TEXT Table 1. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, race, and Hispanic origin, September Table 2. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and age, September 1993, not seasonally Table 3. Employed men 18 years and over by occupation, veteran status, and period of service, September 1993, not seasonally Table 4. Employment status of male veterans 18 years and over by period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and Table 5. Employed men 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and Table 6. Male veterans 18 years and over by period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and use of veterans' Table 7. Disabled male veterans 18 years and over by period of service, disability rating, and effect of Table 8. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status and period of service, September 1993, not seasonally Technical information: (202) 606-6378 USDL 94-517 606-6373 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, October 21, 1994 EMPLOYMENT SITUATION OF VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS The labor market situation of veterans who served in the Vietnam war theater was little different from that of other Vietnam-era veterans or their nonveteran peers, according to the results of a September 1993 survey issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor. The survey also showed that about 10 percent of Vietnam-era veterans had a service-connected disability and that about half of the veterans had participated in special education and training programs. This survey of veterans was conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the Census as a special supplement to the September 1993 Current Population Survey (CPS). It was co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor's Veterans Employment and Training Service and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. For a description of the survey, including a definition of terms used in this release, see the Technical Note. (These data do not reflect changes made to the CPS which were implemented in January 1994.) Characteristics of Vietnam-era Veterans About 8 million men served during the Vietnam era (the period from August 1964 to May 1975). Of this number, the vast majority--nearly 9 in 10--were between the ages of 35 and 54 in September 1993. (References to nonveterans in the following text relate to 35- to 54-year-olds, whereas data in the tables are for all nonveterans ages 18 and over.) Nine percent of Vietnam-era veterans were black and 3 percent were Hispanic. (See tables 1 and 2.) (Information on female veterans and on male veterans who served either before or after the Vietnam era also was collected in this special supplement and a summary of results is presented later in this release.) Vietnam-theater Veterans About half (3.9 million) of the male veterans from the Vietnam era served in the Vietnam theater of operations. In September 1993, their proportion in the labor force--or labor force participation rate--was 88 percent, about the same as the rate for both non-theater veterans and for male 35-to 54-year-olds who had never served in the Armed Forces. The unemployment rate for Vietnam-theater veterans was relatively low (3.9 percent) and not much different than the rate for non-theater veterans. (See tables 1 and 2.) Disabled Veterans of the Vietnam era About 820,000, or 1 in 10, veterans of the Vietnam era reported having a service-connected disability. Of this number, about 570,000 (or 70 - 2 - percent) served in Southeast Asia. Veterans with a service-connected disability are assigned a disability rating of 0 to 100 percent, depending on the severity of the condition. Three-fifths of the disabled Vietnam-era veterans had disability ratings of less than 30 percent. The labor force participation rate of these veterans was 82 percent, 9 percentage points lower than that of non-disabled veterans; however both groups experienced similar unemployment rates (about 4 percent). Of the veterans reporting the most serious service-connected disabilities--a disability rating of 60 percent or more--only 1 in 5 was in the labor force. (See table 4.) While disabled and nondisabled veterans were found to be working in similar occupations, there was a marked difference in their place of employment. Twenty percent of the disabled veterans were employed by the federal government, compared with about 8 percent of the nondisabled. Among nonveterans, the proportion in federal jobs was 2 percent. (See table 5.) Effect of disability Disabled veterans were asked in the survey whether their disability had ever prevented them from obtaining or keeping a job. Overall, about 3 in 10 disabled veterans from the Vietnam era reported that this had occurred. Among those who were unemployed or not in the labor force in September 1993, about 4 in 10 perceived their disability to be an obstacle in the labor market. (See table 7.) Use of Veterans' Programs by Vietnam-era Veterans Nearly one-half of the male veterans from the Vietnam era participated in special education and training programs following their military discharge. Disabled veterans were more likely than non-disabled veterans to have participated in such programs. By far the most popular program was the GI Bill, which was used by nearly everyone who had used any of the programs. (See table 6.) Female Veterans of the Vietnam era Out of a total of 1.2 million female veterans, 180,000 served during the Vietnam era, comprising about 2 percent of all veterans of that period. Their labor force participation rate (82 percent) was higher than that of nonveteran women ages 35 to 54 (75 percent). The