TEXT Table 1. Hispanic or non-Hispanic origin identification by panel, May 1995 Table 2. Racial identification by panel, May 1995 Table 3. Preference for Hispanic origin as a racial category by panel, May 1995 Table 4. Preference for racial or ethnic terminology, all panels, May 1995 Table 5. Comparison of Hispanic-origin identification from the supplement and the Table 6. Comparison of racial identification from the supplement and the initial CPS interview Table 7. Hispanic national origin from the supplement by panel, May 1995 Table 8. Racial identification in the supplement of Hispanics with different national origins from the Technical information: (202) 606-7371 USDL 95-428 Media contact: 606-5902 For release: Immediate Thursday, October 26, 1995 A TEST OF METHODS FOR COLLECTING RACIAL AND ETHNIC INFORMATION The findings of a special survey to examine the effects of possible changes in the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity in federal government surveys were issued today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. The survey was conducted as a supplement to the May 1995 Current Population Survey, a monthly sample survey of about 56,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The May 1995 supplement was developed at the request of the Interagency Committee for the Review of the Racial and Ethnic Standards, established by the Office of Management and Budget. The attached report examines the initial results from the test supplement. More detailed findings will be issued in a November 1995 report in the BLS Statistical Working Papers series. Single copies of the report, "A CPS Supplement for Testing Methods of Collecting Racial and Ethnic Information: May 1995," are available from BLS, 202-606-7375. ### This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828, TDD phone: 202-606-5897, TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577. - 2 - A CPS Supplement for Testing Methods of Collecting Racial and Ethnic Information: May 1995 ___________________________________________________________________________ U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics October 1995 Background In response to legislative and administrative needs, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued in 1977 the "Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting" contained in Statistical Policy Directive No. 15. The basic racial categories set forth in the Directive are: American Indian or Alaskan Native; Asian or Pacific Islander; Black; and White. The ethnic categories specified in the Directive are Hispanic origin and Not of Hispanic origin. The standards in Directive No.15 have been used for almost two decades throughout the Federal Government for recordkeeping and the collection and presentation of data on race and Hispanic origin. They have been used in two decennial censuses, in surveys of the population, in data collection to meet statutory requirements associated with civil rights monitoring and enforcement, and in other administrative program reporting. During the past several years, the standards have come under increasing criticism from those who believe that the minimum categories set forth in Directive No. 15 do not reflect the increasing racial and ethnic diversity of the Nation's population. Some also have proposed changing the names of several categories. In response to these concerns, the House Subcommittee on Census, Statistics, and Postal Personnel held hearings on the measurement of race and ethnicity; and OMB announced, on July 29, 1993, that it would undertake a comprehensive review of Directive No. 15. A workshop convened by the National Academy of Sciences on February 17-18, 1994 to elaborate issues that should be addressed in the review included representatives from government, academia, industry, and other interested groups. OMB established an Interagency Committee for the Review of the Racial and Ethnic Standards. The members of this committee represent the many and diverse Federal needs for racial and ethnic data. The committee created a Research Working Group charged with developing a plan to study a number of the important issues relevant to the review of the racial and ethnic categories. This led to an interagency research initiative to evaluate proposals for revising racial and ethnic reporting categories as well as the potential effects on data quality that could result from suggested changes in the categories. The first project of the research agenda was proposed in June 1994. That project was a supplement to the Current Population Survey (CPS) designed to collect information on several of the key issues under review. The initial results from the supplement are contained in this report. The complete findings will be considered by OMB in reaching a decision concerning possible modifications to Directive No. 15. - 3 - Supplement design The CPS is a monthly survey of the population using a scientifically selected sample of close to 60,000 households in May representative of the civilian noninstitutional population of the United States. Households selected in the sample are interviewed for 4 consecutive months, are not interviewed for 8 months, and then are interviewed again for 4 consecutive months. The survey is administered by interviewers, who conduct a majority of the interviews by telephone. Race and ethnic origin of household members are routinely collected during the first month in a face-to-face interview. A CPS supplement, a set of