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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation of Veterans News Release

For release 10:00 a.m. (ET) Tuesday, March 21, 2023              	           USDL-23-0537

Technical information:  (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps  
Media contact:          (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                        EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VETERANS -- 2022 


The unemployment rate for veterans who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces at
any time since September 2001--a group referred to as Gulf War-era II veterans--declined 
to 3.1 percent in 2022 and the rate for all veterans decreased to 2.8 percent, the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. In August 2022, 41 percent of Gulf War-era II
veterans had a service-connected disability, compared with 27 percent of all veterans. 

This information was obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample
survey of about 60,000 eligible households that provides data on employment, unemployment,
and persons not in the labor force in the United States. Data about veterans are collected
monthly in the CPS; these monthly data are the source of the 2022 annual averages presented
in this news release. In August 2022, a supplement to the CPS collected additional 
information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability and veterans'
current or past Reserve or National Guard membership. The supplement was co-sponsored by
the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans'
Employment and Training Service. For more information, see the Technical Note in this 
news release. 

Highlights from the 2022 data:

 --The unemployment rate for all veterans (2.8 percent) was lower than the rate for
   nonveterans (3.6 percent) in 2022. (See table A.)

 --Unemployment rates for both male and female veterans decreased to 2.8 percent in
   2022. (See table A.)

 --Unemployment rates for White and Black veterans were lower than for their nonveteran
   counterparts in 2022, while the rates for Asian and Hispanic veterans were not
   statistically different than their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 1.)

 --Among the 250,000 unemployed veterans in 2022, 54 percent were ages 25 to 54, 39 percent
   were age 55 and over, and 7 percent were ages 18 to 24. (See table 2A.)

 --Among Gulf War-era II veterans, the unemployment rate of veterans with a service-connected
   disability was little changed at 3.4 percent and the rate for veterans with no disability
   decreased to 1.9 percent in August 2022. (See table 7.)

 --Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a service-connected disability rating of less 
   than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating
   of 60 percent or higher in August 2022 (94.8 percent compared with 65.9 percent). (See 
   table 7.)

 --In August 2022, 27 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected disability 
   worked in the public sector, compared with 22 percent of veterans with no disability 
   and 13 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

 --In 2022, the unemployment rate of veterans varied across the country, ranging from
   0.7 percent in North Dakota to 5.2 percent in Nevada. (See table 6A.)

The Veteran Population

In 2022, 18.4 million men and women were veterans, accounting for about 7 percent of the civilian
noninstitutional population age 18 and over. Of all veterans, about 1 in 10 were women. In the
survey, veterans are defined as men and women who have previously served on active duty in the 
U.S. Armed Forces and who were civilians at the time these data were collected. 

Veterans are much more likely to be men than are nonveterans, and they also tend to be older. 
In part, this reflects the characteristics of veterans who served during World War II, the Korean
War, and the Vietnam era, all of whom are now 65 years and over. Veterans who served during 
these wartime periods accounted for about one-third (6.2 million) of the total veteran population
in 2022. Forty-four percent of veterans (8.1 million) served during Gulf War era I (August 1990
to August 2001) or Gulf War era II (September 2001 to present). Twenty-two percent (4.0 million)
served outside these designated wartime periods. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

Gulf War-era II Veterans 

In 2022, there were 4.9 million veterans who had served during Gulf War era II (September 2001 
to present). Eighteen percent of these veterans were women, compared with about 4 percent of 
veterans from World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam era. Thirty-six percent of all Gulf
War-era II veterans were between the ages of 35 and 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.) 

In 2022, the unemployment rate for Gulf War-era II veterans declined to 3.1 percent and was below
the rate in 2019 (3.5 percent) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among Gulf War-era II veterans,
the unemployment rates for men and women were little different from each other and both declined
in 2022 (to 3.1 percent and 2.9 percent, respectively). (See table A.) 

The overall unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era II veterans, at 3.1 percent, was lower than
the rate for male nonveterans, at 3.7 percent, in 2022. By age, unemployment rates for male Gulf
War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically different, with one exception: 45- to
54-year-old male Gulf War-era II veterans had an unemployment rate of 1.6 percent, lower than the
rate of 2.4 percent for their nonveteran counterparts. (See table 2B.) 

The overall unemployment rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans, at 2.9 percent, was not 
statistically different from the rate for female nonveterans (3.5 percent) in 2022. By age,
unemployment rates for female Gulf War-era II veterans and nonveterans were not statistically
different. (See table 2C.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more likely to work in management, professional, and
related occupations than employed nonveteran men (43 percent and 40 percent, respectively),
while these veterans were less likely to work in sales and office occupations than their 
nonveteran counterparts (12 percent and 14 percent, respectively). Employed Gulf War-era II 
veteran women were less likely to work in service occupations than their nonveteran counterparts
(13 percent and 19 percent, respectively). (See table 4.)

Employed Gulf War-era II veteran men were more than twice as likely to work in the public sector
in 2022 as their employed nonveteran counterparts--26 percent versus 10 percent. Employed female
Gulf War-era II veterans were also more likely to work in the public sector than nonveteran 
women--27 percent versus 16 percent. Among the employed, 14 percent of all Gulf War-era II 
veterans worked for the federal government, compared with 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 5.) 

In August 2022, 42 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans reported serving in Iraq, Afghanistan,
or both locations. These veterans had an unemployment rate of 2.3 percent, little different 
than the rate for Gulf War-era II veterans who served elsewhere (2.4 percent). (See table 10.)

Gulf War-era I Veterans

In 2022, of the 3.2 million veterans who served during Gulf War era I (August 1990 to August 2001),
15 percent were women. All Gulf War-era I veterans were age 35 and over in 2022, compared with
64 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans. Forty-eight percent of Gulf War-era I veterans were 
ages 45 to 54, 28 percent were ages 55 to 64, 13 percent were age 65 and over, and 12 percent
were ages 35 to 44. (See tables 1 and 2A.)

The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans was 2.1 percent in 2022, down by 1.4 percentage
points from the prior year. The jobless rate for Gulf War-era I veterans in 2022 was below
its pre-pandemic rate of 2.6 percent in 2019. 

In 2022, the unemployment rate for male Gulf War-era I veterans (2.1 percent) was lower than
that of their Gulf War-era II counterparts (3.1 percent). The difference in unemployment rates
reflects, at least in part, the older age profile of veterans who served during Gulf War era I. 
Younger people--whether veterans or nonveterans--tend to have higher unemployment rates than
older people. The rate for female Gulf War-era I veterans (1.8 percent) was slightly lower
than the rate for female Gulf War-era II veterans (2.9 percent). Among Gulf War-era I veterans,
the unemployment rate declined for men but changed little for women in 2022; the rates for
men and women were not statistically different. (See tables 2B and 2C.)

Veterans of Other Service Periods 

In 2022, 4.0 million veterans had served on active duty during "other service periods," mainly
between the Korean War and the Vietnam era and between the Vietnam era and Gulf War era I.
All veterans from this period of service were age 45 and over at the time of the survey.
Half of these veterans were ages 55 to 64, 44 percent were age 65 and over, and 6 percent
were ages 45 to 54. In 2022, 1 in 10 veterans of other service periods were women. (See 
tables 1 and 2A.) 

The jobless rate for veterans of other service periods declined to 2.7 percent in 2022 and
is little different from the rate in 2019 (3.0 percent). Among veterans of other service
periods, the unemployment rate for men (2.7 percent) was not statistically different from
the rate for women (3.1 percent) in 2022. The jobless rate for male veterans of other service
periods declined over the year, while the rate for women was little changed from the prior year.
(See table 1.)

Veterans with a Service-connected Disability

In August 2022, 4.9 million veterans, or 27 percent of all veterans, had a service-connected
disability. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating by
the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Department of Defense. Ratings range from
0 to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points, depending on the severity of the
condition. (See table 7.) 

The unemployment rate for veterans with a service-connected disability changed little at 3.6
percent in August 2022. The rate for veterans with no disability declined to 2.7 percent and
was not statistically different from the rate for veterans with a service-connected disability.
The unemployment rates for male and female veterans with a service-connected disability changed
little over the year to 3.7 percent and 3.2 percent, respectively, in August 2022. These rates
were not statistically different from each other. The labor force participation rate for 
veterans with a service-connected disability (47.7 percent) was also not statistically different
than the rate for veterans with no disability (48.4 percent). 

Among veterans with a service-connected disability, 23 percent reported a disability rating
of less than 30 percent, while 50 percent had a rating of 60 percent or higher. In August 2022,
veterans with a service-connected disability rating of less than 30 percent were much more
likely to be in the labor force than those with a rating of 60 percent or higher (52.6 percent
versus 44.2 percent). The unemployment rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than
30 percent was 3.5 percent, little different than the rate for those with a disability rating
of 60 percent or higher, at 3.7 percent.