unemployment rate for female veterans of the Vietnam era was 7.0 percent, compared with 4.8 percent for women who had not served in the Armed Forces. (See table 8.) Veterans of Other Service Periods The survey found that a total of 24.5 million men had served in the Armed Forces; of this number, 16.5 million had served either before or after the Vietnam era. The majority (10.3 million) were veterans of earlier wars, primarily World War II and Korea. The low labor force participation rate of the veterans of earlier wars--31 percent--mainly reflects their age; nearly all were over 55 years of age and about 70 percent were at least 65 years old. Service-connected disabilities also affected their labor market participation. Of the 1 million (10 percent) - 3 - of these veterans who reported having a service-connected disability, only 20 percent were in the labor force. (See tables 2 and 4.) Another 6.2 million male veterans served during peacetime, mainly during the period between the Korean and Vietnam wars and the period since Vietnam. Six percent of them, or about 360,000, reported having a service- connected disability. The labor force participation rate for the disabled was 75 percent, compared with 88 percent for those without disabilities. (See table 4.) - 4 - TECHNICAL NOTE The estimates in this release were obtained from a supplement to the September 1993 Current Population Survey (CPS). This survey included special questions asked of persons 18 years of age and older regarding their prior service in the Armed Forces and whether they had a service- connected disability. These supplemental questions were sponsored jointly by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Service and Bureau of Labor Statistics. The CPS is a monthly sample survey of households that provides information on the employment status of the population and demographic and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force. It is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the Bureau of the Census. The September 1993 survey of nearly 60,000 households was conducted during the week of September 19-25 and refers to the status of individuals during the preceding week (September 12-18). For a further description of the survey and possible sampling and nonsampling errors which are inherent in any sample survey, see the Explanatory Notes of the monthly periodical Employment and Earnings. The definitions underlying the data in this release are as follows: Veteran status is provided from responses to the question, "Did you ever serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?" Period of service is provided from answers to the question asked of veterans, "When did you serve?" The following service periods are identified: Vietnam era -- August 1964-May 1975 Korean war -- June 1950-January 1955 World War II -- September 1940-July 1947 World War I -- April 1917-November 1918 Peacetime -- All other periods Vietnam-theater status is determined from responses to the following question asked of Vietnam-era veterans: "Did you serve in Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia; in the waters in or around these countries; or fly missions over these areas between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975?" Presence of service-connected disability is provided by answers to the question, "Has the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) or the Department of Defense determined that you have a service-connected disability; that is, a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service?" Effect of service-connected disability on veterans' employment experience is determined by answers to the questions, "Did your service- connected disability ever prevent you from getting or holding a job in the past?" and "Does this disability currently keep you from getting or holding a job?" The first question was asked of all disabled veterans; the second was asked only of those who were either unemployed or not in the labor force. - 5 - Service-connected disability rating is based on answers to the question, "What is your current service-connected disability rating?" Answers can range from 0 to 100 percent. Ratings are determined from a rating schedule published in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 38, "Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans Relief," Part 4--"Schedule for Rating Disabilities." The rating schedule is "primarily a guide in the evaluations of disability resulting from all types of diseases and injuries encountered as a result of or incident to military service. The percentage ratings represent as far as can practicably be determined the average impairment in earning capacity resulting from such diseases and injuries and their residual conditions in civil occupations." Part 4 contains a listing of hundreds of possible disorders and assigns ratings of 0 through 100 percent in steps of 10 percent for each, with instructions for rating multiple disorders. Although the schedule's ratings are based primarily on the average impairment in earnings capacity, "full consideration must be given to unusual physical or mental effects in individual cases, to peculiar effects of occupational activities, to defects in physical or mental endowment preventing the usual amount of success in overcoming the handicap or disability and to the effect of combination of disability" (Section 4.15). Use of veterans' education and training programs is based on answers to the question, "Have you ever used any of the following programs?" Under the GI Bill: Education assistance On-the-job training Apprenticeship Montgomery GI Bill or Veterans' Educational Assistance Program (VEAP) VA Vocational Rehabilitation Under U.S. Department of Labor-sponsored programs: Transition Assistance Program (TAP) Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) Job Service/Unemployment Insurance/Veterans' Representatives Employed persons are (a) all persons who, during the survey reference week, did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise; and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Unemployed persons are all persons who had no employment during the survey reference week, were available for work except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed. - 6 - The civilian labor force comprises all persons classified as employed or unemployed. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. Not in the labor force includes all persons who are not classified as employed or unemployed. Occupation and class of worker for the employed relate to the job held in the survey reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. In terms of class-of-worker categories, wage and salary workers are those who receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit; self-employed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm; and unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family. Table 1. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, race, and Hispanic origin, September 1993, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Civilian labor force | | | | __________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Civilian | | | | Unemployed | Not in Veteran status, period of service, race, | noninsti- | | Percent | | | labor ______________________ and Hispanic origin | tutional | | of | | | | force | population | Total | popu- | Employed | | Percent | | | | lation | | Number | of | | | | | | | labor | | | | | | | force | | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TOTAL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over.......................| 89,391 | 68,174 | 76.3 | 64,089 | 4,085 | 6.0 | 21,217 | | | | | | | Veterans1/...................................| 24,493 | 15,676 | 64.0 | 14,905 | 770 | 4.9 | 8,817 | | | | | | | War veterans...............................| 18,256 | 10,234 | 56.1 | 9,750 | 484 | 4.7 | 8,022 Vietnam era..............................| 7,950 | 7,057 | 88.8 | 6,745 | 313 | 4.4 | 893 Vietnam theater........................| 3,905 | 3,423 | 87.7 | 3,291 | 132 | 3.9 | 482 Outside the Vietnam theater............| 4,045 | 3,635 | 89.8 | 3,454 | 181 | 5.0 | 411 Other war veterans.......................| 10,306 | 3,177 | 30.8 | 3,005 | 172 | 5.4 | 7,129 Peacetime veterans.........................| 6,237 | 5,441 | 87.2 | 5,155 | 286 | 5.3 | 796 | | | | | | | Nonveterans..................................| 64,898 | 52,499 | 80.9 | 49,184 | 3,315 | 6.3 | 12,399 | | | | | | | White | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over.......................| 76,477 | 58,864 | 77.0 | 55,800 | 3,064 | 5.2 | 17,613 | | | | | | | Veterans1/...................................| 21,938 | 13,988 | 63.8 | 13,350 | 639 | 4.6 | 7,950 | | | | | | | War veterans...............................| 16,608 | 9,327 | 56.2 | 8,933 | 394 | 4.2 | 7,280 Vietnam era..............................| 7,132 | 6,391 | 89.6 | 6,141 | 250 | 3.9 | 741 Vietnam theater........................| 3,435 | 3,051 | 88.8 | 2,948 | 103 | 3.4 | 384 Outside the Vietnam theater............| 3,698 | 3,340 | 90.3 | 3,193 | 147 | 4.4 | 358 Other war veterans.......................| 9,475 | 2,936 | 31.0 | 2,792 | 145 | 4.9 | 6,539 Peacetime veterans.........................| 5,330 | 4,661 | 87.4 | 4,416 | 244 | 5.2 | 669 | | | | | | | Nonveterans..................................| 54,539 | 44,876 | 82.3 | 42,451 | 2,425 | 5.4 | 9,663 | | | | | | | Black | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over.......................| 9,560 | 6,770 | 70.8 | 5,939 | 831 | 12.3 | 2,790 | | | | | | | Veterans1/...................................| 2,159 | 1,415 | 65.5 | 1,298 | 117 | 8.3 | 744 | | | | | | | War veterans...............................| 1,367 | 734 | 53.6 | 656 | 78 | 10.6 | 634 Vietnam era..............................| 678 | 549 | 80.9 | 491 | 59 | 10.7 | 129 Vietnam theater........................| 397 | 309 | 77.9 | 282 | 27 | 8.7 | 88 Outside the Vietnam theater............| 282 | 240 | 85.2 | 208 | 32 | 13.2 | 42 Other war veterans.......................| 689 | 184 | 26.8 | 165 | 19 | 10.5 | 505 Peacetime veterans.........................| 792 | 682 | 86.1 | 643 | 39 | 5.7 | 110 | | | | | | | Nonveterans..................................| 7,401 | 5,354 | 72.4 | 4,641 | 714 | 13.3 | 2,046 | | | | | | | Hispanic origin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over.......................| 7,563 | 6,288 | 83.1 | 5,762 | 526 | 8.4 | 1,275 | | | | | | | Veterans1/...................................| 785 | 559 | 71.3 | 527 | 32 | 5.7 | 226 | | | | | | | War veterans...............................| 509 | 307 | 60.3 | 297 | 10 | 3.3 | 202 Vietnam era..............................| 254 | 229 | 90.4 | 224 | 5 | 2.1 | 24 Vietnam theater........................| 137 | 118 | 85.9 | 113 | 5 | 4.1 | 19 Outside the Vietnam theater............| 116 | 111 | 95.7 | 111 | - | - | 5 Other war veterans.......................| 255 | 78 | 30.4 | 72 | 5 | 6.7 | 178 Peacetime veterans.........................| 276 | 253 | 91.5 | 231 | 22 | 8.6 | 23 | | | | | | | Nonveterans..................................| 6,778 | 5,729 | 84.5 | 5,235 | 494 | 8.6 | 1,049 | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam-era veterans under 30 years of age or any other war veterans under 45 years of age. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Explanatory Note of this release. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Table 2. Employment status of men 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and age, September 1993, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Civilian labor force | | | | __________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Civilian | | | | Unemployed | Not in Veteran status, period of service, and age | noninsti- | | Percent | | | labor ______________________ | tutional | | of | | | | force | population | Total | popu- | Employed | | Percent | | | | lation | | Number | of | | | | | | | labor | | | | | | | force | | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | VETERANS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over.......................| 24,493 | 15,676 | 64.0 | 14,905 | 770 | 4.9 | 8,817 18 to 24 years...............................| 391 | 368 | 94.0 | 327 | 41 | 11.0 | 23 25 to 34 years...............................| 1,982 | 1,868 | 94.2 | 1,760 | 108 | 5.8 | 114 35 to 44 years...............................| 3,973 | 3,684 | 92.7 | 3,478 | 207 | 5.6 | 289 45 to 54 years...............................| 5,455 | 5,039 | 92.4 | 4,855 | 184 | 3.7 | 416 55 to 64 years...............................| 5,221 | 3,367 | 64.5 | 3,180 | 187 | 5.6 | 1,854 65 years and over............................| 7,471 | 1,350 | 18.1 | 1,306 | 44 | 3.2 | 6,121 | | | | | | | War veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 30 years and over1/.....................| 18,256 | 10,234 | 56.1 | 9,750 | 484 | 4.7 | 8,022 30 to 34 years...............................| 34 | 34 | (2) | 34 | - | (2) | - 35 to 44 years...............................| 2,879 | 2,675 | 92.9 | 2,522 | 153 | 5.7 | 204 45 to 54 years...............................| 4,222 | 3,918 | 92.8 | 3,776 | 142 | 3.6 | 304 55 to 64 years...............................| 3,826 | 2,292 | 59.9 | 2,145 | 147 | 6.4 | 1,534 65 years and over............................| 7,295 | 1,315 | 18.0 | 1,273 | 42 | 3.2 | 5,980 | | | | | | | Vietnam era | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 30 years and over1/.....................| 7,950 | 7,057 | 88.8 | 6,745 | 313 | 4.4 | 893 30 to 34 years...............................| 34 | 34 | (2) | 34 | - | (2) | - 35 to 44 years...............................| 2,879 | 2,675 | 92.9 | 2,522 | 153 | 5.7 | 204 45 to 54 years...............................| 4,186 | 3,892 | 93.0 | 3,750 | 142 | 3.6 | 294 55 to 64 years...............................| 648 | 416 | 64.2 | 399 | 17 | 4.1 | 232 65 years and over............................| 203 | 40 | 19.6 | 40 | - | (2) | 163 | | | | | | | Vietnam theater | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 30 years and over1/.....................| 3,905 | 3,423 | 87.7 | 3,291 | 132 | 3.9 | 482 30 to 34 years...............................| 15 | 15 | (2) | 15 | - | (2) | - 35 to 44 years...............................| 1,307 | 1,203 | 92.1 | 1,137 | 66 | 5.5 | 103 45 to 54 years...............................| 2,101 | 1,935 | 92.1 | 1,874 | 61 | 3.2 | 166 55 to 64 years...............................| 371 | 248 | 66.7 | 243 | 5 | 1.9 | 123 65 years and over............................| 110 | 21 | 19.3 | 21 | - | (2) | 89 | | | | | | | Outside the vietnam theater | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 30 years and over1/.....................| 4,045 | 3,635 | 89.8 | 3,454 | 181 | 5.0 | 411 30 to 34 years...............................| 19 | 19 | (2) | 19 | - | (2) | - 35 to 44 years...............................| 1,572 | 1,472 | 93.6 | 1,385 | 87 | 5.9 | 100 45 to 54 years...............................| 2,085 | 1,957 | 93.9 | 1,876 | 81 | 4.1 | 128 55 to 64 years...............................| 277 | 168 | 60.8 | 156 | 13 | 7.5 | 108 65 years and over............................| 93 | 19 | 20.1 | 19 | - | (2) | 74 | | | | | | | Other war veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 45 years and over1/.....................| 10,306 | 3,177 | 30.8 | 3,005 | 172 | 5.4 | 7,129 45 to 54 years...............................| 36 | 26 | (2) | 26 | - | - | 10 55 to 64 years...............................| 3,178 | 1,876 | 59.0 | 1,746 | 130 | 6.9 | 1,302 65 years and over............................| 7,092 | 1,276 | 18.0 | 1,233 | 42 | 3.3 | 5,817 | | | | | | | Peacetime veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over.......................| 6,237 | 5,441 | 87.2 | 5,155 | 286 | 5.3 | 796 18 to 24 years...............................| 391 | 368 | 94.0 | 327 | 41 | 11.0 | 23 25 to 34 years...............................| 1,948 | 1,834 | 94.1 | 1,726 | 108 | 5.9 | 114 35 to 44 years...............................| 1,094 | 1,009 | 92.2 | 956 | 53 | 5.3 | 85 45 to 54 years...............................| 1,233 | 1,121 | 90.9 | 1,079 | 42 | 3.8 | 112 55 to 64 years...............................| 1,395 | 1,075 | 77.1 | 1,035 | 40 | 3.7 | 320 65 years and over............................| 175 | 34 | 19.5 | 33 | 1 | (2) | 141 | | | | | | | NONVETERANS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over.......................| 64,898 | 52,499 | 80.9 | 49,184 | 3,315 | 6.3 | 12,399 18 to 24 years...............................| 11,494 | 8,748 | 76.1 | 7,690 | 1,058 | 12.1 | 2,745 25 to 34 years...............................| 18,324 | 17,072 | 93.2 | 16,075 | 997 | 5.8 | 1,252 35 to 44 years...............................| 15,969 | 14,939 | 93.5 | 14,268 | 671 | 4.5 | 1,030 45 to 54 years...............................| 8,712 | 7,792 | 89.4 | 7,387 | 405 | 5.2 | 919 55 to 64 years...............................| 4,760 | 3,186 | 66.9 | 3,032 | 154 | 4.8 | 1,574 65 years and over............................