questions asked following the labor force survey, provides the opportunity to evaluate new panels of questions on race and ethnicity and to compare the results with answers given using the current CPS questions. The Research Working Group prepared the supplement in consultation with government questionnaire design experts and subject matter experts from outside the Federal Government. All questions were pretested using cognitive methods before they were included on the supplement. The supplement addressed the following issues: (1) The effect of having a multiracial category among the list of races; (2) the effect of adding "Hispanic" to the list of racial categories; and (3) the preferences for alternative names for racial and ethnic categories (e.g., African American for Black and Latino for Hispanic). The supplement was organized into four panels, or versions, representing a two-by-two experimental design for studying issues 1 and 2 above. Questions relating to issue 3 were the same for all panels. This design permits numerous comparisons to estimate the effects of the changes in the questions. Each panel was given to one- fourth of the sample, or about 15,000 households. All respondents in a household received the same set of questions. Household members 15 and older were asked to respond for themselves, and and parents answered for children too young to answer for themselves. The panels were: Panel 1: Separate race and Hispanic-origin questions; no multiracial category Panel 2: Separate race and Hispanic-origin questions with a multiracial category Panel 3: A combined race and Hispanic-origin question; no multiracial category Panel 4: A combined race and Hispanic-origin question with a multiracial category In panels 1 and 2, the separate Hispanic-origin question was asked before the race question. The racial categories used in all four panels (other than Hispanic and multiracial) were (1) White; (2) Black; (3) American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut; and (4) Asian or Pacific Islander. Besides these specific racial categories, respondents were given the opportunity to select "Something Else." Those choosing the multiracial category in panels 2 and 4 were asked to identify their specific races in a follow-up question. Respondents also were asked a question to determine their preference for the name of their race or ethnic origin. Multiracial respondents were asked the reasons why they identified themselves as multiracial. Hispanics were asked whether they preferred to identify - 4 - themselves from a list of races that included Hispanic or through a separate Hispanic-origin question. All respondents were asked to specify ancestry in an open-ended question. Statistical methods The nonresponse rate for the labor force portion of the CPS was 6.5 percent in May. An additional 10.6 percent of the households did not respond to the Race and Ethnicity Supplement. This level of nonresponse is typical of many CPS supplements and did not differ by panel. The data were weighted to compensate for both sources of nonresponse and these new weights were used throughout this analysis. These weights, however, do not compensate for the underrepresentation of some racial or ethnic groups in the CPS. This correction would require weighting to racial and ethnic census counts. Although this is routinely done for labor force estimates from the CPS, to do it in this case would distort the effects of the supplement's experimental design. Therefore, racial and ethnic proportions from the supplement must be interpreted within the context of the experiment, where only comparisons among the four panels are intended. The proportions are not expected to match exactly official CPS figures. All statistical analyses on the effects of the different panels were conducted using CPLX, a statistical software product of the U.S. Bureau of the Census for log-linear model analysis that takes into account the complex sample design of the CPS. The analysis was designed to determine the effects of the presence or absence of a separate Hispanic question and the presence or absence of a separate multiracial category on racial and ethnic distributions. Log-linear analyses were conducted treating each of these effects as separate independent variables to isolate the effect of each one. Only statistically significant differences are reported, unless stated otherwise. Results Only results which address the major research issues are presented here, and these must be taken in context. That is, the questions were administered by interviewers, largely over the telephone, and a majority of the respondents had been asked in a previous non-telephone interview about their ethnic and racial backgrounds. Results using self-administered forms might differ from those presented here. More detailed findings will be issued in a November 1995 report in the BLS Statistical Working Papers series. Hispanic origin. Table 1 shows the percentage of persons in each panel that identified themselves as Hispanic. The percentage of Hispanics in panel 4 includes multiracial respondents who selected Hispanic as one of their races. A higher percentage of people identified themselves as Hispanic when they were asked a separate question than when "Hispanic" was included as a racial category. Even when respondents in panels 3 and 4, where "Hispanic" was a racial category, were given another opportunity in a later question to identify themselves as Hispanic, the proportion Hispanic