Among veterans who served during Gulf War era II, 41 percent (2.0 million) reported a service-
connected disability in August 2022. The labor force participation rate of all Gulf War-era
II veterans with a service-connected disability was 74.3 percent, lower than the rate for 
veterans from this period with no service-connected disability (86.3 percent). Among Gulf War-era
II veterans, the unemployment rate for those with a service-connected disability was 3.4 percent,
not statistically different than the rate for those with no disability (1.9 percent). 

Among Gulf War-era II veterans with a service-connected disability, 15 percent reported a
disability rating of less than 30 percent and 58 percent reported a disability rating of 60
percent or higher in August 2022. Gulf War-era II veterans who reported a disability rating
of less than 30 percent were much more likely to be in the labor force than those with a
rating of 60 percent or higher (94.8 percent compared with 65.9 percent). The unemployment
rate for veterans with a disability rating of less than 30 percent was 7.4 percent in August
2022, higher than the rate for those with a disability rating of 60 percent or higher, at 2.6
percent.

In August 2022, 30 percent (978,000) of veterans who served during Gulf War era I reported
a service-connected disability. Their labor force participation rate (55.8 percent) was lower
than the rate for Gulf War-era I veterans who did not have a service-connected disability (79.6
percent). The unemployment rate for Gulf War-era I veterans with a service-connected disability
(4.3 percent) was higher than the rate for those without a service-connected disability (1.9
percent).

Thirteen percent (534,000) of veterans who served during other service periods reported a 
service-connected disability in August 2022. The labor force participation rate of these 
veterans (35.9 percent) was lower than their counterparts without a service-connected disability
(44.2 percent). The unemployment rates were not statistically different for veterans with a
service-connected disability (2.4 percent) and those with no disability (3.4 percent).

Regardless of period of service, many veterans with a service-connected disability work in
the public sector. In August 2022, 27 percent of employed veterans with a service-connected
disability worked in federal, state, or local government, compared with 22 percent of veterans
with no disability and 13 percent of nonveterans. Eighteen percent of employed veterans with
a service-connected disability worked for the federal government, compared with 7 percent of
veterans with no disability and 2 percent of nonveterans. (See table 8.)

Reserve and National Guard Membership

In August 2022, 34 percent of Gulf War-era II veterans were current or past members of the
Reserve or National Guard. The labor force participation rate was higher for veterans of
this period who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard (85.3 percent)
than for veterans who had never been members (77.5 percent). Among Gulf War-era II veterans,
those who were current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard had an unemployment
rate of 3.2 percent, little changed from a year earlier, while the rate for those who had
never been members declined to 1.9 percent. (See table 9.)




Table A. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, 2021-2022 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status and period of service 2021 2022
Total Men Women Total Men Women

TOTAL VETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population

18,506 16,533 1,973 18,370 16,342 2,027

Civilian labor force

8,818 7,670 1,148 8,807 7,616 1,191

Participation rate

47.7 46.4 58.2 47.9 46.6 58.7

Employed

8,433 7,332 1,100 8,557 7,400 1,158

Employment-population ratio

45.6 44.3 55.8 46.6 45.3 57.1

Unemployed

386 337 48 250 217 33

Unemployment rate

4.4 4.4 4.2 2.8 2.8 2.8

Not in labor force

9,688 8,863 824 9,563 8,726 837

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,670 3,858 812 4,903 4,008 895

Civilian labor force

3,673 3,113 560 3,918 3,257 660

Participation rate

78.7 80.7 69.0 79.9 81.3 73.8

Employed

3,502 2,970 533 3,796 3,155 641

Employment-population ratio

75.0 77.0 65.6 77.4 78.7 71.6

Unemployed

171 144 27 121 102 19

Unemployment rate

4.6 4.6 4.9 3.1 3.1 2.9

Not in labor force

997 745 252 985 751 235

NONVETERANS

Civilian noninstitutional population

234,176 105,515 128,661 236,451 107,655 128,795

Civilian labor force

150,143 76,752 73,391 153,017 78,628 74,389

Participation rate

64.1 72.7 57.0 64.7 73.0 57.8

Employed

142,161 72,539 69,622 147,523 75,756 71,768

Employment-population ratio

60.7 68.7 54.1 62.4 70.4 55.7

Unemployed

7,982 4,213 3,769 5,494 2,873 2,621

Unemployment rate

5.3 5.5 5.1 3.6 3.7 3.5

Not in labor force

84,033 28,763 55,270 83,434 29,027 54,406

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served on active duty anywhere in the world sometime since September 2001. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Effective with data for January 2021, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from an updated Department of Veterans Affairs population model.


Technical Note

   The data in this release were collected through the Current Population Survey
(CPS). The CPS—a monthly survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the
U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics—obtains information on
employment and unemployment among the nation's civilian noninstitutional population
age 16 and over.

   Most of the data in this release are annual averages, compiled from the results
of the monthly survey. In August, a supplement to the CPS collected additional 
information about veterans on topics such as service-connected disability, veterans'
Reserve or National Guard status, and veterans who served in Iraq and/or Afghanistan.
The supplement was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and by 
the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans' Employment and Training Service. Questions
were asked of persons 17 years of age and older regarding their prior service in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Data are tabulated for persons 18 years of age and older.

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.

Definitions

   The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows:

   Veterans are men and women who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces and who were civilians at the time they were surveyed. Members of the Reserve
and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to active 
duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time of the survey are outside the scope
of the survey and thus not in the estimates shown here, as are persons who reside in
institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.
   
   World War II, Korean War, Vietnam-era, and Gulf War-era veterans are men and 
women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces during these periods of service, 
regardless of where in the world they served. Veterans who served in more than one
wartime period are classified in the most recent one.

   Veterans of other service periods are men and women who served in the U.S. Armed
Forces at any time other than World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam era, or the
Gulf War era. Although U.S. Armed Forces were engaged in several armed conflicts 
during other service periods, these conflicts were more limited in scope and included
a smaller proportion of the Armed Forces than the selected wartime periods. Veterans
who served during one of the selected wartime periods and during another period are
classified in the wartime period.

   Nonveterans are men and women who never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces.

   Veteran status is obtained from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on
active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?"

   Period of service identifies when a veteran served in the Armed Forces, but not 
the location of their service. It is obtained from answers to the question asked of
veterans, "When did you serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" The following
service periods are identified:

      Gulf War era II — September 2001-present
      Gulf War era I — August 1990-August 2001
      Vietnam era — August 1964-April 1975
      Korean War — July 1950-January 1955
      World War II — December 1941-December 1946
      Other service periods — All other time periods

   Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service.
Veterans are counted only in one period of service, their most recent wartime 
period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the 
most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service
period are classified in the wartime period. The period-of-service definitions are 
modified occasionally to reflect changes in law, regulations, and program needs of 
the survey sponsors.

   Veterans who served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both are individuals who served in
Iraq at any time since March 2003, in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, or
in both locations. Service in Iraq or Afghanistan is determined by answers to two 
questions: "Did you serve in Iraq, off the coast of Iraq, or did you fly missions 
over Iraq at any time since March 2003?" and "Did you serve in Afghanistan, or did 
you fly missions over Afghanistan, at any time since October 2001?"

   Presence of service-connected disability is determined by answers to two questions
beginning in August 2021: "Have you filed a claim for or received a rating from the
Department of Veterans Affairs or the Department of Defense confirming that you have
a service-connected disability; that is, a health condition or impairment caused or
made worse by military service?” and (asked of those who said yes) “Did you receive
a VA disability rating?”  People who applied for and received a service-connected 
disability rating are classified as having a service-connected disability. People 
who applied for but did not receive a service-connected disability rating are 
classified as without a service-connected disability.

   Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What
is your current VA service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 
to 100 percent, in increments of 10 percentage points. Ratings are determined by 
the VA or DoD from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief," Part 4—"Schedule for Rating 
Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluation of 
disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result
of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can
practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from
such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." 
Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of
0 through 100 percent, with instructions for rating multiple disorders.

   Reserve and National Guard membership refers only to Gulf War-era veterans who
are current or past members of the Reserve or National Guard. Members of the 
Reserve and National Guard are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to
active duty. These data do not refer to all persons who may have ever served in the
Reserve or National Guard. Beginning in August 2021, Reserve or National Guard 
status is obtained from answers to the question asked of veterans, “Have you ever
been a member of the Reserve or National Guard?” 

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates will differ from the true population values they 
represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by
chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, 
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors 
from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur
for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, the
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of the data.

