manufacturing

40.5 40.3 40.7 40.7

Durable goods

40.7 40.6 41.0 41.0

Nondurable goods

40.1 39.9 40.1 40.1

Private service-providing

33.9 33.5 33.7 33.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.5 34.1 34.2 34.0

Wholesale trade

39.1 39.1 39.3 39.4

Retail trade

30.7 30.4 30.5 30.2

Transportation and warehousing

39.2 38.0 38.0 37.9

Utilities

42.7 42.8 42.2 42.5

Information

37.1 36.9 36.9 36.9

Financial activities

37.7 37.4 37.7 37.6

Professional and business services

36.7 36.7 36.8 36.7

Education and health services

33.5 33.4 33.5 33.5

Leisure and hospitality

26.2 25.8 25.9 26.0

Other services

32.6 32.2 32.4 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.3 3.3 3.5 3.4

Durable goods

3.2 3.3 3.5 3.4

Nondurable goods

3.4 3.4 3.5 3.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)

Total private

$30.06 $31.56 $31.60 $31.73 $1,049.09 $1,091.98 $1,096.52 $1,097.86

Goods-producing

30.45 31.91 31.88 31.97 1,224.09 1,273.21 1,287.95 1,282.00

Mining and logging

34.30 35.90 35.75 35.75 1,564.08 1,597.55 1,623.05 1,633.78

Construction

32.24 33.87 33.94 34.07 1,270.26 1,314.16 1,344.02 1,321.92

Manufacturing

29.20 30.57 30.46 30.55 1,182.60 1,231.97 1,239.72 1,243.39

Durable goods

30.70 32.13 31.94 32.11 1,249.49 1,304.48 1,309.54 1,316.51

Nondurable goods

26.69 27.95 27.99 27.96 1,070.27 1,115.21 1,122.40 1,121.20

Private service-providing

29.97 31.48 31.54 31.67 1,015.98 1,054.58 1,062.90 1,064.11

Trade, transportation, and utilities

25.83 27.14 27.26 27.44 891.14 925.47 932.29 932.96

Wholesale trade

33.20 34.46 34.61 34.71 1,298.12 1,347.39 1,360.17 1,367.57

Retail trade

21.50 22.59 22.72 22.89 660.05 686.74 692.96 691.28

Transportation and warehousing

25.76 27.47 27.66 27.79 1,009.79 1,043.86 1,051.08 1,053.24

Utilities

44.24 46.28 46.07 46.71 1,889.05 1,980.78 1,944.15 1,985.18

Information

44.06 44.77 45.18 45.17 1,634.63 1,652.01 1,667.14 1,666.77

Financial activities

39.77 40.88 40.87 41.19 1,499.33 1,528.91 1,540.80 1,548.74

Professional and business services

35.80 37.92 37.97 38.18 1,313.86 1,391.66 1,397.30 1,401.21

Education and health services

29.46 31.22 31.25 31.24 986.91 1,042.75 1,046.88 1,046.54

Leisure and hospitality

17.60 19.43 19.45 19.68 461.12 501.29 503.76 511.68

Other services

27.22 28.37 28.31 28.18 887.37 913.51 917.24 910.21

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)
Percent change from:
Feb.
2022 - Mar.
2022(p)
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)
Percent change from:
Feb.
2022 - Mar.
2022(p)

Total private

107.4 110.8 111.8 111.8 0.0 154.3 167.2 168.9 169.7 0.5

Goods-producing

92.6 94.2 95.9 95.4 -0.5 127.5 135.9 138.1 137.9 -0.1

Mining and logging

79.0 82.5 85.2 86.2 1.2 108.7 118.9 122.2 123.7 1.2

Construction

100.6 101.0 103.9 102.0 -1.8 140.9 148.6 153.2 151.0 -1.4

Manufacturing

89.4 91.2 92.4 92.7 0.3 121.4 129.7 130.9 131.7 0.6

Durable goods

87.4 89.5 90.5 90.8 0.3 119.1 127.6 128.4 129.4 0.8

Nondurable goods

92.9 94.7 95.6 96.0 0.4 125.8 134.3 135.8 136.1 0.2

Private service-providing

111.7 115.3 116.6 116.7 0.1 162.7 176.4 178.8 179.6 0.4

Trade, transportation, and utilities

103.5 105.5 106.5 106.1 -0.4 144.2 154.4 156.6 157.0 0.3

Wholesale trade

97.2 99.4 100.2 100.6 0.4 135.0 143.2 145.1 146.1 0.7

Retail trade

95.6 97.0 98.0 97.4 -0.6 135.8 144.8 147.2 147.3 0.1

Transportation and warehousing

135.0 138.3 139.8 139.4 -0.3 177.0 193.2 196.7 197.1 0.2

Utilities

100.3 99.8 98.3 98.8 0.5 146.5 152.5 149.6 152.4 1.9

Information

93.8 98.3 98.2 98.7 0.5 147.1 156.8 157.9 158.8 0.6

Financial activities

107.9 108.6 109.9 109.8 -0.1 167.3 173.2 175.2 176.4 0.7

Professional and business services

121.0 126.1 127.0 127.3 0.2 175.3 193.6 195.3 196.7 0.7

Education and health services

128.8 130.7 131.8 132.1 0.2 182.5 196.4 198.1 198.5 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