remained below that in panels 1 and 2. - 5 - Racial distributions. Table 2 gives the racial distributions from the four panels. The distributions could be affected both by the presence or absence of an Hispanic category and by the presence or absence of a multiracial category. The percentage identifying themselves as "White" is over 4 points higher in panels 1 and 2 when the Hispanic origin question is asked separately. When Hispanic origin was presented as a racial category in panels 3 and 4, the portion of the samples identifying as Hispanic is about 8 percent, drawing from both the white category and the "Something Else" category. The multiracial category was included in panels 2 and 4, with very similar results--a little more than 1.5 percent identified as multiracial. When the multiracial category is included, the proportion of American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut drops on both panels 2 and 4. The measurement of American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut may not be straightforward, and information presented later supports the notion that identification as an American Indian or Alaskan Native may have a reliability problem and be sensitive to methods effects (e.g., the way the question is asked). The proportions for Blacks and Asian or Pacific Islanders were not affected by the introduction of either the Hispanic or the multiracial options in the list of racial categories. Table 2 also provides information about how those selecting the multiracial category chose to identify themselves when given the opportunity to specify their races. A sizable percentage selected the "Something Else" category or chose only one race. Hispanics made up a large portion of these respondents who selected multiracial in panel 2, but not in panel 4, which included Hispanic as a racial category. Some of those who specified only one race, or indicated "Something Else," actually went on to specify combinations of two or more races; but a number of others were whites who gave both their race and their ethnic group. When two or more races were selected from the list of races by multiracial respondents, it was most likely to be a combination including American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. Hispanic as a racial category. The question concerning whether Hispanics prefer a separate ethnicity question or an Hispanic racial category was asked differently depending on the panel. Hispanic respondents in panels 1 and 2, who had a separate ethnicity question, were asked if they preferred that Hispanic be included in the list of races. Those receiving panels 3 and 4, where Hispanic was a racial category, were asked if they wanted a separate Hispanic origin question. For comparison across panels, respondents' answers were recoded to reflect the percentage of Hispanics from each panel who preferred a racial category. The results in table 3 indicate that a substantial majority from each panel preferred the racial category option. Those who received the separate ethnicity question had a somewhat lower percentage preferring the racial category. Preferred terminology. People who identified themselves as Hispanic, White, Black, American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut, or multiracial were given a list of terms describing their respective racial or ethnic group and were asked to choose which term they preferred, or to indicate whether they preferred some other term or had no preference. No statistically significant differences were found across panels. Some variation in preferences for terms for American Indians and multiracials appeared to exist, but these were not statistically significant given the small number - 6 - of cases involved. Table 4 gives the percentage from each group preferring a particular term. These results have been collapsed across the panels. The majority of Hispanic respondents chose "Hispanic" as the term they preferred, and about 10 percent of the Hispanics chose each of the other terms. A majority of whites chose "White." A large plurality of blacks preferred the term "Black," but almost as many chose "African American" or "Afro-American." More than half of those identifying as American Indian or one of the classes of Alaskan Native preferred either "American Indian" or "Alaskan Native," but over a third chose the more generic "Native American." Almost 30 percent of those identifying as multiracial preferred the term "Multiracial," but about as many had no preference. Comparison between CPS and Supplement measures. One might expect some inconsistency between the ethnic and racial measures collected during the first CPS interview and those on the supplement because the questions differ. In addition, interviewers showed respondents a flashcard of races and ethnic origins during the first CPS interview. That was not the case with the supplement, which usually was conducted by telephone. Hispanic origin in the CPS is determined from a general question that asks each respondent about his or her origin or descent, and it is asked following the race question. Respondents who indicate that their origin is Mexican- American, Chicano, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or Other Spanish are classified as Hispanic. The CPS race question (asked before the origin question) gives respondents the following options: White; Black; American Indian, Aleut, Eskimo; Asian or Pacific Islander; and Other-Specify. The race question on the first supplement