Technical information: (202) 691-6392 USDL 07-1203 http://www.bls.gov/mls For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 691-5902 Thursday, August 9, 2007 NOTE: This release was reissued on Thursday, August 30, 2007, to correct data in tables C and 10 and in the release text asso- ciated with those tables. See page 10 for corrections to data from the first quarter 2007 release.) EXTENDED MASS LAYOFFS IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2007 In the second quarter of 2007, there were 1,249 mass layoff events that resulted in the separation of 238,721 workers from their jobs for at least 31 days, according to preliminary figures released by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics. Both the total number of layoff events and separations were lower than in the April-June 2006 time period. (See table A.) The largest over-the-year decreases in separations were in transit and ground passenger transportation, administrative and support services, and general merchandise stores. Extended layoffs in the second quarter 2007 averaged 191 separations, down from an average of 219 separa- tions reported in the second quarter 2006. Much of the decline reflects a decrease in layoff events involving more than 150 workers. Among the 7 categories of economic reasons for layoff, activity related to seasonal factors accounted for the highest share of events (44 percent) and number of separations (128,654) in April-June 2007. Layoffs due to business demand reasons had the next highest proportion of events (31 per- cent). (See table B.) Permanent closure of worksites occurred in 11 per- cent of all events and affected 27,021 workers, down from 34,458 separa- tions reported for the second quarter 2006. Sixty extended mass layoff events involved the movement of work within the same company or to a dif- ferent company, either domestically or outside the U.S. (See table C.) These events accounted for 9 percent of both the nonseasonal layoff events and nonseasonal separations. The national unemployment rate averaged 4.4 percent, not seasonally ad- justed, in the second quarter of 2007; a year earlier it was 4.6 percent. Private nonfarm payroll employment, not seasonally adjusted, increased by 1.5 percent, or about 1.7 million, over the year. Industry Distribution of Extended Layoffs Manufacturing industries accounted for 21 percent of private nonfarm extended layoff events and 18 percent of related separations during April- June 2007; in April-June 2006, manufacturing accounted for 21 percent of events and 20 percent of separations. (See table 1.) In the second quar- ter of 2007, the greatest number of separations in the manufacturing sector was in transportation equipment manufacturing (13,256, mostly associated with motor vehicle manufacturing). The next highest number of separations was in food manufacturing (9,969). - 2 - Table A. Selected measures of extended mass layoff activity ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Period | Layoff events | Separations | Initial claimants | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | 2003 | | | | | | January-March ........| 1,502 | 286,947 | 297,608 April-June ...........| 1,799 | 368,273 | 348,966 July-September .......| 1,190 | 236,333 | 227,909 October-December .....| 1,690 | 325,333 | 326,328 | | | 2004 | | | | | | January-March ........| 1,339 | 276,503 | 238,392 April-June ...........| 1,358 | 278,831 | 254,063 July-September .......| 886 | 164,608 | 148,575 October-December .....| 1,427 | 273,967 | 262,049 | | | 2005 | | | | | | January-March ........| 1,142 | 186,506 | 185,486 April-June ...........| 1,203 | 246,099 | 212,673 July-September........| 1,136 | 201,878 | 190,186 October-December .....| 1,400 | 250,178 | 246,188 | | | 2006 | | | | | | January-March ........| 963 | 183,089 | 193,510 April-June (r) .......| 1,353 | 295,964 | 264,927 July-September (r)....| 929 | 160,254 | 161,743 October-December (r)..| 1,640 | 296,662 | 330,848 | | | 2007 | | | | | | January-March (r).....| 1,111 | 226,044 | 197,623 April-June (p) .......| 1,249 | 238,721 | 173,487 | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- r = revised. p = preliminary. Layoffs in the accommodation and food services sector comprised 10 per- cent of events and 12 percent of separations, mostly in the food service contractors industry and in full-service restaurants. Transportation and warehousing accounted for 9 percent of events and 11 percent of separations, largely in transit and ground passenger transportation and in truck trans- portation. Layoffs in professional and technical services accounted for 4 percent of events and 10 percent of separations and were concentrated in tax preparation services. The health care and social assistance sector accounted for 12 percent of the extended layoff events and 9 percent of the separations, mostly in child day care services and in other individual and family services. Within the 4 information technology-producing industries (communications equipment, communications services, computer hardware, and software and computer services), the computer hardware industry had the highest number of events (19) and separations (3,167). (See table 6.) - 3 - Table B. Distribution of extended layoff events and separations by economic reason categories, April-June 2007p ---------------------------------------------------------------- | Layoff events | Separations Category |--------------------------------------- | Number | Percent | Number | Percent ------------------------|--------------------------------------- | | | | Total ................| 1,249 | 100.0 | 238,721 | 100.0 | | | | Business demand.........| 391 | 31.3 | 47,431 | 19.9 Organizational changes .| 74 | 5.9 | 16,694 | 7.0 Financial issues .......| 101 | 8.1 | 25,005 | 10.5 Production specific ....| 17 | 1.4 | 5,461 | 2.3 Disaster/safety ........| 3 | .2 | 306 | .1 Seasonal ...............| 550 | 44.0 | 128,654 | 53.9 Other/miscellaneous ....| 113 | 9.0 | 15,170 | 6.4 | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------- p = preliminary. Reasons for Extended Layoff Among the 7 categories of economic reasons for extended mass lay- offs, events related to seasonal reasons (seasonal and vacation period) accounted for 44 percent of events, which resulted in 128,654 separations during the second quarter. (See table 2.) These layoffs were due, in part, to the end of the school year. Seasonal job cuts were most numerous in transit and ground passenger transportation (which includes school buses), followed by professional and technical services. Business demand factors (contract cancellation, contract completion, domestic competition, excess inventory, import competition, and slack work) accounted for 31 percent of the extended layoffs and resulted in 47,431 separations in the second quarter of 2007. These reasons were often cited in layoffs within specialty trade contractors and in administrative and support services. Completion of contracts was the single most cited reason for layoffs in the business demand category. - 4 - Table C. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, second quarter 2007p ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Action | Layoff events | Separations | | -----------------------------------|-----------------|----------------- | | Total, private nonfarm ............| 1,249 | 238,721 | | Total, excluding seasonal | | and vacation events (1) ......| c 699 | c 110,067 | | Total events with movement | | of work (2) ................| 60 | 10,118 | | Movement of work actions ...| 82 | (3) With separations reported.| 61 | 6,971 With separations unknown .| 21 | (3) | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 The questions on movement of work were not asked of employers when the reason for layoff was either seasonal work or vacation period. 2 A layoff event can involve more than one movement of work action. 