Table 4. Private sector firm-level gross job gains and losses, as a percent of employment(1) Not seasonally adjusted: Dynamic method 5 to 9 employees (Percent) Gross job gains Gross job losses Year 3 months ended Net change(2) Total Expanding Opening Total Contracting Closing firms firms firms firms 1992 September -0.7 10.8 8.5 2.3 11.5 9.3 2.2 December -1.8 10.8 8.5 2.3 12.6 9.9 2.7 1993 March -1.6 10.8 8.4 2.4 12.4 9.8 2.6 June 6.2 15.3 11.9 3.4 9.1 7.0 2.1 September -0.2 10.9 8.6 2.3 11.1 9.0 2.1 December -1.3 10.9 8.6 2.3 12.2 9.6 2.6 1994 March -1.4 11.0 8.6 2.4 12.4 9.7 2.7 June 6.2 15.6 12.0 3.6 9.4 7.1 2.3 September 0.0 11.2 8.7 2.5 11.2 9.1 2.1 December -1.9 10.7 8.5 2.2 12.6 9.8 2.8 1995 March -1.0 11.2 8.7 2.5 12.2 9.6 2.6 June 5.7 15.1 11.6 3.5 9.4 7.3 2.1 September -0.7 10.9 8.6 2.3 11.6 9.2 2.4 December -1.8 10.9 8.5 2.4 12.7 9.8 2.9 1996 March -1.3 11.1 8.6 2.5 12.4 9.6 2.8 June 5.9 15.4 11.8 3.6 9.5 7.3 2.2 September -0.7 10.9 8.5 2.4 11.6 9.3 2.3 December -1.6 11.0 8.6 2.4 12.6 9.8 2.8 1997 March -0.8 11.4 8.8 2.6 12.2 9.5 2.7 June 5.8 15.1 11.7 3.4 9.3 7.2 2.1 September -0.8 10.9 8.7 2.2 11.7 9.2 2.5 December -2.0 11.1 8.6 2.5 13.1 9.9 3.2 1998 March -1.4 11.5 8.6 2.9 12.9 9.6 3.3 June 6.5 15.8 11.8 4.0 9.3 7.1 2.2 September -1.2 10.7 8.4 2.3 11.9 9.3 2.6 December -1.5 10.9 8.7 2.2 12.4 9.5 2.9 1999 March -1.2 11.6 8.8 2.8 12.8 9.7 3.1 June 5.9 15.5 11.9 3.6 9.6 7.4 2.2 September -1.0 11.0 8.6 2.4 12.0 9.4 2.6 December -1.3 11.2 8.9 2.3 12.5 9.6 2.9 2000 March -0.8 11.8 9.0 2.8 12.6 9.7 2.9 June 5.5 15.2 11.7 3.5 9.7 7.6 2.1 September -1.3 10.9 8.5 2.4 12.2 9.6 2.6 December -2.4 10.6 8.4 2.2 13.0 10.1 2.9 2001 March -1.6 11.0 8.5 2.5 12.6 9.7 2.9 June 5.1 14.7 11.3 3.4 9.6 7.4 2.2 September -2.2 10.0 7.8 2.2 12.2 9.6 2.6 December -2.4 10.2 8.0 2.2 12.6 9.8 2.8 2002 March -1.3 10.8 8.2 2.6 12.1 9.4 2.7 June 5.4 14.5 11.0 3.5 9.1 7.1 2.0 September -1.2 10.0 7.9 2.1 11.2 9.0 2.2 December -2.2 9.9 7.9 2.0 12.1 9.5 2.6 2003 March -2.0 10.3 7.9 2.4 12.3 9.7 2.6 June 5.6 14.5 11.2 3.3 8.9 6.9 2.0 September -0.9 10.0 7.9 2.1 10.9 8.8 2.1 December -1.9 9.9 7.9 2.0 11.8 9.3 2.5 2004 March -1.2 10.6 8.2 2.4 11.8 9.2 2.6 June 5.4 14.3 11.0 3.3 8.9 6.9 2.0 September -1.1 10.1 7.8 2.3 11.2 8.8 2.4 December -1.5 10.3 8.0 2.3 11.8 9.2 2.6 2005 March -1.6 10.6 8.0 2.6 12.2 9.5 2.7 June 5.7 14.7 11.1 3.6 9.0 7.0 2.0 September -0.7 10.3 8.0 2.3 11.0 8.7 2.3 December -1.9 10.1 8.0 2.1 12.0 9.5 2.5 2006 March -0.8 10.8 8.3 2.5 11.6 9.1 2.5 June 5.3 14.3 11.0 3.3 9.0 7.1 1.9 September -1.3 9.7 7.7 2.0 11.0 8.9 2.1 December -2.1 9.8 7.8 2.0 11.9 9.4 2.5 2007 March -1.0 10.6 8.2 2.4 11.6 9.2 2.4 