panel most closely resembles the CPS question. The other panels have additional categories. Table 5 shows the comparison between Hispanic classification in the CPS and Hispanic classification in the four panels. The level of consistency differs across panels, and the differences can be attributed largely to the method for ascertaining Hispanic origin in the supplement. With a separate ethnicity question, the agreement is about 94 percent. If Hispanic is included as a race, the agreement between the CPS and the supplement drops to 80 percent. As noted above, the proportion identifying themselves as Hispanic was significantly smaller when the supplement included Hispanic as a racial category. The agreement between the race questions is found in table 6. The "Something Else" and the "Don't Know/Not Ascertained" categories have been collapsed into "All Other" for the supplement distributions. Regardless of the panel, almost 95 percent of those identifying as "Black" in the CPS question also identify as "Black" in the supplement. The level of consistency for whites is about 96 percent in panels 1 and 2 but drops to below 91 percent in panels 3 and 4, where some whites select "Hispanic" instead. The agreement for Asian and Pacific Islander respondents ranges between 86 and 93 percent, but no detectable pattern emerges across panels. Most of those who identified as "Other" in the CPS question selected either "Something Else" (about 60 percent) or "White" (about 25 percent) in panels 1 and 2. In panels 3 and 4, however, over 70 percent chose "Hispanic." In contrast to the other racial categories, the agreement rate between the CPS and the supplement for the American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut category never reaches more than 75 percent in any panel. It is only 60 percent when multiracial is included as a category in panels 2 and 4. These results provide another - 7 - indication of the reliability problem that may be associated with the American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut category. Furthermore, an analysis of results by ancestry, not presented here, indicates that respondents with both white and American Indian ancestry may not consistently identify with one or the other. Similar findings have been reported by others. Responses of Hispanics from different national origins. Those identifying as Hispanic in any panel were asked to identify their Hispanic heritage, in particular, their national origin. Table 7 presents the results by panel. In panels 1 and 2, where Hispanic origin is determined by a separate question, Mexicans make up a smaller proportion of those identifying as Hispanic than in panels 3 and 4, where Hispanic origin is determined by identification with the Hispanic racial category. On the other hand , those identifying as "Cuban" or "Other Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish" make up a larger proportion of the Hispanics in panels 1 and 2. Using the Hispanic nationalities identified by the ethnic origin question from the first CPS interview, the responses of the different nationalities to the supplement race questions were examined. As shown in table 8, the proportion of all nationalities identifying as "White" decreased substantially when an Hispanic racial category was introduced in panels 3 and 4. Cubans are more likely to identify as "White" in all panels compared with the other nationalities. Further analysis A November 1995 report in the BLS Statistical Working Papers Series will offer additional analysis. A public use data set is expected to be available in early 1996. For information on the November report or the data set, call (202) 606-7371. Material in this publication is in the public domain and, with apppropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. This information is available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 606-7828; TDD phone: (202) 606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. 1See the following articles: Passel, Jeffrey S. and Berman, Patricia A., "Quality of 1980 Census Data for American Indians," Social Biology, 33, 1986, pp. 163-182. Snipp, Matthew C., "Who are American Indians? Some Observations About the Perils and Pitfalls of Data for Race and Ethnicity," Population Research and Policy Review, 5, 1986, pp. 237-252. McKenney, Nampeo R. and Cresce, Arthur R., "Measurement of Ethnicity in the United States: Experience of the U.S. Census Bureau," in Challenges of Measuring an Ethnic World: Science, Politics and Reality, Proceedings of the Joint Canada-United States Conference on the Measurement of Ethnicity, April 1-3, 1992, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1993, pp. 163-182. McKenney, Nampeo; Bennett, Claudette; Harrison, Roderick; and del Pinal, Jorge; "Evaluating Racial and Ethnic reporting in the 1990 Census," Proceedings of the Section on Survey Research Methods, American Statistical Association, 1993," pp. 66-74. Technical Note CPS SUPPLEMENT QUESTIONS RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN QUESTIONS Panel 1 1a. First, are you one of the following: Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin? 1. Yes 2. No 3a. Which one of the following list are you? (READ ENTIRE LIST) 1. White 2. Black 3. American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 4. Asian or Pacific Islander 5. Something Else Panel 2 1a. First, are you one of the following: Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin? 1. Yes 2. No 3a. Which