3 Data are not available. p = preliminary. c = corrected. Job losses related to financial issues (bankruptcy, cost control, and financial difficulty) accounted for 8 percent of events and resulted in 25,005 separations. These layoffs were most common among workers in food and beverage stores and in transportation equipment manufacturing. Layoffs associated with organizational changes (business ownership change and reorganization or restructuring) amounted to 6 percent of events and 7 percent of separations. About 66 percent of the 16,694 separations in the organizational change category was due to company reorganization or restruc- turing. Over-the-year decreases in separations were reported in 6 of the 7 categories of economic reasons for layoffs, with the largest decline occurring in seasonal reasons (-27,573), followed by organizational reasons (-23,635), and business demand reasons (-13,920). Separations due to financial issues registered the only over-the-year increase (+14,620). - 5 - Table D. Movement of work actions by type of separation where the number of separations is known by employers, second quarter 2007p -------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Activities | Actions (1) | Separations | | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | | With separations reported ......| 61 | 6,971 | | By location | | | | Out-of-country relocations ..| 22 | 3,492 Within company ............| 21 | 3,342 Different company .........| 1 | 150 | | Domestic relocations ........| 39 | 3,479 Within company ............| 30 | 2,869 Different company .........| 9 | 610 | | By company | | | | Within company ..............| 51 | 6,211 Domestic ..................| 30 | 2,869 Out of country ............| 21 | 3,342 | | Different company ...........| 10 | 760 Domestic ..................| 9 | 610 Out of country ............| 1 | 150 | | -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Only actions for which separations associated with the movement of work were reported are shown. p = preliminary. Movement of Work Between April and June of 2007, 60 extended mass layoff events involved the movement of work. (See table C.) These events made up 9 percent of total extended mass layoff events, excluding those for seasonal and vacation reasons. These movements of work were to other U.S. locations or to locations outside of the U.S., and they occurred either within the same company or to other companies. The extended mass layoff events involving movement of work were associated with the separation of 10,118 workers, 9 percent of all sepa- rations resulting from nonseasonal/nonvacation mass layoff events. A year earlier, there were 72 layoff events and 16,610 separations associated with the movement of work. (See table 10.) Among the 60 extended mass layoff events with reported relocation of work, 73 percent were permanent closures of worksites, which affected 7,391 workers. In comparison, 11 percent of the total extended mass layoff events reported for the second quarter of 2007 involved the permanent closure of worksites. Of the layoffs involving the movement of work, 73 percent of the events and 77 percent of the laid-off workers were from manufacturing industries during the second quarter. (See table 7.) Among all private nonfarm ex- tended layoffs, manufacturing accounted for 21 percent of the events and 18 percent of separations. - 6 - Table E. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended layoff, second quarter 2006-second quarter 2007 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Percentage of events Nature of the recall |_________________________________________ | | | | | | II | III | IV | I | II | 2006 | 2006 | 2006 | 2007(r)| 2007(p) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | | | | Anticipate a recall .......| 59.6 | 42.4 | 56.7 | 40.1 | 56.0 | | | | | Timeframe | | | | | | | | | | Within 6 months ...........| 90.1 | 88.3 | 89.8 | 83.6 | 86.4 Within 3 months .........| 62.0 | 68.8 | 38.9 | 51.3 | 56.1 | | | | | Size | | | | | | | | | | At least half .............| 93.7 | 90.6 | 93.5 | 87.2 | 92.7 All workers .............| 52.2 | 45.7 | 53.7 | 38.6 | 56.4 | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ r = revised. p = preliminary. While 6 percent of the extended mass layoff events in the total private nonfarm economy were because of organizational change (business ownership change and reorganization or restructuring of company), such changes ac- counted for 45 percent of layoff events associated with work relocation and resulted in 3,831 separations during the second quarter. (See table 8.) Most of these were due to reorganization or restructuring of company. Among the regions, the South accounted for the largest proportion of workers affected by extended mass layoffs associated with the movement of work (41 percent), followed by the Midwest (24 percent), the West (21 percent), and the Northeast (14 percent). (See table 9.) Some extended mass layoff events involve more than one relocation of work action. For example, an extended mass layoff event at an establish- ment may involve job loss due to movement of work to both another domestic location of the company and a location out of the country. This would be counted as two movement of work actions. The 60 extended layoff events with movement of work for the second quarter of 2007 involved 82 identifiable re- locations of work. (See table C.) An identifiable relocation of work occurs when the employer provides sufficient information on the new location of work and/or the number of workers affected by the movement. Of the 82 relocations, employers were able to provide information on the specific number of separa- tions associated with the movement of work component of the layoff in 61 ac- tions involving 6,971 workers. Thus, a range of 6,971 (separations in move- ment of work actions where the employer was able to provide specific detail) to 10,118 (total separations in all layoff events that included movement of work) is established for separations due to the movement of work in the second quarter. (See table 10.) - 7 - Table F. Distribution of extended layoff events by size of layoff, April-June 2007p ------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Layoff events | Separations Size |--------------------------------------- | | | | | Number | Percent | Number | Percent ------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | Total ..................| 1,249 | 100.0 | 238,721 | 100.0 | | | | 50-99 .....................| 576 | 46.1 | 39,972 | 16.7 100-149 ...................| 282 | 22.6 | 32,846 | 13.8 150-199 ...................| 111 | 8.9 | 18,837 | 7.9 200-299 ...................| 122 | 9.8 | 27,816 | 11.7 300-499 ...................| 83 | 6.6 | 29,544 | 12.4 500-999 ...................| 50 | 4.0 | 33,722 | 14.1 1,000 or more .............| 25 | 2.0 | 55,984 | 23.