   Information about the reliability of national data from the CPS and instructions
on how to generate standard errors are available at 
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.

   For a discussion of the reliability of state estimates from the CPS, such as 
those in tables 6A and 6B of this release, see 
www.bls.gov/opub/geographic-profile/home.htm.

Comparability of the estimates

   Effective with data for January 2021, estimates for veterans incorporate 
population controls derived from a new Department of Veterans Affairs Veteran
Population Projection Model (VetPop2018). In accordance with usual practice, BLS 
did not revise estimates for previous years. Information about the Veteran 
Population Projection Model is available from the Department of Veterans Affairs at
www.va.gov/vetdata/docs/Demographics/New_Vetpop_Model/VP_18_A_Brief_Description.pdf.




Table 1. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2022 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, period of service,
sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL

Total, 18 years and over

254,820 161,824 63.5 156,080 61.3 5,744 3.5 92,996

Veterans

18,370 8,807 47.9 8,557 46.6 250 2.8 9,563

Gulf War era, total

8,138 6,222 76.5 6,053 74.4 169 2.7 1,916

Gulf War era II

4,903 3,918 79.9 3,796 77.4 121 3.1 985

Gulf War era I

3,235 2,304 71.2 2,256 69.8 48 2.1 931

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

6,237 924 14.8 888 14.2 36 3.9 5,314

Other service periods

3,995 1,662 41.6 1,617 40.5 45 2.7 2,333

Nonveterans

236,451 153,017 64.7 147,523 62.4 5,494 3.6 83,434

Men

Total, 18 years and over

123,998 86,245 69.6 83,155 67.1 3,090 3.6 37,753

Veterans

16,342 7,616 46.6 7,400 45.3 217 2.8 8,726

Gulf War era, total

6,768 5,250 77.6 5,107 75.4 144 2.7 1,518

Gulf War era II

4,008 3,257 81.3 3,155 78.7 102 3.1 751

Gulf War era I

2,760 1,993 72.2 1,951 70.7 42 2.1 767

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

5,989 882 14.7 848 14.2 34 3.8 5,107

Other service periods

3,585 1,484 41.4 1,445 40.3 39 2.7 2,101

Nonveterans

107,655 78,628 73.0 75,756 70.4 2,873 3.7 29,027

Women

Total, 18 years and over

130,823 75,579 57.8 72,925 55.7 2,654 3.5 55,243

Veterans

2,027 1,191 58.7 1,158 57.1 33 2.8 837

Gulf War era, total

1,369 971 70.9 946 69.1 25 2.6 398

Gulf War era II

895 660 73.8 641 71.6 19 2.9 235

Gulf War era I

474 311 65.5 305 64.3 6 1.8 164

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

248 42 16.8 39 15.9 2 5.3 207

Other service periods

410 178 43.4 172 42.0 6 3.1 232

Nonveterans

128,795 74,389 57.8 71,768 55.7 2,621 3.5 54,406

White

Total, 18 years and over

196,550 124,022 63.1 120,153 61.1 3,869 3.1 72,528

Veterans

14,916 6,915 46.4 6,740 45.2 175 2.5 8,001

Gulf War era, total

6,154 4,769 77.5 4,655 75.6 115 2.4 1,385

Gulf War era II

3,685 2,978 80.8 2,891 78.5 86 2.9 707

Gulf War era I

2,470 1,792 72.6 1,763 71.4 28 1.6 678

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

5,511 804 14.6 774 14.0 30 3.8 4,707

Other service periods

3,251 1,342 41.3 1,312 40.3 31 2.3 1,909

Nonveterans

181,634 117,107 64.5 113,413 62.4 3,694 3.2 64,527

Black or African American

Total, 18 years and over

32,839 21,010 64.0 19,754 60.2 1,256 6.0 11,830

Veterans

2,511 1,360 54.2 1,308 52.1 52 3.9 1,151

Gulf War era, total

1,420 1,021 71.9 984 69.3 37 3.7 399

Gulf War era II

850 638 75.0 614 72.2 24 3.7 212

Gulf War era I

570 383 67.3 369 64.9 14 3.6 186

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

500 84 16.9 81 16.2 4 4.3 415

Other service periods

591 255 43.1 244 41.2 11 4.4 337

Nonveterans

30,328 19,649 64.8 18,445 60.8 1,204 6.1 10,679

Asian

Total, 18 years and over

16,400 10,795 65.8 10,495 64.0 300 2.8 5,605

Veterans

324 194 59.7 186 57.5 7 3.7 131

Gulf War era, total

197 158 80.1 152 77.4 5 3.4 39

Gulf War era II

139 114 82.3 110 79.0 5 4.1 25

Gulf War era I

58 43 74.6 42 73.4 1 1.6 15

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

74 14 18.4 14 18.4 0 - 60

Other service periods

53 22 42.0 21 38.6 2 - 31

Nonveterans

16,076 10,601 65.9 10,308 64.1 293 2.8 5,475

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

Total, 18 years and over

43,796 30,049 68.6 28,810 65.8 1,238 4.1 13,747

Veterans

1,407 880 62.5 850 60.4 29 3.3 527

Gulf War era, total

877 706 80.5 684 77.9 22 3.2 171

Gulf War era II

588 472 80.2 453 77.0 19 4.1 116

Gulf War era I

289 234 81.0 231 79.9 3 1.4 55

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

294 43 14.6 39 13.4 3 8.0 251

Other service periods

236 130 55.3 127 53.8 3 2.6 105

Nonveterans

42,389 29,169 68.8 27,960 66.0 1,209 4.1 13,220

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2A. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2022 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

18,370 8,807 47.9 8,557 46.6 250 2.8 9,563

18 to 24 years

297 204 68.7 186 62.7 18 8.8 93

25 to 34 years

1,460 1,225 83.9 1,176 80.6 49 4.0 235

35 to 44 years

2,140 1,793 83.8 1,752 81.9 41 2.3 347

45 to 54 years

2,542 2,092 82.3 2,047 80.5 45 2.2 450

55 to 64 years

3,400 2,188 64.4 2,139 62.9 50 2.3 1,211

65 years and over

8,531 1,305 15.3 1,257 14.7 48 3.7 7,226

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

8,138 6,222 76.5 6,053 74.4 169 2.7 1,916

18 to 24 years

297 204 68.7 186 62.7 18 8.8 93

25 to 34 years

1,460 1,225 83.9 1,176 80.6 49 4.0 235

35 to 44 years

2,140 1,793 83.8 1,752 81.9 41 2.3 347

45 to 54 years

2,293 1,903 83.0 1,862 81.2 41 2.1 390

55 to 64 years

1,393 962 69.0 944 67.8 17 1.8 432

65 years and over

555 136 24.4 132 23.8 4 2.8 419

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

4,903 3,918 79.9 3,796 77.4 121 3.1 985

18 to 24 years

297 204 68.7 186 62.7 18 8.8 93

25 to 34 years

1,460 1,225 83.9 1,176 80.6 49 4.0 235

35 to 44 years

1,753 1,471 83.9 1,436 81.9 34 2.3 282

45 to 54 years

746 618 82.8 607 81.4 11 1.8 128

55 to 64 years

497 352 70.8 343 69.0 9 2.5 145

65 years and over

150 49 32.3 48 31.7 1 - 102

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over

3,235 2,304 71.2 2,256 69.8 48 2.1 931

35 to 44 years

387 322 83.3 316 81.6 6 2.0 65

45 to 54 years

1,547 1,285 83.1 1,255 81.2 30 2.3 262

55 to 64 years

896 610 68.0 601 67.1 9 1.4 287

65 years and over

405 87 21.5 84 20.8 3 3.5 318

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

6,237 924 14.8 888 14.2 36 3.9 5,314

55 to 64 years

0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

65 years and over

6,237 924 14.8 888 14.2 36 3.9 5,314

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over

3,995 1,662 41.6 1,617 40.5 45 2.7 2,333

45 to 54 years

249 189 75.9 185 74.1 4 2.3 60

55 to 64 years

2,006 1,227 61.1 1,194 59.5 32 2.6 780

65 years and over

1,739 246 14.1 238 13.7 8 3.3 1,493

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

236,451 153,017 64.7 147,523 62.4 5,494 3.6 83,434

18 to 24 years

28,507 18,426 64.6 16,981 59.6 1,444 7.8 10,081

25 to 34 years

42,708 35,500 83.1 34,124 79.9 1,377 3.9 7,208

35 to 44 years

40,859 33,877 82.9 32,872 80.5 1,005 3.0 6,982

45 to 54 years

37,452 30,349 81.0 29,607 79.1 743 2.4 7,103

55 to 64 years

38,745 25,272 65.2 24,623 63.6 649 2.6 13,473

65 years and over

48,178 9,592 19.9 9,317 19.3 275 2.9 38,586

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2B. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2022 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

VETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over

16,342 7,616 46.6 7,400 45.3 217 2.8 8,726

18 to 24 years

216 161 74.5 147 68.2 13 8.4 55

25 to 34 years

1,201 1,015 84.5 974 81.1 42 4.1 186

35 to 44 years

1,731 1,466 84.7 1,433 82.8 33 2.3 265

45 to 54 years

2,174 1,818 83.6 1,778 81.8 40 2.2 356

55 to 64 years

2,944 1,929 65.5 1,885 64.0 44 2.3 1,014

65 years and over

8,076 1,226 15.2 1,182 14.6 44 3.6 6,850

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

6,768 5,250 77.6 5,107 75.4 144 2.7 1,518

18 to 24 years

216 161 74.5 147 68.2 13 8.4 55

25 to 34 years

1,201 1,015 84.5 974 81.1 42 4.1 186

35 to 44 years

1,731 1,466 84.7 1,433 82.8 33 2.3 265

45 to 54 years

1,967 1,660 84.4 1,623 82.5 36 2.2 307

55 to 64 years

1,169 829 70.9 813 69.6 16 1.9 340

65 years and over

484 119 24.7 116 23.9 4 2.9 365

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

4,008 3,257 81.3 3,155 78.7 102 3.1 751

18 to 24 years

216 161 74.5 147 68.2 13 8.4 55

25 to 34 years

1,201 1,015 84.5 974 81.1 42 4.1 186

35 to 44 years

1,413 1,201 85.0 1,172 82.9 29 2.4 212

45 to 54 years

623 525 84.3 517 82.9 8 1.6 98

55 to 64 years

428 311 72.8 302 70.7 9 2.8 116

65 years and over

127 44 34.4 43 33.8 1 1.7 84

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over

2,760 1,993 72.2 1,951 70.7 42 2.1 767

35 to 44 years

318 265 83.4 261 81.9 5 1.7 53

45 to 54 years

1,344 1,135 84.4 1,107 82.4 28 2.4 209

55 to 64 years

741 518 69.8 511 68.9 7 1.3 224

65 years and over

357 76 21.2 73 20.4 3 3.7 281

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

5,989 882 14.7 848 14.2 34 3.8 5,107

55 to 64 years

0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

65 years and over

5,989 882 14.7 848 14.2 34 3.8 5,107

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over

3,585 1,484 41.4 1,445 40.3 39 2.7 2,101

45 to 54 years

207 158 76.4 155 74.6 4 2.3 49

55 to 64 years

1,775 1,101 62.0 1,072 60.4 29 2.6 674

65 years and over

1,603 225 14.0 218 13.6 7 3.1 1,378

NONVETERANS, MEN

Total, 18 years and over

107,655 78,628 73.0 75,756 70.4 2,873 3.7 29,027

18 to 24 years

14,230 9,433 66.3 8,631 60.7 802 8.5 4,798

25 to 34 years

20,763 18,472 89.0 17,754 85.5 718 3.9 2,291

35 to 44 years

19,648 17,718 90.2 17,203 87.6 515 2.9 1,930

45 to 54 years

17,605 15,413 87.5 15,049 85.5 364 2.4 2,193

55 to 64 years

17,648 12,695 71.9 12,363 70.1 332 2.6 4,953

65 years and over

17,761 4,898 27.6 4,756 26.8 142 2.9 12,863

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 2C. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status, age, and period of service, 2022 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status, age, and period of service Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

VETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over

2,027 1,191 58.7 1,158 57.1 33 2.8 837

18 to 24 years

81 43 53.1 39 47.7 4 10.2 38

25 to 34 years

259 209 81.0 202 78.3 7 3.3 49

35 to 44 years

408 326 79.9 319 78.1 7 2.2 82

45 to 54 years

368 274 74.4 269 73.0 5 1.9 94

55 to 64 years

456 259 56.8 253 55.5 6 2.2 197

65 years and over

455 79 17.3 75 16.5 4 4.5 376

Gulf War era, total

Total, 18 years and over

1,369 971 70.9 946 69.1 25 2.6 398

18 to 24 years

81 43 53.1 39 47.7 4 10.2 38

25 to 34 years

259 209 81.0 202 78.3 7 3.3 49

35 to 44 years

408 326 79.9 319 78.1 7 2.2 82

45 to 54 years

326 243 74.6 239 73.2 4 1.8 83

55 to 64 years

225 133 59.2 131 58.4 2 1.4 92

65 years and over

71 16 22.9 16 22.5 0 - 55

Gulf War era II

Total, 18 years and over

895 660 73.8 641 71.6 19 2.9 235

18 to 24 years

81 43 53.1 39 47.7 4 10.2 38

25 to 34 years

259 209 81.0 202 78.3 7 3.3 49

35 to 44 years

340 270 79.3 264 77.7 5 2.0 70

45 to 54 years

123 93 75.6 90 73.4 3 2.8 30

55 to 64 years

70 41 58.7 41 58.7 0 0.0 29

65 years and over

23 5 - 5 - 0 - 18

Gulf War era I

Total, 35 years and over

474 311 65.5 305 64.3 6 1.8 164

35 to 44 years

68 57 82.9 55 80.4 2 3.0 12

45 to 54 years

203 150 74.1 148 73.1 2 1.2 53

55 to 64 years

155 92 59.4 90 58.3 2 2.0 63

65 years and over

48 12 24.1 11 23.6 0 - 36

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 55 years and over

248 42 16.8 39 15.9 2 5.3 207

55 to 64 years

0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0

65 years and over

248 42 16.8 39 15.9 2 5.3 207

Other service periods

Total, 45 years and over

410 178 43.4 172 42.0 6 3.1 232

45 to 54 years

42 31 73.1 30 71.4 1 - 11

55 to 64 years

232 126 54.4 122 52.8 4 3.0 106

65 years and over

136 21 15.3 20 14.5 1 - 115

NONVETERANS, WOMEN

Total, 18 years and over

128,795 74,389 57.8 71,768 55.7 2,621 3.5 54,406

18 to 24 years

14,277 8,993 63.0 8,350 58.5 643 7.1 5,284

25 to 34 years

21,945 17,028 77.6 16,369 74.6 659 3.9 4,917

35 to 44 years

21,211 16,160 76.2 15,669 73.9 490 3.0 5,052

45 to 54 years

19,847 14,937 75.3 14,558 73.4 379 2.5 4,910

55 to 64 years

21,097 12,578 59.6 12,260 58.1 317 2.5 8,520

65 years and over

30,418 4,694 15.4 4,561 15.0 133 2.8 25,723

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 3. Employment status of persons 25 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and educational attainment, 2022 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
Veteran status,
period of service, and educational attainment
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

VETERANS

Total, 25 years and over

18,073 8,603 47.6 8,371 46.3 232 2.7 9,470

Less than a high school diploma

552 102 18.4 98 17.7 4 4.0 451

High school graduates, no college

5,064 2,077 41.0 2,018 39.9 59 2.8 2,987

Some college or associate degree

6,309 3,085 48.9 2,992 47.4 93 3.0 3,224

Bachelor's degree and higher

6,148 3,339 54.3 3,263 53.1 76 2.3 2,809

Gulf War era, total

Total, 25 years and over

7,841 6,018 76.7 5,867 74.8 151 2.5 1,823

Less than a high school diploma

74 39 52.7 38 51.4 1 2.4 35

High school graduates, no college

1,729 1,284 74.3 1,248 72.2 36 2.8 444

Some college or associate degree

2,919 2,184 74.8 2,123 72.8 61 2.8 734

Bachelor's degree and higher

3,120 2,510 80.5 2,457 78.8 53 2.1 609

Gulf War era II

Total, 25 years and over

4,606 3,714 80.6 3,610 78.4 103 2.8 892

Less than a high school diploma

39 22 57.3 21 55.0 1 - 16

High school graduates, no college

912 713 78.2 689 75.6 24 3.4 198

Some college or associate degree

1,725 1,365 79.1 1,323 76.7 42 3.1 360

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,931 1,613 83.6 1,577 81.7 36 2.2 318

Gulf War era I

Total, 25 years and over

3,235 2,304 71.2 2,256 69.8 48 2.1 931

Less than a high school diploma

35 17 47.6 17 47.6 0 - 18

High school graduates, no college

817 571 69.9 559 68.4 12 2.1 246

Some college or associate degree

1,194 819 68.6 800 67.1 19 2.3 374

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,189 897 75.5 880 74.0 17 1.9 292

WWII, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total, 25 years and over

