Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1), not seasonally adjusted Real Estate (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing establishments establishments establishments establishments 1992 September -0.8 8.0 5.7 2.3 8.8 6.6 2.2 December -0.3 8.5 5.9 2.6 8.8 7.1 1.7 1993 March -0.9 9.0 6.0 3.0 9.9 6.7 3.2 June 4.0 10.7 8.4 2.3 6.7 4.8 1.9 September -0.2 8.0 5.8 2.2 8.2 6.3 1.9 December 0.2 8.8 6.4 2.4 8.6 6.8 1.8 1994 March -1.6 9.3 6.1 3.2 10.9 7.7 3.2 June 3.2 10.6 8.1 2.5 7.4 5.1 2.3 September -0.5 8.1 5.8 2.3 8.6 6.5 2.1 December -0.8 8.2 5.9 2.3 9.0 7.1 1.9 1995 March -1.8 8.7 5.8 2.9 10.5 7.3 3.2 June 3.7 10.6 8.2 2.4 6.9 4.9 2.0 September -0.9 7.6 5.7 1.9 8.5 6.3 2.2 December -0.3 8.2 5.8 2.4 8.5 6.7 1.8 1996 March -1.3 8.9 6.1 2.8 10.2 6.7 3.5 June 3.6 10.7 8.1 2.6 7.1 4.9 2.2 September -0.6 7.9 5.7 2.2 8.5 6.4 2.1 December 0.3 8.7 6.1 2.6 8.4 6.5 1.9 1997 March -1.2 8.8 6.0 2.8 10.0 6.7 3.3 June 3.4 10.5 8.1 2.4 7.1 5.0 2.1 September -0.1 8.1 6.0 2.1 8.2 6.1 2.1 December 0.2 8.9 6.2 2.7 8.7 6.4 2.3 1998 March -0.9 10.0 6.7 3.3 10.9 6.7 4.2 June 3.7 11.3 8.2 3.1 7.6 5.1 2.5 September -0.2 8.1 5.8 2.3 8.3 5.9 2.4 December 0.7 8.8 6.2 2.6 8.1 6.0 2.1 1999 March -1.1 9.2 5.9 3.3 10.3 6.6 3.7 June 3.7 10.8 8.2 2.6 7.1 4.9 2.2 September -0.5 7.9 5.8 2.1 8.4 6.0 2.4 December 0.4 8.5 6.0 2.5 8.1 6.2 1.9 2000 March -1.4 8.7 5.9 2.8 10.1 6.7 3.4 June 3.5 10.0 7.8 2.2 6.5 4.7 1.8 September -0.6 7.4 5.5 1.9 8.0 6.0 2.0 December 0.6 8.2 5.8 2.4 7.6 5.8 1.8 2001 March -1.7 8.2 5.5 2.7 9.9 6.4 3.5 June 3.6 9.9 7.6 2.3 6.3 4.5 1.8 September -1.2 6.9 4.9 2.0 8.1 6.0 2.1 December 0.3 8.0 5.4 2.6 7.7 6.0 1.7 2002 March -1.5 7.9 5.5 2.4 9.4 6.1 3.3 June 3.6 9.8 7.2 2.6 6.2 4.3 1.9 September -0.2 7.2 5.1 2.1 7.4 5.5 1.9 December 0.6 7.9 5.4 2.5 7.3 5.6 1.7 2003 March -1.2 7.9 5.1 2.8 9.1 6.0 3.1 June 3.3 9.3 7.1 2.2 6.0 4.2 1.8 September -0.2 6.9 5.0 1.9 7.1 5.3 1.8 December 0.5 7.8 5.3 2.5 7.3 5.6 1.7 2004 March -0.9 8.0 5.4 2.6 8.9 5.7 3.2 June 3.3 9.5 7.0 2.5 6.2 4.2 2.0 September -0.1 7.4 5.2 2.2 7.5 5.3 2.2 December 1.1 8.4 5.4 3.0 7.3 5.6 1.7 2005 March -1.3 7.9 5.2 2.7 9.2 5.8 3.4 June 4.0 10.1 7.4 2.7 6.1 4.1 2.0 September 0.5 7.8 5.4 2.4 7.3 5.3 2.0 December 0.8 8.2 5.3 2.9 7.4 5.7 1.7 2006 March -1.4 7.8 5.2 2.6 9.2 5.7 3.5 June 3.4 9.7 7.2 2.5 6.3 4.3 2.0 September -0.8 6.8 4.8 2.0 7.6 5.6 2.0 December 0.4 8.0 5.1 2.9 7.6 5.7 1.9 2007 March -1.7 7.6 5.0 2.6 9.3 5.8 3.5 June 2.7 9.1 6.9 2.2 6.4 4.3 2.1 September -1.4 