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------- p = preliminary. In the 61 actions where employers were able to provide more complete separations information, 84 percent of relocations (51 out of 61) occurred among establishments within the same company. (See table D.) In 64 percent of these relocations (39 out of 61), the work activities were reassigned to places elsewhere in the U.S. Thirty-six percent of the movement-of-work re- locations involved out-of-country moves (22 out of 61). The separation of 3,492 workers was associated with out-of-country relocations, 3 percent of all nonseasonal/nonvacation extended mass layoff separations. Domestic re- location of work--both within the company and to other companies--affected 3,479 workers. (See table 11.) Recall Expectations Fifty-six percent of employers reporting an extended layoff in the second quarter of 2007 indicated they anticipated some type of recall, down from the 60 percent of employers who expected a recall during the second quarter of 2006. (See table E.) Among establishments expecting a recall, more than half of em- ployers anticipated recalling all of the separated employees within 3 months. Ninety-three percent of the employers expecting to recall workers anticipated extending the offer to at least half of all laid-off workers and 86 percent expected a recall within 6 months. Excluding layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period (in which 96 percent of the employers expected a recall), employers anticipated recalling laid-off workers in 24 percent of the events. A year earlier, 30 percent of em- ployers expected a recall in nonseasonal and nonvacation events. In layoff events due to organizational changes, employers anticipated a recall in only 4 percent of events. Size of Extended Layoff The average size of a layoff (as measured by separations per layoff event) in the second quarter 2007 was 191, compared to 219 per layoff in 2006. The average differed widely by industry, ranging from a low of 80 in nursing and residential care facilities to a high of 795 in amusements, gambling, and recreation. Layoff events during the second quarter 2007 continued to be concentrated at the lower end of the extended layoff-size spectrum, with 69 percent of the events involving fewer than 150 workers, up from 61 percent a year ago. Thirty-one per- cent of all separations in the second quarter 2007 were in layoffs involving less then 150 workers, compared to 25 percent in 2006. Separations involving 500 or more workers, while comprising 6 percent of the events, accounted for 38 percent of all separations in April-June 2007, down from 40 percent in April-June 2006. Initial Claimant Characteristics A total of 173,487 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with extended mass layoffs in the second quarter of 2007. Of these claimants, 18 percent were black, 15 percent were Hispanic, 54 per- cent were women, 34 percent were 30 to 44 years of age, and 22 percent were 55 years of age or older. (See table 3.) Among persons in the civil- ian labor force for the same period, 11 percent were black, 14 percent were Hispanic, 46 percent were women, 34 percent were age 30 to 44, and 17 percent were 55 years of age or older. - 8 - Table G. Mass layoff events and separations, selected metropolitan areas -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Events | Separations Metropolitan area |-----------------|----------------- | | | | | II | II | II | II | 2006(r)| 2007(p)| 2006(r)| 2007(p) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | Total, nonmetropolitan areas ...............| 170 | 185 | 31,742| 30,823 | | | | Total, 369 metropolitan areas ..............| 741 | 625 | 119,380| 91,079 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif. ..| 71 | 89 | 13,173| 13,423 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. .| 42 | 31 | 8,106| 6,199 Detriot-Warren-Livonia, Mich. .............| 28 | 17 | 2,835| 3,458 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif. .....| 15 | 19 | 1,556| 3,355 St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. .......................| 8 | 9 | 3,196| 3,136 Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, Calif.| 9 | 18 | 2,049| 2,929 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. ..| 12 | 19 | 2,550| 2,680 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long | | | | Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa. ....................| 82 | 17 | 10,687| 2,415 Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, N.C.-S.C. .....| (1) | 6 | (1)| 2,137 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla. .| 16 | 10 | 3,295| 1,961 | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 07-01, December 18, 2006. Geographic Distribution In the second quarter, the number of separations due to extended mass layoff events was highest in the West (89,071), followed by the Midwest (70,635), the South (42,404), and the Northeast (36,611). (See table 4.) Extended mass layoffs in the West were largely in amusements, gambling, and recreation and in professional and technical services. The Northeast region reported the largest over-the-year decrease in separations (-32,814), mainly due to fewer layoffs in transit and ground passenger transportation. The South (-15,366), the Midwest (-6,526), and the West (-2,537) also experienced reductions in separations. Six of the 9 geographic divisions reported over-the-year declines in laid-off workers, with the largest declines occurring in the Middle Atlantic (-25,314) and South Atlantic (-17,889) divisions. The West South Central division re- ported the largest increase in separations (+1,547). Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, the largest number of worker separations occurred in California (58,345), followed by Illinois (21,618), Michigan (15,769), Colorado (13,588), and New Jersey (13,464). These five states accounted for 41 percent of total layoff events and 51 percent of separations during the second quarter of 2007. Other states with high numbers of separations were Ohio (12,008) and Florida (11,396). (See table 5.) After excluding the substantial impact of seasonal reasons, California reported the most laid-off workers (39,677), largely due to layoffs in specialty trade contractors and in credit intermediation and related activities. - 9 - Over the year, Florida reported the greatest decrease in workers laid off for all reasons during the second quarter (-14,374), followed by New York (-13,384) and New Jersey (-7,085). The largest increases occurred in California (+1,968), North Carolina (+1,929), Arkansas (+1,337), and Kentucky (+1,336). Fifty percent of extended mass layoff events and 38 percent of separa- tions (91,079) occurred in metropolitan areas in the second quarter of 2007, compared with 55 percent of events and 40 percent of separations (119,380) during the second quarter of 2006. Among the 369 metropolitan areas, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif., reported the highest number of sepa- rations (13,423) in the second quarter of 2007. Next were Chicago-Naper- ville-Joliet, Ill.-Ind.-Wis., with 6,199 separations and Detroit-Warren- Livonia, Mich., with 3,458 separations. (See table G.) Employers located in nonmetropolitan areas separated 30,823 workers in extended mass layoffs, down from 31,742 workers in the second quarter of 2006. Note The quarterly series on extended mass layoffs cover layoffs of at least 31-days duration that involve 50 or more individuals from a single establish- ment filing initial claims for unemployment insurance during a consecutive 5- week period. Approximately 30 days after a mass layoff is triggered at an establishment, the employer is contacted for additional information. Data for the second quarter are preliminary and subject to revision. This release also includes revised data for previous quarters. Data are not seasonally adjusted, but survey data suggest that there is a seasonal pattern to layoffs. Thus, com- parisons between consecutive quarters should not be used as an indicator of trend. For additional information about the program, see the Technical Note. ______________________________ The report on Mass Layoffs in July 2007 is scheduled to be released on Thursday, August 23. - 10 - --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Correction of Data in First Quarter 2007 | | Extended Mass Layoffs News Release | | | | In addition to the corrections made to the data in tables C | | and 10 in this release, corrections also have been made to data | | originally published in tables C and 10 of the first quarter 2007 | | Extended Mass Layoffs news release (USDL 07-0711). Corrected data | | from that release are presented in the tables below. All data re- | | leased through the Create Customized Tables, Series Report, and FTP | | tools on the BLS Web site were unaffected. | --------------------------------------------------------------------- Table C. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, first quarter 2007p ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Action | Layoff events | Separations | | -----------------------------------|-----------------|----------------- | | Total, private nonfarm ............| 965 | 139,269 | | Total, excluding seasonal | | and vacation events (1) ......| c 730 | c 103,340 | | Total events with movement | | of work (2) ................| 58 | 9,447 | | Movement of work actions ...| 71 | (3) With separations reported.| 53 | 7,407 With separations unknown .| 18 | (3) | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 The questions on movement of work were not asked of employers when the reason for layoff was either seasonal work or vacation period. 2 A layoff event can involve more than one movement of work action. 3 Data are not available. p = preliminary. c = corrected. Table 10. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Layoff events | Separations Action |--------------------------------------------------------- | I | IV | I | I | IV | I | 2006 | 2006r | 2007p | 2006 | 2006r | 2007p --------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | Total, private nonfarm (1) ........| 963 | 1,640 | 965 | 183,089 | 296,578 | 139,269 | | | | | | Total, excluding seasonal ......| | | | | | and vacation events (2) ......| 715 | 943 | c 730 | 141,448 | 167,046 | c 103,340 | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, movement of work (3)...| 53 | 69 | 58 | 10,519 | 15,782 | 9,447 | | | | | | Movement of work actions....| 80 | 94 | 71 | (4) | (4) | (4) With separations reported.| 51 | 66 | 53 | 7,080 | 10,462 | 7,407 With separations unknown .| 29 | 28 | 18 | (4) | (4) | (4) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 The questions on movement of work were not asked of employers when the reason for layoff was either seasonal work or vacation period. 3 Movement of work can involve more than one action. 4 Data are not available. r = revised. p = preliminary. c = corrected. - 11 - Technical Note The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federal-state program which identifies, describes, and tracks the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state's unemployment insurance database. Establish- ments which have at least 50 initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, gender, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program yields information on an individual's entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. Definitions Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predomi- nantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons subject to recall and those who are terminated by the establishment. Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of duration. Worksite closure. The complete closure of either multi-unit or single- unit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed. - 12 - Movement of work concepts and questions Because of the employer interview component, the BLS decided to use the MLS program as a vehicle for collecting additional information on offshoring and outsourcing associated with job loss, by adding questions that address movement of work. The term "moving work" means that the company experiencing the layoff has reassigned work activities that were performed at a worksite by the company's employees (1) to another work- site within the company; (2) to another company under formal arrangements at the same worksite; or (3) to another company under formal arrangements at another worksite. The type of work activities subject to movement can include accounting, customer service, cleaning, warehousing, etc. "Overseas relocation" is the movement of work from within the U.S. to locations outside of the U.S. "Overseas relocation" can occur within the same company and involve movement of work to a different location of that company outside of the U.S., or to a different company altogether. "Domestic relocation" is the movement of work to other locations inside the U.S., either within the same company or to a different company. "Overseas relocation" and "domestic relocation" are no longer used in the same way as they were in earlier extended mass layoff news releases. There- fore, the data presented in this news release are not comparable to those that were presented in earlier news releases. Questions on movement of work and location are asked for all identified layoff events when the reason for separation is other than "seasonal work" or "vacation period." Seasonal and vacation layoff events were excluded because movement of work appears unlikely. Questions on movement of work are asked after the analyst verifies that a layoff in fact occurred and lasted more than 30 days, and obtained the total number of workers separated from jobs, the date the layoff began, and the economic reason for the layoff. If the reason for layoff is other than seasonal or vacation, the employer was asked the following: (1) "Did this layoff include your company moving work from this lo- cation(s) to a different geographic location(s) within your company?" (2) "Did this layoff include your company moving work that was performed in-house by your employees to a different company, through contractual ar- rangements?" A "yes" response to either question is followed by: "Is the location inside or outside of the U.S.?" and "How many of the layoffs were a result of this relocation?" Layoff actions are classified as "overseas relocation" if the employer responds "yes" to questions 1 and/or 2, and indicates that the location(s) was outside of the U.S. Domestic relocation is determined if the employer responds "yes" to questions 1 and/or 2 and indicates that the location(s) was within the U.S. After asking the movement of work questions, the employer interview continues and responses are obtained for questions on recall expectations and open/closed status of the worksite. - 13 - Reliability of the data The identification of establishments and layoff events in the MLS program and associated characteristics of claimants is based on admin- istrative data on covered establishments and unemployment insurance claims, and, therefore, is not subject to issues associated with sampling error. Nonsampling errors such as typographical errors may occur but are not likely to be significant. While the MLS establishments and layoff events are not subject to sampling error, and all such employers are asked the employer interview questions, the employer responses are subject to non- sampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the inability to obtain information for all respondents, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For the second quarter of 2007, outright refusal to participate in the employer interview accounted for 3.4 percent of all private nonfarm events. Although included in the total number of instances involving the movement of work, for the second quarter, employers in 21 relocations were unable to provide the number of separations specifically associated with the movement of work, 12 of which involved out-of-country moves. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. Table 1. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Industry II I II II I II II I II 2006r 2007r 2007p 2006r 2007r 2007p 2006r 2007r 2007p Total, private nonfarm (1) ................. 1,353 1,111 1,249 295,964 226,044 238,721 264,927 197,623 173,487 Mining ....................................... 4 7 (2) 604 843 (2) 441 557 (2) Utilities .................................... 3 (2) (2) 537 (2) (2) 476 (2) (2) Construction ................................. 148 305 184 15,952 30,513 19,371 21,100 37,483 18,972 Manufacturing ................................ 286 370 261 59,715 69,278 42,559 60,999 81,965 37,133 Food .................................... 