Employment Situation News Release

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                  USDL-16-0001
8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 8, 2016

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                       THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- DECEMBER 2015


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 292,000 in December, and the unemployment rate
was unchanged at 5.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today.
Employment gains occurred in several industries, led by professional and business
services, construction, health care, and food services and drinking places. Mining
employment continued to decline.

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  |                                                                   |
  |       Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data       |
  |                                                                   |
  | Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using |
  | updated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end  |
  | of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to      |
  | January 2011 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for |
  | January 2015 through November 2015 (as originally published and   |
  | as revised) appear in table A, along with additional information  |
  | about the revisions.                                              |
  |                                                                   |
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Household Survey Data

The number of unemployed persons, at 7.9 million, was essentially unchanged in December,
and the unemployment rate was 5.0 percent for the third month in a row. Over the past
12 months, the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons were down by 0.6
percentage point and 800,000, respectively. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for blacks declined to 8.3 percent
in December, while the rates for adult men (4.7 percent), adult women (4.4 percent),
teenagers (16.1 percent), whites (4.5 percent), Asians (4.0 percent), and Hispanics
(6.3 percent) showed little or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially
unchanged at 2.1 million in December and accounted for 26.3 percent of the unemployed.
The number of long-term unemployed has shown little movement since June, but was down
by 687,000 over the year. (See table A-12.)

The civilian labor force participation rate, at 62.6 percent, was little changed in
December and has shown little movement in recent months. In December, the employment-
population ratio, at 59.5 percent, changed little. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 6.0 million in December but was
down by 764,000 over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time
employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because
they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In December, 1.8 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by
427,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals
were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a
job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they
had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 663,000 discouraged workers in December, little
changed from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers
are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available
for them. The remaining 1.2 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in
December had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family
responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 292,000 in December. Employment rose in
several industries, including professional and business services, construction, health
care, and food services and drinking places. Mining employment continued to decline. In
2015, payroll employment growth totaled 2.7 million, compared with 3.1 million in 2014.
(See table B-1.)

Employment in professional and business services increased by 73,000 in December, with
temporary help services accounting for 34,000 of the gain. In 2015, professional and
business services added 605,000 jobs, compared with a gain of 704,000 in 2014.

Construction showed strong job growth for the third consecutive month, gaining 45,000
jobs in December. Job gains occurred among specialty trade contractors (+29,000)
and in construction of buildings (+10,000). Over the year, construction added 263,000
jobs, compared with a gain of 338,000 jobs in 2014.

In December, health care employment rose by 39,000, with most of the increase occurring
in ambulatory health care services (+23,000) and hospitals (+12,000). Job growth in
health care averaged 40,000 per month in 2015, compared with 26,000 per month in 2014.

Food services and drinking places added 37,000 jobs in December. In 2015, the industry
added 357,000 jobs.

Employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 23,000 in December, with a gain of
15,000 in couriers and messengers.

Within the information industry, motion pictures and sound recording added 15,000 jobs
in December, offsetting a decline of 13,000 in the prior month.

Employment in mining continued to decline in December (-8,000). After adding 41,000 jobs
in 2014, mining lost 129,000 jobs in 2015, with most of the loss in support activities
for mining. 

Manufacturing employment changed little in December, though its nondurable goods 
component added 14,000 jobs. In 2015, manufacturing employment was little changed
(+30,000), following strong growth in 2014 (+215,000).

Employment in other major industries, including wholesale trade, retail trade, financial
activities, and government, changed little over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5
hours in December. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.6 hours, and
factory overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production
and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.7 hours.
(See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls, at
$25.24, changed little (-1 cent), following an increase of 5 cents in November. Over the
year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.5 percent. In December, average hourly
earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees, at $21.22, changed
little (+2 cents). (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised from +298,000 to
+307,000, and the change for November was revised from +211,000 to +252,000. With these
revisions, employment gains in October and November combined were 50,000 higher than
previously reported. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 284,000 per month.

_____________
The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, 
February 5, 2016, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).


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  |                                                                   |
  |            Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data             |
  |                                                                   |
  | Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January| 
  | 2016 on February 5, 2016, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) |
  | survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll employment,    |
  | hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark          |
  | adjustment for March 2015 and updated seasonal adjustment factors.|
  | Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2014 and        |
  | seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 2011 are subject  |
  | to revision. Consistent with standard practice, some historical   |
  | data may be subject to minor revisions resulting from issues      |
  | identified during the benchmark process.                          |
  |                                                                   |
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  |                                                                   |
  |             Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey              |
  |                                                                   |
  | Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January|
  | 2016 on February 5, 2016, new population controls will be used in | 
  | the Current Population Survey (CPS) estimation process. These new |
  | controls reflect the annual updating of intercensal population    |
  | estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. In accordance with usual     |
  | practice, historical data will not be revised to incorporate the  |
  | new controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2016|
  | will not be directly comparable with data for December 2015 or    |
  | earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls  |
  | on the major labor force series will be included in the January   | 
  | 2016 release.                                                     | 
  |                                                                   |
   -------------------------------------------------------------------



   -------------------------------------------------------------------
  |                                                                   |
  |    Upcoming Changes to The Employment Situation News Release      |
  |                                                                   |
  | Effective with the release of January 2016 data on February 5,    |
  | 2016, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics will introduce changes  |
  | to The Employment Situation news release table B-1.               |
  |                                                                   |
  | The establishment survey will publish additional industry         |
  | employment data with the first preliminary release of monthly     |
  | estimates. Employment Situation table B-1 will include 27         |
  | additional industries for both not seasonally adjusted and        |
  | seasonally adjusted employment. A sample of the new table B-1 is  |
  | available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/ces/cesnewtableb1.htm.|
  |                                                                   |
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     Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data        
                                                                    
At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal
adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this
process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2011 through November
2015 were subject to revision.        
                                                                    
Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2015 through November
2015, as first published and as revised. The revisions to seasonal
adjustment did not change the overall civilian unemployment rate for any
month of 2015. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor
force series beginning in December 2014 appear in table B.
                                                                    
An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the
household survey data and revised data for January 2015 through November
2015 is available at www.bls.gov/cps/seasonal-adjustment-methodology-2016.pdf.

Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables  
of this release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm.    
Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at        
www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and http://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/.
                                                                    
                                                                    
Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2015 and changes due to revision
January -- November 2015


        Month                  As First Published      As Revised       Change

January.............                 5.7                 5.7             0.0
February............                 5.5                 5.5              .0
March...............                 5.5                 5.5              .0
April...............                 5.4                 5.4              .0
May.................                 5.5                 5.5              .0
June................                 5.3                 5.3              .0
July................                 5.3                 5.3              .0
August..............                 5.1                 5.1              .0
September...........                 5.1                 5.1              .0
October.............                 5.0                 5.0              .0
November............                 5.0                 5.0              .0







HOUSEHOLD DATA
 Table B.  Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]




	Employment status, sex, and age
	2014
	2015


	Dec.
	Jan.
	Feb.
	Mar.
	Apr.
	May
	June
	July
	Aug.
	Sept.
	Oct.
	Nov.
	Dec.






	TOTAL
				



	Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	249,027
	249,723
	249,899
	250,080
	250,266
	250,455
	250,663
	250,876
	251,096
	251,325
	251,541
	251,747
	251,936



	Civilian labor force
	156,142
	157,025
	156,878
	156,890
	157,032
	157,367
	156,984
	157,115
	157,061
	156,867
	157,096
	157,367
	157,833



	Participation rate
	62.7
	62.9
	62.8
	62.7
	62.7
	62.8
	62.6
	62.6
	62.6
	62.4
	62.5
	62.5
	62.6



	Employed
	147,439
	148,104
	148,231
	148,333
	148,509
	148,748
	148,722
	148,866
	149,043
	148,942
	149,197
	149,444
	149,929



	Employment-population ratio
	59.2
	59.3
	59.3
	59.3
	59.3
	59.4
	59.3
	59.3
	59.4
	59.3
	59.3
	59.4
	59.5



	Unemployed
	8,704
	8,920
	8,646
	8,557
	8,523
	8,619
	8,262
	8,249
	8,018
	7,925
	7,899
	7,924
	7,904



	Unemployment rate
	5.6
	5.7
	5.5
	5.5
	5.4
	5.5
	5.3
	5.3
	5.1
	5.1
	5.0
	5.0
	5.0



	


	Men, 20 years and over
				



	Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	111,875
	112,117
	112,209
	112,304
	112,400
	112,498
	112,605
	112,714
	112,825
	112,940
	113,049
	113,149
	113,241



	Civilian labor force
	80,322
	80,737
	80,769
	80,731
	80,836
	80,855
	80,651
	80,752
	80,642
	80,578
	80,660
	80,623
	80,927



	Participation rate
	71.8
	72.0
	72.0
	71.9
	71.9
	71.9
	71.6
	71.6
	71.5
	71.3
	71.3
	71.3
	71.5



	Employed
	76,085
	76,472
	76,575
	76,647
	76,773
	76,807
	76,762
	76,871
	76,865
	76,775
	76,857
	76,823
	77,119



	Employment-population ratio
	68.0
	68.2
	68.2
	68.3
	68.3
	68.3
	68.2
	68.2
	68.1
	68.0
	68.0
	67.9
	68.1



	Unemployed
	4,237
	4,265
	4,194
	4,084
	4,063
	4,048
	3,890
	3,880
	3,776
	3,803
	3,803
	3,800
	3,808



	Unemployment rate
	5.3
	5.3
	5.2
	5.1
	5.0
	5.0
	4.8
	4.8
	4.7
	4.7
	4.7
	4.7
	4.7



	


	Women, 20 years and over
				



	Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	120,557
	120,970
	121,060
	121,152
	121,246
	121,342
	121,445
	121,551
	121,660
	121,773
	121,880
	121,979
	122,071



	Civilian labor force
	70,106
	70,491
	70,335
	70,364
	70,453
	70,712
	70,657
	70,783
	70,805
	70,679
	70,833
	71,139
	71,069



	Participation rate
	58.2
	58.3
	58.1
	58.1
	58.1
	58.3
	58.2
	58.2
	58.2
	58.0
	58.1
	58.3
	58.2



	Employed
	66,597
	66,932
	66,866
	66,909
	66,972
	67,175
	67,302
	67,323
	67,504
	67,465
	67,624
	67,891
	67,911



	Employment-population ratio
	55.2
	55.3
	55.2
	55.2
	55.2
	55.4
	55.4
	55.4
	55.5
	55.4
	55.5
	55.7
	55.6



	Unemployed
	3,509
	3,559
	3,469
	3,455
	3,481
	3,538
	3,355
	3,460
	3,301
	3,214
	3,209
	3,249
	3,157



	Unemployment rate
	5.0
	5.0
	4.9
	4.9
	4.9
	5.0
	4.7
	4.9
	4.7
	4.5
	4.5
	4.6
	4.4



	


	Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
				



	Civilian noninstitutional population(1)
	16,595
	16,636
	16,630
	16,624
	16,619
	16,615
	16,613
	16,611
	16,611
	16,612
	16,612
	16,619
	16,624



	Civilian labor force
	5,715
	5,797
	5,774
	5,794
	5,743
	5,800
	5,676
	5,581
	5,615
	5,610
	5,603
	5,605
	5,837



	Participation rate
	34.4
	34.8
	34.7
	34.9
	34.6
	34.9
	34.2
	33.6
	33.8
	33.8
	33.7
	33.7
	35.1



	Employed
	4,757
	4,700
	4,790
	4,777
	4,763
	4,766
	4,659
	4,672
	4,674
	4,702
	4,715
	4,729
	4,899



	Employment-population ratio
	28.7
	28.3
	28.8
	28.7
	28.7
	28.7
	28.0
	28.1
	28.1
	28.3
	28.4
	28.5
	29.5



	Unemployed
	957
	1,096
	984
	1,018
	980
	1,033
	1,018
	909
	941
	908
	887
	875
	938



	Unemployment rate
	16.8
	18.9
	17.0
	17.6
	17.1
	17.8
	17.9
	16.3
	16.8
	16.2
	15.8
	15.6
	16.1







	
		Footnotes

		(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.