| 5,638 | 761 | 13.5 | 731 | 30 | 3.9 | 4,878 | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam-era veterans under 30 years of age or any other war veterans under 45 years of age. 2/ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Explanatory Note of this release. Table 3. Employed men 18 years and over by occupation, veteran status, and period of service, September 1993, not seasonally adjusted (Percent distribution) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | Veterans1/ | | | ___________________________________________________________ | | | | | | War veterans | | | | | | __________________________________________ | | | | | |Nonvet- Occupation | | | Vietnam era | | Peace- | erans | Total | | | | time | _________________________ | | | | | | Other |veterans| | | Total | | |Outside | war | | | | | Total |Vietnam | the |veterans| | | | | |theater |Vietnam | | | | | | | |theater | | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over (thousands).......................| 14,905| 9,750| 6,745| 3,291| 3,454| 3,005| 5,155| 49,184 Percent................................................| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0| 100.0 | | | | | | | | Managerial and professional speciality...................| 27.4| 29.9| 29.0| 26.6| 31.3| 31.9| 22.8| 25.9 Executive, adminstrative, and managerial...............| 16.1| 17.3| 16.8| 15.9| 17.7| 18.3| 13.8| 13.4 Professional speciality................................| 11.4| 12.6| 12.2| 10.6| 13.6| 13.6| 9.0| 12.5 | | | | | | | | Technical, sales, and administrative support.............| 21.4| 21.5| 21.0| 20.6| 21.3| 22.6| 21.3| 19.5 Technicians and related support........................| 3.5| 2.9| 3.3| 3.0| 3.6| 1.9| 4.6| 2.9 Sales occupations......................................| 10.8| 11.4| 9.7| 8.9| 10.4| 15.1| 9.9| 11.1 Administrative support, including clerical.............| 7.1| 7.2| 8.0| 8.7| 7.3| 5.6| 6.8| 5.5 | | | | | | | | Service occupations......................................| 9.2| 8.5| 8.3| 8.9| 7.7| 9.2| 10.5| 9.8 Protective service.....................................| 4.4| 4.4| 4.6| 5.2| 4.1| 3.8| 4.5| 2.2 Other service occupations..............................| 4.8| 4.2| 3.6| 3.7| 3.6| 5.3| 6.0| 7.6 | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, and repair..................| 20.1| 19.4| 22.3| 22.5| 22.2| 12.8| 21.3| 19.4 Mechanics and repairers................................| 7.5| 7.1| 8.4| 7.9| 8.9| 4.2| 8.3| 6.6 Construction trades....................................| 7.5| 7.3| 8.1| 8.4| 7.8| 5.5| 7.8| 8.4 Other precision production, craft, and repair..........| 5.1| 5.0| 5.8| 6.2| 5.5| 3.1| 5.2| 4.5 | | | | | | | | Operators, fabricators, and laborers.....................| 17.8| 15.9| 16.5| 18.6| 14.6| 14.4| 21.4| 20.5 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors..........| 6.2| 5.6| 6.2| 6.6| 5.9| 4.3| 7.4| 7.4 Transportation and material moving occupations.........| 8.0| 7.5| 7.7| 8.9| 6.4| 7.2| 8.8| 6.9 Handlers, epuipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers....| 3.6| 2.7| 2.7| 3.1| 2.2| 2.9| 5.2| 6.2 | | | | | | | | Farming, forestry, and fishing...........................| 4.1| 4.8| 3.0| 2.9| 3.0| 9.1| 2.6| 4.8 | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam-era veterans under 30 years of age or any other war veterans under 45 years of age. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Explanatory Note of this release. Table 4. Employment status of male veterans 18 years and over by period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and reported disability rating, September 1993, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Civilian labor force | | | | __________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Civilian | | | | Unemployed | Not in Period of service, presence of disability, and | noninsti- | | Percent | | | labor ______________________ reported disability rating | tutional | | of | | | | force | population | Total | popu- | Employed | | Percent | | | | lation | | Number | of | | | | | | | labor | | | | | | | force | | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ALL VETERANS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connceted disability..............| 2,180 | 1,033 | 47.4 | 981 | 52 | 5.1 | 1,147 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 1,295 | 734 | 56.6 | 692 | 42 | 5.7 | 562 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 486 | 220 | 45.4 | 214 | 7 | 3.0 | 265 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 253 | 30 | 12.0 | 29 | 1 | (1) | 222 Disability rating not reported...............| 146 | 49 | 33.6 | 47 | 2 | (1) | 97 Without service-connected disability...........| 20,640 | 13,547 | 65.6 | 12,881 | 666 | 4.9 | 7,093 Presence of dosability not reported............| 1,673 | 1,096 | 65.5 | 1,044 | 52 | 4.7 | 577 | | | | | | | War veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connceted disability..............| 1,824 | 768 | 42.1 | 737 | 31 | 4.0 | 1,056 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 1,053 | 541 | 51.3 | 518 | 23 | 4.2 | 512 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 421 | 167 | 39.6 | 163 | 4 | 2.5 | 254 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 222 | 28 | 12.6 | 27 | 1 | (1) | 194 Disability rating not reported...............| 127 | 32 | 25.4 | 30 | 2 | (1) | 95 Without service-connected disability...........| 15,232 | 8,783 | 57.7 | 8,355 | 427 | 4.9 | 6,449 Presence of dosability not reported............| 1,201 | 684 | 57.0 | 658 | 26 | 3.8 | 517 | | | | | | | Vietnam era | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connceted disability..............