6.6 4.6 2.0 8.0 5.7 2.3 December 0.1 7.8 5.0 2.8 7.7 5.7 2.0 2008 March -2.6 7.3 4.8 2.5 9.9 5.9 4.0 June 2.0 8.7 6.4 2.3 6.7 4.4 2.3 September -1.5 6.2 4.3 1.9 7.7 5.5 2.2 December -1.1 7.1 4.4 2.7 8.2 6.1 2.1 2009 March -3.8 6.1 4.0 2.1 9.9 6.3 3.6 June 1.8 8.1 6.0 2.1 6.3 4.3 2.0 September -1.7 5.6 3.9 1.7 7.3 5.1 2.2 December 0.0 7.0 4.3 2.7 7.0 5.2 1.8 2010 March -2.4 6.0 3.9 2.1 8.4 5.2 3.2 June 2.8 8.2 6.2 2.0 5.4 3.6 1.8 September -1.0 5.8 4.1 1.7 6.8 4.8 2.0 December 0.6 7.3 4.5 2.8 6.7 5.0 1.7 2011 March -2.1 6.1 4.1 2.0 8.2 4.9 3.3 June 3.0 8.3 6.2 2.1 5.3 3.5 1.8 September -0.3 6.2 4.3 1.9 6.5 4.7 1.8 December 0.1 6.7 4.2 2.5 6.6 5.0 1.6 2012 March -1.3 6.5 4.4 2.1 7.8 4.7 3.1 June 3.3 8.4 6.4 2.0 5.1 3.5 1.6 September -0.6 5.8 4.1 1.7 6.4 4.7 1.7 December 1.2 7.2 4.6 2.6 6.0 4.5 1.5 2013 March -1.0 6.8 4.6 2.2 7.8 4.7 3.1 June 3.3 8.4 6.4 2.0 5.1 3.5 1.6 September -0.3 5.9 4.2 1.7 6.2 4.6 1.6 December 1.0 7.1 4.6 2.5 6.1 4.6 1.5 2014 March -1.7 6.2 4.3 1.9 7.9 4.8 3.1 June 3.3 8.4 6.4 2.0 5.1 3.5 1.6 September -0.8 5.7 4.1 1.6 6.5 4.7 1.8 December 0.8 7.1 4.6 2.5 6.3 4.6 1.7 2015 March -1.5 6.3 4.2 2.1 7.8 4.8 3.0 June 3.5 8.5 6.5 2.0 5.0 3.4 1.6 September -0.4 5.8 4.2 1.6 6.2 4.5 1.7 December 1.2 7.3 4.7 2.6 6.1 4.5 1.6 2016 March -1.6 6.4 4.3 2.1 8.0 4.8 3.2 June 2.9 8.2 6.2 2.0 5.3 3.5 1.8 September 0.0 6.2 4.4 1.8 6.2 4.5 1.7 December 0.9 7.0 4.5 2.5 6.1 4.5 1.6 2017 March -1.0 6.5 4.4 2.1 7.5 4.4 3.1 June 3.0 8.0 6.0 2.0 5.0 3.4 1.6 September -0.5 5.8 4.1 1.7 6.3 4.6 1.7 December 1.1 7.1 4.5 2.6 6.0 4.3 1.7 2018 March -1.2 6.5 4.3 2.2 7.7 4.5 3.2 June 3.0 8.2 6.1 2.1 5.2 3.6 1.6 September -0.8 5.7 4.0 1.7 6.5 4.7 1.8 December 1.3 7.3 4.5 2.8 6.0 4.3 1.7 2019 March -1.1 6.5 4.3 2.2 7.6 4.3 3.3 June 2.9 8.2 6.0 2.2 5.3 3.5 1.8 September -0.4 5.9 4.0 1.9 6.3 4.5 1.8 December 1.5 7.3 4.4 2.9 5.8 4.1 1.7 2020 March -2.0 6.2 4.1 2.1 8.2 4.6 3.6 June -3.7 6.3 3.9 2.4 10.0 7.6 2.4 September 0.9 7.4 5.0 2.4 6.5 4.2 2.3 December 2.3 8.0 4.6 3.4 5.7 4.0 1.7 2021 March -1.1 6.4 4.1 2.3 7.5 4.2 3.3 June 2.5 8.3 5.9 2.4 5.8 3.7 2.1 September 0.4 7.1 4.7 2.4 6.7 4.4 2.3 December 3.0 8.8 5.2 3.6 5.8 4.0 1.8 2022 March -1.5 7.1 4.6 2.5 8.6 4.6 4.0 June 2.8 8.8 6.1 2.7 6.0 3.9 2.1 September 0.0 6.6 4.6 2.0 6.6 4.5 2.1 December 1.0 7.5 4.3 3.2 6.5 4.6 1.9 2023 March -2.2 6.2 4.1 2.1 8.4 4.6 3.8 June 2.2 7.6 5.5 2.1 5.4 3.5 1.9 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels. (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.