	





	
		NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	2014	2015
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	249,027	249,723	249,899	250,080	250,266	250,455	250,663	250,876	251,096	251,325	251,541	251,747	251,936
Civilian labor force	156,142	157,025	156,878	156,890	157,032	157,367	156,984	157,115	157,061	156,867	157,096	157,367	157,833
Participation rate	62.7	62.9	62.8	62.7	62.7	62.8	62.6	62.6	62.6	62.4	62.5	62.5	62.6
Employed	147,439	148,104	148,231	148,333	148,509	148,748	148,722	148,866	149,043	148,942	149,197	149,444	149,929
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.3	59.3	59.3	59.3	59.4	59.3	59.3	59.4	59.3	59.3	59.4	59.5
Unemployed	8,704	8,920	8,646	8,557	8,523	8,619	8,262	8,249	8,018	7,925	7,899	7,924	7,904
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	111,875	112,117	112,209	112,304	112,400	112,498	112,605	112,714	112,825	112,940	113,049	113,149	113,241
Civilian labor force	80,322	80,737	80,769	80,731	80,836	80,855	80,651	80,752	80,642	80,578	80,660	80,623	80,927
Participation rate	71.8	72.0	72.0	71.9	71.9	71.9	71.6	71.6	71.5	71.3	71.3	71.3	71.5
Employed	76,085	76,472	76,575	76,647	76,773	76,807	76,762	76,871	76,865	76,775	76,857	76,823	77,119
Employment-population ratio	68.0	68.2	68.2	68.3	68.3	68.3	68.2	68.2	68.1	68.0	68.0	67.9	68.1
Unemployed	4,237	4,265	4,194	4,084	4,063	4,048	3,890	3,880	3,776	3,803	3,803	3,800	3,808
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	120,557	120,970	121,060	121,152	121,246	121,342	121,445	121,551	121,660	121,773	121,880	121,979	122,071
Civilian labor force	70,106	70,491	70,335	70,364	70,453	70,712	70,657	70,783	70,805	70,679	70,833	71,139	71,069
Participation rate	58.2	58.3	58.1	58.1	58.1	58.3	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.0	58.1	58.3	58.2
Employed	66,597	66,932	66,866	66,909	66,972	67,175	67,302	67,323	67,504	67,465	67,624	67,891	67,911
Employment-population ratio	55.2	55.3	55.2	55.2	55.2	55.4	55.4	55.4	55.5	55.4	55.5	55.7	55.6
Unemployed	3,509	3,559	3,469	3,455	3,481	3,538	3,355	3,460	3,301	3,214	3,209	3,249	3,157
Unemployment rate	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	16,595	16,636	16,630	16,624	16,619	16,615	16,613	16,611	16,611	16,612	16,612	16,619	16,624
Civilian labor force	5,715	5,797	5,774	5,794	5,743	5,800	5,676	5,581	5,615	5,610	5,603	5,605	5,837
Participation rate	34.4	34.8	34.7	34.9	34.6	34.9	34.2	33.6	33.8	33.8	33.7	33.7	35.1
Employed	4,757	4,700	4,790	4,777	4,763	4,766	4,659	4,672	4,674	4,702	4,715	4,729	4,899
Employment-population ratio	28.7	28.3	28.8	28.7	28.7	28.7	28.0	28.1	28.1	28.3	28.4	28.5	29.5
Unemployed	957	1,096	984	1,018	980	1,033	1,018	909	941	908	887	875	938
Unemployment rate	16.8	18.9	17.0	17.6	17.1	17.8	17.9	16.3	16.8	16.2	15.8	15.6	16.1
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Change from: Nov. 2015- Dec. 2015
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	249,027	251,541	251,747	251,936	189
Civilian labor force	156,142	157,096	157,367	157,833	466
Participation rate	62.7	62.5	62.5	62.6	0.1
Employed	147,439	149,197	149,444	149,929	485
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.3	59.4	59.5	0.1
Unemployed	8,704	7,899	7,924	7,904	-20
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.0	5.0	5.0	0.0
Not in labor force	92,885	94,446	94,380	94,103	-277

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	5.6	5.0	5.0	5.0	0.0
Adult men (20 years and over)	5.3	4.7	4.7	4.7	0.0
Adult women (20 years and over)	5.0	4.5	4.6	4.4	-0.2
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	16.8	15.8	15.6	16.1	0.5
White	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.5	0.1
Black or African American	10.4	9.2	9.4	8.3	-1.1
Asian	4.2	3.5	3.9	4.0	0.1
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	6.5	6.4	6.4	6.3	-0.1

Total, 25 years and over	4.5	4.1	4.1	4.0	-0.1
Less than a high school diploma	8.8	7.3	6.8	6.7	-0.1
High school graduates, no college	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.6	0.2
Some college or associate degree	5.0	4.3	4.4	4.1	-0.3
Bachelor's degree and higher	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.5	0.0

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	4,330	3,944	3,873	3,796	-77
Job leavers	796	790	800	821	21
Reentrants	2,679	2,435	2,449	2,476	27
New entrants	966	812	847	858	11

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,371	2,339	2,412	2,405	-7
5 to 14 weeks	2,309	2,295	2,253	2,192	-61
15 to 26 weeks	1,261	1,227	1,270	1,235	-35
27 weeks and over	2,772	2,132	2,054	2,085	31

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	6,786	5,761	6,085	6,022	-63
Slack work or business conditions	4,033	3,289	3,536	3,548	12
Could only find part-time work	2,421	2,189	2,221	2,172	-49
Part time for noneconomic reasons	19,737	20,179	20,171	20,243	72

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	2,260	1,916	1,717	1,833	-
Discouraged workers	740	665	594	663	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	329	307	252	292
Total private	319	312	240	275
Goods-producing	64	34	39	45
Mining and logging	1	-4	-11	-8
Construction	44	35	48	45
Manufacturing	19	3	2	8
Durable goods(1)	14	-7	-7	-6
Motor vehicles and parts	2.2	-1.0	-3.1	-2.4
Nondurable goods	5	10	9	14
Private service-providing	255	278	201	230
Wholesale trade	14.3	10.5	8.9	2.4
Retail trade	-0.2	24.6	32.0	4.3
Transportation and warehousing	38.4	2.2	20.2	23.1
Utilities	1.8	0.1	1.8	1.4
Information	6	5	-9	16
Financial activities	7	11	15	11
Professional and business services(1)	72	94	21	73
Temporary help services	21.0	34.6	-12.0	34.4
Education and health services(1)	54	73	50	59
Health care and social assistance	47.5	61.2	39.8	52.6
Leisure and hospitality	56	48	47	29
Other services	6	10	14	11
Government	10	-5	12	17

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	324	202	235	284
Total private	317	201	239	276

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.3	49.4	49.4	49.4
Total private women employees	47.9	48.0	48.0	48.0
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.5	82.4	82.4	82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.6	34.6	34.5	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$24.62	$25.20	$25.25	$25.24
Average weekly earnings	$851.85	$871.92	$871.13	$870.78
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	102.7	104.4	104.3	104.6
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.6	-0.1	0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	120.6	125.6	125.7	126.0
Over-the-month percent change	0.0	0.9	0.1	0.2

DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (263 industries)	69.2	57.6	61.4	64.4
Manufacturing (80 industries)	64.4	54.4	52.5	58.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more
expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on
payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
businesses-pay-workers.htm.

In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
statistics page, please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 143,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 588,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment�s principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 105,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-55,000 to +155,000 (50,000 +/- 105,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	249,027	251,747	251,936	249,027	251,096	251,325	251,541	251,747	251,936
Civilian labor force	155,521	157,340	157,245	156,142	157,061	156,867	157,096	157,367	157,833
Participation rate	62.5	62.5	62.4	62.7	62.6	62.4	62.5	62.5	62.6
Employed	147,190	149,766	149,703	147,439	149,043	148,942	149,197	149,444	149,929
Employment-population ratio	59.1	59.5	59.4	59.2	59.4	59.3	59.3	59.4	59.5
Unemployed	8,331	7,573	7,542	8,704	8,018	7,925	7,899	7,924	7,904
Unemployment rate	5.4	4.8	4.8	5.6	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.0
Not in labor force	93,506	94,407	94,691	92,885	94,035	94,458	94,446	94,380	94,103
Persons who currently want a job	6,212	5,326	5,705	6,407	5,918	5,944	6,039	5,637	5,886

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	120,301	121,577	121,671	120,301	121,250	121,365	121,474	121,577	121,671
Civilian labor force	82,800	83,258	83,439	83,239	83,487	83,430	83,505	83,503	83,876
Participation rate	68.8	68.5	68.6	69.2	68.9	68.7	68.7	68.7	68.9
Employed	78,052	79,142	79,158	78,437	79,211	79,148	79,225	79,182	79,546
Employment-population ratio	64.9	65.1	65.1	65.2	65.3	65.2	65.2	65.1	65.4
Unemployed	4,748	4,115	4,280	4,802	4,276	4,282	4,279	4,321	4,330
Unemployment rate	5.7	4.9	5.1	5.8	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.2
Not in labor force	37,501	38,319	38,233	37,062	37,763	37,935	37,969	38,074	37,795

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	111,875	113,149	113,241	111,875	112,825	112,940	113,049	113,149	113,241
Civilian labor force	80,068	80,548	80,663	80,322	80,642	80,578	80,660	80,623	80,927
Participation rate	71.6	71.2	71.2	71.8	71.5	71.3	71.3	71.3	71.5
Employed	75,801	76,911	76,827	76,085	76,865	76,775	76,857	76,823	77,119
Employment-population ratio	67.8	68.0	67.8	68.0	68.1	68.0	68.0	67.9	68.1
Unemployed	4,267	3,637	3,836	4,237	3,776	3,803	3,803	3,800	3,808
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.5	4.8	5.3	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7
Not in labor force	31,807	32,601	32,578	31,553	32,184	32,363	32,389	32,526	32,314

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	128,726	130,170	130,265	128,726	129,846	129,960	130,067	130,170	130,265
Civilian labor force	72,721	74,082	73,807	72,904	73,574	73,437	73,591	73,865	73,957
Participation rate	56.5	56.9	56.7	56.6	56.7	56.5	56.6	56.7	56.8
Employed	69,138	70,624	70,544	69,002	69,833	69,794	69,971	70,262	70,383
Employment-population ratio	53.7	54.3	54.2	53.6	53.8	53.7	53.8	54.0	54.0
Unemployed	3,584	3,458	3,262	3,902	3,742	3,643	3,620	3,603	3,574
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.7	4.4	5.4	5.1	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.8
Not in labor force	56,005	56,088	56,458	55,822	56,272	56,523	56,476	56,305	56,308