100.3 112.2 113.8 115.1 1.1 142.5 175.9 178.5 182.7 2.4

Other services

100.7 104.2 105.5 105.4 -0.1 150.2 161.9 163.7 162.8 -0.5

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)

Total nonfarm

71,794 74,460 74,839 75,110 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.8

Total private

59,192 61,622 61,988 62,247 48.3 48.3 48.3 48.3

Goods-producing

4,587 4,732 4,765 4,793 22.7 22.8 22.9 22.9

Mining and logging

75 77 78 77 13.6 13.1 13.1 12.8

Construction

996 1,049 1,059 1,060 13.4 13.9 13.9 13.9

Manufacturing

3,516 3,606 3,628 3,656 28.7 28.7 28.8 28.9

Durable goods

1,860 1,913 1,921 1,945 24.4 24.4 24.5 24.7

Nondurable goods

1,656 1,693 1,707 1,711 35.7 35.6 35.7 35.7

Private service-providing

54,605 56,890 57,223 57,454 53.4 53.2 53.2 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

10,798 11,214 11,311 11,346 39.3 39.6 39.6 39.7

Wholesale trade

1,692.4 1,736.3 1,744.3 1,748.8 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.2

Retail trade

7,435.9 7,661.4 7,722.3 7,739.5 48.5 48.7 48.8 48.8

Transportation and warehousing

1,535.4 1,680.8 1,709.6 1,723.5 25.6 26.5 26.7 26.9

Utilities

134.7 135.1 134.8 134.6 24.8 25.1 25.0 25.1

Information

1,103 1,153 1,149 1,165 39.8 39.5 39.4 39.8

Financial activities

4,930 4,953 4,962 4,972 56.5 55.9 55.8 55.8

Professional and business services

9,685 10,130 10,184 10,226 46.1 46.2 46.3 46.2

Education and health services

18,122 18,409 18,489 18,541 77.0 76.8 76.8 76.8

Leisure and hospitality

7,126 8,046 8,123 8,190 53.1 52.8 52.8 52.8

Other services

2,841 2,985 3,005 3,014 53.0 53.2 53.2 53.3

Government

12,602 12,838 12,851 12,863 57.7 58.0 58.0 58.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)

Total private

99,573 103,972 104,531 104,919

Goods-producing

14,418 14,834 14,899 14,975

Mining and logging

403 443 448 454

Construction

5,497 5,595 5,618 5,636

Manufacturing

8,518 8,796 8,833 8,885

Durable goods

5,196 5,403 5,416 5,454

Nondurable goods

3,322 3,393 3,417 3,431

Private service-providing

85,155 89,138 89,632 89,944

Trade, transportation, and utilities

23,177 23,926 24,095 24,131

Wholesale trade

4,481.7 4,589.6 4,604.6 4,615.8

Retail trade

13,021.7 13,359.7 13,455.0 13,485.5

Transportation and warehousing

5,243.2 5,548.2 5,606.8 5,601.5

Utilities

430.6 428.7 428.5 428.5

Information

2,191 2,315 2,311 2,326

Financial activities

6,610 6,665 6,692 6,706

Professional and business services

16,752 17,546 17,600 17,671

Education and health services

20,561 20,897 20,962 21,006

Leisure and hospitality

11,563 13,250 13,403 13,512

Other services

4,301 4,539 4,569 4,592

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.4 34.0 34.2 34.1

Goods-producing

41.2 40.7 41.4 41.0

Mining and logging

46.7 46.1 47.1 47.8

Construction

39.9 39.6 40.6 39.3

Manufacturing

41.7 41.2 41.6 41.7

Durable goods

41.9 41.3 41.8 42.0

Nondurable goods

41.4 41.0 41.3 41.2

Private service-providing

33.2 32.9 33.0 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.5 33.9 34.2 34.0

Wholesale trade

38.9 39.2 39.3 39.4

Retail trade

31.0 30.3 30.8 30.4

Transportation and warehousing

38.9 37.6 37.7 37.7

Utilities

42.7 42.6 41.9 42.0

Information

36.3 36.7 36.6 36.6

Financial activities

37.4 37.3 37.5 37.5

Professional and business services

36.3 36.4 36.4 36.4

Education and health services

32.7 32.5 32.6 32.6

Leisure and hospitality

24.8 24.6 24.7 24.8

Other services

31.6 31.2 31.3 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.1 4.2 4.4 4.2