67 65 54 13,650 10,663 9,969 10,207 12,063 7,068 Beverage and tobacco products ........... (2) 9 (2) (2) 1,084 (2) (2) 1,540 (2) Textile mills ........................... 17 10 9 3,159 1,716 1,305 4,573 2,823 1,034 Textile product mills ................... 4 4 (2) 670 598 (2) 1,040 780 (2) Apparel ................................. 11 14 9 1,658 1,583 1,431 1,402 1,605 1,331 Leather and allied products ............. (2) (2) - (2) (2) - (2) (2) - Wood products ........................... 10 22 9 1,483 3,688 917 1,534 4,517 791 Paper ................................... 16 7 10 2,292 820 1,008 1,628 724 822 Printing and related support activities . 12 13 8 1,591 1,989 1,183 1,249 1,579 913 Petroleum and coal products ............. - (2) (2) - (2) (2) - (2) (2) Chemicals ............................... 8 9 7 1,051 1,610 743 847 973 535 Plastics and rubber products ............ 11 15 10 2,219 3,167 1,155 2,158 1,530 848 Nonmetallic mineral products ............ 7 29 5 2,073 2,983 431 1,042 3,345 400 Primary metals .......................... 8 9 7 1,080 1,282 823 928 1,649 883 Fabricated metal products ............... 9 16 13 816 1,831 1,741 1,001 2,367 1,741 Machinery ............................... 14 16 19 2,867 3,304 2,495 2,875 3,346 3,512 Computer and electronic products ........ 21 24 19 4,780 4,326 2,170 3,777 3,674 1,838 Electrical equipment and appliances ..... 9 7 5 1,168 733 634 1,039 1,327 679 Transportation equipment ................ 45 63 51 17,006 23,131 13,256 23,380 33,467 12,203 Furniture and related products .......... 8 27 15 1,205 3,527 1,723 1,268 3,637 1,287 Miscellaneous manufacturing ............. 5 6 7 659 803 939 578 482 701 Wholesale trade .............................. 20 17 18 4,400 2,249 3,163 3,211 1,615 1,842 Retail trade ................................. 76 89 59 24,654 70,086 18,800 23,085 22,546 10,438 Transportation and warehousing ............... 165 35 118 42,396 5,711 26,620 38,111 5,513 21,949 Information .................................. 33 17 29 5,818 2,640 3,038 9,454 3,177 2,899 Finance and insurance ........................ 46 57 71 8,167 8,993 11,180 8,109 9,298 9,703 Real estate and rental and leasing ........... 8 7 4 781 806 370 717 901 337 Professional and technical services .......... 57 31 49 29,541 7,990 23,161 17,281 7,808 11,323 Management of companies and enterprises ...... 4 6 5 342 1,183 478 320 668 379 Administrative and waste services ............ 106 72 69 21,008 13,411 12,791 20,678 13,697 8,239 Educational services ......................... 12 (2) 13 1,342 (2) 1,581 1,365 (2) 931 Health care and social assistance ............ 150 19 153 18,934 2,432 21,318 16,749 1,843 16,583 Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......... 45 22 39 21,488 2,427 17,862 5,043 2,318 3,499 Accommodation and food services .............. 134 47 119 32,914 6,267 28,967 30,576 6,951 22,441 Other services, except public administration . 56 7 54 7,371 805 6,818 7,212 650 6,261 Unclassified ................................. - - - - - - - - - 1 For the fourth quarter of 2006, data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 2. Reason for layoff: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Reason for layoff II I II II I II II I II 2006r 2007(1,r) 2007p 2006r 2007(1,r) 2007p 2006r 2007(1,r) 2007p Total, private nonfarm (2)...... 1,353 1,111 1,249 295,964 226,044 238,721 264,927 197,623 173,487 Business demand ................... 416 437 391 61,351 62,688 47,431 73,626 84,545 44,372 Contract cancellation ........... 17 23 14 2,807 3,503 2,411 2,394 3,244 1,476 Contract completion ............. 275 193 208 39,272 24,371 25,719 46,640 31,145 22,582 Domestic competition ............ (3) 7 3 (3) 885 239 (3) 728 244 Excess inventory/saturated market ........................ (3) 15 4 (3) 3,525 686 (3) 3,829 531 Import competition .............. 16 23 17 2,269 2,744 2,608 3,174 2,758 1,844 Slack work/insufficient demand/ non-seasonal business slowdown. 108 176 145 17,003 27,660 15,768 21,418 42,841 17,695 Organizational changes ............ 172 127 74 40,329 68,354 16,694 42,603 18,115 10,151 Business-ownership change ....... 39 34 16 12,353 54,698 5,719 8,399 5,238 1,453 Reorganization or restructuring of company .................... 133 93 58 27,976 13,656 10,975 34,204 12,877 8,698 Financial issues .................. 40 100 101 10,385 22,141 25,005 6,054 20,503 15,390 Bankruptcy ...................... 8 12 12 4,306 2,858 2,029 883 1,670 1,083 Cost control/cost cutting/ increase profitability ........ (3) 55 42 (3) 12,124 7,803 (3) 12,245 6,661 Financial difficulty ............ 32 33 47 6,079 7,159 15,173 5,171 6,588 7,646 Production specific ............... 23 24 17 5,605 5,959 5,461 3,453 7,199 5,832 Automation/technological advances ...................... (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) Energy related .................. - - (4) - - (4) - - (4) Governmental regulations/ intervention .................. (3) 4 (4) (3) 568 (4) (3) 386 (4) Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ........... 9 (4) 4 2,378 (4) 1,395 1,369 (4) 1,626 Material or supply shortage ..... (4) 9 (4) (4) 803 (4) (4) 955 (4) Model changeover ................ - (4) 3 - (4) 2,236 - (4) 2,867 Plant or machine repair/ maintenance ................... (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) Product line discontinued ....... 7 4 (4) 2,137 642 (4) 870 386 (4) Disaster/safety ................... 12 20 3 2,115 1,639 306 2,059 1,615 242 Hazardous work environment ...... (4) (4) - (4) (4) - (4) (4) - Natural disaster (not weather related) ...................... (4) (4) - (4) (4) - (4) (4) - Non-natural disaster ............ 5 (4) 3 1,546 (4) 306 1,449 (4) 242 Extreme weather-related event ... (4) 16 - (4) 1,290 - (4) 1,237 - Seasonal .......................... 603 261 550 156,227 39,255 128,654 117,701 40,016 83,386 Seasonal ........................ 510 (4) 327 140,765 (4) 88,851 102,338 (4) 50,109 Vacation period-school related or otherwise .................. 93 (4) 223 15,462 (4) 39,803 15,363 (4) 33,277 Other/miscellaneous ............... 87 142 113 19,952 26,008 15,170 19,431 25,630 14,114 Other ........................... 23 9 11 3,039 1,454 1,741 2,789 950 1,141 Data not provided: Refusal ...... 51 52 47 15,054 9,921 6,528 14,828 9,902 6,372 Data not provided: Does not know .......................... 13 81 55 1,859 14,633 6,901 1,814 14,778 6,601 1 Beginning with data for the first quarter 2007, the collection and presentation of data on economic reasons for extended mass layoffs was improved. Clearer definitions and titles for many current reasons were introduced and four new reasons were added. Therefore, these data are not strictly comparable to previous quarters. For additional information on the changes to MLS reasons, including detailed definitions of each reason and a crosswalk of the old to the new reasons, please see http://www.bls.gov/mls/home.htm. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 3 Use of this reason began with the first quarter 2007 data. 4 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 3. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, first and second quarters, 2007 Total Percent of total initial Hispanic Persons age 55 Layoff events claimants Black origin Women and over State I II I II I II I II I II I II 2007r 2007p 2007r 2007p 2007r 2007p 2007r 2007p 2007r 2007p 2007r 2007p Total, private nonfarm (1) . 1,111 1,249 197,623 173,487 16.8 18.1 16.9 15.2 36.1 54.2 16.6 22.2 Alabama ........................ 8 14 1,335 2,650 46.8 55.8 4.9 2.9 54.8 61.7 22.1 22.9 Alaska ......................... - 7 - 1,224 - 4.7 - 18.1 - 42.9 - 26.1 Arizona ........................ 4 12 382 1,956 3.9 3.0 12.8 62.4 33.0 63.4 9.2 15.5 Arkansas ....................... 3 14 560 1,431 37.0 30.1 10.2 1.8 41.4 55.3 12.1 16.5 California ..................... 322 328 52,930 37,026 9.8 9.7 39.0 37.0 38.7 42.7 13.4 15.9 Colorado ....................... 