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	120,557	121,979	122,071	120,557	121,660	121,773	121,880	121,979	122,071
Civilian labor force	70,058	71,482	71,055	70,106	70,805	70,679	70,833	71,139	71,069
Participation rate	58.1	58.6	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.0	58.1	58.3	58.2
Employed	66,797	68,335	68,131	66,597	67,504	67,465	67,624	67,891	67,911
Employment-population ratio	55.4	56.0	55.8	55.2	55.5	55.4	55.5	55.7	55.6
Unemployed	3,262	3,147	2,924	3,509	3,301	3,214	3,209	3,249	3,157
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.4	4.1	5.0	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.4
Not in labor force	50,499	50,497	51,016	50,451	50,855	51,094	51,047	50,840	51,002

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,595	16,619	16,624	16,595	16,611	16,612	16,612	16,619	16,624
Civilian labor force	5,395	5,310	5,527	5,715	5,615	5,610	5,603	5,605	5,837
Participation rate	32.5	32.0	33.2	34.4	33.8	33.8	33.7	33.7	35.1
Employed	4,592	4,520	4,745	4,757	4,674	4,702	4,715	4,729	4,899
Employment-population ratio	27.7	27.2	28.5	28.7	28.1	28.3	28.4	28.5	29.5
Unemployed	803	790	782	957	941	908	887	875	938
Unemployment rate	14.9	14.9	14.2	16.8	16.8	16.2	15.8	15.6	16.1
Not in labor force	11,201	11,309	11,096	10,881	10,996	11,002	11,010	11,014	10,787
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, race, sex, and age	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	196,091	197,377	197,471	196,091	197,024	197,152	197,271	197,377	197,471
Civilian labor force	122,650	123,534	123,401	123,060	123,387	123,180	123,375	123,496	123,815
Participation rate	62.5	62.6	62.5	62.8	62.6	62.5	62.5	62.6	62.7
Employed	117,068	118,503	118,157	117,198	117,903	117,812	117,978	118,115	118,295
Employment-population ratio	59.7	60.0	59.8	59.8	59.8	59.8	59.8	59.8	59.9
Unemployed	5,582	5,031	5,244	5,862	5,485	5,368	5,396	5,381	5,520
Unemployment rate	4.6	4.1	4.2	4.8	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.4	4.5
Not in labor force	73,441	73,843	74,070	73,031	73,637	73,973	73,896	73,881	73,656
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,262	64,489	64,506	64,444	64,599	64,541	64,563	64,503	64,691
Participation rate	71.8	71.5	71.5	72.0	71.8	71.7	71.7	71.6	71.7
Employed	61,410	62,027	61,788	61,606	61,944	61,874	61,921	61,884	61,988
Employment-population ratio	68.6	68.8	68.5	68.8	68.9	68.7	68.7	68.7	68.7
Unemployed	2,852	2,462	2,718	2,837	2,655	2,668	2,642	2,619	2,702
Unemployment rate	4.4	3.8	4.2	4.4	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,207	54,906	54,560	54,177	54,382	54,227	54,431	54,638	54,521
Participation rate	57.5	57.8	57.4	57.5	57.4	57.2	57.4	57.6	57.4
Employed	51,992	52,860	52,596	51,781	52,180	52,134	52,284	52,466	52,391
Employment-population ratio	55.2	55.7	55.4	55.0	55.1	55.0	55.1	55.3	55.2
Unemployed	2,216	2,046	1,964	2,397	2,202	2,093	2,147	2,172	2,130
Unemployment rate	4.1	3.7	3.6	4.4	4.0	3.9	3.9	4.0	3.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,181	4,139	4,335	4,440	4,406	4,411	4,381	4,355	4,603
Participation rate	33.9	33.6	35.2	36.0	35.8	35.8	35.6	35.4	37.4
Employed	3,666	3,616	3,773	3,811	3,779	3,804	3,773	3,765	3,916
Employment-population ratio	29.7	29.4	30.6	30.9	30.7	30.9	30.7	30.6	31.8
Unemployed	515	523	562	629	628	607	608	590	687
Unemployment rate	12.3	12.6	13.0	14.2	14.2	13.8	13.9	13.5	14.9

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	31,040	31,557	31,594	31,040	31,438	31,479	31,518	31,557	31,594
Civilian labor force	18,933	19,458	19,359	19,029	19,394	19,364	19,402	19,447	19,442
Participation rate	61.0	61.7	61.3	61.3	61.7	61.5	61.6	61.6	61.5
Employed	17,009	17,682	17,795	17,045	17,563	17,573	17,623	17,628	17,819
Employment-population ratio	54.8	56.0	56.3	54.9	55.9	55.8	55.9	55.9	56.4
Unemployed	1,924	1,776	1,565	1,984	1,831	1,791	1,779	1,819	1,623
Unemployment rate	10.2	9.1	8.1	10.4	9.4	9.2	9.2	9.4	8.3
Not in labor force	12,107	12,099	12,235	12,010	12,044	12,115	12,116	12,110	12,152
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,698	8,740	8,759	8,715	8,762	8,751	8,770	8,752	8,780
Participation rate	67.6	66.6	66.7	67.8	67.1	66.9	66.9	66.7	66.8
Employed	7,741	7,915	7,994	7,765	7,955	7,971	7,964	7,885	8,017
Employment-population ratio	60.2	60.3	60.9	60.4	60.9	60.9	60.8	60.1	61.0
Unemployed	957	825	764	951	807	780	806	867	763
Unemployment rate	11.0	9.4	8.7	10.9	9.2	8.9	9.2	9.9	8.7
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,561	10,047	9,890	9,606	9,936	9,892	9,956	10,009	9,928
Participation rate	60.9	63.0	61.9	61.2	62.5	62.2	62.5	62.8	62.2
Employed	8,800	9,247	9,240	8,810	9,129	9,107	9,154	9,218	9,241
Employment-population ratio	56.1	58.0	57.9	56.1	57.4	57.2	57.5	57.8	57.9
Unemployed	761	801	650	796	807	785	802	791	686
Unemployment rate	8.0	8.0	6.6	8.3	8.1	7.9	8.1	7.9	6.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	674	671	710	708	697	721	677	686	734
Participation rate	27.1	26.9	28.5	28.4	28.0	29.0	27.2	27.6	29.5
Employed	468	521	560	471	480	495	505	525	560
Employment-population ratio	18.8	20.9	22.5	18.9	19.3	19.9	20.3	21.1	22.5
Unemployed	206	150	150	237	217	226	172	161	174
Unemployment rate	30.6	22.4	21.2	33.5	31.2	31.3	25.4	23.5	23.7

ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	13,886	14,476	14,553	13,886	14,558	14,508	14,440	14,476	14,553
Civilian labor force	8,796	9,100	9,185	8,778	9,110	9,042	8,955	9,132	9,168
Participation rate	63.3	62.9	63.1	63.2	62.6	62.3	62.0	63.1	63.0
Employed	8,424	8,743	8,821	8,408	8,789	8,711	8,637	8,778	8,805
Employment-population ratio	60.7	60.4	60.6	60.5	60.4	60.0	59.8	60.6	60.5
Unemployed	372	356	365	370	321	331	318	354	363
Unemployment rate	4.2	3.9	4.0	4.2	3.5	3.7	3.5	3.9	4.0
Not in labor force	5,090	5,377	5,367	5,108	5,448	5,466	5,485	5,344	5,385
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
Employment status, sex, and age	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	38,839	40,005	40,090	38,839	39,737	39,828	39,916	40,005	40,090
Civilian labor force	25,630	26,304	26,210	25,686	26,076	26,074	26,200	26,225	26,270
Participation rate	66.0	65.8	65.4	66.1	65.6	65.5	65.6	65.6	65.5
Employed	23,995	24,654	24,591	24,016	24,347	24,410	24,535	24,543	24,614
Employment-population ratio	61.8	61.6	61.3	61.8	61.3	61.3	61.5	61.3	61.4
Unemployed	1,635	1,650	1,619	1,670	1,729	1,664	1,665	1,682	1,655
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.3	6.2	6.5	6.6	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.3
Not in labor force	13,209	13,701	13,881	13,153	13,661	13,754	13,716	13,780	13,821
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	14,299	14,427	14,475	14,278	14,357	14,471	14,464	14,377	14,454
Participation rate	81.3	80.0	80.1	81.2	80.1	80.6	80.4	79.7	79.9
Employed	13,490	13,665	13,639	13,510	13,595	13,676	13,723	13,601	13,659
Employment-population ratio	76.7	75.7	75.4	76.8	75.9	76.2	76.2	75.4	75.6
Unemployed	810	762	835	768	761	795	741	776	795
Unemployment rate	5.7	5.3	5.8	5.4	5.3	5.5	5.1	5.4	5.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,167	10,819	10,608	10,202	10,604	10,511	10,643	10,754	10,646
Participation rate	57.9	59.3	58.0	58.1	58.5	57.9	58.5	59.0	58.2
Employed	9,535	10,090	9,979	9,532	9,864	9,844	9,961	10,031	9,978
Employment-population ratio	54.3	55.3	54.6	54.2	54.5	54.2	54.7	55.0	54.6
Unemployed	631	729	629	670	740	667	682	723	668
Unemployment rate	6.2	6.7	5.9	6.6	7.0	6.3	6.4	6.7	6.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,164	1,058	1,127	1,207	1,116	1,093	1,093	1,095	1,170
Participation rate	31.6	28.4	30.2	32.8	30.1	29.4	29.4	29.4	31.3
Employed	970	899	972	975	888	889	851	912	977
Employment-population ratio	26.4	24.1	26.1	26.5	23.9	23.9	22.9	24.5	26.2
Unemployed	194	159	154	232	227	203	242	183	193
Unemployment rate	16.6	15.0	13.7	19.2	20.4	18.6	22.1	16.7	16.5
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	11,003	11,014	10,810	11,042	10,719	10,597	10,729	10,958	10,847
Participation rate	45.3	46.0	45.3	45.4	45.5	44.8	45.7	45.7	45.4
Employed	10,007	10,271	10,067	10,076	9,894	9,779	9,946	10,210	10,125
Employment-population ratio	41.2	42.9	42.2	41.4	42.0	41.3	42.4	42.6	42.4
Unemployed	996	743	742	967	825	818	784	748	722
Unemployment rate	9.1	6.7	6.9	8.8	7.7	7.7	7.3	6.8	6.7

High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	35,281	35,333	34,720	35,267	35,496	35,220	35,354	35,224	34,744
Participation rate	57.7	57.3	56.9	57.7	57.1	56.9	57.1	57.2	57.0
Employed	33,406	33,495	32,765	33,414	33,545	33,370	33,492	33,315	32,812
Employment-population ratio	54.6	54.4	53.7	54.6	53.9	53.9	54.1	54.1	53.8
Unemployed	1,875	1,838	1,955	1,853	1,951	1,850	1,861	1,910	1,933
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.2	5.6	5.3	5.5	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.6

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	36,845	37,428	37,679	37,059	37,148	37,330	37,464	37,610	37,869
Participation rate	66.3	66.4	66.2	66.7	66.1	66.2	66.2	66.7	66.5
Employed	35,079	35,834	36,179	35,220	35,525	35,724	35,838	35,957	36,304
Employment-population ratio	63.2	63.5	63.6	63.4	63.2	63.3	63.3	63.8	63.8
Unemployed	1,766	1,593	1,500	1,839	1,623	1,607	1,626	1,653	1,565
Unemployment rate	4.8	4.3	4.0	5.0	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.1