| 819 | 569 | 69.5 | 549 | 20 | 3.5 | 250 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 489 | 403 | 82.4 | 388 | 16 | 3.9 | 86 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 203 | 127 | 62.4 | 122 | 4 | 3.3 | 76 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 89 | 19 | 20.8 | 19 | - | (1) | 71 Disability rating not reported...............| 38 | 21 | (1) | 21 | - | (1) | 17 Without service-connected disability...........| 6,533 | 5,979 | 91.5 | 5,710 | 269 | 4.5 | 555 Presence of dosability not reported............| 598 | 509 | 85.2 | 486 | 24 | 4.7 | 88 | | | | | | | Vietnam theater | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connceted disability..............| 569 | 378 | 66.5 | 372 | 6 | 1.6 | 191 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 312 | 250 | 80.1 | 246 | 4 | 1.6 | 62 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 151 | 95 | 62.7 | 93 | 2 | 2.2 | 56 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 73 | 18 | (1) | 18 | - | (1) | 56 Disability rating not reported...............| 33 | 16 | (1) | 16 | - | (1) | 17 Without service-connected disability...........| 3,061 | 2,809 | 91.8 | 2,695 | 115 | 4.1 | 251 Presence of dosability not reported............| 275 | 235 | 85.5 | 224 | 11 | 4.8 | 40 | | | | | | | Outside the Vietnam theater | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connceted disability..............| 250 | 191 | 76.4 | 177 | 14 | 7.3 | 59 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 177 | 153 | 86.5 | 142 | 12 | 7.7 | 24 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 52 | 32 | (1) | 30 | 2 | (1) | 20 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 16 | 1 | (1) | 1 | - | (1) | 15 Disability rating not reported...............| 5 | 5 | (1) | 5 | - | (1) | - Without service-connected disability...........| 3,473 | 3,169 | 91.3 | 3,015 | 154 | 4.9 | 303 Presence of dosability not reported............| 323 | 274 | 85.0 | 262 | 13 | 4.6 | 48 | | | | | | | Other war veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connceted disability..............| 1,005 | 199 | 19.8 | 188 | 11 | 5.4 | 806 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 564 | 137 | 24.3 | 130 | 7 | 5.1 | 427 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 218 | 40 | 18.4 | 40 | - | (1) | 178 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 132 | 9 | 7.1 | 8 | 1 | (1) | 123 Disability rating not reported...............| 90 | 12 | 13.0 | 9 | 2 | (1) | 78 Without service-connected disability...........| 8,698 | 2,804 | 32.2 | 2,645 | 159 | 5.7 | 5,895 Presence of dosability not reported............| 603 | 174 | 28.9 | 172 | 2 | 1.4 | 428 | | | | | | | Peacetime veterans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | With service-connceted disability..............| 357 | 266 | 74.5 | 244 | 22 | 8.1 | 91 Less then 30 percent disability rating.......| 242 | 193 | 79.7 | 174 | 19 | 9.9 | 49 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 65 | 54 | (1) | 51 | 2 | (1) | 11 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 31 | 2 | (1) | 2 | - | (1) | 28 Disability rating not reported...............| 19 | 17 | (1) | 17 | - | (1) | 2 Without service-connected disability...........| 5,408 | 4,764 | 88.1 | 4,525 | 239 | 5.0 | 644 Presence of dosability not reported............| 472 | 412 | 87.2 | 386 | 26 | 6.3 | 61 | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam-era veterans under 30 years of age or any other war veterans under 45 years of age. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." Additional information on periods of service and service-connected disability ratings appears in the Explanatory Note of this release. Table 5. Employed men 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and class of worker, September 1993, not reasonally adjusted _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Percent distribution by class of worker | | | | ________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Nonagricultural wage and salary | Veteran status, period of service, and presence| Total | | workers | Agricultural of disability |employed1/ | | | wage and |(thousands) | | | | salary, | | Total | | Government |self-employed, | | | | | and unpaid _____________________________ | | | Private | | | | | | | sector | | | State | familify | | | | Total | Federal | and | workers | | | | | | local | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All veterans...................................| 14,905 | 100.0 | 67.5 | 18.2 | 6.5 | 11.6 | 14.3 With service-connceted disability............| 981 | 100.0 | 57.6 | 29.0 | 16.1 | 12.9 | 13.4 Without service connected disability.........| 12,881 | 100.0 | 68.1 | 17.5 | 6.1 | 11.5 | 14.3 | | | | | | | War veterans.................................| 9,750 | 100.0 | 64.9 | 18.8 | 6.9 | 11.9 | 16.3 With service-connceted disability..........| 737 | 100.0 | 55.0 | 29.4 | 15.9 | 13.5 | 15.5 Without service connected disability.......| 8,355 | 100.0 | 65.4 | 18.2 | 6.4 | 11.9 | 16.4 | | | | | | | Vietnam era................................| 6,745 | 100.0 | 67.6 | 20.9 | 8.3 | 12.6 | 11.5 With service-connceted disability........| 549 | 100.0 | 54.8 | 35.9 | 19.7 | 16.2 | 9.3 Without service connected disability.....| 5,710 | 100.0 | 68.3 | 20.0 | 7.7 | 12.3 | 11.8 | | | | | | | Vietnam theater..........................| 3,291 | 100.0 | 66.7 | 21.8 | 9.4 | 12.3 | 11.6 With service-connceted disability......| 372 | 100.0 | 54.5 | 35.4 | 20.2 | 15.2 | 10.1 Without service connected disability...| 2,695 | 100.0 | 68.0 | 20.0 | 8.4 | 11.6 | 12.0 | | | | | | | Outside the Vietnam theater..............| 3,454 | 100.0 | 68.5 | 20.1 | 7.3 | 12.8 | 11.4 With service-connceted disability......