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Manufacturing: NAICS 31-33

About the Manufacturing sector

The manufacturing sector is part of the goods-producing industries supersector group.

The Manufacturing sector comprises establishments engaged in the mechanical, physical, or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products.

Establishments in the Manufacturing sector are often described as plants, factories, or mills and characteristically use power-driven machines and materials-handling equipment. However, establishments that transform materials or substances into new products by hand or in the worker's home and those engaged in selling to the general public products made on the same premises from which they are sold, such as bakeries, candy stores, and custom tailors, may also be included in this sector. Manufacturing establishments may process materials or may contract with other establishments to process their materials for them. Both types of establishments are included in manufacturing.

North American Industry Classification System

The manufacturing sector consists of these subsectors:

Workforce Statistics

This section provides information relating to employment and unemployment in manufacturing. While most data are obtained from employer or establishment surveys, information on industry unemployment comes from a national survey of households. The following tables present an overview of the industry including the number of jobs, the unemployment rate of those previously employed in the industry, job openings and labor turnover, union membership and representation, gross job gains and losses, data for occupations common to the industry, and projections of occupational employment change.

Employment, Unemployment, and Openings, Hires, and Separations

Data series Back
data
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023

Employment (in thousands)

Employment, all employees (seasonally adjusted)

12,968 12,974 (p)12,987 (p)12,983

Employment, production and nonsupervisory employees (seasonally adjusted)

9,114 9,124 (p)9,136 (p)9,139

Unemployment

Unemployment rate

2.7% 1.8% 2.6% 3.0%

Job openings, hires, and separations (in thousands)

Job openings

811 730 (p)791  

Hires

348 281 (p)423  

Separations

325 317 (p)386  

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

(Source: Current Employment Statistics, Current Population Survey, Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey)

Union Membership and Representation

Data series Back
data
2019 2020 2021 2022

Union membership and representation

Members of unions (percent of wage and salary workers)

8.6% 8.5% 7.7% 7.8%

Represented by unions (percent of wage and salary workers)

9.4% 9.3% 8.5% 8.6%

(Source: Current Population Survey)

Dynamic Changes in Employment

Data series Back
data
3rd quarter
2021
4th quarter
2021
1st quarter
2022
2nd quarter
2022

Dynamic changes in employment (in thousands)

Gross job gains

487 571 478 464

Gross job losses

415 347 348 461

(Source: Business Employment Dynamics)

Employment by Occupation

Data series Employment,
2021

Helpers--production workers

136,260

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

359,350

Machinists

279,310

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products

104,160

Team assemblers

987,440

(Source: Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics)

Projections

For projected (future) employment estimates, see the National Employment Matrix, which includes employment estimates by industry and occupation for manufacturing.

(Source: Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections)

Earnings and Hours

This section presents data on employee earnings and weekly hours. The latest industry averages of hourly earnings and weekly hours, as well as weekly earnings by union membership status, are shown. In addition, recent hourly and annual earnings are shown for occupations commonly found in manufacturing. This section also contains information on the average cost of benefits paid by employers, as well as recent rates of change in wages and total compensation.

Earnings and Hours of All Employees

Data series Back
data
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023

Average hourly earnings

$31.40 $31.47 (p)$31.63 (p)$31.62

Average weekly hours

40.2 40.1 (p)40.5 (p)40.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

(Source: Current Employment Statistics)

Earnings and Hours of Production and Nonsupervisory Employees

Data series Back
data
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023

Average hourly earnings

$25.60 $25.67 (p)$25.83 (p)$25.80

Average weekly hours

40.8 40.6 (p)40.9 (p)40.7

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

(Source: Current Employment Statistics)

Earnings by Occupation

Data series Wages, 2021
Hourly Annual
Median Mean Median Mean

Helpers--production workers

$15.43 $16.36 $32,100 $34,020

Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers

$19.24 $21.63 $40,020 $44,990

Machinists

$22.95 $23.40 $47,730 $48,660

Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products

$30.65 $34.62 $63,760 $72,010

Team assemblers

$18.01 $19.05 $37,460 $39,620

(Source: Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics)

Employee Benefits

This section presents data on the incidence (the percentage of workers with access to and participation in employer-provided benefit plans) and provisions of selected employee benefits from the National Compensation Survey. More Benefits estimates are also accessible from the Benefits database, the archived NCS publications page, and the complete Employee Benefits Excel dataset (XLSX).

