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Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey
HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
45. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by occupation and industry
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation and industry2018
Workers paid hourly rates
TotalBelow
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below prevailing
Federal minimum
wage
NumberPercent of
hourly-paid
workers

Total wage and salary workers

81,9151,2764341,7112.1

OCCUPATION

Management, professional, and related occupations

19,0406426900.5

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

5,725242270.5

Management occupations

3,401141150.5

Business and financial operations occupations

2,325101110.5

Professional and related occupations

13,3143924630.5

Computer and mathematical occupations

1,19194131.1

Architecture and engineering occupations

1,0083030.3

Life, physical, and social science occupations

4450440.9

Community and social service occupations

1,0574370.6

Legal occupations

3960000.1

Education, training, and library occupations

2,75688170.6

Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations

9936390.9

Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations

5,46891100.2

Service occupations

19,5091,0232061,2296.3

Healthcare support occupations

2,997455501.7

Protective service occupations

2,067299381.8

Food preparation and serving related occupations

7,14183713196813.6

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations

4,0234223651.6

Personal care and service occupations

3,28171371083.3

Sales and office occupations

20,183751502261.1

Sales and related occupations

8,046351051401.7

Office and administrative support occupations

12,1374046860.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

9,369328390.4

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

7543250.7

Construction and extraction occupations

5,188140140.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

3,426156200.6

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

13,81483451270.9

Production occupations

6,9812617430.6

Transportation and material moving occupations

6,8335728841.2

INDUSTRY

Private sector

72,2341,2194031,6222.2

Agriculture and related industries

9085160.7

Nonagricultural industries

71,3261,2154011,6162.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

4241010.3

Construction

5,502111120.2

Manufacturing

9,4074319620.7

Durable goods

5,837224260.4

Nondurable goods

3,5702114361.0

Wholesale and retail trade

12,98854951491.1

Wholesale trade

1,6864260.4

Retail trade

11,30250931431.3

Transportation and utilities

3,742233260.7

Transportation and warehousing

3,209223250.8

Utilities

5331010.1

Information(1)

1,11885121.1

Publishing, except Internet

1481021.1

Motion pictures and sound recording industries

1843363.4

Radio and television broadcasting and cable subscription programming

2440110.5

Telecommunications

4352020.5

Financial activities

3,599135180.5

Finance and insurance

2,54382110.4

Finance

1,5867290.6

Insurance

9571120.2

Real estate and rental and leasing

1,0565270.7

Professional and business services

6,8125921801.2

Professional and technical services

3,035172180.6

Management, administrative, and waste services

3,7774219621.6

Education and health services

14,26285461320.9

Educational services

1,9021117281.5

Health care and social assistance

12,36074301040.8

Leisure and hospitality

9,9598681811,04910.5

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,5984319613.8

Accommodation and food services

8,36182516398711.8

Accommodation

1,031295343.3

Food services and drinking places

7,33079615795413.0

Other services

3,5145025752.1

Other services, except private households

2,9423520551.9

Private households

573156203.5

Public sector

9,6815732890.9

Federal government

1,85393120.6

State government

2,9141321341.2

Local government

4,913358430.9

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.

NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $7.25 per hour in 2018. Data are for wage and salary workers; all self-employed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. The data refer to a person's earnings on the sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. Hourly earnings for hourly-paid workers do not include overtime pay, commissions, or tips received. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents may have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

 

Last Modified Date: January 18, 2019