one of the following list are you? (READ ENTIRE LIST) 1. White 2. Black 3. American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 4. Asian or Pacific Islander 5. Multiracial 6. Something Else (If Multiracial) 4a. Which of the following list do you consider yourself to be? (READ ENTIRE LIST. ENTER ALL THAT APPLY) 1. White 2. Black 3. American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 4. Asian or Pacific Islander 5. Something Else - 8 - Panel 3 1a. First, which one of the following list are you? (READ ENTIRE LIST) 1. White 2. Black 3. Hispanic, Latino, of Spanish origin 4. American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 5. Asian or Pacific Islander 6. Something Else Panel 4 1a. First, which one of the following list are you? (READ ENTIRE LIST) 1. White 2. Black 3. Hispanic, Latino, of Spanish origin 4. American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 5. Asian or Pacific Islander 6. Multiracial 7. Something Else (If Multiracial) 1c. Which of the following list do you consider yourself to be? (READ ENTIRE LIST. ENTER ALL THAT APPLY) 1. White 2. Black 3. Hispanic 4. American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 5. Asian or Pacific Islander 6. Something Else HISPANIC NATIONAL ORIGIN QUESTION The following question on Hispanic national origin appeared on all four panels: (If Hispanic) Which one of the following are you? (READ EACH ITEM TO THE RESPONDENT.) 1. Mexican or Mexican-American or Chicano 2. Puerto Rican 3. Cuban 4. Central American or South American 5. Other Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin group - 9 - QUESTIONS ON HISPANIC AS A RACIAL CATEGORY The following question on Hispanic as a racial category/separate question appeared on Panels 1 and 2: (If Hispanic) Earlier, when I read you the list of White; Black; American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut; Asian or Pacific Islander; (Multiracial on Panel 2); and Something else, you told me that you are [Fill from response on racial category]. To best describe yourself, would you like to have had "Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin" added to this list? 1. Yes 2. No The following question on Hispanic as a racial category/separate question appeared on Panels 3 and 4: (If Hispanic) To best describe yourself, would you have liked to have had two separate questions at the beginning, one where you could identify as Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin, and another where you could also identify as White; Black; American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut; Asian or Pacific Islander; or Something Else? 1. Yes 2. No QUESTIONS ON PREFERRED RACIAL AND HISPANIC ORIGIN TERMS The following questions on preferred racial and Hispanic origin terms were asked across all four panels: (If White on race question) Earlier you told me that you are White. Which one of the following terms do you prefer? (READ ALL TERMS) 1. White 2. Caucasian 3. European American 4. Anglo 5. Some other term (If Black on race question) Earlier you told me that you are Black. Which one of the following terms do you prefer? (READ ALL TERMS) 1. Black 2. African American 3. Afro-American 4. Negro 5. Colored 6. Some other term - 10 - (If American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut on race question) Earlier you told me that you are American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut. Which one of the following terms do you prefer? (READ ALL TERMS) 1. American Indian 2. Alaskan Native 3. Native American 4. Some other term (If Hispanic on race or Hispanic origin question) You told me that you are Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish Origin. Which one of the following terms do you prefer? (READ ALL TERMS) 1. Hispanic 2. Latino 3. Of Spanish origin 4. Some other term (If Multiracial on race question) Earlier you told me that you are "Multiracial." Which one of the following terms do you prefer? (READ ALL TERMS) 1. Multiracial 2. More than one race 3. Biracial 4. Mixed race 5. Mestizo or mestiza 6. Some other term CURRENT CPS QUESTIONS ASKED IN THE FIRST MONTH INTERVIEW RACE What is the race of each person in this household? 1. White 2. Black 3. American Indian, Aleut, Eskimo 4. Asian or Pacific Islander (Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Asian Indian, Vietnamese, Hawaiian, Guamanian, Samoan, other Asian) 5. Other-specify (not seen by respondent) - 11 - ORIGIN OR DESCENT What is the origin or descent of each person in this household? 01 German 12 Mexican 02 Italian 14 Puerto Rican 03 Irish 15 Cuban 04 French 16 Central or South American 05 Polish 17 Other Hispanic 06 Russian 20 Afro-American (Black,Negro) 07 English 26 Dutch 08 Scottish 27 Swedish 10 Mexican-American 28 Hungarian 11 Chicano 30 Another group not listed Table 1. Hispanic or non-Hispanic origin identification by panel, May 1995 (Percent distribution) __________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Panel |______________________________________________________________ | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 1/ |_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________ Origin | Separate race | Separate race | A combined | A combined | and Hispanic- | and Hispanic- | race and | race and | origin | origin |Hispanic-origin|Hispanic-origin | questions; no | questions with| question; no | question with | multiracial | a multiracial | multiracial | a multiracial | category | category | category | category ___________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|________________ | | | | Hispanic origin............