Data series Access Participation
Back
data
2022 Back
data
2022

Private industry

Retirement benefit plans

84 70

Defined benefit plans

21 16

Defined contribution plans

83 68

(Source: Employee Benefits in the United States)

Data series After 1 year of service After 20 years of service
Back
data
2021 Back
data
2021

Mean number of vacation days for private industry workers without consolidated leave plans

8 18

(Source: Employee Benefits in the United States)

Data series Back
data
2022

Percent of private industry workers with access to employer-sponsored benefits

Health care

90

Paid vacation

95

Paid sick leave

79

(Source: Employee Benefits in the United States)

Employer Compensation Costs

Data series Back
data
1st quarter
2022
2nd quarter
2022
3rd quarter
2022
4th quarter
2022

Private industry

12-month percent change

Total compensation

4.9% 5.1% 4.6% 4.7%

Wages and salaries

4.9% 4.9% 5.2% 5.1%

3-month percent change

Total compensation

1.9% 1.2% 0.7% 0.8%

Wages and salaries

1.6% 1.3% 1.2% 0.9%

(Source: Compensation Cost Trends)

Data series Private industry
Compensation component
($ per hour worked)
Percent of total compensation
Back
data
4th quarter 2022 Back
data
4th quarter 2022

Total compensation

42.78 100.0

Wages and salaries

28.38 66.3

Total benefits

14.40 33.7

Insurance

4.10 9.6

Retirement

1.64 3.8

Paid leave

3.22 7.5

(Source: Compensation Cost Trends)

Union Membership and Representation

Data series Back
data
Median weekly earnings
2019 2020 2021 2022

Union membership and representation

Full-time workers

$936 $1,008 $1,033 $1,102

Members of unions

$962 $1,016 $1,016 $1,116

Represented by unions

$962 $1,012 $1,015 $1,126

Nonunion

$933 $1,008 $1,036 $1,098

(Source: Current Population Survey)

Work-related Fatalities, Injuries, and Illnesses

This section presents data for the industry on the number of workplace fatalities and the rates of workplace injuries and illnesses per 100 full-time workers in manufacturing. An injury or illness is considered to be work-related if an event or exposure in the work environment either caused or contributed to the resulting condition or significantly aggravated a pre-existing condition.

Data series 2018 2019 2020 2021

Fatalities

Number of fatalities

343 336 341 384

Blank cells indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria.

Data series 2021

Rate of injury and illness cases per 100 full-time workers

Total recordable cases

3.3

Cases involving days away from work, job restriction, or transfer

2.1

Cases involving days away from work

1.2

Cases involving days of job transfer or restriction

1.0

Blank cells indicate no data reported or data that do not meet publication criteria.

(Source: Injuries, Illnesses, and Fatalities)

Prices

This section provides industry-specific pricing information. The producer price index measures the percentage change in prices that domestic producers receive for goods and services. The prices included in the producer price index are from the first commercial transaction. The import price index reflects the percentage change in prices paid to foreign producers for their goods and services within the U.S., while the export price index measures the percentage change in prices received by U.S. producers for goods and services sold outside the U.S.

Data series Back
data
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Feb.
2023

Producer price index

(p)252.913 (p)245.164 (p)249.252 (p)249.589

Percent change from previous month

  (p)-0.4% (p)-3.1% (p)1.7% (p)0.1%

Import index

(r)123.1 123.5 (r)123.0 123.2

Percent change from previous month

  (r)-0.7% (r)0.3% (r)-0.4% (r)0.2%

Export index

136.5 133.5 (r)134.6 135.2

Percent change from previous month

  -0.5% -2.2% (r)0.8% (r)0.4%

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary
(r) Revised

(Source: Producer Price Indexes, International Price Program)

Workplace Trends

This section presents data on the number of establishments and the number of establishments experiencing job gains or job losses in manufacturing. Also included in this section is information on productivity and costs, presented as indexes and changes in output per hour and unit labor costs.

Establishments

Data series Back
data
4th quarter
2021
1st quarter
2022
2nd quarter
2022
3rd quarter
2022

Number of establishments

Private industry

371,366 (p)376,259 (p)379,411 (p)382,316

Local government

44 (p)44 (p)43 (p)43

State government

24 (p)24 (p)24 (p)24

Federal government

53 (p)57 (p)59 (p)62

Establishments with changes in employment (in thousands)

With job gains (seasonally adjusted)

111 105 99  

With job losses (seasonally adjusted)

87 91 100  

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

(Source: Business Employment Dynamics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages)

Productivity

Data series Back
data
1st quarter
2022
2nd quarter
2022
3rd quarter
2022
4th quarter
2022

Output per hour index (seasonally adjusted)

(r)97.540 (r)98.148 (r)97.172 (r)96.516

Percent change from previous quarter

-3.3 (r)2.5 (r)-3.9 (r)-2.7

Hours index (seasonally adjusted)

(r)105.325 (r)105.516 (r)106.361 (r)106.260

Percent change from previous quarter

(r)7.2 0.7 (r)3.2 (r)-0.4

Output index (seasonally adjusted)

102.734 103.562 (r)103.353 (r)102.558

Percent change from previous quarter

3.7 3.3 (r)-0.8 (r)-3.0

Unit labor costs (seasonally adjusted)

(r)132.565 (r)132.869 (r)136.716 (r)139.266

Percent change from previous quarter

4.9 0.9 (r)12.1 (r)7.7

Footnotes
(r) Revised

(Source: Productivity and Costs)

 

Data extracted on: March 21, 2023