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	51,727	52,933	53,202	51,654	52,510	52,711	52,697	52,757	53,054
Participation rate	74.5	74.2	74.2	74.4	74.4	74.4	74.2	74.0	74.0
Employed	50,350	51,681	51,970	50,193	51,224	51,408	51,366	51,451	51,746
Employment-population ratio	72.5	72.5	72.5	72.3	72.6	72.6	72.3	72.1	72.2
Unemployed	1,377	1,252	1,231	1,460	1,287	1,303	1,331	1,306	1,307
Unemployment rate	2.7	2.4	2.3	2.8	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.5
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	21,379	21,059	19,390	19,053	1,989	2,006
Civilian labor force	10,787	10,745	9,511	9,507	1,276	1,237
Participation rate	50.5	51.0	49.0	49.9	64.2	61.7
Employed	10,280	10,231	9,090	9,030	1,189	1,201
Employment-population ratio	48.1	48.6	46.9	47.4	59.8	59.9
Unemployed	507	514	420	478	87	36
Unemployment rate	4.7	4.8	4.4	5.0	6.8	2.9
Not in labor force	10,592	10,314	9,879	9,546	713	769

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,515	3,677	2,867	3,017	647	660
Civilian labor force	2,760	3,041	2,303	2,556	457	485
Participation rate	78.5	82.7	80.3	84.7	70.5	73.4
Employed	2,569	2,868	2,142	2,406	426	462
Employment-population ratio	73.1	78.0	74.7	79.8	65.9	70.0
Unemployed	191	173	161	150	30	22
Unemployment rate	6.9	5.7	7.0	5.9	6.6	4.6
Not in labor force	755	636	564	460	191	175

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,404	3,458	2,906	2,938	499	520
Civilian labor force	2,764	2,725	2,404	2,363	360	362
Participation rate	81.2	78.8	82.8	80.4	72.2	69.7
Employed	2,677	2,590	2,338	2,228	339	362
Employment-population ratio	78.6	74.9	80.5	75.8	68.1	69.7
Unemployed	87	135	67	135	21	0
Unemployment rate	3.2	5.0	2.8	5.7	5.7	0.0
Not in labor force	640	733	501	575	139	158

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,125	8,705	8,801	8,394	324	311
Civilian labor force	2,457	2,255	2,355	2,174	102	80
Participation rate	26.9	25.9	26.8	25.9	31.4	25.8
Employed	2,350	2,179	2,259	2,107	91	72
Employment-population ratio	25.8	25.0	25.7	25.1	28.0	23.1
Unemployed	107	76	96	67	11	9
Unemployment rate	4.3	3.4	4.1	3.1	10.9	10.7
Not in labor force	6,668	6,450	6,446	6,220	222	231

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,335	5,219	4,816	4,704	519	515
Civilian labor force	2,806	2,724	2,448	2,414	358	310
Participation rate	52.6	52.2	50.8	51.3	69.0	60.2
Employed	2,684	2,594	2,351	2,288	333	305
Employment-population ratio	50.3	49.7	48.8	48.6	64.1	59.2
Unemployed	123	130	97	125	25	5
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.8	4.0	5.2	7.0	1.6
Not in labor force	2,529	2,495	2,368	2,290	161	205

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	218,754	221,985	96,447	98,160	122,307	123,825
Civilian labor force	142,814	144,625	72,318	72,999	70,496	71,626
Participation rate	65.3	65.2	75.0	74.4	57.6	57.8
Employed	135,302	137,878	68,161	69,367	67,141	68,510
Employment-population ratio	61.9	62.1	70.7	70.7	54.9	55.3
Unemployed	7,512	6,748	4,157	3,632	3,355	3,116
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.7	5.7	5.0	4.8	4.4
Not in labor force	75,940	77,360	24,129	25,161	51,811	52,199
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
Employment status, sex, and age	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	29,546	29,447	219,481	222,489
Civilian labor force	5,983	5,660	149,538	151,585
Participation rate	20.3	19.2	68.1	68.1
Employed	5,312	5,076	141,878	144,627
Employment-population ratio	18.0	17.2	64.6	65.0
Unemployed	671	584	7,660	6,958
Unemployment rate	11.2	10.3	5.1	4.6
Not in labor force	23,563	23,787	69,943	70,904

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,681	2,447	75,476	76,148
Participation rate	34.6	32.4	81.8	81.9
Employed	2,356	2,136	71,263	72,342
Employment-population ratio	30.4	28.3	77.3	77.8
Unemployed	326	312	4,213	3,806
Unemployment rate	12.1	12.7	5.6	5.0
Not in labor force	5,076	5,110	16,740	16,858

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,282	2,237	66,604	67,563
Participation rate	28.8	27.9	69.8	70.3
Employed	1,996	2,005	63,435	64,668
Employment-population ratio	25.2	25.0	66.5	67.3
Unemployed	287	232	3,169	2,895
Unemployment rate	12.6	10.4	4.8	4.3
Not in labor force	5,639	5,781	28,844	28,523

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,019	976	7,458	7,874
Participation rate	7.4	7.0	23.4	23.6
Employed	960	936	7,180	7,616
Employment-population ratio	6.9	6.7	22.6	22.8
Unemployed	59	40	279	257
Unemployment rate	5.8	4.1	3.7	3.3
Not in labor force	12,848	12,897	24,359	25,523
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
Employment status and nativity	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	39,896	40,737	19,543	19,959	20,353	20,778
Civilian labor force	26,286	26,681	15,390	15,540	10,897	11,141
Participation rate	65.9	65.5	78.7	77.9	53.5	53.6
Employed	24,890	25,426	14,605	14,859	10,286	10,567
Employment-population ratio	62.4	62.4	74.7	74.5	50.5	50.9
Unemployed	1,396	1,255	785	681	611	574
Unemployment rate	5.3	4.7	5.1	4.4	5.6	5.2
Not in labor force	13,610	14,056	4,154	4,419	9,456	9,638

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	209,131	211,199	100,758	101,713	108,373	109,486
Civilian labor force	129,235	130,564	67,410	67,898	61,825	62,666
Participation rate	61.8	61.8	66.9	66.8	57.0	57.2
Employed	122,300	124,277	63,447	64,299	58,852	59,978
Employment-population ratio	58.5	58.8	63.0	63.2	54.3	54.8
Unemployed	6,936	6,287	3,963	3,599	2,973	2,688
Unemployment rate	5.4	4.8	5.9	5.3	4.8	4.3
Not in labor force	79,896	80,635	33,348	33,814	46,549	46,820
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Category	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,220	2,363	2,273	2,355	2,350	2,368	2,394	2,424	2,411
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,426	1,540	1,482	1,505	1,436	1,516	1,568	1,557	1,562
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	764	801	760	820	889	821	804	822	814
Unpaid family workers	30	22	32	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	144,970	147,404	147,430	145,132	146,666	146,535	146,864	147,110	147,587
Wage and salary workers(1)	136,371	138,642	138,989	136,455	137,989	137,999	138,182	138,478	139,054
Government	20,098	21,140	20,905	20,002	20,624	20,558	20,597	21,088	20,824
Private industries	116,272	117,501	118,083	116,414	117,340	117,503	117,509	117,368	118,193
Private households	771	736	735	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	115,501	116,766	117,348	115,609	116,512	116,727	116,711	116,626	117,432
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,540	8,692	8,386	8,707	8,667	8,356	8,639	8,593	8,551
Unpaid family workers	59	70	55	-	-	-	-	-	-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,970	5,967	6,179	6,786	6,481	6,034	5,761	6,085	6,022
Slack work or business conditions	4,176	3,468	3,678	4,033	3,826	3,563	3,289	3,536	3,548
Could only find part-time work	2,377	2,194	2,129	2,421	2,229	2,123	2,189	2,221	2,172
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	20,089	21,094	20,585	19,737	19,772	19,997	20,179	20,171	20,243
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	6,855	5,855	6,046	6,695	6,374	5,942	5,702	5,970	5,910
Slack work or business conditions	4,100	3,396	3,594	3,977	3,775	3,507	3,264	3,469	3,482
Could only find part-time work	2,372	2,183	2,123	2,411	2,227	2,098	2,176	2,208	2,161
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,732	20,721	20,294	19,407	19,481	19,687	19,817	19,783	19,932
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	147,190	149,766	149,703	147,439	149,043	148,942	149,197	149,444	149,929
16 to 19 years	4,592	4,520	4,745	4,757	4,674	4,702	4,715	4,729	4,899
16 to 17 years	1,609	1,518	1,594	1,675	1,620	1,625	1,577	1,559	1,648
18 to 19 years	2,983	3,002	3,151	3,058	3,050	3,073	3,130	3,142	3,232
20 years and over	142,598	145,246	144,958	142,681	144,370	144,240	144,481	144,714	145,030
20 to 24 years	13,755	13,965	13,975	13,837	14,313	13,975	14,034	13,920	14,061
25 years and over	128,843	131,281	130,983	128,881	130,076	130,191	130,518	130,837	130,995
25 to 54 years	95,985	97,303	96,968	96,008	96,632	96,759	96,721	96,960	96,976
25 to 34 years	32,452	33,019	32,987	32,362	32,769	32,806	32,793	32,814	32,891
35 to 44 years	30,987	31,474	31,430	31,026	31,348	31,355	31,360	31,361	31,466
45 to 54 years	32,546	32,810	32,551	32,621	32,515	32,598	32,568	32,785	32,620
55 years and over	32,858	33,978	34,014	32,873	33,444	33,432	33,796	33,877	34,019

Men, 16 years and over	78,052	79,142	79,158	78,437	79,211	79,148	79,225	79,182	79,546
16 to 19 years	2,251	2,231	2,332	2,352	2,345	2,373	2,368	2,358	2,427
16 to 17 years	801	747	761	825	806	800	778	781	780
18 to 19 years	1,450	1,485	1,570	1,504	1,539	1,576	1,595	1,571	1,631
20 years and over	75,801	76,911	76,827	76,085	76,865	76,775	76,857	76,823	77,119
20 to 24 years	7,083	7,020	7,090	7,166	7,257	7,112	7,151	7,026	7,173
25 years and over	68,718	69,892	69,737	68,929	69,622	69,631	69,766	69,767	69,945
25 to 54 years	51,326	51,982	51,774	51,484	51,889	51,945	51,836	51,862	51,935
25 to 34 years	17,532	17,829	17,777	17,543	17,712	17,743	17,730	17,732	17,785
35 to 44 years	16,702	16,883	16,882	16,754	16,928	16,946	16,914	16,829	16,933
45 to 54 years	17,092	17,270	17,115	17,187	17,249	17,257	17,192	17,302	17,217
55 years and over	17,392	17,910	17,963	17,446	17,732	17,686	17,931	17,905	18,010

Women, 16 years and over	69,138	70,624	70,544	69,002	69,833	69,794	69,971	70,262	70,383
16 to 19 years	2,341	2,289	2,413	2,405	2,328	2,329	2,347	2,371	2,472
16 to 17 years	808	771	833	850	814	825	799	778	868
18 to 19 years	1,533	1,517	1,580	1,554	1,512	1,497	1,535	1,571	1,601
20 years and over	66,797	68,335	68,131	66,597	67,504	67,465	67,624	67,891	67,911
20 to 24 years	6,672	6,946	6,885	6,672	7,057	6,863	6,883	6,894	6,888
25 years and over	60,125	61,390	61,246	59,952	60,454	60,560	60,752	61,070	61,051
25 to 54 years	44,658	45,321	45,194	44,524	44,742	44,813	44,886	45,098	45,042
25 to 34 years	14,919	15,191	15,210	14,819	15,057	15,064	15,064	15,082	15,106
35 to 44 years	14,285	14,591	14,548	14,272	14,419	14,409	14,445	14,533	14,533
45 to 54 years	15,454	15,540	15,437	15,434	15,267	15,341	15,377	15,483	15,403
55 years and over	15,467	16,069	16,051	15,427	15,712	15,747	15,866	15,972	16,009

