Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Administrative and Support Services (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September 3.0 12.4 10.1 2.3 9.4 7.6 1.8 December -1.8 10.2 8.2 2.0 12.0 9.7 2.3 1993 March -1.1 12.3 9.3 3.0 13.4 10.4 3.0 June 8.7 16.3 13.1 3.2 7.6 5.9 1.7 September 2.7 12.1 10.0 2.1 9.4 7.6 1.8 December -0.4 10.7 8.9 1.8 11.1 8.8 2.3 1994 March -0.1 12.8 9.9 2.9 12.9 9.5 3.4 June 7.6 15.5 12.4 3.1 7.9 6.2 1.7 September 3.1 12.1 9.8 2.3 9.0 7.5 1.5 December -0.7 10.1 8.3 1.8 10.8 8.9 1.9 1995 March -0.6 12.5 9.6 2.9 13.1 9.7 3.4 June 5.5 14.0 11.1 2.9 8.5 6.8 1.7 September 2.5 11.3 9.5 1.8 8.8 7.0 1.8 December -0.8 10.2 8.3 1.9 11.0 9.2 1.8 1996 March -2.1 13.0 9.9 3.1 15.1 11.6 3.5 June 7.0 15.2 11.9 3.3 8.2 6.5 1.7 September 3.0 12.4 10.2 2.2 9.4 7.6 1.8 December -0.5 10.4 8.5 1.9 10.9 9.0 1.9 1997 March -0.8 13.2 9.8 3.4 14.0 10.4 3.6 June 6.8 15.0 12.0 3.0 8.2 6.3 1.9 September 2.8 11.7 9.8 1.9 8.9 7.2 1.7 December -0.1 10.6 8.7 1.9 10.7 8.7 2.0 1998 March -2.2 12.7 9.4 3.3 14.9 10.8 4.1 June 6.4 15.0 11.7 3.3 8.6 6.9 1.7 September 1.6 10.9 9.0 1.9 9.3 7.6 1.7 December 0.1 10.1 8.1 2.0 10.0 8.4 1.6 1999 March -1.7 12.6 9.4 3.2 14.3 10.5 3.8 June 6.3 13.9 11.2 2.7 7.6 6.1 1.5 September 1.3 10.4 8.7 1.7 9.1 7.3 1.8 December 0.4 9.9 8.3 1.6 9.5 7.9 1.6 2000 March -1.8 11.6 9.0 2.6 13.4 10.5 2.9 June 5.0 13.1 10.7 2.4 8.1 6.4 1.7 September 1.0 10.0 8.2 1.8 9.0 7.4 1.6 December -2.5 8.6 7.0 1.6 11.1 9.4 1.7 2001 March -4.7 11.0 8.3 2.7 15.7 11.9 3.8 June 2.8 12.6 10.0 2.6 9.8 8.0 1.8 September -1.2 9.4 7.6 1.8 10.6 8.7 1.9 December -4.1 8.4 6.8 1.6 12.5 10.5 2.0 2002 March -2.9 11.9 9.0 2.9 14.8 11.2 3.6 June 5.4 14.1 11.0 3.1 8.7 6.8 1.9 September 1.4 10.9 9.2 1.7 9.5 7.7 1.8 December -2.6 8.8 7.3 1.5 11.4 9.6 1.8 2003 March -3.8 11.5 9.2 2.3 15.3 11.9 3.4 June 4.6 12.8 10.3 2.5 8.2 6.6 1.6 September 1.9 10.2 8.8 1.4 8.3 6.7 1.6 December -1.2 9.1 7.6 1.5 10.3 8.5 1.8 2004 March -3.0 10.9 8.9 2.0 13.9 10.8 3.1 June 7.2 14.5 11.9 2.6 7.3 5.7 1.6 September 0.9 9.6 8.1 1.5 8.7 7.1 1.6 December -0.8 9.0 7.5 1.5 9.8 8.1 1.7 2005 March -2.2 10.0 8.3 1.7 12.2 9.8 2.4 June 5.6 12.8 10.5 2.3 7.2 5.9 1.3 September 2.2 10.2 8.7 1.5 8.0 6.4 1.6 December -1.6 8.2 7.0 1.2 9.8 8.4 1.4 2006 March -1.5 9.1 7.4 1.7 10.6 8.7 1.9 June 5.2 12.0 9.9 2.1 6.8 5.6 1.2 September 0.8 8.4 7.3 1.1 7.6 6.5 1.1 December -1.8 7.8 6.6 1.2 9.6 8.3 1.3 2007 March -2.5 8.4 6.9 1.5 10.9 9.0 1.9 June 4.4 11.5 9.5 2.0 7.1 5.8 1.3 