6,237 924 14.8 888 14.2 36 3.9 5,314

Less than a high school diploma

309 24 7.8 23 7.4 1 - 285

High school graduates, no college

1,914 228 11.9 222 11.6 6 2.8 1,686

Some college or associate degree

2,046 319 15.6 303 14.8 16 5.1 1,727

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,968 352 17.9 340 17.3 12 3.5 1,615

Other service periods

Total, 25 years and over

3,995 1,662 41.6 1,617 40.5 45 2.7 2,333

Less than a high school diploma

169 39 22.9 37 21.7 2 5.3 130

High school graduates, no college

1,421 565 39.8 549 38.6 16 2.9 856

Some college or associate degree

1,345 582 43.3 566 42.1 16 2.7 763

Bachelor's degree and higher

1,060 476 44.9 466 43.9 11 2.3 584

NONVETERANS

Total, 25 years and over

207,944 134,591 64.7 130,542 62.8 4,050 3.0 73,352

Less than a high school diploma

19,097 8,802 46.1 8,320 43.6 482 5.5 10,294

High school graduates, no college

58,549 33,780 57.7 32,420 55.4 1,360 4.0 24,768

Some college or associate degree

50,454 32,715 64.8 31,683 62.8 1,032 3.2 17,739

Bachelor's degree and higher

79,844 59,293 74.3 58,118 72.8 1,175 2.0 20,551

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 4. Employed persons 18 years and over by occupation, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2022 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Occupation and sex Veterans Non-
veterans
Total Gulf War era WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era
Other
service
periods
Total Gulf War
era II
Gulf War
era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)

8,557 6,053 3,796 2,256 888 1,617 147,523

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

43.3 44.8 44.1 45.9 43.2 37.6 43.6

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

21.4 21.3 20.0 23.5 26.0 19.1 18.6

Professional and related occupations

21.9 23.5 24.1 22.4 17.2 18.5 24.9

Service occupations

12.5 13.1 13.9 11.7 11.2 11.3 15.8

Sales and office occupations

14.4 13.9 14.2 13.4 16.6 15.4 19.3

Sales and related occupations

7.5 6.9 6.7 7.3 10.7 7.9 8.9

Office and administrative support occupations

6.9 6.9 7.5 6.1 5.8 7.5 10.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

12.8 12.7 13.4 11.6 11.3 14.1 8.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.6

Construction and extraction occupations

5.8 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.5 6.6 5.3

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

6.7 6.9 7.5 5.7 4.8 7.3 2.9

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

16.9 15.6 14.5 17.4 17.7 21.5 12.5

Production occupations

6.0 5.9 5.4 6.9 4.9 7.0 5.2

Transportation and material moving occupations

10.9 9.6 9.1 10.5 12.8 14.5 7.3

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)

7,400 5,107 3,155 1,951 848 1,445 75,756

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

41.6 42.8 42.6 43.2 43.0 36.3 39.5

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

21.3 21.0 19.7 23.2 26.3 19.3 19.3

Professional and related occupations

20.3 21.8 22.9 20.0 16.7 17.1 20.2

Service occupations

12.5 13.3 14.0 12.1 11.2 10.7 12.6

Sales and office occupations

12.9 12.0 12.0 12.1 15.8 14.2 14.0

Sales and related occupations

7.4 6.7 6.4 7.0 10.9 7.8 8.6

Office and administrative support occupations

5.5 5.4 5.5 5.1 4.9 6.4 5.4

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

14.5 14.7 15.6 13.3 11.7 15.6 16.2

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.9

Construction and extraction occupations

6.6 6.5 6.6 6.5 5.7 7.4 9.9

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

7.6 7.9 8.7 6.6 5.1 7.9 5.4

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

18.5 17.2 15.8 19.4 18.3 23.2 17.8

Production occupations

6.5 6.5 5.7 7.7 5.1 7.4 7.0

Transportation and material moving occupations

12.0 10.7 10.1 11.6 13.3 15.7 10.8

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)

1,158 946 641 305 39 172 71,768

Occupation as a percent of total employed

Total employed

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

54.0 55.3 51.5 63.3 46.8 48.6 47.9

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

21.8 22.7 21.3 25.5 17.8 18.3 18.0

Professional and related occupations

32.2 32.7 30.3 37.8 29.0 30.4 29.9

Service occupations

12.5 11.9 13.2 9.1 12.8 16.1 19.2

Sales and office occupations

24.5 24.0 24.9 22.0 32.2 25.7 25.0

Sales and related occupations

8.4 8.5 8.0 9.4 6.1 8.6 9.3

Office and administrative support occupations

16.1 15.5 16.9 12.6 26.1 17.1 15.7

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

2.0 1.9 2.6 0.5 3.1 2.2 1.1

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3

Construction and extraction occupations

0.7 0.8 0.9 0.4 3.1 0.0 0.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

1.2 1.1 1.6 0.1 0.0 2.0 0.3

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

6.9 6.9 7.8 5.0 5.0 7.4 6.8

Production occupations

3.2 3.1 3.8 1.8 2.2 3.6 3.4

Transportation and material moving occupations

3.7 3.7 4.0 3.2 2.8 3.8 3.5

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 5. Employed persons 18 years and over by industry, class of worker, sex, veteran status, and period of service, 2022 annual averages [Percent distribution]
Industry, class of worker, and sex Veterans Non-
veterans
Total Gulf War era WW II,
Korean
War, and
Vietnam
era
Other
service
periods
Total Gulf War
era II
Gulf War
era I

TOTAL

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

8,557 6,053 3,796 2,256 888 1,617 147,523

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

1.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 6.4 1.7 1.4

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.7 0.4 0.5 0.3 2.3 0.7 1.0

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 4.1 1.0 0.5

Nonagricultural industries

98.6 99.4 99.3 99.4 93.6 98.3 98.6

Wage and salary workers(2)

93.1 95.6 95.8 95.4 78.8 91.5 92.7

Private industries

70.3 70.2 70.0 70.5 66.5 72.6 79.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4

Construction

6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.1 7.4 6.1

Manufacturing

12.0 12.2 11.5 13.2 7.7 13.5 9.3

Wholesale trade

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.4 1.9 2.0

Retail trade

8.3 7.7 7.3 8.5 10.0 9.7 9.8

Transportation and utilities

7.6 7.3 7.0 7.8 5.9 9.5 5.0

Information

1.7 1.7 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.6

Financial activities

4.6 4.3 4.2 4.6 6.7 4.6 6.5

Professional and business services

11.3 11.9 12.5 10.9 10.3 9.9 11.7

Education and health services

8.9 9.2 9.4 8.8 8.0 8.2 15.8

Leisure and hospitality

3.7 3.9 4.3 3.2 3.7 2.9 7.5

Other services

3.0 2.8 3.0 2.4 4.5 3.2 4.1

Government

22.8 25.4 25.8 24.8 12.4 18.8 13.1

Federal

10.8 12.7 13.9 10.7 4.1 7.5 2.1

State

4.6 4.8 4.5 5.3 3.1 4.7 4.6

Local

7.4 7.9 7.4 8.9 5.2 6.6 6.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

5.4 3.7 3.5 4.0 14.7 6.8 5.8

MEN

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

7,400 5,107 3,155 1,951 848 1,445 75,756

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

1.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 6.5 1.6 2.0

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3 2.3 0.7 1.3

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 4.2 0.9 0.6

Nonagricultural industries

98.5 99.4 99.3 99.4 93.5 98.4 98.0

Wage and salary workers(2)

92.8 95.6 95.9 95.2 78.5 91.1 91.4

Private industries

70.9 71.0 70.4 72.0 66.4 73.2 81.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.7 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.6

Construction

7.3 7.3 7.5 7.1 5.4 8.2 10.5

Manufacturing

12.9 13.4 12.7 14.4 7.6 14.5 12.5

Wholesale trade

2.1 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.6

Retail trade

8.3 7.7 7.3 8.4 10.2 9.5 9.6

Transportation and utilities

8.3 8.1 7.7 8.7 6.1 10.1 7.2

Information

1.8 1.9 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.6 2.0

Financial activities

4.4 4.0 3.5 4.8 6.8 4.5 5.9

Professional and business services

11.6 12.3 12.9 11.3 10.4 10.1 12.7

Education and health services

6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.4 6.6 7.0

Leisure and hospitality

3.5 3.7 4.1 2.9 3.8 2.8 7.1

Other services

3.0 2.8 3.1 2.3 4.5 2.9 3.7

Government

21.9 24.6 25.5 23.2 12.1 17.9 10.1

Federal

10.4 12.5 14.1 9.9 3.9 6.9 2.0

State

4.3 4.4 4.1 4.9 3.0 4.6 3.3

Local

7.2 7.7 7.2 8.4 5.2 6.4 4.8

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

5.7 3.7 3.4 4.2 14.9 7.3 6.6

WOMEN

Total employed (in thousands)(1)