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	44,610	44,952	45,162	44,631	44,985	44,907	44,858	44,816	45,187
Married women, spouse present	34,921	35,503	35,318	34,673	34,980	35,023	35,146	35,185	35,080
Women who maintain families	9,330	9,702	9,853	-	-	-	-	-	-

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(1)	119,394	121,897	122,013	119,999	122,045	121,873	122,054	122,099	122,603
Part-time workers(2)	27,796	27,870	27,689	27,445	26,949	27,009	27,209	27,332	27,359

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,308	7,596	7,855	7,211	7,224	7,351	7,452	7,414	7,738
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.1	5.2	4.9	4.8	4.9	5.0	5.0	5.2

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,666	5,692	5,842	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,304	9,493	9,146	9,527	9,556	9,177	9,443	9,415	9,364
Footnotes (1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
Characteristic	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	8,704	7,924	7,904	5.6	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.0
16 to 19 years	957	875	938	16.8	16.8	16.2	15.8	15.6	16.1
16 to 17 years	385	322	346	18.7	18.6	17.6	18.0	17.1	17.4
18 to 19 years	562	565	581	15.5	15.8	15.8	14.8	15.2	15.2
20 years and over	7,746	7,048	6,966	5.1	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
20 to 24 years	1,654	1,480	1,460	10.7	8.9	9.2	9.4	9.6	9.4
25 years and over	6,090	5,608	5,507	4.5	4.2	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.0
25 to 54 years	4,752	4,311	4,399	4.7	4.4	4.2	4.4	4.3	4.3
25 to 34 years	2,016	1,913	1,853	5.9	5.3	5.1	5.3	5.5	5.3
35 to 44 years	1,390	1,289	1,320	4.3	3.9	4.0	4.1	3.9	4.0
45 to 54 years	1,346	1,108	1,226	4.0	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.3	3.6
55 years and over	1,367	1,300	1,132	4.0	3.8	3.8	3.5	3.7	3.2

Men, 16 years and over	4,802	4,321	4,330	5.8	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.2
16 to 19 years	564	521	522	19.4	17.6	16.8	16.7	18.1	17.7
16 to 17 years	200	184	202	19.5	18.8	19.0	20.2	19.1	20.6
18 to 19 years	345	341	305	18.7	17.0	16.1	15.1	17.8	15.8
20 years and over	4,237	3,800	3,808	5.3	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7
20 to 24 years	939	887	824	11.6	9.8	10.4	10.6	11.2	10.3
25 years and over	3,303	2,936	2,994	4.6	4.1	4.1	4.1	4.0	4.1
25 to 54 years	2,534	2,255	2,344	4.7	4.2	4.1	4.3	4.2	4.3
25 to 34 years	1,063	1,049	1,050	5.7	5.2	5.2	5.5	5.6	5.6
35 to 44 years	751	641	678	4.3	3.5	3.7	3.8	3.7	3.9
45 to 54 years	720	565	616	4.0	3.7	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.5
55 years and over	769	682	650	4.2	3.9	4.0	3.4	3.7	3.5

Women, 16 years and over	3,902	3,603	3,574	5.4	5.1	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.8
16 to 19 years	393	355	416	14.0	15.9	15.6	14.9	13.0	14.4
16 to 17 years	184	138	144	17.8	18.5	16.2	15.8	15.1	14.2
18 to 19 years	217	224	276	12.2	14.6	15.4	14.4	12.5	14.7
20 years and over	3,509	3,249	3,157	5.0	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.4
20 to 24 years	716	592	636	9.7	7.9	7.9	8.1	7.9	8.5
25 years and over	2,787	2,672	2,513	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.1	4.2	4.0
25 to 54 years	2,218	2,056	2,054	4.7	4.5	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.4
25 to 34 years	953	865	803	6.0	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.4	5.0
35 to 44 years	640	648	642	4.3	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.3	4.2
45 to 54 years	626	543	610	3.9	4.1	3.4	3.7	3.4	3.8
55 years and over	618	599	520	3.9	3.6	3.6	3.4	3.6	3.1

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	1,381	1,246	1,259	3.0	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.7	2.7
Married women, spouse present	1,132	1,107	1,095	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0
Women who maintain families(1)	791	719	607	7.8	8.1	7.1	7.5	6.9	5.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(2)	7,263	6,554	6,576	5.7	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1
Part-time workers(3)	1,434	1,416	1,331	5.0	4.9	4.8	4.6	4.9	4.6
Footnotes (1) Not seasonally adjusted. (2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Reason	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	4,355	3,633	3,820	4,330	4,014	3,883	3,944	3,873	3,796
On temporary layoff	1,034	768	1,000	963	968	901	936	939	937
Not on temporary layoff	3,320	2,865	2,820	3,367	3,046	2,982	3,007	2,934	2,859
Permanent job losers	2,340	2,072	2,006	2,386	2,137	2,139	2,115	2,112	2,044
Persons who completed temporary jobs	980	793	814	981	909	843	893	822	815
Job leavers	741	791	762	796	787	778	790	800	821
Reentrants	2,422	2,361	2,239	2,679	2,344	2,443	2,435	2,449	2,476
New entrants	814	788	721	966	846	832	812	847	858

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	52.3	48.0	50.6	49.4	50.2	48.9	49.4	48.6	47.7
On temporary layoff	12.4	10.1	13.3	11.0	12.1	11.3	11.7	11.8	11.8
Not on temporary layoff	39.9	37.8	37.4	38.4	38.1	37.6	37.7	36.8	36.0
Job leavers	8.9	10.4	10.1	9.1	9.9	9.8	9.9	10.0	10.3
Reentrants	29.1	31.2	29.7	30.5	29.3	30.8	30.5	30.7	31.1
New entrants	9.8	10.4	9.6	11.0	10.6	10.5	10.2	10.6	10.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	2.8	2.3	2.4	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.4
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.6	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
New entrants	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Duration	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,261	2,173	2,280	2,371	2,106	2,373	2,339	2,412	2,405
5 to 14 weeks	2,149	2,144	2,031	2,309	2,354	2,211	2,295	2,253	2,192
15 weeks and over	3,922	3,256	3,231	4,033	3,443	3,337	3,359	3,324	3,320
15 to 26 weeks	1,229	1,249	1,206	1,261	1,254	1,228	1,227	1,270	1,235
27 weeks and over	2,693	2,007	2,025	2,772	2,189	2,109	2,132	2,054	2,085

Average (mean) duration, in weeks	32.4	29.1	27.6	32.5	28.3	26.3	28.0	27.9	27.6
Median duration, in weeks	13.0	11.4	10.9	12.6	12.1	11.3	11.1	10.7	10.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	27.1	28.7	30.2	27.2	26.6	30.0	29.3	30.2	30.4
5 to 14 weeks	25.8	28.3	26.9	26.5	29.8	27.9	28.7	28.2	27.7
15 weeks and over	47.1	43.0	42.8	46.3	43.6	42.1	42.0	41.6	41.9
15 to 26 weeks	14.8	16.5	16.0	14.5	15.9	15.5	15.4	15.9	15.6
27 weeks and over	32.3	26.5	26.9	31.8	27.7	26.6	26.7	25.7	26.3
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
Occupation	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015
Total, 16 years and over(1)	147,190	149,703	8,331	7,542	5.4	4.8
Management, professional, and related occupations	56,888	59,030	1,568	1,208	2.7	2.0
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	23,191	24,544	596	474	2.5	1.9
Professional and related occupations	33,697	34,486	972	734	2.8	2.1
Service occupations	25,745	25,729	1,859	1,858	6.7	6.7
Sales and office occupations	33,455	33,776	1,716	1,500	4.9	4.3
Sales and related occupations	15,848	15,671	831	787	5.0	4.8
Office and administrative support occupations	17,607	18,105	885	713	4.8	3.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,248	13,610	1,171	1,163	8.1	7.9
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	871	1,000	177	172	16.9	14.7
Construction and extraction occupations	7,466	7,602	763	807	9.3	9.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,911	5,008	230	183	4.5	3.5
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17,854	17,557	1,168	1,071	6.1	5.8
Production occupations	8,669	8,243	573	458	6.2	5.3
Transportation and material moving occupations	9,185	9,314	595	614	6.1	6.2
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
Industry and class of worker	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015
Total, 16 years and over(1)	8,331	7,542	5.4	4.8
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	6,341	5,848	5.2	4.7
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	104	4.1	11.2
Construction	680	645	8.3	7.5
Manufacturing	596	616	3.9	4.0
Durable goods	368	364	3.8	3.8
Nondurable goods	228	253	4.2	4.3
Wholesale and retail trade	1,125	1,005	5.3	4.9
Transportation and utilities	261	264	4.2	4.0
Information	167	81	5.7	2.9
Financial activities	328	260	3.4	2.6
Professional and business services	903	838	5.8	5.2
Education and health services	868	725	3.8	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,022	1,018	7.5	7.4
Other services	346	293	5.4	4.5
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	189	190	12.1	11.7
Government workers	574	445	2.8	2.1
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	412	338	4.2	3.5
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
Measure	Dec. 2014	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Aug. 2015	Sept. 2015	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015	Dec. 2015
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.5	2.1	2.1	2.6	2.2	2.1	2.1	2.1	2.1
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	2.8	2.3	2.4	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.5	2.4
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	5.4	4.8	4.8	5.6	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.0
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	5.8	5.2	5.2	6.0	5.5	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.4
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	6.7	5.8	5.9	6.9	6.2	6.2	6.2	6.1	6.1
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	11.1	9.6	9.8	11.2	10.3	10.0	9.8	9.9	9.9
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category	Total		Men		Women
Category	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015	Dec. 2014	Dec. 2015
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	93,506	94,691	37,501	38,233	56,005	56,458
Persons who currently want a job	6,212	5,705	2,984	2,639	3,227	3,066
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	2,260	1,833	1,169	929	1,091	904
Discouraged workers(2)	740	663	441	396	299	267
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,520	1,170	727	533	792	638

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,308	7,855	3,538	3,840	3,771	4,016
Percent of total employed	5.0	5.2	4.5	4.9	5.5	5.7
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,924	4,315	2,142	2,345	1,782	1,970
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,986	2,067	681	696	1,306	1,371
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	232	230	144	133	87	98
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,109	1,194	544	647	565	546
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]
Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
Industry	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)	Change from: Nov.2015 - Dec.2015(p)
Total nonfarm	141,484	143,764	144,180	144,191	140,592	142,698	142,950	143,242	292
Total private	119,223	121,419	121,718	121,820	118,690	120,726	120,966	121,241	275
Goods-producing	19,389	19,817	19,727	19,566	19,489	19,567	19,606	19,651	45

Mining and logging	912	809	793	781	913	801	790	782	-8
Logging	53.6	54.9	53.0	52.5	53.0	52.3	51.8	52.2	0.4
Mining	858.3	753.8	739.8	728.9	859.6	748.6	737.7	730.2	-7.5
Oil and gas extraction	201.9	187.7	185.1	185.3	201.2	187.5	185.4	184.5	-0.9
Mining, except oil and gas(1)	203.7	198.1	193.9	188.6	207.0	194.8	193.0	191.9	-1.1
Coal mining	72.1	66.1	64.7	63.3	72.0	66.1	64.8	63.6	-1.2
Support activities for mining	452.7	368.0	360.8	355.0	451.4	366.3	359.3	353.8	-5.5