| 10.79 | 10.41 | 7.53 | 8.58 Non-Hispanic origin........| 89.21 | 89.59 | 92.47 | 91.42 ___________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|________________ 1/ Persons who identified themselves as multiracial and chose Hispanic as one of their races are included as Hispanics in this panel. Table 2. Racial identification by panel, May 1995 (Percent distribution) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Panel |________________________________________________________________ | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |_______________|_______________|_______________|________________ Race | Separate race | Separate race | A combined | A combined | and Hispanic- | and Hispanic- | race and | race and | origin | origin |Hispanic-origin|Hispanic-origin | questions; no | questions with| question; no | question with | multiracial | a multiracial | multiracial | a multiracial | category | category | category | category __________________________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|________________ | | | | Single race identification | | | | | | | | White.....................................| 79.88 | 79.74 | 75.78 | 74.66 Black.....................................| 10.29 | 10.66 | 10.60 | 10.27 Hispanic origin...........................| - | - | 7.53 | 8.20 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut.........| .97 | .73 | 1.06 | .79 Asian or Pacific Islander.................| 3.83 | 3.25 | 3.25 | 3.30 Something else............................| 4.68 | 3.70 | 1.50 | .92 Don't know or not ascertained.............| .34 | .26 | .28 | .32 | | | | Multiracial identification | | | | | | | | Total.................................| - | 1.65 | - | 1.55 No race, don't know, or not ascertained...| - | .02 | - | .00 Something else, as only race..............| - | .51 | - | .22 Only one race.............................| - | .53 | - | .15 White or black; black or white............| - | .09 | - | .16 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut, plus | | | | one other race.......................| - | .20 | - | .28 Asian or Pacific Islander, plus | | | | one other race.......................| - | .07 | - | .28 One race, plus something else.............| - | .16 | - | .07 Two other races...........................| - | - | - | .20 Three or more races.......................| - | .08 | - | .21 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Table 3. Preference for Hispanic origin as a racial category by panel, May 1995 (Percent distribution) __________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Panel |_______________________________________________________________ | | | | | 1 | 2 1/ | 3 | 4 |_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________ Response | Separate race | Separate race | A combined | A combined | and Hispanic- | and Hispanic- | race and | race and | origin | origin |Hispanic-origin|Hispanic-origin | questions; no | questions with| question; no | question with | multiracial | a multiracial | multiracial | a multiracial | category | category | category | category ___________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|________________ | | | | Yes........................| 63.62 | 60.69 | 73.60 | 73.81 No.........................| 36.38 | 39.31 | 26.40 | 26.19 ___________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|________________ 1/ Persons who responded "no preference" were coded as "No" in panel 2; this option was not available to other panels. Table 4. Preference for racial or ethnic terminology, all panels, May 1995 (Percent distribution) _______________________________________________________________________________ | Preferred terminology | Percent ____________________________________________________________________|__________ | Hispanic origin | | Hispanic............................................................| 57.88 Latino..............................................................| 11.74 Of Spanish origin...................................................| 12.34 Some other term.....................................................| 7.85 No preference.......................................................| 10.18 | White | | White...............................................................| 61.66 Caucasian...........................................................| 16.53 European American...................................................| 2.35 Anglo...............................................................| .96 Some other term.....................................................| 1.97 No preference.......................................................| 16.53 | Black | | Black...............................................................| 44.15 African American....................................................| 28.07 Afro-American.......................................................| 12.12 Negro...............................................................| 3.28 Colored.............................................................| 1.09 Some other term.....................................................| 2.19 No preference.......................................................| 9.11 | American Indian | | American Indian.....................................................| 49.76 Alaskan Native......................................................| 3.51 Native American.....................................................