1,158 946 641 305 39 172 71,768

As a percent of total employed

Total employed(1)

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Agriculture and related industries

1.0 0.6 0.5 0.7 4.5 2.4 0.9

Wage and salary workers(2)

0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 1.5 0.9 0.6

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 3.0 1.5 0.3

Nonagricultural industries

99.0 99.4 99.5 99.3 95.5 97.6 99.1

Wage and salary workers(2)

95.3 95.9 95.6 96.5 85.3 94.5 94.0

Private industries

66.3 66.1 68.3 61.3 67.4 67.4 77.8

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1

Construction

1.9 2.2 2.0 2.6 0.0 0.9 1.5

Manufacturing

5.6 5.5 5.4 5.7 9.0 5.5 5.9

Wholesale trade

1.3 1.3 1.6 0.6 7.9 0.2 1.2

Retail trade

8.4 7.8 7.3 9.1 5.8 11.7 10.0

Transportation and utilities

3.0 2.8 3.2 1.9 2.5 4.5 2.7

Information

0.7 0.9 1.1 0.4 0.8 0.0 1.2

Financial activities

5.9 5.9 7.3 3.1 5.3 5.5 7.2

Professional and business services

9.5 9.7 10.5 8.1 8.0 8.3 10.5

Education and health services

21.9 22.0 22.1 21.9 22.9 21.2 25.0

Leisure and hospitality

4.8 5.1 5.3 4.6 1.5 3.8 8.0

Other services

3.3 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.6 5.8 4.4

Government

29.0 29.8 27.3 35.2 17.9 27.1 16.2

Federal

13.4 13.7 13.0 15.3 8.0 13.0 2.2

State

6.7 7.0 6.4 8.2 5.2 5.8 5.9

Local

8.9 9.1 7.9 11.7 4.7 8.3 8.1

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

3.7 3.5 3.9 2.8 10.2 3.0 5.0

Footnotes
(1) Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers, not shown separately.
(2) Includes self-employed workers whose business are incorporated.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 35,000).


Table 6A. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state, 2022 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL VETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

18,370 8,807 47.9 8,557 46.6 250 2.8 9,563

Alabama

352 180 51.1 177 50.2 3 1.8 172

Alaska

68 41 59.5 39 57.5 1 3.4 28

Arizona

436 210 48.2 203 46.6 7 3.2 226

Arkansas

225 91 40.6 89 39.4 3 3.0 134

California

1,383 632 45.7 604 43.7 28 4.4 751

Colorado

382 206 53.9 199 52.2 7 3.2 176

Connecticut

151 72 47.6 70 46.4 2 2.6 79

Delaware

69 28 40.6 27 39.6 1 2.6 41

District of Columbia

26 14 54.7 14 53.1 0 2.9 12

Florida

1,390 615 44.2 606 43.6 9 1.5 775

Georgia

668 332 49.7 322 48.1 11 3.2 336

Hawaii

98 48 49.4 46 47.4 2 4.0 50

Idaho

124 56 44.7 54 43.3 2 3.3 69

Illinois

522 221 42.3 213 40.9 7 3.4 301

Indiana

396 188 47.5 184 46.4 4 2.2 208

Iowa

202 104 51.5 102 50.6 2 1.8 98

Kansas

173 89 51.4 87 50.0 2 2.7 84

Kentucky

284 133 46.9 131 46.3 2 1.4 151

Louisiana

264 115 43.5 113 42.8 2 1.6 149

Maine

105 42 40.3 41 38.6 2 4.2 63

Maryland

419 231 55.3 228 54.3 4 1.7 187

Massachusetts

270 129 47.9 125 46.2 5 3.5 141

Michigan

555 251 45.2 247 44.5 4 1.6 304

Minnesota

276 131 47.5 129 46.7 2 1.7 145

Mississippi

190 84 44.5 81 42.6 4 4.2 105

Missouri

369 179 48.7 176 47.8 3 1.7 189

Montana

103 47 46.2 47 45.3 1 2.0 55

Nebraska

120 67 55.4 65 54.1 2 2.3 54

Nevada

244 119 48.9 113 46.4 6 5.2 125

New Hampshire

102 50 48.6 48 47.5 1 2.3 53

New Jersey

279 114 40.9 113 40.4 1 1.3 165

New Mexico

163 69 42.6 67 41.1 2 3.3 94

New York

681 287 42.2 277 40.7 10 3.5 394

North Carolina

685 302 44.1 296 43.1 7 2.2 383

North Dakota

49 27 55.5 27 55.1 0 0.7 22

Ohio

718 348 48.5 340 47.4 8 2.2 370

Oklahoma

275 117 42.5 115 41.6 2 2.1 158

Oregon

306 143 46.7 138 45.0 5 3.6 163

Pennsylvania

703 300 42.6 291 41.4 9 3.0 403

Rhode Island

64 26 41.3 26 40.6 0 1.9 37

South Carolina

386 182 47.1 175 45.5 6 3.5 204

South Dakota

63 37 59.2 37 58.5 0 1.2 26

Tennessee

497 227 45.7 220 44.3 7 3.1 270

Texas

1,636 932 57.0 893 54.6 39 4.2 704

Utah

150 78 51.9 76 50.6 2 2.4 72

Vermont

37 16 44.3 16 43.3 0 2.3 20

Virginia

703 420 59.7 413 58.7 7 1.7 283

Washington

492 244 49.6 237 48.2 7 2.9 248

West Virginia

144 67 46.4 65 45.2 2 2.5 77

Wisconsin

322 137 42.5 131 40.8 5 3.9 185

Wyoming

49 26 51.7 25 50.8 0 1.9 24

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.


Table 6B. Employment status of nonveterans 18 years and over by state, 2022 annual averages [Numbers in thousands]
State Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in
labor
force
Total Percent
of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent
of
population
Total Percent
of
labor force