Construction	6,175	6,659	6,599	6,448	6,275	6,445	6,493	6,538	45
Construction of buildings	1,381.2	1,444.2	1,439.7	1,425.6	1,388.0	1,411.6	1,420.5	1,430.6	10.1
Residential building	673.9	715.3	717.0	706.8	677.4	697.8	705.1	710.1	5.0
Nonresidential building	707.3	728.9	722.7	718.8	710.6	713.8	715.4	720.5	5.1
Heavy and civil engineering construction	897.6	1,009.5	974.0	916.7	932.7	946.0	948.1	952.9	4.8
Specialty trade contractors	3,896.4	4,205.0	4,185.2	4,105.8	3,954.3	4,087.6	4,124.7	4,154.1	29.4
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,685.8	1,835.4	1,829.4	1,794.9	1,719.2	1,781.4	1,805.6	1,823.7	18.1
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,210.6	2,369.6	2,355.8	2,310.9	2,235.1	2,306.2	2,319.1	2,330.4	11.3

Manufacturing	12,302	12,349	12,335	12,337	12,301	12,321	12,323	12,331	8

Durable goods	7,786	7,785	7,778	7,773	7,782	7,779	7,772	7,766	-6
Wood products	374.6	383.9	385.5	384.0	376.8	382.2	383.8	385.3	1.5
Nonmetallic mineral products	392.6	410.3	408.7	400.9	396.3	404.2	404.5	404.6	0.1
Primary metals	408.2	392.4	391.7	389.7	407.9	392.4	391.9	389.1	-2.8
Fabricated metal products	1,474.6	1,448.4	1,446.8	1,447.0	1,473.3	1,447.2	1,446.4	1,444.9	-1.5
Machinery	1,143.7	1,112.2	1,109.5	1,107.3	1,144.0	1,114.0	1,111.9	1,105.6	-6.3
Computer and electronic products(1)	1,055.6	1,050.6	1,051.3	1,054.1	1,054.8	1,052.7	1,052.0	1,053.1	1.1
Computer and peripheral equipment	168.3	171.3	171.5	172.9	167.8	171.5	171.6	172.6	1.0
Communications equipment	91.7	87.3	86.9	86.9	91.4	87.4	86.9	86.7	-0.2
Semiconductors and electronic components	369.2	367.0	367.4	367.6	369.1	367.7	367.5	367.2	-0.3
Electronic instruments	388.0	389.3	389.7	390.4	388.7	390.4	390.4	390.8	0.4
Electrical equipment and appliances	372.6	373.4	372.3	374.8	371.8	373.7	372.2	374.3	2.1
Transportation equipment(1)	1,595.7	1,619.3	1,617.4	1,616.6	1,591.0	1,620.2	1,615.5	1,612.2	-3.3
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	907.6	935.6	934.0	931.8	902.5	934.9	931.8	929.4	-2.4
Furniture and related products	382.0	394.5	393.2	396.4	382.6	395.6	394.5	396.6	2.1
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	586.1	599.8	601.9	602.2	583.9	597.2	599.5	600.5	1.0

Nondurable goods	4,516	4,564	4,557	4,564	4,519	4,542	4,551	4,565	14
Food manufacturing	1,483.6	1,506.0	1,501.7	1,501.5	1,484.6	1,492.2	1,498.3	1,501.8	3.5
Textile mills	118.3	116.5	116.7	116.8	118.3	116.8	116.7	116.7	0.0
Textile product mills	116.9	116.3	116.3	115.4	115.9	115.3	114.8	114.6	-0.2
Apparel	138.4	137.1	137.0	137.0	137.8	136.4	136.6	136.4	-0.2
Paper and paper products	368.2	366.7	367.0	368.4	367.6	367.2	367.3	367.8	0.5
Printing and related support activities	452.2	445.6	447.7	448.0	450.2	444.9	445.7	445.5	-0.2
Petroleum and coal products	109.6	114.5	114.2	113.3	111.7	113.3	114.0	115.0	1.0
Chemicals	811.6	812.2	814.2	818.7	811.6	813.7	815.3	817.8	2.5
Plastics and rubber products	681.6	688.7	688.1	691.5	682.6	688.9	689.5	692.8	3.3
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	235.9	260.2	253.8	253.3	238.9	253.4	253.2	256.7	3.5

Private service-providing	99,834	101,602	101,991	102,254	99,201	101,159	101,360	101,590	230

Trade, transportation, and utilities	27,402	27,103	27,587	27,858	26,669	27,020	27,083	27,114	31

Wholesale trade	5,882.1	5,936.0	5,949.6	5,947.0	5,875.5	5,929.6	5,938.5	5,940.9	2.4
Durable goods	2,936.4	2,954.0	2,955.0	2,960.0	2,935.4	2,952.5	2,955.9	2,958.2	2.3
Nondurable goods	2,031.3	2,068.2	2,082.5	2,069.4	2,031.1	2,064.1	2,072.3	2,070.2	-2.1
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	914.4	913.8	912.1	917.6	909.0	913.0	910.3	912.5	2.2

Retail trade	16,058.6	15,781.4	16,186.4	16,332.1	15,497.3	15,735.0	15,767.0	15,771.3	4.3
Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)	1,882.3	1,957.0	1,957.3	1,957.9	1,894.0	1,950.3	1,959.7	1,969.3	9.6
Automobile dealers	1,203.7	1,250.7	1,250.7	1,254.4	1,208.1	1,245.7	1,251.2	1,259.1	7.9
Furniture and home furnishings stores	482.4	469.8	481.0	485.7	457.4	464.1	463.8	461.1	-2.7
Electronics and appliance stores	523.3	515.5	536.7	534.5	491.9	506.3	505.5	504.5	-1.0
Building material and garden supply stores	1,208.6	1,244.1	1,242.5	1,242.2	1,246.6	1,266.4	1,270.9	1,279.4	8.5
Food and beverage stores	3,049.2	3,044.4	3,052.5	3,059.7	3,020.5	3,036.7	3,032.5	3,032.1	-0.4
Health and personal care stores	1,045.5	1,026.4	1,041.7	1,046.9	1,025.9	1,023.8	1,027.2	1,027.9	0.7
Gasoline stations	886.1	910.9	910.0	909.8	889.1	909.4	909.4	912.7	3.3
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,536.2	1,410.8	1,513.6	1,538.9	1,370.7	1,399.1	1,394.7	1,377.2	-17.5
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	688.3	602.7	662.7	674.0	626.2	600.2	609.5	604.9	-4.6
General merchandise stores(1)	3,368.5	3,191.0	3,361.8	3,425.1	3,138.6	3,200.2	3,206.2	3,201.5	-4.7
Department stores	1,501.6	1,312.9	1,414.7	1,463.6	1,342.8	1,322.3	1,315.4	1,309.6	-5.8
Miscellaneous store retailers	836.1	850.3	849.7	864.3	821.7	831.5	838.0	847.0	9.0
Nonstore retailers	552.1	558.5	576.9	593.1	514.7	547.0	549.6	553.7	4.1

Transportation and warehousing	4,903.7	4,820.6	4,884.2	5,010.0	4,738.5	4,789.4	4,809.6	4,832.7	23.1
Air transportation	442.0	454.5	452.2	453.3	443.3	454.3	453.8	454.7	0.9
Rail transportation	241.4	233.9	234.8	234.6	241.3	234.8	235.8	235.5	-0.3
Water transportation	66.8	62.7	60.7	60.4	67.4	62.1	61.7	61.2	-0.5
Truck transportation	1,437.6	1,468.0	1,463.8	1,458.0	1,441.1	1,451.2	1,454.9	1,460.2	5.3
Transit and ground passenger transportation	488.6	488.7	486.3	488.1	471.1	470.7	469.4	471.1	1.7
Pipeline transportation	47.6	49.9	49.8	50.0	47.6	50.0	49.8	50.1	0.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	25.9	32.4	26.2	25.2	30.6	31.7	31.1	30.3	-0.8
Support activities for transportation	636.8	651.8	656.1	655.2	632.3	647.5	653.7	651.9	-1.8
Couriers and messengers	752.1	580.8	645.9	774.3	616.6	599.6	610.2	625.3	15.1
Warehousing and storage	764.9	797.9	808.4	810.9	747.2	787.5	789.2	792.4	3.2

Utilities	557.2	565.2	566.8	568.6	557.9	565.9	567.7	569.1	1.4

Information	2,775	2,810	2,816	2,827	2,767	2,810	2,801	2,817	16
Publishing industries, except Internet	724.8	718.0	718.2	720.3	721.4	717.1	716.0	716.6	0.6
Motion picture and sound recording industries	377.5	394.5	391.1	400.0	381.4	397.7	385.0	400.2	15.2
Broadcasting, except Internet	288.9	288.6	289.3	289.9	287.5	288.0	288.2	288.7	0.5
Telecommunications	865.6	868.3	873.3	871.4	861.5	867.6	868.7	867.8	-0.9
Data processing, hosting and related services	288.2	298.2	299.2	298.6	286.5	298.2	298.8	297.8	-1.0
Other information services	229.9	242.2	244.9	246.9	228.5	241.6	244.0	245.4	1.4

Financial activities	8,059	8,175	8,187	8,208	8,049	8,170	8,185	8,196	11
Finance and insurance	5,994.8	6,074.0	6,094.1	6,109.1	5,978.9	6,073.7	6,083.5	6,093.1	9.6
Monetary authorities - central bank	18.5	18.6	18.6	18.6	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.6	0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities(1)	2,573.6	2,575.2	2,580.7	2,586.5	2,565.9	2,577.3	2,578.4	2,579.9	1.5
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,702.2	1,688.8	1,693.5	1,696.5	1,700.2	1,692.7	1,694.7	1,695.1	0.4
Commercial banking	1,285.7	1,264.3	1,267.4	1,269.5	1,284.5	1,268.3	1,268.5	1,268.3	-0.2
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	888.6	911.6	914.5	917.8	888.0	911.0	914.2	916.5	2.3
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,514.1	2,568.6	2,580.3	2,586.2	2,506.5	2,566.9	2,572.4	2,578.1	5.7
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,064.2	2,101.1	2,092.8	2,098.6	2,070.5	2,096.4	2,101.7	2,103.2	1.5
Real estate	1,503.5	1,533.5	1,530.7	1,543.6	1,501.2	1,530.9	1,535.0	1,539.7	4.7
Rental and leasing services	536.9	543.9	538.5	531.4	545.9	542.0	543.3	540.2	-3.1
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.8	23.7	23.6	23.6	23.4	23.5	23.4	23.3	-0.1

Professional and business services	19,519	20,132	20,114	20,123	19,439	19,950	19,971	20,044	73
Professional and technical services(1)	8,526.7	8,713.2	8,753.0	8,804.2	8,489.5	8,729.9	8,757.2	8,768.3	11.1
Legal services	1,124.2	1,127.9	1,128.8	1,133.1	1,120.0	1,126.6	1,126.8	1,128.0	1.2
Accounting and bookkeeping services	981.3	960.5	984.4	1,027.9	980.9	1,021.2	1,033.2	1,028.3	-4.9
Architectural and engineering services	1,403.3	1,446.9	1,438.1	1,437.8	1,403.9	1,436.8	1,433.9	1,438.7	4.8
Computer systems design and related services	1,818.9	1,906.7	1,912.5	1,908.6	1,814.4	1,897.5	1,901.8	1,905.6	3.8
Management and technical consulting services	1,295.4	1,332.6	1,341.3	1,347.5	1,280.1	1,321.9	1,328.0	1,332.2	4.2
Management of companies and enterprises	2,195.0	2,237.0	2,240.7	2,248.8	2,190.5	2,237.2	2,241.3	2,244.4	3.1
Administrative and waste services	8,797.1	9,181.4	9,120.1	9,069.8	8,759.4	8,983.0	8,972.3	9,031.6	59.3
Administrative and support services(1)	8,412.0	8,780.6	8,719.1	8,670.2	8,370.4	8,583.3	8,570.6	8,628.2	57.6
Employment services(1)	3,638.5	3,742.4	3,729.7	3,761.1	3,537.7	3,624.7	3,617.0	3,659.3	42.3
Temporary help services	2,957.9	3,038.7	3,025.0	3,049.8	2,863.3	2,935.4	2,923.4	2,957.8	34.4
Business support services	926.6	932.1	939.4	941.3	900.3	918.3	918.4	916.6	-1.8
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,871.2	2,063.1	2,017.6	1,931.8	1,952.0	2,012.8	2,010.0	2,012.9	2.9
Waste management and remediation services	385.1	400.8	401.0	399.6	389.0	399.7	401.7	403.4	1.7