7 13 573 1,362 3.7 2.9 43.3 24.4 17.3 57.8 14.5 22.2 Connecticut .................... 6 14 1,442 1,988 12.9 11.7 13.4 10.3 56.0 72.3 11.2 29.6 Delaware ....................... - 3 - 181 - 55.8 - 12.2 - 88.4 - 18.8 District of Columbia ........... - (2) - (2) - 84.1 - 7.1 - 62.9 - 24.7 Florida ........................ 38 67 6,384 8,493 17.0 21.3 32.5 29.7 33.9 57.1 21.4 26.9 Georgia ........................ 14 13 2,743 1,750 47.5 44.6 5.2 .2 49.1 55.4 18.5 15.4 Hawaii ......................... 4 7 525 625 14.7 5.3 21.7 17.3 46.3 49.0 20.4 22.2 Idaho .......................... 9 - 799 - .8 - 14.1 - 43.8 - 19.9 - Illinois ....................... 94 89 15,144 16,595 25.0 24.2 14.0 8.8 40.2 62.9 14.9 22.1 Indiana ........................ 27 22 4,836 2,748 12.3 21.5 4.3 2.8 28.7 67.2 13.7 22.4 Iowa ........................... 9 3 1,322 387 2.0 1.8 8.5 1.6 38.2 77.3 14.4 41.9 Kansas ......................... 3 13 1,163 1,024 16.1 23.6 2.5 2.0 39.0 67.9 15.3 22.7 Kentucky ....................... 12 17 1,187 2,926 14.8 6.9 .1 .4 25.9 30.2 14.7 19.1 Louisiana ...................... 6 17 629 1,838 62.6 75.5 .3 1.1 41.0 89.6 19.7 23.3 Maine .......................... 9 9 908 762 1.4 .3 .3 .3 38.2 33.5 23.8 16.3 Maryland ....................... 12 28 1,105 3,200 43.4 51.0 .3 .1 29.5 54.2 21.9 23.4 Massachusetts .................. 19 12 1,916 1,081 9.4 12.0 .3 2.0 35.2 56.1 18.1 26.5 Michigan ....................... 58 51 21,722 7,983 30.0 22.1 2.8 3.3 27.9 66.0 16.3 20.9 Minnesota ...................... 22 28 3,284 3,064 1.2 8.7 2.4 8.6 20.5 37.1 14.3 20.3 Mississippi .................... 9 10 1,695 721 81.9 49.0 1.1 1.2 39.6 57.0 14.2 18.4 Missouri ....................... 19 35 2,602 7,961 19.8 21.7 .3 .2 47.3 54.8 14.6 24.1 Montana ........................ (2) 9 (2) 674 1.7 .1 1.7 2.8 20.3 62.8 27.1 30.6 Nebraska ....................... - (2) - (2) - 19.6 - 4.2 - 48.1 - 42.3 Nevada ......................... 9 3 1,390 330 9.2 30.6 25.9 11.2 41.1 61.2 24.3 22.7 New Hampshire .................. (2) 4 (2) 593 2.4 .5 3.4 .7 43.7 72.8 11.7 29.2 New Jersey ..................... 37 33 5,194 8,115 23.3 15.4 10.6 6.5 50.5 75.8 22.3 33.9 New Mexico ..................... 3 6 224 636 .4 3.0 64.7 37.1 40.2 20.9 21.4 21.4 New York ....................... 53 44 6,592 6,810 9.1 13.6 14.5 9.4 33.2 47.4 23.9 27.4 North Carolina ................. 20 15 4,838 1,626 44.6 41.5 2.8 2.6 45.3 51.5 21.4 21.5 North Dakota ................... 3 (2) 319 (2) - - .6 1.4 28.5 8.7 23.8 21.7 Ohio ........................... 55 78 9,673 10,442 9.7 21.2 2.4 3.0 27.2 55.7 13.3 20.5 Oklahoma ....................... 7 - 1,899 - 18.5 - 7.1 - 41.5 - 14.3 - Oregon ......................... 16 19 2,901 4,434 1.2 3.2 28.1 12.3 49.1 49.3 18.1 25.2 Pennsylvania ................... 69 67 15,378 11,548 5.8 9.6 3.0 2.7 31.7 46.6 19.6 28.7 Rhode Island ................... (2) 7 (2) 1,220 .6 5.9 29.4 20.5 37.5 82.9 23.1 29.8 South Carolina ................. 5 9 528 1,070 79.7 67.0 - .3 63.1 63.1 8.1 1.5 South Dakota ................... (2) (2) (2) (2) 6.4 2.4 12.9 .6 36.4 70.4 17.1 36.7 Tennessee ...................... 22 12 5,689 1,364 20.3 26.4 .1 .1 27.6 44.7 19.0 22.9 Texas .......................... 20 36 3,681 4,966 20.2 17.4 36.0 46.6 44.5 62.1 14.8 16.4 Utah ........................... 5 6 486 633 2.7 .9 19.3 6.5 36.0 52.9 4.7 13.4 Vermont ........................ (2) 9 (2) 1,441 - .8 - .6 23.6 47.1 19.1 23.8 Virginia ....................... 17 18 4,836 2,217 23.0 49.3 1.9 1.8 34.6 56.5 18.9 23.7 Washington ..................... 22 8 2,834 1,320 4.4 11.4 21.1 10.0 41.5 27.3 15.0 12.1 West Virginia .................. 3 5 224 544 - .4 - - 17.4 29.6 14.3 11.8 Wisconsin ...................... 22 28 4,972 3,808 5.0 15.7 10.3 5.4 28.2 67.4 26.4 33.4 Wyoming ........................ (2) - (2) - - - 3.5 - 29.8 - 31.6 - Puerto Rico .................... 12 13 3,022 1,607 (3) (3) (3) (3) 59.1 50.8 5.3 9.8 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data are not available. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 4. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance Census region and division II I II II I II II I II 2006r 2007r 2007p 2006r 2007r 2007p 2006r 2007r 2007p United States (1) ..... 1,353 1,111 1,249 295,964 226,044 238,721 264,927 197,623 173,487 Northeast ..................... 348 198 199 69,425 28,063 36,611 76,558 31,953 33,558 New England ............... 80 39 55 16,994 7,344 9,494 14,075 4,789 7,085 Middle Atlantic ........... 268 159 144 52,431 20,719 27,117 62,483 27,164 26,473 South ......................... 295 196 280 57,770 37,701 42,404 53,452 37,333 35,147 South Atlantic ............ 203 109 160 42,813 18,108 24,924 39,572 20,658 19,251 East South Central ........ 44 51 53 7,120 10,751 8,096 5,428 9,906 7,661 West South Central ........ 48 36 67 7,837 8,842 9,384 8,452 6,769 8,235 Midwest ....................... 344 314 352 77,161 55,894 70,635 71,909 65,177 54,562 East North Central ........ 258 256 268 61,306 46,550 55,975 60,516 56,347 41,576 West North Central ........ 86 58 84 15,855 9,344 14,660 11,393 8,830 12,986 West .......................... 366 403 418 91,608 104,386 89,071 63,008 63,160 50,220 Mountain .................. 48 39 49 21,633 4,705 18,721 6,430 3,970 5,591 Pacific ................... 318 364 369 69,975 99,681 70,350 56,578 59,190 44,629 1 See footnote 1, table 1. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 5. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 Initial claimants for Layoff events Separations unemployment insurance State II I II II I II II I II 2006r 2007r 2007p 2006r 2007r 2007p 2006r 2007r 2007p Total, private nonfarm (1).. 1,353 1,111 1,249 295,964 226,044 238,721 264,927 197,623 173,487 Alabama ........................ 16 8 14 2,780 1,448 2,664 2,394 1,335 2,650 Alaska ......................... 10 - 7 4,130 - 3,953 1,548 - 1,224 Arizona ........................ 8 4 12 1,764 538 2,747 959 382 1,956 Arkansas ....................... 3 3 14 477 819 1,814 482 560 1,431 California ..................... 254 322 328 56,377 92,497 58,345 46,565 52,930 37,026 Colorado ....................... 9 7 13 12,591 567 13,588 1,255 573 1,362 Connecticut .................... 25 6 14 7,492 1,858 3,199 5,029 1,442 1,988 Delaware ....................... (2) - 3 (2) - 198 (2) - 181 District of Columbia ........... (2) - (2) (2) - (2) (2) - (2) Florida ........................ 107 38 67 25,770 6,989 11,396 19,674 6,384 8,493 Georgia ........................ 30 14 13 4,305 2,115 1,718 6,365 2,743 1,750 Hawaii ......................... 9 4 7 1,080 602 1,365 858 525 625 Idaho .......................... 7 9 - 1,120 1,073 - 1,151 799 - Illinois ....................... 91 94 89 23,798 15,633 21,618 21,052 15,144 16,595 Indiana ........................ 12 27 22 3,000 3,429 2,620 2,540 4,836 2,748 Iowa ........................... 6 9 3 1,440 1,352 270 1,133 1,322 387 Kansas ......................... 13 3 13 2,213 925 1,931 1,601 1,163 1,024 Kentucky ....................... 13 12 17 1,537 1,224 2,873 1,441 1,187 2,926 Louisiana ...................... 16 6 17 2,563 875 2,244 1,715 629 1,838 Maine .......................... 6 9 9 1,645 2,769 1,754 915 908 762 Maryland ....................... 25 12 28 2,973 1,071 2,963 2,875 1,105 3,200 Massachusetts .................. 28 19 12 4,505 2,025 1,087 4,782 1,916 1,081 Michigan ....................... 75 58 51 15,999 14,826 15,769 22,292 21,722 7,983 Minnesota ...................... 24 22 28 2,825 3,004 3,714 2,834 3,284 3,064 Mississippi .................... 8 9 10 1,680 2,234 912 853 1,695 721 Missouri ....................... 35 19 35 7,597 3,569 7,955 4,944 2,602 7,961 Montana ........................ 6 (2) 9 596 (2) 644 596 (2) 674 Nebraska ....................... 6 - (2) 1,530 - (2) 631 - (2) Nevada ......................... 4 9 3 924 1,412 382 860 1,390 330 New Hampshire .................. 7 (2) 4 958 (2) 634 965 (2) 593 New Jersey ..................... 