TOTAL NONVETERANS

Total, 18 years and over

236,451 153,017 64.7 147,523 62.4 5,494 3.6 83,434

Alabama

3,528 2,100 59.5 2,046 58.0 55 2.6 1,428

Alaska

465 312 67.2 299 64.3 14 4.4 152

Arizona

5,233 3,364 64.3 3,236 61.8 127 3.8 1,870

Arkansas

2,071 1,255 60.6 1,209 58.4 45 3.6 816

California

28,432 18,307 64.4 17,558 61.8 749 4.1 10,125

Colorado

4,138 2,957 71.5 2,868 69.3 89 3.0 1,180

Connecticut

2,691 1,818 67.6 1,745 64.9 73 4.0 872

Delaware

723 452 62.5 433 59.8 20 4.3 271

District of Columbia

491 355 72.3 339 69.0 16 4.6 136

Florida

16,079 9,972 62.0 9,688 60.3 284 2.8 6,107

Georgia

7,542 4,856 64.4 4,708 62.4 148 3.1 2,686

Hawaii

981 614 62.6 592 60.3 22 3.6 367

Idaho

1,338 891 66.6 867 64.8 24 2.7 447

Illinois

9,101 6,113 67.2 5,853 64.3 260 4.2 2,989

Indiana

4,787 3,162 66.0 3,062 64.0 100 3.1 1,626

Iowa

2,237 1,579 70.6 1,539 68.8 40 2.5 659

Kansas

2,009 1,379 68.6 1,344 66.9 35 2.5 630

Kentucky

3,136 1,876 59.8 1,802 57.5 74 3.9 1,260

Louisiana

3,197 1,952 61.1 1,881 58.8 70 3.6 1,245

Maine

1,021 617 60.4 597 58.5 20 3.3 404

Maryland

4,328 2,924 67.6 2,832 65.4 92 3.2 1,404

Massachusetts

5,220 3,498 67.0 3,386 64.9 112 3.2 1,723

Michigan

7,252 4,503 62.1 4,316 59.5 187 4.2 2,750

Minnesota

4,056 2,861 70.6 2,790 68.8 71 2.5 1,194

Mississippi

2,016 1,164 57.7 1,119 55.5 45 3.9 852

Missouri

4,337 2,810 64.8 2,738 63.1 72 2.6 1,527

Montana

775 520 67.1 506 65.3 14 2.6 255

Nebraska

1,346 974 72.3 950 70.6 23 2.4 372

Nevada

2,200 1,412 64.2 1,336 60.7 76 5.4 788

New Hampshire

1,031 700 67.9 680 66.0 20 2.8 330

New Jersey

6,827 4,518 66.2 4,343 63.6 175 3.9 2,309

New Mexico

1,454 849 58.4 816 56.2 32 3.8 605

New York

14,579 9,106 62.5 8,705 59.7 401 4.4 5,473

North Carolina

7,479 4,758 63.6 4,583 61.3 175 3.7 2,721

North Dakota

525 375 71.5 369 70.3 6 1.7 150

Ohio

8,302 5,259 63.3 5,055 60.9 204 3.9 3,043

Oklahoma

2,703 1,737 64.3 1,676 62.0 61 3.5 966

Oregon

3,056 2,012 65.8 1,929 63.1 83 4.1 1,044

Pennsylvania

9,404 6,031 64.1 5,785 61.5 246 4.1 3,374

Rhode Island

813 544 67.0 525 64.6 19 3.5 269

South Carolina

3,677 2,149 58.5 2,079 56.5 71 3.3 1,527

South Dakota

605 435 71.9 428 70.7 8 1.8 170

Tennessee

4,910 3,073 62.6 2,972 60.5 102 3.3 1,836

Texas

20,306 13,519 66.6 13,026 64.1 494 3.7 6,786

Utah

2,266 1,604 70.8 1,567 69.1 37 2.3 662

Vermont

489 319 65.3 311 63.7 8 2.5 170

Virginia

5,903 3,941 66.8 3,828 64.9 113 2.9 1,962

Washington

5,489 3,689 67.2 3,532 64.4 157 4.3 1,799

West Virginia

1,259 707 56.1 680 54.0 27 3.8 552

Wisconsin

4,253 2,835 66.7 2,744 64.5 91 3.2 1,418

Wyoming

391 259 66.2 250 64.0 9 3.3 132

NOTE: Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces.


Table 7. Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by presence of service-connected disability, reported disability rating, period of service, and sex, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Presence of disability, reported disability rating,
period of service, and sex
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor force

TOTAL
VETERANS

Total

18,336 8,843 48.2 8,590 46.8 252 2.9 9,493

With service-connected disability

4,920 2,345 47.7 2,261 45.9 85 3.6 2,575

Less than 30 percent disability rating

1,144 603 52.6 581 50.8 21 3.5 542

30 to 50 percent disability rating

874 451 51.7 433 49.6 18 4.0 422

60 percent or higher disability rating

2,475 1,094 44.2 1,053 42.6 41 3.7 1,380

Disability rating not reported

427 197 46.1 192 45.0 5 2.3 230

Without service-connected disability

12,445 6,024 48.4 5,861 47.1 163 2.7 6,421

Presence of disability not reported

971 474 48.8 469 48.3 4 0.9 498

Gulf War era, total

Total

8,157 6,294 77.2 6,145 75.3 149 2.4 1,863

With service-connected disability

2,963 2,021 68.2 1,947 65.7 74 3.6 942

Less than 30 percent disability rating

565 435 77.0 414 73.3 21 4.7 130

30 to 50 percent disability rating

528 398 75.3 385 72.9 13 3.2 131

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,628 1,007 61.8 966 59.4 40 4.0 621

Disability rating not reported

242 182 75.2 182 75.2 - - 60

Without service-connected disability

4,727 3,935 83.3 3,861 81.7 75 1.9 791

Presence of disability not reported

467 338 72.2 338 72.2 - - 130

Gulf War era II

Total

4,898 3,929 80.2 3,838 78.4 91 2.3 968

With service-connected disability

1,985 1,475 74.3 1,425 71.8 50 3.4 510

Less than 30 percent disability rating

292 277 94.8 257 87.7 21 7.4 15

30 to 50 percent disability rating

368 293 79.8 283 77.1 10 3.4 74

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,144 754 65.9 735 64.2 19 2.6 390