September 0.2 8.1 6.9 1.2 7.9 6.7 1.2 December -1.9 7.9 6.7 1.2 9.8 8.5 1.3 2008 March -4.8 7.7 6.2 1.5 12.5 10.3 2.2 June 3.4 11.3 9.1 2.2 7.9 6.5 1.4 September -1.1 7.9 6.7 1.2 9.0 7.7 1.3 December -6.4 6.9 5.8 1.1 13.3 11.6 1.7 2009 March -8.6 6.6 5.2 1.4 15.2 12.8 2.4 June 2.6 11.4 9.2 2.2 8.8 7.3 1.5 September 0.4 8.8 7.6 1.2 8.4 7.1 1.3 December 0.2 9.4 8.2 1.2 9.2 7.7 1.5 2010 March -3.0 8.2 6.8 1.4 11.2 9.2 2.0 June 7.2 13.5 11.3 2.2 6.3 5.2 1.1 September 1.5 9.1 7.9 1.2 7.6 6.4 1.2 December 0.0 8.9 7.7 1.2 8.9 7.5 1.4 2011 March -2.4 8.4 7.0 1.4 10.8 9.0 1.8 June 5.3 12.0 10.0 2.0 6.7 5.6 1.1 September 2.3 9.3 8.0 1.3 7.0 6.0 1.0 December -1.6 8.0 6.9 1.1 9.6 8.2 1.4 2012 March -1.7 8.5 7.0 1.5 10.2 8.6 1.6 June 5.3 11.9 9.9 2.0 6.6 5.5 1.1 September 1.1 8.7 7.6 1.1 7.6 6.5 1.1 December -0.6 8.4 7.3 1.1 9.0 7.7 1.3 2013 March -2.5 7.8 6.5 1.3 10.3 8.6 1.7 June 5.0 11.5 9.6 1.9 6.5 5.5 1.0 September 1.5 8.6 7.5 1.1 7.1 6.1 1.0 December 0.0 8.6 7.6 1.0 8.6 7.4 1.2 2014 March -3.5 7.5 6.3 1.2 11.0 9.4 1.6 June 5.5 11.8 10.0 1.8 6.3 5.4 0.9 September 1.3 8.3 7.3 1.0 7.0 6.0 1.0 December 0.6 9.1 8.1 1.0 8.5 7.2 1.3 2015 March -4.3 7.2 6.0 1.2 11.5 10.0 1.5 June 4.8 11.4 9.5 1.9 6.6 5.6 1.0 September 1.2 8.3 7.1 1.2 7.1 6.1 1.0 December 0.9 9.3 8.1 1.2 8.4 7.2 1.2 2016 March -4.8 6.9 5.7 1.2 11.7 10.1 1.6 June 4.3 11.0 9.3 1.7 6.7 5.7 1.0 September 1.8 8.6 7.5 1.1 6.8 5.8 1.0 December -1.2 7.5 6.5 1.0 8.7 7.5 1.2 2017 March -3.4 7.2 6.0 1.2 10.6 9.0 1.6 June 4.4 11.1 9.4 1.7 6.7 5.7 1.0 September 0.5 8.0 7.0 1.0 7.5 6.5 1.0 December 0.0 8.3 7.3 1.0 8.3 7.1 1.2 2018 March -2.7 7.3 6.0 1.3 10.0 8.6 1.4 June 4.0 10.7 9.0 1.7 6.7 5.8 0.9 September 0.8 7.9 6.9 1.0 7.1 6.1 1.0 December -0.6 7.7 6.6 1.1 8.3 7.1 1.2 2019 March -3.7 6.9 5.7 1.2 10.6 9.0 1.6 June 4.1 10.8 9.0 1.8 6.7 5.7 1.0 September 0.4 7.5 6.5 1.0 7.1 6.2 0.9 December -0.7 7.8 6.8 1.0 8.5 7.3 1.2 2020 March -4.5 6.6 5.4 1.2 11.1 9.5 1.6 June -9.5 8.7 6.9 1.8 18.2 16.4 1.8 September 4.9 12.1 10.6 1.5 7.2 6.1 1.1 December 4.5 11.6 10.2 1.4 7.1 5.9 1.2 2021 March -2.1 8.2 6.8 1.4 10.3 8.8 1.5 June 3.1 11.0 9.0 2.0 7.9 6.9 1.0 September 2.0 9.4 8.1 1.3 7.4 6.3 1.1 December 3.4 10.7 9.3 1.4 7.3 6.1 1.2 2022 March -1.7 8.1 6.7 1.4 9.8 8.2 1.6 June 2.6 10.5 8.5 2.0 7.9 6.8 1.1 September 1.2 8.5 7.3 1.2 7.3 6.2 1.1 December -2.1 7.2 6.1 1.1 9.3 8.0 1.3 2023 March -2.8 7.3 6.1 1.2 10.1 8.5 1.6 June 1.6 9.5 7.8 1.7 7.9 6.8 1.1 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.