75 37 33 20,549 6,205 13,464 17,327 5,194 8,115 New Mexico ..................... 4 3 6 439 219 636 449 224 636 New York ....................... 108 53 44 18,799 6,615 5,415 26,422 6,592 6,810 North Carolina ................. 14 20 15 1,350 2,629 3,279 1,822 4,838 1,626 North Dakota ................... (2) 3 (2) (2) 319 (2) (2) 319 (2) Ohio ........................... 56 55 78 12,354 7,940 12,008 8,563 9,673 10,442 Oklahoma ....................... - 7 - - 3,129 - - 1,899 - Oregon ......................... 24 16 19 5,042 3,035 5,424 4,349 2,901 4,434 Pennsylvania ................... 85 69 67 13,083 7,899 8,238 18,734 15,378 11,548 Rhode Island ................... 7 (2) 7 1,266 (2) 1,379 1,256 (2) 1,220 South Carolina ................. 9 5 9 2,444 565 972 2,577 528 1,070 South Dakota ................... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Tennessee ...................... 7 22 12 1,123 5,845 1,647 740 5,689 1,364 Texas .......................... 29 20 36 4,797 4,019 5,326 6,255 3,681 4,966 Utah ........................... 9 5 6 3,249 724 724 1,078 486 633 Vermont ........................ 7 (2) 9 1,128 (2) 1,441 1,128 (2) 1,441 Virginia ....................... 10 17 18 3,417 4,489 2,947 3,846 4,836 2,217 Washington ..................... 21 22 8 3,346 3,547 1,263 3,258 2,834 1,320 West Virginia .................. 5 3 5 741 250 1,281 600 224 544 Wisconsin ...................... 24 22 28 6,155 4,722 3,960 6,069 4,972 3,808 Wyoming ........................ (2) (2) - (2) (2) - (2) (2) - Puerto Rico .................... 8 12 13 1,914 902 1,017 3,469 3,022 1,607 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 6. Information technology-producing industries: Extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 2000-2007 Information technology-producing industries (1) Total extended Year mass layoffs Computer Software and Communications Communications hardware (2) computer services (3) equipment (4) services (5) Layoff Layoff Layoff Layoff Layoff events Separations events Separations events Separations events Separations events Separations 2000 First quarter ..... 1,081 202,500 22 5,195 14 2,717 9 1,402 4 771 Second quarter .... 1,055 205,861 18 8,862 22 9,114 7 805 7 977 Third quarter ..... 817 174,628 10 1,678 12 1,422 4 1,465 6 1,280 Fourth quarter .... 1,638 332,973 16 3,070 22 3,521 5 946 7 1,020 Total ......... 4,591 915,962 66 18,805 70 16,774 25 4,618 24 4,048 2001 First quarter ..... 1,546 304,171 91 20,991 44 7,963 22 4,441 24 5,312 Second quarter .... 1,828 430,499 161 38,986 87 12,943 36 12,109 28 6,386 Third quarter ..... 1,629 330,391 142 24,813 55 6,820 39 8,200 36 7,134 Fourth quarter .... 2,372 459,771 109 17,797 56 8,290 43 10,124 48 11,252 Total ......... 7,375 1,524,832 503 102,587 242 36,016 140 34,874 136 30,084 2002 First quarter ..... 1,611 299,266 84 18,574 39 4,442 32 8,192 42 6,664 Second quarter .... 1,624 344,606 69 11,764 49 5,454 27 4,870 53 8,538 Third quarter ..... 1,186 255,152 76 15,017 42 5,415 34 6,529 42 7,945 Fourth quarter .... 1,916 373,307 74 14,298 32 7,071 19 3,645 39 8,987 Total ......... 6,337 1,272,331 303 59,653 162 22,382 112 23,236 176 32,134 2003 First quarter ..... 1,502 286,947 71 11,900 33 5,689 23 4,402 41 6,591 Second quarter .... 1,799 368,273 54 9,221 27 4,124 21 3,098 29 5,891 Third quarter ..... 1,190 236,333 46 6,488 26 4,433 9 1,289 15 2,604 Fourth quarter .... 1,690 325,333 25 5,080 14 1,984 9 1,619 28 6,635 Total ......... 6,181 1,216,886 196 32,689 100 16,230 62 10,408 113 21,721 2004 First quarter ..... 1,339 276,503 27 3,222 16 2,992 8 894 23 4,197 Second quarter .... 1,358 278,831 18 2,959 21 3,576 - - 22 5,295 Third quarter ..... 886 164,608 13 2,288 15 1,617 4 430 13 4,317 Fourth quarter .... 1,427 273,967 18 3,055 10 1,547 4 563 23 3,457 Total ......... 5,010 993,909 76 11,524 62 9,732 16 1,887 81 17,266 2005 First quarter ..... 1,142 186,506 13 1,526 13 2,679 4 439 17 3,569 Second quarter .... 1,203 246,099 20 2,973 17 2,106 4 842 11 1,904 Third quarter ..... 1,136 201,878 23 3,307 12 1,742 (6) (6) 11 1,127 Fourth quarter .... 1,400 250,178 19 4,122 7 1,331 (6) (6) 8 1,125 Total ......... 4,881 884,661 75 11,928 49 7,858 13 3,000 47 7,725 2006 First quarter ..... 963 183,089 12 1,159 6 744 (6) (6) 7 833 Second quarter .... 1,353 (r)295,964 10 3,294 9 1,723 8 988 7 1,252 Third quarter ..... 929 (r)160,254 14 3,544 9 699 (6) (6) 11 1,831 Fourth quarter(r) . 1,640 296,662 12 4,039 6 896 5 1,482 9 1,017 Total(r) ...... 4,885 935,969 48 12,036 30 4,062 19 3,753 34 4,933 2007 First quarter(r) .. 1,111 226,044 19 3,007 8 1,458 3 415 5 885 Second quarter(p) . 1,249 238,721 19 3,167 13 2,236 5 383 6 592 1 Information technology-producing industries are defined in Digital Economy 2003, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2 The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), are: semiconductor machinery manufacturing; office machinery manufacturing; electronic computer manufacturing; computer storage device manufacturing; computer terminal manufacturing; other computer peripheral equipment mfg.; electron tube manufacturing; bare printed circuit board manufacturing; semiconductors and related device mfg.; electronic capacitor manufacturing; electronic resistor manufacturing; electronic coils, transformers, and inductors; electronic connector manufacturing; printed circuit assembly manufacturing; other electronic component manufacturing; industrial process variable instruments; electricity and signal testing instruments; analytical laboratory instrument mfg.; computer and software merchant wholesalers; and computer and software stores. 3 The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), are: software publishers; internet service providers; web search portals; data processing and related services; computer and software merchant wholesalers; computer and software stores; custom computer programming services; computer systems design services; computer facilities management services; other computer related services; office equipment rental and leasing; and computer and office machine repair. 4 The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), are: telephone apparatus manufacturing; audio and video equipment manufacturing; broadcast and wireless communications equip.; fiber optic cable manufacturing; software reproducing; and magnetic and optical recording media mfg. 5 The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), are: wired telecommunications carriers; cellular and other wireless carriers; telecommunications resellers; cable and other program distribution; satellite telecommunications; other telecommunications; and communication equipment repair. 6 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. r = revised. p = preliminary. Table 7. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events and separations associated with the movement of work, selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 Layoff events Separations Industry II I II II I II 2006 2007r 2007p 2006 2007r 2007p Total, private nonfarm (1) ................ 72 70 60 16,610 11,401 10,118 Mining ...................................... (2) (2) - (2) (2) - Utilities ................................... - - - - - - Construction ................................ - - - - - - Manufacturing ............................... 47 50 44 10,976 8,147 7,784 Food ................................... 7 4 5 1,905 374 1,329 Beverage and tobacco products .......... - (2) (2) - (2) (2) Textile mills .......................... (2) - (2) (2) - (2) Textile product mills .................. (2) (2) - (2) (2) - Apparel ................................ (2) 8 3 (2) 1,023 440 Leather and allied products ............ - (2) - - (2) - Wood products .......................... - (2) - - (2) - Paper .................................. 8 3 (2) 1,057 405 (2) Printing and related support activities - 5 (2) - 913 (2) Petroleum and coal products ............ - - - - - - Chemicals .............................. (2) 3 (2) (2) 998 (2) Plastics and rubber products ........... 3 (2) 5 901 (2) 535 Nonmetallic mineral products ........... (2) (2) - (2) (2) - Primary metals ......................... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Fabricated metal products .............. (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Machinery .............................. 5 (2) (2) 1,184 (2) (2) Computer and electronic products ....... 3 3 4 502 916 457 Electrical equipment and appliances .... 3 (2) (2) 356 (2) (2) Transportation equipment ............... 8 5 7 3,453 775 1,778 Furniture and related products ......... - (2) (2) - (2) (2) Miscellaneous manufacturing ............ (2) 3 4 (2) 524 576 Wholesale trade ............................. 3 (2) (2) 470 (2) (2) Retail trade ................................ 4 (2) (2) 1,326 (2) (2) Transportation and warehousing .............. - 3 (2) - 538 (2) Information ................................. 5 (2) (2) 710 (2) (2) Finance and insurance ....................... 6 6 3 2,130 1,230 392 Real estate and rental and leasing .......... (2) - - (2) - - Professional and technical services ......... 3 - - 286 - - Management of companies and enterprises ..... - (2) - - (2) - Administrative and waste services ........... (2) 3 (2) (2) 458 (2) Educational services ........................ - - - - - - Health care and social assistance ........... - - 3 - - 258 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ......... - - (2) - - (2) Accommodation and food services ............. - - - - - - Other services, except public administration - (2) - - (2) - Unclassified ................................ - - - - - - 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 8. Reason for layoff: Extended mass layoff events and separations associated with the movement of work, selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 Layoff events Separations Reason for layoff II I II II I II 2006r 2007(1,r) 2007p 2006r 2007(1,r) 2007p Total, private nonfarm (2) ....... 72 70 60 16,610 11,401 10,118 Business demand ..................... 6 13 (3) 1,186 1,684 (3) Contract cancellation ............. (3) (3) - (3) (3) - Contract completion ............... (3) - (3) (3) - (3) Domestic competition .............. (4) (3) - (4) (3) - Excess inventory/saturated market .......................... (4) (3) (3) (4) (3) (3) Import competition ............ 3 (3) 7 885 (3) 1,236 Slack work/insufficient demand/ non-seasonal business slowdown .. - (3) 4 - (3) 1,005 Organizational changes .............. 52 39 27 11,968 6,766 3,831 Business-ownership change ......... 8 7 (3) 1,281 2,091 (3) Reorganization or restructuring of company ...................... 44 32 (3) 10,687 4,675 (3) Financial issues .................... 7 14 18 1,174 2,388 3,596 Bankruptcy ........................ (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Cost control/cost cutting/ increase profitability .......... (4) (3) 14 (4) (3) 2,928 Financial difficulty .............. (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Production specific ................. 3 (3) - 1,675 (3) - Automation/technological advances ........................ - - - - - - Energy related .................... - - - - - - Governmental regulations/ intervention .................... (4) - - (4) - - Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............. (3) - - (3) - - Material or supply shortage ....... - - - - - - Model changeover .................. - - - - - - Plant or machine repair/ maintenance ..................... - - - - - - Product line discontinued ......... (3) (3) - (3) (3) - Disaster/safety ..................... (3) - (3) (3) - (3) Hazardous work environment ........ - - - - - - Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................ - - - - - - Non-natural disaster .............. (3) - (3) (3) - (3) Extreme weather-related event ..... - - - - - - Other/miscellaneous ................. (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Other ............................. (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Data not provided: Refusal ........ - - - - - - Data not provided: Does not know ............................ - - - - - - 1 See footnote 1, table 2. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 3 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 4 Use of this reason began with the first quarter 2007 data. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 9. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events and separations associated with the movement of work selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 Layoff events Separations Census region and division II I II II I II 2006 2007r 2007p 2006 2007r 2007p United States (1).. 72 70 60 16,610 11,401 10,118 Northeast ................. 10 17 11 1,527 2,797 1,436 New England ........... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Middle Atlantic ....... (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) South ..................... 19 26 24 4,585 3,466 4,128 South Atlantic ........ 11 15 9 3,457 1,827 1,629 East South Central .... (2) (2) 8 (2) (2) 949 West South Central .... (2) (2) 7 (2) (2) 1,550 Midwest ................... 24 16 16 5,823 2,781 2,406 East North Central .... 16 13 11 2,358 2,416 1,500 West North Central .... 8 3 5 3,465 365 906 West ...................... 19 11 9 4,675 2,357 2,148 Mountain .............. (2) 5 (2) (2) 844 (2) Pacific ............... (2) 6 (2) (2) 1,513 (2) 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. r = revised. p = preliminary. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England; Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas: East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Table 10. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 Layoff events Separations Action II I II II I II 2006 2007r 2007p 2006 2007r 2007p Total, private nonfarm (1) .......... 1,353 1,111 1,249 295,964 226,044 238,721 Total, excluding seasonal and vacation events (2) ..... c 750 c 850 c 699 c 139,737 c 186,789 c 110,067 Total, movement of work (3) . 72 70 60 16,610 11,401 10,118 Movement of work actions ................ 103 86 82 (4) (4) (4) With separations reported .......... 66 61 61 9,674 8,467 6,971 With separations unknown ........... 37 25 21 (4) (4) (4) 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 The questions on movement of work were not asked of employers when the reason for layoff was either seasonal work or vacation period. 3 Movement of work can involve more than one action. 4 Data are not available. r = revised. p = preliminary. c = corrected. Table 11. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations is known by employers, selected quarters, 2006 and 2007 Actions(1) Separations Activities II I II II I II 2006 2007r 2007p 2006 2007r 2007p With separations reported (2) . 66 61 61 9,674 8,467 6,971 By location Out-of-country relocations .. 23 14 22 3,033 2,135 3,492 Within company .......... 21 13 21 2,912 2,086 3,342 Different company ....... 2 1 1 121 49 150 Domestic relocations ........ 43 46 39 6,641 6,261 3,479 Within company .......... 35 41 30 5,823 5,221 2,869 Different company ....... 8 5 9 818 1,040 610 Unable to assign place of relocation ............... - 1 - - 71 - By company Within company .............. 56 55 51 8,735 7,378 6,211 Domestic ................ 35 41 30 5,823 5,221 2,869 Out of country .......... 21 13 21 2,912 2,086 3,342 Unable to assign ........ - 1 - - 71 - Different company ........... 10 6 10 939 1,089 760 Domestic ................ 8 5 9 818 1,040 610 Out of country .......... 2 1 1 121 49 150 Unable to assign ........ - - - - - - 1 Only actions for which separations associated with the movement of work were reported are shown. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. r = revised. p = preliminary. Note: Dash represents zero.