Disability rating not reported

180 151 83.6 151 83.6 - - 30

Without service-connected disability

2,570 2,218 86.3 2,177 84.7 41 1.9 352

Presence of disability not reported

342 236 68.9 236 68.9 - - 107

Gulf War era I

Total

3,259 2,365 72.6 2,308 70.8 57 2.4 895

With service-connected disability

978 546 55.8 522 53.4 24 4.3 432

Less than 30 percent disability rating

273 158 57.9 158 57.9 - - 115

30 to 50 percent disability rating

161 104 64.9 102 63.2 3 2.6 56

60 percent or higher disability rating

483 253 52.3 232 47.9 21 8.3 231

Disability rating not reported

61 31 - 31 - - - 30

Without service-connected disability

2,156 1,717 79.6 1,684 78.1 33 1.9 439

Presence of disability not reported

125 102 81.4 102 81.4 - - 23

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

6,202 820 13.2 773 12.5 47 5.7 5,382

With service-connected disability

1,423 132 9.3 126 8.8 6 4.7 1,291

Less than 30 percent disability rating

406 68 16.7 67 16.6 0 - 338

30 to 50 percent disability rating

234 26 11.2 21 9.0 5 - 208

60 percent or higher disability rating

639 31 4.9 31 4.8 0 - 607

Disability rating not reported

144 6 4.5 6 4.5 - - 138

Without service-connected disability

4,481 658 14.7 618 13.8 40 6.1 3,822

Presence of disability not reported

298 30 9.9 30 9.9 - - 268

Other service periods

Total

3,977 1,729 43.5 1,672 42.0 57 3.3 2,248

With service-connected disability

534 192 35.9 187 35.1 5 2.4 342

Less than 30 percent disability rating

173 100 57.5 100 57.5 - - 73

30 to 50 percent disability rating

111 27 24.7 27 24.7 - - 84

60 percent or higher disability rating

208 56 27.1 56 27.1 - - 152

Disability rating not reported

42 9 - 4 - 5 - 33

Without service-connected disability

3,237 1,430 44.2 1,382 42.7 48 3.4 1,807

Presence of disability not reported

206 106 51.7 102 49.7 4 3.9 99

MEN
VETERANS

Total

16,306 7,583 46.5 7,370 45.2 214 2.8 8,723

With service-connected disability

4,283 1,951 45.6 1,879 43.9 72 3.7 2,331

Less than 30 percent disability rating

1,027 513 49.9 492 47.9 21 4.1 514

30 to 50 percent disability rating

792 411 51.9 396 50.0 15 3.7 381

60 percent or higher disability rating

2,089 875 41.9 840 40.2 36 4.1 1,214

Disability rating not reported

375 152 40.5 152 40.5 - - 223

Without service-connected disability

11,124 5,202 46.8 5,065 45.5 138 2.6 5,921

Presence of disability not reported

900 430 47.8 425 47.3 4 1.0 470

Gulf War era, total

Total

6,783 5,290 78.0 5,165 76.1 125 2.4 1,493

With service-connected disability

2,420 1,653 68.3 1,587 65.6 66 4.0 766

Less than 30 percent disability rating

485 361 74.5 341 70.2 21 5.7 124

30 to 50 percent disability rating

467 360 77.1 350 75.0 10 2.8 107

60 percent or higher disability rating

1,274 790 62.1 755 59.3 35 4.5 483

Disability rating not reported

194 141 72.9 141 72.9 - - 53

Without service-connected disability

3,935 3,329 84.6 3,270 83.1 59 1.8 606

Presence of disability not reported

429 308 71.9 308 71.9 - - 121

Gulf War era II

Total

4,033 3,276 81.2 3,201 79.4 75 2.3 757

With service-connected disability

1,571 1,179 75.0 1,129 71.9 49 4.2 392

Less than 30 percent disability rating

235 222 94.5 202 85.7 21 9.3 13

30 to 50 percent disability rating

324 267 82.6 257 79.5 10 3.7 56

60 percent or higher disability rating

870 572 65.7 553 63.5 19 3.3 298

Disability rating not reported

142 117 82.4 117 82.4 - - 25

Without service-connected disability

2,157 1,889 87.6 1,864 86.4 26 1.4 267

Presence of disability not reported

305 208 68.0 208 68.0 - - 97

Gulf War era I

Total

2,750 2,014 73.2 1,964 71.4 50 2.5 736

With service-connected disability

848 474 55.9 458 54.0 16 3.4 374

Less than 30 percent disability rating

249 139 55.6 139 55.6 - - 111

30 to 50 percent disability rating

144 93 64.6 93 64.6 - - 51

60 percent or higher disability rating

404 219 54.2 202 50.1 16 7.5 185

Disability rating not reported

51 24 - 24 - - - 28

Without service-connected disability

1,778 1,439 80.9 1,406 79.1 33 2.3 339

Presence of disability not reported

124 101 81.3 101 81.3 - - 23

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

5,955 760 12.8 714 12.0 47 6.1 5,195

With service-connected disability

1,380 122 8.8 115 8.4 6 5.1 1,259

Less than 30 percent disability rating

393 61 15.5 60 15.4 0 - 332

30 to 50 percent disability rating

224 24 10.6 18 8.2 5 - 200

60 percent or higher disability rating

619 31 4.9 30 4.9 0 - 589

Disability rating not reported

144 6 4.5 6 4.5 - - 138

Without service-connected disability

4,293 615 14.3 575 13.4 40 6.6 3,678

Presence of disability not reported

282 23 8.3 23 8.3 - - 258

Other service periods

Total

3,568 1,533 43.0 1,491 41.8 42 2.8 2,035

With service-connected disability

483 177 36.6 177 36.6 - - 306

Less than 30 percent disability rating

149 91 61.0 91 61.0 - - 58

30 to 50 percent disability rating

101 27 27.2 27 27.2 - - 73

60 percent or higher disability rating

196 54 27.7 54 27.7 - - 142

Disability rating not reported

37 4 - 4 - - - 33

Without service-connected disability

2,896 1,259 43.5 1,221 42.1 38 3.0 1,637

Presence of disability not reported

189 98 51.8 94 49.6 4 4.3 91

WOMEN
VETERANS

Total

2,030 1,259 62.0 1,221 60.1 38 3.0 771

With service-connected disability

637 394 61.8 381 59.8 12 3.2 243

Less than 30 percent disability rating

117 90 76.3 90 76.3 - - 28

30 to 50 percent disability rating

82 40 49.0 37 45.7 3 - 42

60 percent or higher disability rating

386 219 56.8 214 55.4 5 2.4 167

Disability rating not reported

52 45 - 40 - 5 - 7

Without service-connected disability

1,321 822 62.2 796 60.2 26 3.2 500

Presence of disability not reported

72 44 - 44 - - - 28

Gulf War era, total

Total

1,374 1,004 73.1 980 71.4 24 2.4 370

With service-connected disability

543 368 67.7 360 66.3 8 2.1 175

Without service-connected disability

792 607 76.6 591 74.6 16 2.6 185

Presence of disability not reported

38 29 - 29 - - - 9

Gulf War era II

Total

865 653 75.6 637 73.7 16 2.5 211

With service-connected disability

414 296 71.7 296 71.5 1 0.2 117

Without service-connected disability

414 329 79.5 313 75.6 16 4.8 85

Presence of disability not reported

37 28 - 28 - - - 9

Gulf War era I

Total

509 351 68.9 343 67.4 7 2.1 159

With service-connected disability

130 72 55.2 64 49.5 7 - 58

Without service-connected disability

378 278 73.5 278 73.5 - - 100

Presence of disability not reported

1 1 - 1 - - - -

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era

Total

247 60 24.2 60 24.2 - - 187

With service-connected disability

43 10 - 10 - - - 32

Without service-connected disability

188 43 23.0 43 23.0 - - 144

Presence of disability not reported

17 6 - 6 - - - 10

Other service periods

Total

409 195 47.7 181 44.2 15 7.5 214

With service-connected disability

51 15 - 11 - 5 - 36

Without service-connected disability

342 172 50.2 162 47.3 10 5.9 170

Presence of disability not reported

16 8 - 8 - - - 8

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 8. Employed persons 18 years and over by veteran status, presence of service-connected disability, period of service, and class of worker, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted
Veteran status, presence of disability, and
period of service
Total
Employed
(thousands)
Percent distribution by class of worker
Total Agriculture
and related
industries
Nonagricultural industries
Total Wage and salary workers(1) Self-
employed,
unincorpo-
rated, and
unpaid
family
workers
Private
sector
Government
Total Federal State and
local

Veterans, total(2)

8,590 100.0 1.4 98.6 70.3 23.2 10.2 13.1 5.0

With service-connected disability

2,261 100.0 1.5 98.5 66.9 27.4 17.7 9.7 4.2

Without service-connected disability

5,861 100.0 1.5 98.5 71.5 21.5 7.2 14.3 5.5

Gulf War era, total(2)

6,145 100.0 0.6 99.4 70.8 25.0 11.4 13.7 3.5

With service-connected disability

1,947 100.0 0.7 99.3 67.9 27.9 18.4 9.5 3.5

Without service-connected disability

3,861 100.0 0.6 99.4 72.3 23.5 7.7 15.8 3.6

Gulf War era II(2)

3,838 100.0 0.8 99.2 71.0 25.0 11.7 13.3 3.3

With service-connected disability

1,425 100.0 0.9 99.1 70.1 25.7 15.2 10.5 3.2

Without service-connected disability

2,177 100.0 0.8 99.2 71.1 24.4 9.2 15.2 3.6

Gulf War era I(2)

2,308 100.0 0.3 99.7 70.6 25.2 10.8 14.4 3.9

With service-connected disability

522 100.0 - 100.0 61.9 34.0 27.0 6.9 4.1

Without service-connected disability

1,684 100.0 0.4 99.6 73.7 22.3 5.7 16.6 3.6

WW II, Korean War, and Vietnam era(2)

773 100.0 8.1 91.9 72.1 8.3 0.9 7.4 11.6

With service-connected disability

126 100.0 15.3 84.7 66.2 8.3 - 8.3 10.2

Without service-connected disability

618 100.0 7.0 93.0 72.5 8.7 1.1 7.5 11.8

Other service periods(2)

1,672 100.0 1.1 98.9 67.8 23.6 10.2 13.4 7.6

With service-connected disability

187 100.0 0.5 99.5 57.2 35.3 23.1 12.3 7.0

Without service-connected disability

1,382 100.0 1.3 98.7 69.1 21.7 8.7 13.1 7.9

Nonveterans

147,662 100.0 1.4 98.6 80.0 12.8 2.1 10.7 5.8

(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Includes veterans who did not report presence of disability.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent wartime period. Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified in the most recent one. Veterans who served in both a wartime period and any other service period are classified in the wartime period. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." More information appears in the Technical Note of this release. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 9. Employment status of Gulf War-era veterans by Reserve or National Guard status, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Period of service and Reserve or National Guard
status
Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Total Percent of
labor
force

VETERANS

Gulf War era, total

Total

8,157 6,294 77.2 6,145 75.3 149 2.4 1,863

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

2,787 2,266 81.3 2,207 79.2 59 2.6 521

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

5,226 3,914 74.9 3,824 73.2 90 2.3 1,312

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

144 114 79.4 114 79.4 - - 30

Gulf War era II

Total

4,898 3,929 80.2 3,838 78.4 91 2.3 968

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

1,645 1,403 85.3 1,358 82.6 45 3.2 242

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

3,162 2,450 77.5 2,404 76.0 46 1.9 712

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

91 76 83.5 76 83.5 - - 15

Gulf War era I

Total

3,259 2,365 72.6 2,308 70.8 57 2.4 895

Current or past member of Reserve or National Guard

1,142 863 75.5 849 74.3 13 1.6 280

Never a member of Reserve or National Guard

2,065 1,464 70.9 1,420 68.8 44 3.0 600

Reserve or National Guard membership not reported

53 38 - 38 - - - 15

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. The Gulf War era began in August 1990 and continues to the present day. It is divided into two periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present) and Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001). Veterans are counted in only one period of service, their most recent period. Data do not include Reserve and National Guard members who have never been called to Active Duty. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Table 10. Employment status of Gulf War-era II veterans 18 years and over by location of service, August 2022, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Period of service and location Civilian
noninsti-
tutional
population
Civilian labor force Not in labor
force
Total Percent of
population
Employed Unemployed
Total Percent of
population
Number Rate

Total, Gulf War-era II veterans

4,898 3,929 80.2 3,838 78.4 91 2.3 968

Served in Iraq, Afghanistan, or both(1)

2,049 1,650 80.5 1,613 78.7 37 2.3 399

Served in Iraq(2)

1,533 1,199 78.2 1,171 76.4 28 2.4 334

Served in Afghanistan(3)

1,115 919 82.5 904 81.1 15 1.6 195

Served in both locations(4)

599 468 78.2 462 77.2 6 1.3 130

Served elsewhere

2,848 2,279 80.0 2,225 78.1 54 2.4 569

(1) Refers to veterans who served in Iraq at anytime since March 2003 and veterans who served in Afghanistan at anytime since October 2001. Also includes veterans who served in both countries.
(2) Includes all veterans who served in Iraq at any time since March 2003, whether or not they also served in Afghanistan.
(3) Includes all veterans who served in Afghanistan at any time since October 2001, whether or not they also served in Iraq.
(4) Veterans who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan during the designated dates are also included in the totals of each location above.

NOTE: Veterans are men and women who served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Gulf War-era II veterans served anywhere in the world at any time since September 2001. Beginning with data for August 2015, estimates from the veterans supplement reflect a change in the weighting methodology. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


Last Modified Date: March 21, 2023