Durable goods

4.2 4.2 4.5 4.3

Nondurable goods

4.0 4.1 4.2 4.0

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)

Total private

$25.35 $26.87 $26.95 $27.06 $872.04 $913.58 $921.69 $922.75

Goods-producing

26.00 27.31 27.42 27.50 1,071.20 1,111.52 1,135.19 1,127.50

Mining and logging

30.47 32.02 32.13 32.36 1,422.95 1,476.12 1,513.32 1,546.81

Construction

29.84 31.44 31.60 31.68 1,190.62 1,245.02 1,282.96 1,245.02

Manufacturing

23.40 24.51 24.56 24.71 975.78 1,009.81 1,021.70 1,030.41

Durable goods

24.41 25.61 25.63 25.88 1,022.78 1,057.69 1,071.33 1,086.96

Nondurable goods

21.80 22.76 22.85 22.83 902.52 933.16 943.71 940.60

Private service-providing

25.21 26.78 26.86 26.97 836.97 881.06 886.38 890.01

Trade, transportation, and utilities

21.84 23.35 23.45 23.53 753.48 791.57 801.99 800.02

Wholesale trade

27.34 28.53 28.76 28.86 1,063.53 1,118.38 1,130.27 1,137.08

Retail trade

18.13 19.28 19.41 19.45 562.03 584.18 597.83 591.28

Transportation and warehousing

22.84 25.22 25.38 25.38 888.48 948.27 956.83 956.83

Utilities

39.86 41.34 40.67 40.85 1,702.02 1,761.08 1,704.07 1,715.70

Information

36.88 37.13 37.16 37.11 1,338.74 1,362.67 1,360.06 1,358.23

Financial activities

30.07 31.23 31.42 31.86 1,124.62 1,164.88 1,178.25 1,194.75

Professional and business services

29.91 31.85 31.95 32.08 1,085.73 1,159.34 1,162.98 1,167.71

Education and health services

26.41 28.30 28.36 28.41 863.61 919.75 924.54 926.17

Leisure and hospitality

15.28 17.17 17.31 17.56 378.94 422.38 427.56 435.49

Other services

23.37 24.35 24.47 24.28 738.49 759.72 765.91 759.96

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)
Percent change from:
Feb.
2022 - Mar.
2022(p)
Mar.
2021
Jan.
2022
Feb.
2022(p)
Mar.
2022(p)
Percent change from:
Feb.
2022 - Mar.
2022(p)

Total private

114.1 117.8 119.1 119.2 0.1 193.4 211.6 214.6 215.6 0.5

Goods-producing

90.8 92.3 94.3 93.8 -0.5 144.5 154.3 158.3 158.0 -0.2

Mining and logging

100.0 108.5 112.1 115.3 2.9 177.2 202.1 209.5 217.0 3.6

Construction

109.8 110.9 114.2 110.9 -2.9 176.9 188.3 194.9 189.7 -2.7

Manufacturing

81.5 83.2 84.4 85.1 0.8 124.8 133.3 135.5 137.4 1.4

Durable goods

81.8 83.8 85.0 86.1 1.3 124.6 134.0 136.1 139.0 2.1

Nondurable goods

81.0 82.0 83.1 83.3 0.2 124.8 131.8 134.3 134.4 0.1

Private service-providing

120.5 125.0 126.0 126.5 0.4 208.3 229.5 232.2 233.9 0.7

Trade, transportation, and utilities

111.8 113.4 115.2 114.7 -0.4 174.5 189.3 193.1 192.9 -0.1

Wholesale trade

103.5 106.8 107.4 107.9 0.5 167.0 179.8 182.3 183.9 0.9

Retail trade

102.2 102.4 104.9 103.7 -1.1 158.7 169.2 174.4 172.9 -0.9

Transportation and warehousing

154.4 157.9 160.0 159.8 -0.1 224.4 253.4 258.4 258.2 -0.1

Utilities

94.0 93.4 91.8 92.0 0.2 156.4 161.2 155.9 156.9 0.6

Information

90.8 97.0 96.5 97.2 0.7 165.7 178.2 177.6 178.5 0.5

Financial activities

116.4 117.0 118.1 118.4 0.3 215.2 224.8 228.3 232.0 1.6

Professional and business services

136.0 142.8 143.2 143.8 0.4 241.8 270.5 272.2 274.4 0.8

Education and health services

143.4 144.8 145.7 146.0 0.2 249.9 270.5 272.7 273.8 0.4

Leisure and hospitality

105.0 119.4 121.3 122.7 1.2 182.3 232.8 238.4 244.8 2.7

Other services

95.3 99.3 100.3 100.8 0.5 162.3 176.2 178.8 178.3 -0.3

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Last Modified Date: April 01, 2022