Table A. Level and rate of gross job gains and losses by firm size, second quarter 2023, seasonally adjusted (Levels in thousands) Size class (number of employees) Category Total 1 to 4 5 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 249 250 to 499 500 to 999 1,000 or more Gross job gains......... 6,450 944 673 736 884 559 611 378 323 1,342 At expanding firms.... 5,455 354 515 616 795 533 601 376 323 1,342 At opening firms...... 995 590 158 120 89 26 10 2 0 0 Gross job losses........ 6,167 961 686 736 854 514 523 328 294 1,271 At contracting firms.. 5,157 360 524 616 770 492 511 323 292 1,269 At closing firms...... 1,010 601 162 120 84 22 12 5 2 2 Net change.............. 283 -17 -13 0 30 45 88 50 29 71 Rate (percent of employment) Gross job gains......... 4.9 15.0 9.9 8.1 6.6 5.5 4.8 4.1 3.6 2.5 At expanding firms.... 4.1 5.6 7.6 6.8 5.9 5.2 4.7 4.1 3.6 2.5 At opening firms...... 0.8 9.4 2.3 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gross job losses........ 4.7 15.3 10.2 8.1 6.3 5.0 4.1 3.6 3.2 2.3 At contracting firms.. 3.9 5.7 7.8 6.8 5.7 4.8 4.0 3.5 3.2 2.3 At closing firms...... 0.8 9.6 2.4 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Net change.............. 0.2 -0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics