| Ability | Overall job growth, by level and importance of ability, 2008–18 |
Total job openings due to growth and replacement needs, 2008–18 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No or low importance | Some importance, low level | Some importance, high level | Important, low level | Important, high level | No or low importance | Some importance, low level | Some importance, high level | Important, low level | Important, high level | |
Cognitive abilities |
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Verbal abilities: |
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1.A.1.a.1 Oral comprehension |
(1) | −5.5 | 3.6 | 58.7 | 15,216.7 | (1) | 2.9 | 127.7 | 281.0 | 50,516.4 |
1.A.1.a.2 Written comprehension |
(1) | 729.8 | 341.7 | 283.2 | 13,918.8 | (1) | 2,985.3 | 1,067.2 | 2,329.8 | 44,545.7 |
1.A.1.a.3 Oral expression |
(1) | −5.5 | −71.5 | 80.0 | 15,270.5 | (1) | 2.9 | 11.7 | 489.7 | 50,423.7 |
1.A.1.a.4 Written expression |
24.2 | 1,558.8 | 69.4 | 1,514.0 | 12,107.1 | 165.0 | 6,161.6 | 660.2 | 8,734.7 | 35,206.5 |
Idea generation and reasoning abilities: |
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1.A.1.b.1 Fluency of ideas |
379.7 | 3,806.7 | 719.6 | 128.6 | 10,238.9 | 1,197.1 | 18,166.9 | 2,098.8 | 1,135.1 | 28,330.1 |
1.A.1.b.2 Originality |
425.7 | 3,532.4 | 595.9 | 726.3 | 9,993.2 | 1,766.4 | 17,048.2 | 1,890.3 | 2,771.4 | 27,451.7 |
1.A.1.b.3 Problem sensitivity |
(1) | 0.4 | (1) | 56.7 | 15,216.4 | (1) | 1.0 | (1) | 950.6 | 49,976.4 |
1.A.1.b.4 Deductive reasoning |
(1) | 112.5 | 11.5 | 154.6 | 14,994.9 | (1) | 764.1 | 37.5 | 1,104.0 | 49,022.4 |
1.A.1.b.5 Inductive reasoning |
(1) | 630.7 | 7.6 | 269.8 | 14,365.4 | (1) | 3,376.8 | 61.5 | 2,762.8 | 44,726.9 |
1.A.1.b.6 Information ordering |
(1) | 97.0 | 23.2 | 672.1 | 14,481.2 | (1) | 675.0 | 39.5 | 2,657.0 | 47,556.5 |
1.A.1.b.7 Category flexibility |
(1) | 1,084.2 | 427.9 | 114.3 | 13,647.1 | (1) | 4,986.7 | 1,088.0 | 765.6 | 44,087.7 |
Quantitative abilities: |
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1.A.1.c.1 Mathematical reasoning |
1,385.5 | 5,403.5 | 720.4 | 1,922.0 | 5,842.1 | 4,071.2 | 21,547.5 | 1,473.4 | 8,010.5 | 15,825.4 |
1.A.1.c.2 Number facility |
998.1 | 5,457.8 | 1,023.9 | 1,524.6 | 6,269.1 | 3,072.8 | 19,238.1 | 3,105.4 | 6,198.3 | 19,313.4 |
Memory: |
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1.A.1.d.1 Memorization |
180.8 | 7,744.3 | 1,863.6 | 940.2 | 4,544.6 | 1,435.2 | 26,666.2 | 5,500.6 | 2,957.6 | 14368.4 |
Perceptual abilities: |
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1.A.1.e.1 Speed of closure |
158.0 | 6,542.7 | 2,361.2 | 1,882.8 | 4,328.8 | 1,471.7 | 25,414.7 | 6,049.4 | 4,595.9 | 13,396.3 |
1.A.1.e.2 Flexibility of closure |
611.0 | 2,726.4 | 919.5 | 2,036.2 | 8,980.4 | 3,178.9 | 10,072.0 | 2,758.8 | 6,142.7 | 28,775.6 |
1.A.1.e.3 Perceptual speed |
566.6 | 4,573.7 | 502.5 | 1,493.0 | 8,137.7 | 3,095.1 | 14,848.8 | 1,254.6 | 5,336.1 | 26,393.4 |
Spatial abilities: |
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1.A.1.f.1 Spatial orientation |
10,463.6 | 4,231.5 | 26.4 | 122.9 | 429.1 | 33,235.6 | 15,115.0 | 112.0 | 614.1 | 1,851.3 |
1.A.1.f.2 Visualization |
58.6 | 6,524.3 | 1,912.5 | 787.0 | 5,991.1 | 588.9 | 22,791.2 | 4,082.1 | 2,440.0 | 21,025.8 |
Attentiveness: |
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1.A.1.g.1 Selective attention |
(1) | 225.6 | 65.6 | 1,137.7 | 13,844.6 | (1) | 1,180.0 | 461.5 | 4,390.5 | 44,896.0 |
1.A.1.g.2 Time sharing |
−28.1 | 5,139.4 | 983.7 | 1,806.6 | 7,371.9 | 158.4 | 15,902.6 | 4,201.8 | 5,634.0 | 25,031.2 |
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Psychomotor abilities |
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Fine manipulative abilities: |
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1.A.2.a.1 Arm-hand steadiness |
2,834.9 | 5,575.9 | −13.3 | 1,467.4 | 5,408.6 | 7,459.4 | 16,018.3 | 266.7 | 8,467.7 | 18,715.9 |
1.A.2.a.2 Manual dexterity |
3,348.3 | 5,015.7 | 587.0 | 1,507.1 | 4,815.4 | 8,754.9 | 15,524.3 | 1,613.2 | 4,238.7 | 20,796.9 |
1.A.2.a.3 Finger dexterity |
368.2 | 4,549.6 | 193.2 | 2,575.8 | 7,586.7 | 1,683.7 | 14,509.2 | 637.5 | 7,198.1 | 26,899.5 |
Control movement abilities: |
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1.A.2.b.1 Control precision |
3,382.7 | 7,398.0 | 666.7 | 266.5 | 3,559.6 | 10,646.8 | 22,847.0 | 1,619.7 | 1,465.3 | 14,349.2 |
1.A.2.b.2 Multilimb coordination |
4,664.6 | 4,395.0 | 270.5 | 1,833.0 | 4,110.4 | 12,418.9 | 15,911.6 | 781.5 | 5,773.1 | 16,042.9 |
1.A.2.b.3 Response orientation |
8,337.7 | 4,477.9 | 765.3 | 1.0 | 1,691.6 | 25,120.6 | 16,739.0 | 2,938.7 | 136.0 | 5,993.7 |
1.A.2.b.4 Rate control |
9,781.3 | 4,425.6 | 21.9 | 626.6 | 418.1 | 28,386.5 | 16,166.6 | 328.9 | 1,636.0 | 4,410.0 |
Reaction time and speed abilities: |
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1.A.2.c.1 Reaction time |
8,160.7 | 3,961.5 | 1,363.5 | 59.6 | 1,728.2 | 24,818.0 | 12,573.4 | 4,619.8 | 263.1 | 8,653.7 |
1.A.2.c.2 Wrist-finger speed |
9,557.9 | 4,729.2 | 660.1 | 139.3 | 187.0 | 27,381.0 | 18,129.7 | 1,599.2 | 544.8 | 3,273.3 |
1.A.2.c.3 Speed of limb movement |
6,734.1 | 6,977.5 | 120.5 | 765.8 | 675.6 | 17,857.5 | 26,629.0 | 727.6 | 3,426.3 | 2,287.6 |
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Physical abilities |
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Physical strength abilities: |
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1.A.3.a.1 Static strength |
5,656.6 | 4,508.4 | 134.0 | 350.5 | 4,624.0 | 15,210.5 | 16,432.5 | 1,002.6 | 2,702.3 | 15,580.1 |
1.A.3.a.2 Explosive strength |
12,609.4 | 2,550.3 | 8.0 | (1) | 105.8 | 45,359.4 | 5,120.9 | 51.7 | (1) | 396.0 |
1.A.3.a.3 Dynamic strength |
6,460.0 | 7,173.0 | 143.1 | 385.7 | 1,111.7 | 18,962.2 | 27,065.6 | 724.2 | 1,125.3 | 3,050.7 |
1.A.3.a.4 Trunk strength |
4,422.9 | 3,669.3 | 959.7 | 745.9 | 5,475.7 | 11,252.1 | 12,397.3 | 3,647.8 | 2,349.3 | 21,281.5 |
Endurance: |
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1.A.3.b.1 Stamina |
5,612.3 | 5,011.5 | 80.5 | 2,780.6 | 1,788.6 | 14,899.8 | 20,385.6 | 166.0 | 9,499.9 | 5,976.7 |
Flexibility, balance, and coordination: |
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1.A.3.c.1 Extent flexibility |
5,985.0 | 4,158.7 | 491.4 | 72.2 | 4,566.2 | 16,779.7 | 13,333.9 | 2,829.9 | 218.6 | 17,765.9 |
1.A.3.c.2 Dynamic flexibility |
15,055.3 | 140.5 | (1) | (1) | 77.7 | 50,043.4 | 753.9 | (1) | (1) | 130.7 |
1.A.3.c.3 Gross body coordination |
5,612.1 | 5,199.9 | 602.0 | 1,401.9 | 2,457.6 | 14,910.5 | 22,880.6 | 1,242.3 | 4,307.7 | 7,586.9 |
1.A.3.c.4 Gross body equilibrium |
7,014.6 | 7,067.6 | 275.5 | 147.1 | 768.7 | 22,636.4 | 24,830.8 | 700.7 | 480.0 | 2,280.1 |
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Sensory abilities |
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Visual abilities: |
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1.A.4.a.1 Near vision |
(1) | 0.4 | (1) | 124.1 | 15,149.0 | (1) | 1.0 | (1) | 647.4 | 50,279.6 |
1.A.4.a.2 Far vision |
166.0 | 3,303.1 | 2,393.5 | 421.0 | 8,989.9 | 1,108.4 | 12,515.7 | 8,034.0 | 1,724.4 | 27,545.5 |
1.A.4.a.3 Visual color discrimination |
1,239.1 | 7,397.3 | 864.5 | 1,533.4 | 4,239.2 | 5,551.4 | 24,312.6 | 2,993.1 | 4,099.3 | 13,971.6 |
1.A.4.a.4 Night vision |
11,999.5 | 2,789.5 | 58.0 | 122.5 | 304.0 | 38,332.0 | 11,080.2 | 230.6 | 525.0 | 760.2 |
1.A.4.a.5 Peripheral vision |
11,795.9 | 2,934.4 | 101.0 | 79.6 | 362.6 | 37,422.9 | 11,645.8 | 297.8 | 418.5 | 1,143.0 |
1.A.4.a.6 Depth perception |
4,155.9 | 7,812.3 | 322.7 | 654.5 | 2,328.1 | 11,722.3 | 26,955.4 | 1,330.9 | 1,307.8 | 9,611.6 |
1.A.4.a.7 Glare sensitivity |
11,207.9 | 3,461.0 | 64.6 | 341.1 | 198.9 | 35,333.1 | 13,064.5 | 669.4 | 1,079.8 | 781.2 |
Auditory and speech abilities: |
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1.A.4.b.1 Hearing sensitivity |
1,296.3 | 8,335.2 | 543.9 | 2,548.1 | 2,550.0 | 6,554.6 | 28,319.7 | 1,640.2 | 6,508.4 | 7,905.1 |
1.A.4.b.2 Auditory attention |
284.9 | 10,043.5 | 672.4 | 1,088.2 | 3,184.5 | 1,074.2 | 32,387.2 | 3,503.9 | 3,353.0 | 10,609.7 |
1.A.4.b.3 Sound localization |
12,056.1 | 2,721.2 | 125.4 | 26.7 | 344.1 | 38,389.9 | 10,769.8 | 633.3 | 217.1 | 917.9 |
1.A.4.b.4 Speech recognition |
(1) | −5.4 | (1) | 815.3 | 14,463.6 | (1) | 3.4 | (1) | 3,829.4 | 47,095.2 |
1.A.4.b.5 Speech clarity |
(1) | 13.7 | (1) | 826.7 | 14,433.1 | (1) | 180.6 | (1) | 5,464.7 | 45,282.7 |
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Footnotes: |
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NOTE: Outline-form numbers are from O*Net; see exhibit A-1 for definitions of abilities. |
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