| 177 | 100.0 | 55.4 | 37.1 | 18.6 | 18.5 | 7.5 Without service connected disability...| 3,015 | 100.0 | 68.5 | 19.9 | 7.1 | 12.9 | 11.6 | | | | | | | Other war veterans.........................| 3,005 | 100.0 | 58.9 | 14.0 | 3.6 | 10.4 | 27.1 With service-connceted disability........| 188 | 100.0 | 55.8 | 10.3 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 33.9 Without service connected disability.....| 2,645 | 100.0 | 59.1 | 14.5 | 3.6 | 10.9 | 26.4 | | | | | | | Peacetime veterans...........................| 5,155 | 100.0 | 72.5 | 17.0 | 5.9 | 11.1 | 10.5 With service-connceted disability..........| 244 | 100.0 | 65.5 | 27.7 | 16.7 | 11.0 | 6.8 Without service connected disability.......| 4,525 | 100.0 | 73.3 | 16.2 | 5.5 | 10.8 | 10.5 | | | | | | | Nonveterans....................................| 49,184 | 100.0 | 75.6 | 11.4 | 2.0 | 9.4 | 13.0 | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes a small number of veterans who did not report presence of disability. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces. Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam- era veterans under 30 years of age or any other war veterans under 45 years of age. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." Additional information on periods of service and service-connected disability ratings appears in the Explanatory Note of this release. Table 6. Male veterans 18 years and over by period of service, presence of service-connected disability, and use of veterans' education and training programs, September 1993, not seasonally adjusted __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Percent distribution |Percent reporting use of | U.S. Dept of | | by reported use of | specific programs2/ | Labor sponsored | | programs | | programs | | | | __________________________ _________________________ ____________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. Department of | | | | | | | Veterans Affairs | | Period of service and presence | Total1/ | | | | | | of disability |(thousands)| | |Used at | | State | _________________________ | | |Used no | least | | | | job | Other | | Total |program | one | | Veter- | | service |programs4/ | | | |program | | ans | Voca- |offices3/ | | | | | | GI | Educa | tional | | | | | | |Bill5/ | tional |rehabil-| | | | | | | |Assist- |itation | | | | | | | | ance | | | | | | | | |Programs| | | | | | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All veterans................................| 24,493 | 100.0 | 62.3 | 37.7 | 34.3| 2.3 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 1.4 With service-connceted disability.........| 2,180 | 100.0 | 50.7 | 49.3 | 44.1| 3.0 | 5.4 | 2.6 | 2.2 Without service connected disability......| 20,640 | 100.0 | 60.5 | 39.5 | 36.0| 2.4 | .6 | 1.8 | 1.4 | | | | | | | | | War veterans..............................| 18,256 | 100.0 | 58.5 | 41.5 | 39.1| 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.2 With service-connceted disability.......| 1,824 | 100.0 | 49.7 | 50.3 | 46.6| 2.4 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 1.4 Without service connected disability....| 15,232 | 100.0 | 56.3 | 43.7 | 41.3| 1.7 | .6 | 1.5 | 1.2 | | | | | | | | | Vietnam era.............................| 7,950 | 100.0 | 53.5 | 46.5 | 43.4| 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 With service-connceted disability.....| 819 | 100.0 | 41.2 | 58.8 | 53.5| 3.2 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 2.8 Without service connected disability..| 6,533 | 100.0 | 50.8 | 49.2 | 46.1| 2.4 | .7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | | | | | | | | | Vietnam theater.......................| 3,905 | 100.0 | 50.6 | 49.4 | 46.4| 2.5 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 2.0 With service-connceted disability...| 569 | 100.0 | 41.7 | 58.3 | 53.3| 3.6 | 5.4 | 4.1 | 2.6 Without service connected disability| 3,061 | 100.0 | 47.9 | 52.1 | 49.3| 2.5 | .8 | 2.5 | 2.1 | | | | | | | | | Outside the Vietnam theater...........| 4,045 | 100.0 | 56.4 | 43.6 | 40.5| 2.1 | .7 | 2.3 | 2.4 With service-connceted disability...| 250 | 100.0 | 40.1 | 59.9 | 54.0| 2.4 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 3.3 Without service connected disability| 3,473 | 100.0 | 53.5 | 46.5 | 43.3| 2.2 | .6 | 2.3 | 2.5 | | | | | | | | | Other war veterans......................| 10,306 | 100.0 | 62.3 | 37.7 | 35.8| 1.1 | .9 | .7 | .4 With service-connceted disability.....| 1,005 | 100.0 | 56.6 | 43.4 | 40.9| 1.8 | 4.0 | .5 | .3 Without service connected disability..| 8,698 | 100.0 | 60.4 | 39.6 | 37.7| 1.2 | .6 | .8 | .4 | | | | | | | | | Peacetime veterans........................| 6,237 | 100.0 | 73.5 | 26.5 | 20.2| 4.2 | .9 | 2.4 | 2.2 With service-connceted disability.......| 357 | 100.0 | 55.7 | 44.3 | 31.4| 6.0 | 10.8 | 4.0 | 6.0 Without service connected disability....| 5,408 | 100.0 | 72.4 | 27.6 | 21.2| 4.5 | .4 | 2.6 | 2.1 | | | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes a small number of veterans who did not report presence of disability and/or information on use of programs. 2/ The sum of the percentages using specific programs will not equal the percentages for "use any program" because some veterans used more than one program. 3/ Provides such services as job counseling, testing, and employment referral and placement. 4/ Includes the Transition Assistance Program (TAP), the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA), and the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). 5/ Includes on-the-job training, not shown separately. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam-era veterans under 30 years of age or any other war veterans under 45 years of age. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." Additional information on periods of service and service-connected disability ratings appears in the Explanatory Note of this release. Table 7. Disabled male veterans 18 years and over by period of service, disability rating, and effect of disability on jobholding, September 1993, not seasonally adjusted ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Disabled veterans | ___________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Unemployed or not in the | | | labor force Period of service and disability rating | |Percent whose | _____________________________ | Total | disability | | | (thousands) | affected | |Percent whose | | past job- | Total | disability | | holding | (thousands) | currently | | | | affects job- | | | | holding | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | All veterans1/.................................| 2,180 | 27.8 | 1,199 | 27.2 Less than 30 percent disability rating.......| 1,295 | 17.4 | 604 | 13.4 30- to 50- percent disability rating.........| 486 | 37.8 | 272 | 35.3 60 percent or higher disability rating.......| 253 | 77.7 | 224 | 66.9 | | | | War veterans.................................| 1,824 | 27.3 | 1,087 | 26.3 Less than 30 percent disability rating.....| 1,053 | 15.9 | 535 | 13.2 30- to 50- percent disability rating.......| 421 | 38.2 | 259 | 34.0 60 percent or higher disability rating.....| 222 | 76.8 | 195 | 65.4 | | | | Vietnam era................................| 819 | 30.8 | 270 | 43.4 Less than 30 percent disability rating...| 489 | 19.9 | 102 | 20.6 30- to 50- percent disability rating.....| 203 | 36.6 | 81 | 46.6 60 percent or higher disability rating...| 89 | 90.1 | 71 | (2) | | | | Vietnam theater..........................| 569 | 32.6 | 197 | 42.4 Less than 30 percent disability rating.| 312 | 19.4 | 66 | (2) 30- to 50- percent disability rating...| 151 | 39.5 | 59 | (2) 60 percent or higher disability rating.| 73 | (2) | 56 | (2) | | | | Outside the Vietnam theater..............| 250 | 26.6 | 73 | (2) Less than 30 percent disability rating.| 177 | 20.7 | 36 | (2) 30- to 50- percent disability rating...| 52 | (2) | 22 | (2) 60 percent or higher disability rating.| 16 | (2) | 15 | (2) | | | | Other war veterans.........................| 1,005 | 24.5 | 817 | 20.7 Less than 30 percent disability rating...| 564 | 12.3 | 434 | 11.5 30- to 50- percent disability rating.....| 218 | 39.7 | 178 | 28.4 60 percent or higher disability rating...| 132 | 67.8 | 124 | 55.5 | | | | Peacetime veterans...........................| 357 | 30.2 | 113 | 35.8 Less than 30 percent disability rating.....| 242 | 24.4 | 68 | (2) 30- to 50- percent disability rating.......| 65 | (2) | 13 | (2) 60 percent or higher disability rating.....| 31 | (2) | 28 | (2) | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Includes a small number of veterans who did not report disability rating, as well as all veterans who did not respond to the question on the effect of disability on jobholding. 2/ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Male veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam-era veterans under 30 years of age or any other war veterans under 45 years of age. A service-connected disability is a health condition or impairment caused or made worse by military service. The associated disability rating, which can range from 0 to 100 percent, is determined from a rating schedule published in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, "Title 38." Additional information on periods of service and service-connected disability ratings appears in the Explanatory Note of this release. Table 8. Employment status of women 18 years and over by veteran status and period of service, September 1993, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Civilian labor force | | | | __________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | Civilian | | | | Unemployed | Not in Veterans status and period of service | noninsti- | | Percent | | | labor ______________________ | tutional | | of | | | | force | population | Total | popu- | Employed | | Percent | | | | lation | | Number | of | | | | | | | labor | | | | | | | force | | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 18 years and over.......................| 97,856 | 57,142 | 58.4 | 53,551 | 3,591 | 6.3 | 40,714 | | | | | | | Veterans1/...................................| 1,248 | 753 | 60.4 | 676 | 77 | 10.2 | 495 | | | | | | | War veterans...............................| 612 | 244 | 39.9 | 222 | 22 | 8.9 | 368 Vietnam era..............................| 180 | 148 | 82.2 | 138 | 10 | 7.0 | 32 Vietnam theater........................| 18 | 14 | (2) | 14 | - | (2) | 4 Outside the Vietnam theater............| 162 | 134 | 82.5 | 124 | 10 | 7.7 | 28 Other war veterans.......................| 432 | 96 | 22.2 | 85 | 11 | 11.8 | 336 Peacetime veterans.........................| 636 | 509 | 80.1 | 454 | 55 | 10.8 | 127 | | | | | | | Nonveterans..................................| 96,608 | 56,389 | 58.4 | 52,874 | 3,515 | 6.2 | 40,219 | | | | | | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1/ Because of the aging of the population, there are no longer any Vietnam-era veterans under 30 years of age or any other war veterans under 45 years of age. 2/ Data not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Female veterans are women who served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era, the Korean war, World Wars I and II, and all other service periods. Nonveterans are women who have never served in the Armed Forces. Information on specific periods of service appears in the Explanatory Note of this release.