Education and health services	21,893	22,465	22,567	22,552	21,718	22,264	22,314	22,373	59
Educational services	3,545.3	3,641.6	3,680.4	3,613.6	3,439.9	3,486.3	3,496.9	3,503.5	6.6
Health care and social assistance	18,347.4	18,823.6	18,886.5	18,938.3	18,277.7	18,777.2	18,817.0	18,869.6	52.6
Health care(3)	14,914.6	15,302.4	15,345.6	15,389.8	14,863.7	15,269.7	15,299.0	15,338.4	39.4
Ambulatory health care services(1)	6,794.5	7,015.3	7,031.1	7,052.1	6,766.9	6,992.7	7,001.5	7,024.9	23.4
Offices of physicians	2,516.6	2,590.2	2,596.6	2,605.4	2,501.8	2,583.3	2,587.5	2,591.3	3.8
Outpatient care centers	728.6	752.8	756.5	760.9	726.5	752.6	755.3	758.8	3.5
Home health care services	1,297.5	1,353.4	1,356.5	1,356.2	1,289.6	1,344.1	1,344.4	1,348.1	3.7
Hospitals	4,825.9	4,970.2	4,988.4	4,998.9	4,815.6	4,960.5	4,975.5	4,987.8	12.3
Nursing and residential care facilities(1)	3,294.2	3,316.9	3,326.1	3,338.8	3,281.2	3,316.5	3,322.0	3,325.7	3.7
Nursing care facilities	1,657.2	1,663.5	1,668.4	1,671.8	1,653.4	1,662.3	1,664.4	1,666.9	2.5
Social assistance(1)	3,432.8	3,521.2	3,540.9	3,548.5	3,414.0	3,507.5	3,518.0	3,531.2	13.2
Child day care services	874.0	893.7	898.9	893.1	860.4	878.4	880.2	880.4	0.2

Leisure and hospitality	14,597	15,264	15,066	15,027	14,948	15,291	15,338	15,367	29
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,967.2	2,147.8	2,039.3	2,023.7	2,133.2	2,181.8	2,193.3	2,190.1	-3.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	440.6	488.2	460.7	458.6	459.3	480.0	477.4	478.0	0.6
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	138.5	148.6	142.3	141.0	145.2	148.0	146.9	147.8	0.9
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,388.1	1,511.0	1,436.3	1,424.1	1,528.7	1,553.8	1,569.0	1,564.3	-4.7
Accommodation and food services	12,629.3	13,116.5	13,027.0	13,003.7	12,814.7	13,109.2	13,144.6	13,176.7	32.1
Accommodation	1,829.1	1,892.8	1,847.4	1,835.7	1,896.9	1,902.4	1,906.4	1,901.6	-4.8
Food services and drinking places	10,800.2	11,223.7	11,179.6	11,168.0	10,917.8	11,206.8	11,238.2	11,275.1	36.9

Other services	5,589	5,653	5,654	5,659	5,611	5,654	5,668	5,679	11
Repair and maintenance	1,243.0	1,280.2	1,275.8	1,275.4	1,253.3	1,276.5	1,280.5	1,284.6	4.1
Personal and laundry services	1,380.9	1,399.9	1,399.6	1,405.8	1,380.7	1,400.2	1,402.2	1,405.8	3.6
Membership associations and organizations	2,965.3	2,972.4	2,978.7	2,977.9	2,976.5	2,977.2	2,985.7	2,988.6	2.9

