Table 2.2 Hourly direct pay in manufacturing, U.S. dollars, 1996-2011 Country or Area 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 United States 17.73 18.20 18.62 19.14 19.87 20.68 21.54 22.27 22.78 23.40 23.62 24.37 25.09 25.96 26.26 26.87 Argentina 5.95 6.13 6.51 6.67 6.78 6.91 2.48 3.02 3.73 4.55 5.48 6.64 8.29 8.45 10.55 13.14 Australia 15.77 15.47 13.98 14.72 13.37 12.10 13.82 17.86 21.02 22.47 23.10 26.51 28.52 26.63 31.75 37.04 Austria 20.53 18.17 18.37 18.13 16.06 16.06 17.37 21.16 23.34 24.20 25.10 28.41 31.87 31.69 29.73 32.09 Belgium 22.58 19.95 20.20 19.83 17.65 17.84 19.24 24.35 27.83 28.37 29.20 32.43 36.57 35.50 34.40 37.12 Brazil 4.69 4.70 4.46 2.83 2.94 2.44 2.08 2.17 2.60 3.37 4.05 4.82 5.70 5.52 6.86 7.93 Canada 15.72 15.65 15.09 15.21 15.67 15.07 15.04 17.39 19.38 21.42 23.10 25.39 25.92 23.53 27.48 29.07 Czech Republic 2.50 2.39 2.61 2.57 2.48 2.73 3.35 4.10 4.76 5.36 5.98 7.19 8.97 8.30 8.43 9.54 Denmark NA 22.95 23.40 23.55 21.03 21.36 23.28 28.75 32.20 33.17 34.39 39.83 44.63 43.84 43.31 46.70 Estonia NA NA NA NA 1.90 2.00 2.30 3.05 3.61 4.10 4.87 6.45 7.81 7.32 6.98 7.71 Finland 19.21 17.30 17.46 17.34 15.72 16.13 17.74 22.15 25.54 26.44 27.51 30.61 34.07 34.02 32.53 34.94 France 19.41 17.33 17.38 16.87 14.83 14.75 15.96 19.58 22.04 22.52 23.46 26.45 29.25 28.28 27.41 29.51 Germany 25.37 22.32 22.23 21.35 19.62 19.60 21.36 26.28 28.99 29.53 30.34 34.10 37.38 35.83 34.24 37.13 Greece 9.66 8.91 8.63 8.72 7.69 7.00 8.66 10.70 12.44 11.88 12.88 15.26 17.80 17.47 17.19 16.75 Hungary 2.06 2.04 2.09 2.12 2.06 2.36 2.96 3.70 4.43 4.84 5.02 6.33 7.14 6.39 6.39 7.01 Ireland 14.61 14.51 14.52 14.75 13.80 14.79 16.45 20.45 23.38 24.48 25.84 29.89 34.01 33.62 32.15 33.43 Israel 9.61 10.22 10.23 10.10 10.87 11.46 10.33 10.96 11.31 11.61 11.97 13.53 16.24 15.22 16.53 17.92 Italy 13.95 13.13 13.21 12.89 11.38 11.53 12.81 16.12 18.66 19.19 20.01 22.46 24.95 24.39 23.87 25.70 Japan 20.08 18.57 17.30 19.74 20.86 18.62 17.79 19.34 20.82 20.75 19.73 19.46 22.53 24.61 26.01 29.25 Korea, Republic of 7.87 7.08 4.85 6.05 7.01 6.65 7.77 8.87 10.16 12.26 14.29 15.84 13.64 12.10 14.25 15.21 Mexico 1.98 2.28 2.37 2.70 3.16 3.61 3.77 3.61 3.61 3.89 4.06 4.28 4.47 3.93 4.30 4.53 Netherlands NA 17.28 18.05 18.21 16.60 16.87 18.53 22.95 25.61 25.99 27.03 30.32 33.92 32.58 31.15 33.29 New Zealand 11.68 11.64 9.69 9.81 8.71 8.27 9.48 12.24 14.31 15.74 15.23 18.19 18.51 16.82 19.66 22.39 Norway NA 21.95 22.15 22.57 20.81 21.35 25.29 29.48 32.30 34.53 36.60 42.82 47.10 43.85 47.35 53.18 Philippines 1.22 1.16 0.89 0.96 0.91 0.89 0.93 0.94 1.00 1.09 1.23 1.46 1.60 1.55 1.72 1.84 Poland NA 2.20 2.41 2.90 2.88 3.31 3.43 3.70 4.03 4.74 5.25 6.52 8.24 6.63 7.13 7.58 Portugal 5.60 5.10 5.30 5.27 4.76 4.85 5.36 6.54 7.37 7.62 7.97 8.99 10.12 9.88 9.55 10.37 Singapore 9.28 9.50 9.11 9.38 9.90 10.23 10.19 10.70 11.20 11.36 11.76 13.37 15.95 14.72 16.02 18.96 Slovakia 1.88 1.96 2.01 1.83 1.83 1.93 2.31 3.08 3.78 4.24 4.75 6.16 7.73 8.02 7.77 8.58 Spain 11.55 10.42 10.58 10.42 9.30 9.36 10.36 13.00 14.75 15.41 16.17 18.31 20.62 20.46 19.70 21.22 Sweden 18.92 17.36 17.45 17.10 16.01 14.90 16.70 20.78 23.22 23.63 24.73 28.24 30.10 27.34 29.13 32.94 Switzerland 30.06 25.75 26.22 25.04 22.78 23.74 26.26 31.09 33.33 33.90 34.57 36.80 41.62 42.77 43.28 51.16 Taiwan 6.12 6.10 5.48 5.87 6.26 6.16 5.94 6.11 6.39 6.90 6.96 7.02 7.40 6.61 7.13 8.00 United Kingdom 14.54 15.92 17.17 17.56 17.09 17.31 18.70 21.38 24.44 25.44 26.69 30.05 29.13 25.09 24.79 26.04 Trade-Weighted Measures (1) All Foreign Countries (2) NA 12.67 12.37 12.64 #12.55 12.30 12.75 14.77 16.35 17.25 18.01 19.79 21.14 20.06 21.24 23.03 OECD (2) NA 13.36 13.07 13.40 #13.26 13.00 13.54 15.75 17.46 18.40 19.21 21.10 22.48 21.34 22.55 24.37 Europe (2) NA 17.88 18.20 17.91 #16.41 16.60 18.17 22.12 24.79 25.46 26.43 29.71 32.37 30.92 30.12 32.63 Euro Area (2) NA 18.02 18.14 17.74 #16.04 16.19 17.70 21.92 24.60 25.17 26.09 29.39 32.66 31.63 30.39 32.66 Eastern Europe (2) NA 2.19 2.35 2.52 #2.44 2.74 3.14 3.71 4.27 4.84 5.31 6.61 8.09 7.15 7.33 8.03 East Asia ex-Japan NA 6.89 5.68 6.35 6.98 6.87 7.27 7.88 8.62 9.68 10.64 11.67 11.45 10.30 11.64 12.95 'NA' means data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf (2) 1997-1999 data exclude Estonia Note: Direct pay includes pay for time worked (wages) and directly-paid benefits. For complete definitions, see the technical notes at www.bls.gov/ilc/ichcctn.pdf Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, December 2012