| 37.35 Some other term.....................................................| 3.66 No preference.......................................................| 5.72 | Multiracial | | Multiracial.........................................................| 28.42 More than one race..................................................| 6.03 Biracial............................................................| 5.67 Mixed race..........................................................| 16.02 Mestizo or Mestiza..................................................| 2.25 Some other term.....................................................| 13.87 No preference.......................................................| 27.76 _______________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Table 5. Comparison of Hispanic-origin identification from the supplement and the initial CPS interview by panel, May 1995 (Percent distribution) ____________________________________________________________________________________ |Hispanic origin from the initial CPS interview 1/ |________________________________________________________ Origin from the | | supplement | Hispanic origin | Non-Hispanic origin |____________________|___________________________________ | Panel 1. Separate race and Hispanic-origin | questions; no multiracial category ___________________________|____________________|___________________________________ | | Hispanic origin............| 93.27 | 1.88 Non-Hispanic origin........| 6.73 | 98.12 |____________________|___________________________________ | Panel 2. Separate race and Hispanic-origin | questions with a multiracial category |____________________|___________________________________ | | Hispanic origin............| 95.30 | 1.72 Non-Hispanic origin........| 4.70 | 98.28 |____________________|___________________________________ | Panel 3. A combined race and Hispanic-origin | question; no multiracial category |____________________|___________________________________ | | Hispanic origin............| 79.21 | .48 Non-Hispanic origin........| 20.79 | 99.52 |____________________|___________________________________ | Panel 4. A combined race and Hispanic-origin | question with a multiracial category |____________________|___________________________________ | | Hispanic origin............| 81.16 | .68 Non-Hispanic origin........| 18.84 | 99.32 ___________________________|____________________|___________________________________ 1/ Race and ethnic origin of CPS respondents are routinely collected during the first month's interview. Table 6. Comparison of racial identification from the supplement and the initial CPS interview by panel, May 1995 (Percent distribution) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Race from the initial CPS interview 1/ Race from the |____________________________________________________________________________________ supplement | | | American Indian, | Asian or Pacific | | White | Black | Eskimo, or Aleut | Islander | All other ___________________________________|_______________|_______________|__________________|__________________|______________ | Panel 1. Separate race and Hispanic-origin questions; no multiracial category |____________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | White..............................| 95.80 | .78 | 17.90 | 2.50 | 24.36 Black..............................| .19 | 95.02 | .64 | .22 | 3.71 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut..| .36 | .78 | 74.50 | .27 | 1.53 Asian or Pacific Islander..........| .25 | .01 | .70 | 90.91 | 5.19 All other..........................| 3.39 | 3.41 | 6.27 | 6.10 | 65.21 |_______________|_______________|__________________|__________________|______________ | Panel 2. Separate race and Hispanic-origin questions with a multiracial category |____________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | White..............................| 95.64 | 1.23 | 22.10 | 1.09 | 25.85 Black..............................| .17 | 93.70 | 10.17 | .08 | 2.04 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut..| .31 | .21 | 58.93 | .40 | 1.73 Asian or Pacific Islander..........| .14 | .06 | 1.95 | 92.67 | 2.69 Multiracial........................| 1.15 | 2.77 | 4.24 | 1.83 | 11.87 All other..........................| 2.60 | 2.03 | 2.60 | 3.93 | 55.82 |_______________|_______________|__________________|__________________|______________ | Panel 3. A combined race and Hispanic-origin question; no multiracial category |____________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | White..............................| 91.28 | .63 | 14.24 | 1.63 | 3.91 Black..............................| .16 | 94.72 | .63 | .27 | 1.97 Hispanic...........................| 7.10 | .91 | 4.57 | .61 | 72.03 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut..| .35 | .25 | 71.98 | 2.98 | .59 Asian or Pacific Islander..........| .09 | .15 | 3.50 | 88.01 | 7.31 All other..........................| 1.03 | 3.34 | 5.07 | 6.50 | 14.20 |_______________|_______________|__________________|__________________|______________ | Panel 4. A combined race and Hispanic-origin question with a multiracial category |____________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | White..............................| 90.15 | .57 | 14.45 | 1.44 | 3.06 Black..............................| .16 | 94.62 | 2.52 | - | 1.11 Hispanic...........................| 7.64 | .24 | 7.43 | .68 | 75.36 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut..| .24 | .22 | 61.70 | .43 | 1.29 Asian or Pacific Islander..........| .12 | .03 | 1.98 | 86.00 | 1.73 Multiracial........................| .92 | 2.36 | 7.94 | 6.93 | 9.11 All other..........................| .77 | 1.95 | 3.98 | 4.51 | 8.33 ___________________________________|_______________|_______________|__________________|__________________|_______________ 1/ Race and ethnic origin of CPS repondents are routinely collected during the first month's interview. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Table 7. Hispanic national origin from the supplement by panel, May 1995 (Percent distribution) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Panel |________________________________________________________________ | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |_______________|_______________|_______________|________________ National origin | Separate race | Separate race | A combined | A combined | and Hispanic- | and Hispanic- | race and | race and | origin | origin |Hispanic-origin|Hispanic-origin | questions; no | questions with| question; no | question with | multiracial | a multiracial | multiracial | a multiracial | category | category | category | category __________________________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|________________ | | | | Mexican, Mexican American, or Chicano.....| 59.45 | 60.49 | 67.03 | 65.12 Puerto Rican..............................| 9.66 | 9.33 | 10.03 | 10.44 Cuban.....................................| 4.68 | 4.12 | 1.96 | 2.40 Central or South American.................| 13.00 | 10.61 | 11.92 | 11.76 Other Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish........| 11.81 | 13.89 | 8.73 | 9.56 Not really Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish...| .85 | 1.29 | .20 | .42 Origin not known or ascertained...........| .54 | .28 | .12 | .30 | | | | __________________________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|________________ NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding. Table 8. Racial identification in the supplement of Hispanics with different national origins from the initial CPS interview by panel, May 1995 (Percent distribution) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | Hispanic national origin from the initial CPS interview 1/ Race from the |____________________________________________________________________________________ supplement |Mexican, Mexican| | | Central or South | | American, or | Puerto Rican | Cuban | American | Other Spanish | Chicano | | | | ___________________________________|________________|______________|___________|__________________|_____________________ | Panel 1. Separate race and Hispanic-origin questions; no multiracial category |____________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | White..............................| 64.67 | 61.20 | 93.30 | 42.91 | 59.82 Black..............................| - | 3.86 | .83 | 3.95 | .91 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut..| 1.77 | 1.02 | - | 4.70 | 1.38 Asian or Pacific Islander..........| .35 | .94 | - | 1.93 | - All other..........................| 33.20 | 32.97 | 5.87 | 46.51 | 37.89 |________________|______________|___________|__________________|_____________________ | Panel 2. Separate race and Hispanic-origin questions with a multiracial category |____________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | White..............................| 61.83 | 56.45 | 95.00 | 63.97 | 49.58 Black..............................| - | 3.60 | - | 3.85 | 5.03 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut..| 1.30 | - | - | 2.05 | .50 Asian or Pacific Islander..........| .15 | .41 | - | 1.20 | 2.40 Multiracial........................| 2.98 | 7.00 | 1.17 | 3.03 | 7.15 All other..........................| 33.75 | 32.54 | 3.83 | 25.91 | 35.34 |________________|______________|___________|__________________|_____________________ | Panel 3. A combined race and Hispanic-origin question; no multiracial category |____________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | White..............................| 10.85 | 21.62 | 57.95 | 19.19 | 18.90 Black..............................| .26 | 1.90 | - | 1.99 | 6.10 Hispanic...........................| 85.15 | 71.51 | 39.92 | 77.68 | 67.31 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut..| .47 | - | - | .43 | - Asian or Pacific Islander..........| .03 | - | - | - | - All other..........................| 3.24 | 4.97 | 2.13 | .71 | 7.69 |________________|______________|___________|__________________|_____________________ | Panel 4. A combined race and Hispanic-origin question with a multiracial category |____________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | White..............................| 11.16 | 17.04 | 49.90 | 14.08 | 27.16 Black..............................| .06 | 1.35 | 2.23 | 4.09 | .59 Hispanic...........................| 84.04 | 77.30 | 46.40 | 75.42 | 65.66 American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut..| .02 | - | - | .41 | .11 Asian or Pacific Islander..........| .05 | - | - | .56 | - Multiracial........................| 1.96 | 2.50 | 1.46 | 1.05 | 4.61 All other..........................| 2.71 | 1.80 | - | 4.38 | 1.86 ___________________________________|________________|______________|___________|__________________|_______________ 1/ Race and ethnic origin of CPS repondents are routinely collected during the first month's interview. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals due to rounding.