Government	22,261	22,345	22,462	22,371	21,902	21,972	21,984	22,001	17
Federal	2,744.0	2,734.0	2,741.0	2,766.0	2,732.0	2,740.0	2,745.0	2,749.0	4.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,133.0	2,141.1	2,142.3	2,144.1	2,134.6	2,142.9	2,145.3	2,145.6	0.3
U.S. Postal Service	611.3	593.1	598.9	621.7	597.6	596.6	599.3	603.7	4.4
State government	5,194.0	5,269.0	5,286.0	5,232.0	5,079.0	5,104.0	5,107.0	5,113.0	6.0
State government education	2,555.0	2,628.6	2,649.1	2,593.5	2,430.5	2,456.3	2,460.0	2,464.8	4.8
State government, excluding education	2,639.1	2,640.6	2,636.4	2,638.9	2,648.9	2,647.3	2,646.6	2,648.4	1.8
Local government	14,323.0	14,342.0	14,435.0	14,373.0	14,091.0	14,128.0	14,132.0	14,139.0	7.0
Local government education	8,109.7	8,040.7	8,136.7	8,102.2	7,796.7	7,790.8	7,789.5	7,789.3	-0.2
Local government, excluding education	6,213.5	6,300.8	6,297.9	6,270.4	6,294.1	6,337.1	6,342.9	6,350.1	7.2
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.6	34.6	34.5	34.5
Goods-producing	40.6	40.5	40.3	40.5
Mining and logging	44.9	44.1	44.2	44.3
Construction	39.2	39.7	39.1	39.7
Manufacturing	40.9	40.7	40.7	40.6
Durable goods	41.4	41.0	41.1	41.1
Nondurable goods	40.2	40.2	40.0	39.8
Private service-providing	33.4	33.4	33.4	33.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.6	34.6	34.6	34.6
Wholesale trade	38.9	38.9	38.8	38.9
Retail trade	31.4	31.4	31.4	31.3
Transportation and warehousing	39.0	38.8	38.9	39.1
Utilities	42.2	42.6	42.7	42.3
Information	36.3	36.1	36.1	35.9
Financial activities	37.4	37.7	37.6	37.6
Professional and business services	36.3	36.2	36.2	36.3
Education and health services	32.7	32.8	32.8	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	26.3	26.3	26.3	26.3
Other services	31.8	31.9	31.8	31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.6	3.3	3.2	3.3
Durable goods	3.6	3.2	3.2	3.3
Nondurable goods	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)
Total private	$24.62	$25.20	$25.25	$25.24	$851.85	$871.92	$871.13	$870.78
Goods-producing	25.77	26.38	26.45	26.43	1,046.26	1,068.39	1,065.94	1,070.42
Mining and logging	30.70	31.35	31.71	31.27	1,378.43	1,382.54	1,401.58	1,385.26
Construction	26.81	27.52	27.62	27.59	1,050.95	1,092.54	1,079.94	1,095.32
Manufacturing	24.87	25.45	25.50	25.49	1,017.18	1,035.82	1,037.85	1,034.89
Durable goods	26.21	26.74	26.75	26.74	1,085.09	1,096.34	1,099.43	1,099.01
Nondurable goods	22.49	23.21	23.30	23.30	904.10	933.04	932.00	927.34
Private service-providing	24.34	24.92	24.96	24.96	812.96	832.33	833.66	833.66
Trade, transportation, and utilities	21.49	22.01	21.99	22.02	743.55	761.55	760.85	761.89
Wholesale trade	28.19	28.90	28.83	28.80	1,096.59	1,124.21	1,118.60	1,120.32
Retail trade	17.12	17.69	17.65	17.71	537.57	555.47	554.21	554.32
Transportation and warehousing	22.88	22.93	23.01	22.99	892.32	889.68	895.09	898.91
Utilities	35.94	37.58	37.93	37.60	1,516.67	1,600.91	1,619.61	1,590.48
Information	34.35	35.34	35.57	35.65	1,246.91	1,275.77	1,284.08	1,279.84
Financial activities	31.05	31.73	31.85	31.94	1,161.27	1,196.22	1,197.56	1,200.94
Professional and business services	29.48	30.27	30.35	30.24	1,070.12	1,095.77	1,098.67	1,097.71
Education and health services	24.90	25.39	25.47	25.42	814.23	832.79	835.42	833.78
Leisure and hospitality	14.10	14.45	14.46	14.50	370.83	380.04	380.30	381.35
Other services	22.17	22.50	22.53	22.55	705.01	717.75	716.45	719.35
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Industry	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2015 - Dec. 2015(p)	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2015 - Dec. 2015(p)
Total private	102.7	104.4	104.3	104.6	0.3	120.6	125.6	125.7	126.0	0.2
Goods-producing	90.1	90.3	90.0	90.7	0.8	105.0	107.6	107.6	108.3	0.7
Mining and logging	128.8	111.0	109.7	108.9	-0.7	158.8	139.7	139.7	136.7	-2.1
Construction	84.8	88.2	87.5	89.5	2.3	98.8	105.5	105.0	107.3	2.2
Manufacturing	90.5	90.2	90.2	90.1	-0.1	104.7	106.8	107.0	106.8	-0.2
Durable goods	90.7	89.8	89.9	89.9	0.0	105.6	106.6	106.8	106.7	-0.1
Nondurable goods	90.7	91.1	90.8	90.7	-0.1	103.5	107.3	107.4	107.2	-0.2
Private service-providing	106.0	108.1	108.3	108.6	0.3	125.1	130.6	131.1	131.4	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	100.4	101.7	101.9	102.0	0.1	116.1	120.5	120.6	120.9	0.2
Wholesale trade	99.7	100.6	100.5	100.8	0.3	117.3	121.4	121.0	121.2	0.2
Retail trade	98.8	100.4	100.6	100.3	-0.3	111.9	117.4	117.3	117.4	0.1
Transportation and warehousing	105.8	106.4	107.1	108.1	0.9	122.8	123.8	125.0	126.2	1.0
Utilities	101.9	104.3	104.9	104.2	-0.7	121.0	129.5	131.4	129.4	-1.5
Information	91.7	92.6	92.3	92.4	0.1	112.2	116.6	117.0	117.2	0.2
Financial activities	98.6	100.9	100.8	100.9	0.1	119.4	124.8	125.2	125.7	0.4
Professional and business services	111.0	113.6	113.7	114.4	0.6	132.6	139.3	139.8	140.2	0.3
Education and health services	114.0	117.2	117.5	117.8	0.3	133.7	140.2	140.9	141.0	0.1
Leisure and hospitality	112.2	114.7	115.1	115.3	0.2	127.6	133.8	134.3	134.9	0.4
Other services	98.9	99.9	99.9	100.4	0.5	124.4	127.6	127.7	128.5	0.6
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
Industry	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	69,330	70,511	70,609	70,750	49.3	49.4	49.4	49.4
Total private	56,809	57,926	58,018	58,139	47.9	48.0	48.0	48.0
Goods-producing	4,265	4,277	4,280	4,286	21.9	21.9	21.8	21.8
Mining and logging	123	112	110	110	13.5	14.0	13.9	14.1
Construction	796	805	807	807	12.7	12.5	12.4	12.3
Manufacturing	3,346	3,360	3,363	3,369	27.2	27.3	27.3	27.3
Durable goods	1,798	1,813	1,813	1,813	23.1	23.3	23.3	23.3
Nondurable goods	1,548	1,547	1,550	1,556	34.3	34.1	34.1	34.1
Private service-providing	52,544	53,649	53,738	53,853	53.0	53.0	53.0	53.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,780	10,948	10,958	10,957	40.4	40.5	40.5	40.4
Wholesale trade	1,715.0	1,739.4	1,743.1	1,740.0	29.2	29.3	29.4	29.3
Retail trade	7,816.5	7,941.4	7,940.1	7,938.5	50.4	50.5	50.4	50.3
Transportation and warehousing	1,114.0	1,132.1	1,139.1	1,142.2	23.5	23.6	23.7	23.6
Utilities	134.1	135.3	135.6	136.6	24.0	23.9	23.9	24.0
Information	1,112	1,123	1,123	1,126	40.2	40.0	40.1	40.0
Financial activities	4,611	4,667	4,676	4,685	57.3	57.1	57.1	57.2
Professional and business services	8,658	8,914	8,918	8,952	44.5	44.7	44.7	44.7
Education and health services	16,695	17,139	17,171	17,220	76.9	77.0	77.0	77.0
Leisure and hospitality	7,750	7,903	7,930	7,947	51.8	51.7	51.7	51.7
Other services	2,938	2,955	2,962	2,966	52.4	52.3	52.3	52.2
Government	12,521	12,585	12,591	12,611	57.2	57.3	57.3	57.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)
Total private	97,923	99,507	99,678	99,942
Goods-producing	14,051	14,120	14,147	14,196
Mining and logging	669	582	574	570
Construction	4,719	4,864	4,901	4,944
Manufacturing	8,663	8,674	8,672	8,682
Durable goods	5,361	5,365	5,359	5,361
Nondurable goods	3,302	3,309	3,313	3,321
Private service-providing	83,872	85,387	85,531	85,746
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22,478	22,714	22,771	22,807
Wholesale trade	4,740.9	4,756.5	4,762.6	4,767.4
Retail trade	13,186.9	13,356.8	13,383.9	13,395.4
Transportation and warehousing	4,100.2	4,147.9	4,169.2	4,187.5
Utilities	450.0	452.8	455.1	456.3
Information	2,245	2,281	2,274	2,285
Financial activities	6,213	6,322	6,336	6,342
Professional and business services	16,025	16,361	16,365	16,454
Education and health services	19,069	19,543	19,580	19,630
Leisure and hospitality	13,172	13,465	13,491	13,507
Other services	4,670	4,701	4,714	4,721
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.8	33.7	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	41.6	41.4	41.2	41.3
Mining and logging	47.6	45.5	45.7	45.8
Construction	39.9	40.2	39.6	40.1
Manufacturing	42.1	41.7	41.7	41.7
Durable goods	42.4	42.0	42.0	42.1
Nondurable goods	41.6	41.4	41.3	41.1
Private service-providing	32.5	32.4	32.5	32.5
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.9	33.6	33.8	33.8
Wholesale trade	38.6	38.5	38.5	38.6
Retail trade	30.3	30.0	30.2	30.1
Transportation and warehousing	39.0	38.7	38.9	39.1
Utilities	42.2	42.3	42.7	42.6
Information	35.8	35.6	35.8	35.6
Financial activities	36.8	37.1	37.1	37.1
Professional and business services	35.7	35.4	35.5	35.5
Education and health services	32.0	32.1	32.1	32.1
Leisure and hospitality	25.2	25.0	25.0	25.1
Other services	30.8	30.7	30.7	30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.6	4.2	4.2	4.1
Durable goods	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.2
Nondurable goods	4.4	4.3	4.2	4.0
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
Industry	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)
Total private	$20.72	$21.18	$21.20	$21.22	$700.34	$713.77	$714.44	$715.11
Goods-producing	21.66	22.13	22.14	22.19	901.06	916.18	912.17	916.45
Mining and logging	26.63	26.63	26.62	26.51	1,267.59	1,211.67	1,216.53	1,214.16
Construction	24.78	25.36	25.43	25.46	988.72	1,019.47	1,007.03	1,020.95
Manufacturing	19.62	20.05	20.06	20.08	826.00	836.09	836.50	837.34
Durable goods	20.69	21.07	21.09	21.10	877.26	884.94	885.78	888.31
Nondurable goods	17.86	18.38	18.36	18.40	742.98	760.93	758.27	756.24
Private service-providing	20.52	20.98	21.00	21.02	666.90	679.75	682.50	683.15
Trade, transportation, and utilities	18.36	18.79	18.76	18.78	622.40	631.34	634.09	634.76
Wholesale trade	23.31	23.78	23.76	23.78	899.77	915.53	914.76	917.91
Retail trade	14.43	14.97	14.91	14.95	437.23	449.10	450.28	450.00
Transportation and warehousing	20.74	20.74	20.79	20.73	808.86	802.64	808.73	810.54
Utilities	33.16	34.57	34.67	34.52	1,399.35	1,462.31	1,480.41	1,470.55
Information	28.46	29.02	29.45	29.53	1,018.87	1,033.11	1,054.31	1,051.27
Financial activities	25.00	25.52	25.58	25.62	920.00	946.79	949.02	950.50
Professional and business services	24.32	24.97	25.00	24.97	868.22	883.94	887.50	886.44
Education and health services	21.83	22.23	22.23	22.27	698.56	713.58	713.58	714.87
Leisure and hospitality	12.29	12.51	12.53	12.56	309.71	312.75	313.25	315.26
Other services	18.71	19.01	19.03	19.07	576.27	583.61	584.22	585.45
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Industry	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2015 - Dec. 2015(p)	Dec. 2014	Oct. 2015	Nov. 2015(p)	Dec. 2015(p)	Percent change from: Nov. 2015 - Dec. 2015(p)
Total private	110.3	111.8	111.9	112.2	0.3	152.7	158.2	158.6	159.2	0.4
Goods-producing	89.3	89.3	89.1	89.6	0.6	118.5	121.1	120.8	121.7	0.7
Mining and logging	169.2	140.7	139.4	138.7	-0.5	262.1	217.9	215.8	213.9	-0.9
Construction	94.3	97.9	97.2	99.3	2.2	126.1	134.1	133.4	136.5	2.3
Manufacturing	83.7	83.0	83.0	83.1	0.1	107.4	108.9	108.9	109.1	0.2
Durable goods	85.4	84.7	84.6	84.8	0.2	110.3	111.4	111.4	111.7	0.3
Nondurable goods	80.9	80.7	80.6	80.4	-0.2	102.1	104.8	104.6	104.6	0.0
Private service-providing	116.1	117.9	118.4	118.7	0.3	163.4	169.5	170.5	171.1	0.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	106.2	106.4	107.3	107.5	0.2	139.1	142.6	143.6	144.0	0.3
Wholesale trade	107.8	107.8	108.0	108.4	0.4	148.0	151.1	151.1	151.8	0.5
Retail trade	101.1	101.4	102.3	102.1	-0.2	125.1	130.1	130.7	130.8	0.1
Transportation and warehousing	120.4	120.8	122.1	123.2	0.9	158.4	159.0	161.0	162.1	0.7
Utilities	97.1	97.9	99.4	99.4	0.0	134.4	141.3	143.8	143.2	-0.4
Information	91.7	92.7	92.9	92.8	-0.1	129.2	133.2	135.5	135.7	0.1
Financial activities	107.6	110.4	110.7	110.8	0.1	165.5	173.4	174.2	174.6	0.2
Professional and business services	128.2	129.8	130.2	130.9	0.5	185.6	192.9	193.7	194.5	0.4
Education and health services	130.2	133.9	134.2	134.5	0.2	187.6	196.4	196.7	197.6	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	121.6	123.3	123.5	124.2	0.6	169.7	175.2	175.8	177.1	0.7
Other services	100.9	101.2	101.5	101.6	0.1	137.5	140.2	140.7	141.2	0.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Last Modified Date: January 08, 2016

Employment status, sex, and age	2014	2015
Employment status, sex, and age	Dec.	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May	June	July	Aug.	Sept.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	249,027	249,723	249,899	250,080	250,266	250,455	250,663	250,876	251,096	251,325	251,541	251,747	251,936
Civilian labor force	156,142	157,025	156,878	156,890	157,032	157,367	156,984	157,115	157,061	156,867	157,096	157,367	157,833
Participation rate	62.7	62.9	62.8	62.7	62.7	62.8	62.6	62.6	62.6	62.4	62.5	62.5	62.6
Employed	147,439	148,104	148,231	148,333	148,509	148,748	148,722	148,866	149,043	148,942	149,197	149,444	149,929
Employment-population ratio	59.2	59.3	59.3	59.3	59.3	59.4	59.3	59.3	59.4	59.3	59.3	59.4	59.5
Unemployed	8,704	8,920	8,646	8,557	8,523	8,619	8,262	8,249	8,018	7,925	7,899	7,924	7,904
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.3	5.1	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	111,875	112,117	112,209	112,304	112,400	112,498	112,605	112,714	112,825	112,940	113,049	113,149	113,241
Civilian labor force	80,322	80,737	80,769	80,731	80,836	80,855	80,651	80,752	80,642	80,578	80,660	80,623	80,927
Participation rate	71.8	72.0	72.0	71.9	71.9	71.9	71.6	71.6	71.5	71.3	71.3	71.3	71.5
Employed	76,085	76,472	76,575	76,647	76,773	76,807	76,762	76,871	76,865	76,775	76,857	76,823	77,119
Employment-population ratio	68.0	68.2	68.2	68.3	68.3	68.3	68.2	68.2	68.1	68.0	68.0	67.9	68.1
Unemployed	4,237	4,265	4,194	4,084	4,063	4,048	3,890	3,880	3,776	3,803	3,803	3,800	3,808
Unemployment rate	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.0	4.8	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	120,557	120,970	121,060	121,152	121,246	121,342	121,445	121,551	121,660	121,773	121,880	121,979	122,071
Civilian labor force	70,106	70,491	70,335	70,364	70,453	70,712	70,657	70,783	70,805	70,679	70,833	71,139	71,069
Participation rate	58.2	58.3	58.1	58.1	58.1	58.3	58.2	58.2	58.2	58.0	58.1	58.3	58.2
Employed	66,597	66,932	66,866	66,909	66,972	67,175	67,302	67,323	67,504	67,465	67,624	67,891	67,911
Employment-population ratio	55.2	55.3	55.2	55.2	55.2	55.4	55.4	55.4	55.5	55.4	55.5	55.7	55.6
Unemployed	3,509	3,559	3,469	3,455	3,481	3,538	3,355	3,460	3,301	3,214	3,209	3,249	3,157
Unemployment rate	5.0	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.9	5.0	4.7	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population(1)	16,595	16,636	16,630	16,624	16,619	16,615	16,613	16,611	16,611	16,612	16,612	16,619	16,624
Civilian labor force	5,715	5,797	5,774	5,794	5,743	5,800	5,676	5,581	5,615	5,610	5,603	5,605	5,837
Participation rate	34.4	34.8	34.7	34.9	34.6	34.9	34.2	33.6	33.8	33.8	33.7	33.7	35.1
Employed	4,757	4,700	4,790	4,777	4,763	4,766	4,659	4,672	4,674	4,702	4,715	4,729	4,899
Employment-population ratio	28.7	28.3	28.8	28.7	28.7	28.7	28.0	28.1	28.1	28.3	28.4	28.5	29.5
Unemployed	957	1,096	984	1,018	980	1,033	1,018	909	941	908	887	875	938
Unemployment rate	16.8	18.9	17.0	17.6	17.1	17.8	17.9	16.3	16.8	16.2	15.8	15.6	16.1
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.