June 4.7 13.8 10.7 3.1 9.1 7.1 2.0 September -1.7 9.5 7.4 2.1 11.2 9.0 2.2 December -2.4 9.6 7.7 1.9 12.0 9.5 2.5 2008 March -2.0 10.0 7.7 2.3 12.0 9.5 2.5 June 4.1 13.4 10.3 3.1 9.3 7.3 2.0 September -2.2 9.0 7.1 1.9 11.2 9.0 2.2 December -4.3 8.6 6.8 1.8 12.9 10.2 2.7 2009 March -4.3 8.8 6.7 2.1 13.1 10.4 2.7 June 3.6 12.9 9.8 3.1 9.3 7.3 2.0 September -2.1 8.7 6.9 1.8 10.8 8.5 2.3 December -2.7 8.9 6.9 2.0 11.6 9.1 2.5 2010 March -2.0 9.3 7.1 2.2 11.3 9.0 2.3 June 5.3 13.6 10.5 3.1 8.3 6.5 1.8 September -1.1 9.1 7.2 1.9 10.2 8.1 2.1 December -1.8 9.4 7.3 2.1 11.2 8.8 2.4 2011 March -1.2 9.7 7.4 2.3 10.9 8.6 2.3 June 5.4 13.7 10.5 3.2 8.3 6.3 2.0 September -0.5 9.6 7.5 2.1 10.1 8.1 2.0 December -2.1 9.0 7.1 1.9 11.1 8.6 2.5 2012 March -0.2 10.2 7.8 2.4 10.4 8.2 2.2 June 5.0 13.2 10.2 3.0 8.2 6.4 1.8 September -1.0 9.0 7.1 1.9 10.0 8.0 2.0 December -1.7 9.1 7.2 1.9 10.8 8.4 2.4 2013 March -0.7 9.8 7.6 2.2 10.5 8.2 2.3 June 5.3 13.4 10.4 3.0 8.1 6.3 1.8 September -0.4 9.3 7.3 2.0 9.7 7.8 1.9 December -2.0 8.9 7.1 1.8 10.9 8.5 2.4 2014 March -0.5 9.7 7.5 2.2 10.2 8.1 2.1 June 5.5 13.6 10.6 3.0 8.1 6.3 1.8 September -0.6 9.1 7.2 1.9 9.7 7.8 1.9 December -1.7 9.0 7.2 1.8 10.7 8.4 2.3 2015 March -0.7 9.7 7.4 2.3 10.4 8.3 2.1 June 5.6 13.6 10.6 3.0 8.0 6.3 1.7 September -0.8 9.0 7.2 1.8 9.8 7.9 1.9 December -1.6 9.2 7.3 1.9 10.8 8.5 2.3 2016 March -0.5 9.7 7.5 2.2 10.2 8.0 2.2 June 4.8 13.1 10.1 3.0 8.3 6.4 1.9 September -0.6 9.3 7.2 2.1 9.9 7.9 2.0 December -2.2 8.7 6.9 1.8 10.9 8.5 2.4 2017 March -0.1 9.9 7.6 2.3 10.0 7.9 2.1 June 4.9 13.1 10.2 2.9 8.2 6.4 1.8 September -1.5 8.7 6.9 1.8 10.2 8.2 2.0 December -1.8 8.9 7.1 1.8 10.7 8.3 2.4 2018 March -0.1 9.9 7.6 2.3 10.0 7.9 2.1 June 4.8 13.1 10.2 2.9 8.3 6.5 1.8 September -1.3 8.8 7.0 1.8 10.1 8.1 2.0 December -1.8 8.9 7.1 1.8 10.7 8.3 2.4 2019 March -0.3 9.7 7.4 2.3 10.0 7.8 2.2 June 4.6 13.0 10.1 2.9 8.4 6.5 1.9 September -1.3 8.7 6.9 1.8 10.0 8.0 2.0 December -1.8 8.8 6.9 1.9 10.6 8.3 2.3 2020 March -2.3 9.1 7.0 2.1 11.4 8.7 2.7 June -5.8 11.4 8.8 2.6 17.2 12.7 4.5 September 2.6 12.8 9.7 3.1 10.2 8.1 2.1 December -0.9 9.9 7.7 2.2 10.8 8.4 2.4 2021 March 1.8 10.9 8.4 2.5 9.1 7.3 1.8 June 6.5 14.1 11.1 3.0 7.6 6.0 1.6 September -0.5 9.8 7.7 2.1 10.3 8.0 2.3 December 0.1 10.3 7.9 2.4 10.2 8.0 2.2 2022 March -0.4 9.9 7.7 2.2 10.3 7.8 2.5 June 4.8 13.2 10.0 3.2 8.4 6.5 1.9 September -1.1 9.2 7.2 2.0 10.3 8.0 2.3 December -1.9 8.9 6.9 2.0 10.8 8.3 2.5 2023 March -0.3 9.7 7.4 2.3 10.0 7.5 2.5 June 4.3 12.8 9.7 3.1 8.5 6.4 2.1 (1) The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels (2) Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.