Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 00-284 Household data: (202) 691-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, October 6, 2000. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: SEPTEMBER 2000 Total nonfarm employment rose by 252,000 in September, and the unemployment rate declined to 3.9 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. After adjusting for the net return of striking workers (75,000) and a further decline in the number of temporary census jobs (27,000), nonfarm employment was up by 204,000. Job gains were very strong in the services industry, but the overall employment change was tempered by widespread job losses in manufacturing. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons, 5.5 million, and the unemployment rate, 3.9 percent, declined in September. Over the past year, the rate has ranged from 3.9 percent to 4.1 percent. Over the month, the unemployment rates decreased for adult women (3.5 percent) and blacks (7.0 percent). Rates for the other major worker groups--adult men (3.2 percent), teenagers (12.8 percent), whites (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)--showed little or no change. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment was little changed at 135.2 million, seasonally adjusted, in September. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.3 percent, unchanged from August. The civilian labor force, 140.6 million, and the labor force participation rate, 66.9 percent, were both essentially unchanged in September. (See table A-1.) The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (those who would have preferred full-time work) was 3.2 million in September. The number of these involuntary part-time workers has ranged from 3.1 to 3.3 million since July 1999. (See table A-4.) About 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in September. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent of total employment, compared with 5.7 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in September, about the same number as a year earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 250,000 in September. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Aug.- Category | 2000 | 2000 | Sept. |_________________|__________________________|change | II | III | July | Aug. | Sept. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 140,827| 140,593| 140,399| 140,742| 140,639| -103 Employment..........| 135,200| 134,941| 134,749| 134,912| 135,161| 249 Unemployment........| 5,627| 5,652| 5,650| 5,829| 5,477| -352 Not in labor force....| 68,550| 69,348| 69,329| 69,193| 69,522| 329 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.0| 4.0| 4.0| 4.1| 3.9| -0.2 Adult men...........| 3.3| 3.2| 3.2| 3.2| 3.2| .0 Adult women.........| 3.7| 3.6| 3.7| 3.8| 3.5| -.3 Teenagers...........| 12.3| 13.5| 13.4| 14.4| 12.8| -1.6 White...............| 3.4| 3.5| 3.5| 3.6| 3.5| -.1 Black...............| 7.7| 7.6| 7.7| 8.0| 7.0| -1.0 Hispanic origin.....| 5.6| 5.6| 5.6| 5.7| 5.6| -.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 131,552|p131,630| 131,607|p131,516|p131,768| p252 Goods-producing 1/..| 25,703| p25,668| 25,756| p25,643| p25,606| p-37 Construction......| 6,676| p6,683| 6,670| p6,675| p6,705| p30 Manufacturing.....| 18,488| p18,448| 18,548| p18,431| p18,365| p-66 Service-producing 1/| 105,849|p105,962| 105,851|p105,873|p106,162| p289 Retail trade......| 23,128| p23,191| 23,196| p23,188| p23,189| p1 Services..........| 40,272| p40,586| 40,403| p40,578| p40,778| p200 Government........| 20,827| p20,522| 20,606| p20,498| p20,462| p-36 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.5| p34.4| 34.4| p34.3| p34.4| p0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| p41.4| 41.7| p41.3| p41.2| p-.1 Overtime..........| 4.7| p4.5| 4.6| p4.5| p4.4| p-.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 151.2| p151.3| 151.4| p151.0| p151.4| p0.4 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.67| p$13.79| $13.75| p$13.80| p$13.83| p$0.03 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 471.50| p474.03| 473.00| p473.34| p475.75| p2.41 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 252,000 to 131.8 million in September. Contributing to this increase was the net return of 75,000 striking workers to their jobs. At the same time, the number also reflects the conclusion of 27,000 temporary census jobs. After adjusting for both effects, payroll employment increased by 204,000 in September. (The strike adjustment primarily reflects the return of 87,000 communications workers who were off company payrolls in August, which was partly offset by new strikes involving 12,000 workers.) So far this year, employment has increased by an average of 192,000 per month compared to 229,000 per month for all of 1999. (See table B-1.) Employment in the services industry rose by 200,000 in September, seasonally adjusted. Month-to-month growth in services employment has varied widely this year, although the average monthly change (119,000) is close to the monthly average for all of 1999. Employment in help supply services increased by 69,000 in September, after showing little net growth in the prior 3 months. Over the month, job gains continued in health services and in engineering and management services. In September, as in August, there were large employment increases in job training services (within social services) and civic and social organizations (within membership organizations) after seasonal adjustment; these increases resulted from lighter-than-normal seasonal layoffs that followed weak summer hiring. Construction employment rose by 30,000 in September, seasonally adjusted, following 3 months of very small gains. Seasonal declines in construction usually begin in September. This year those seasonal layoffs were smaller than normal, perhaps reflecting the relatively light hiring over the summer. Thus far this year, construction employment has increased by 17,000 per month on average, compared with 25,000 per month for all of 1999. Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 105,000 in September, largely reflecting the return of 87,000 telephone communications workers from a strike that kept them off payrolls during the August reference period. Apart from the strike effect, employment in the communications industry increased by 7,000, and the transportation industry continued to grow. Finance, insurance, and real estate employment rose by 16,000 in September, following a similar gain in August. In the first 7 months of the year, however, the industry had averaged monthly job losses of 4,000. In September, security brokerages added 6,000 jobs, continuing a strong growth trend. Employment also increased in mortgage brokerages and in real estate. - 4 - Employment in manufacturing fell by 66,000 in September, following an even larger decline of 117,000 in August, as revised. Part of September's decline resulted from 10,000 workers being off payrolls due to strikes in transportation equipment and food and kindred products during the survey reference period. September's losses were widespread, with employment down in both durable and nondurable goods manufacturing. Employment fell in industrial machinery and equipment (9,000), apparel (9,000), rubber and miscellaneous plastics (8,000), and fabricated metal products (6,000). The only manufacturing industry to show consistent growth this year has been electronic components, which added 4,000 jobs in September and has added 46,000 jobs since April 1999. Retail trade employment was essentially unchanged in September, as gains in most component industries were offset by losses in eating and drinking places and in building materials stores. The number of jobs in eating and drinking establishments declined for the second consecutive month, following strong gains in June and July. Wholesale trade showed little change in September. Federal government employment fell in September, as 27,000 temporary Census 2000 workers completed their assignments. As of September, only about 6,000 temporary census workers remained on the federal government payroll, down from a peak of 618,000 in May. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was up by 0.1 hour in September to 34.4 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 41.2 hours, following a drop of 0.4 hour in August. In September, manufacturing overtime declined by 0.1 hour for the second consecutive month to 4.4 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 percent to 151.4 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 0.7 percent to 104.6. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents in September to $13.83, seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased by 0.5 percent to $475.75. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.6 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.3 percent. Twelve-month growth rates in hourly earnings have been in the range of 3.5 to 3.8 percent since February 1999. (See table B-3.) ------------------------------ The Employment Situation for October 2000 is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). - 5 - Expansion of the Current Population Survey (Household Survey) Sample The Census Bureau is expanding the monthly sample for the Current Population Survey (CPS) in response to a legislative mandate under the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). This expansion, which will occur in 31 states and the District of Columbia, will increase the total number of households eligible for the monthly survey from about 50,000 to about 60,000. The additional households are being introduced into the survey over a 3-month period beginning with September 2000. The SCHIP legislation requires that the Census Bureau improve state estimates of the number of children who live in low-income families and lack health insurance. The expansion of the monthly CPS sample is one part of the Census Bureau's plan for improving the SCHIP estimates. Other parts of the plan include an increase in the number of households that will be asked the questions from the annual March supplement to the CPS, the source of information on income and access to health insurance. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) does not plan to use the expanded sample for the official national labor force estimates until at least July 2001, after the data collected from the new households have been evaluated. BLS will review estimates for November 2000 through April 2001 produced from the expanded sample. If persistent differences are observed between the estimates derived from the current and expanded samples during this period of review, the use of the expanded sample in the official estimates may be further delayed. The announcement of the final decision on whether the expanded sample will be used in the official data for July 2001 (scheduled for release in August) will be made in early June. - 6 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000, the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 7 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 8 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 9 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or $40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 208,265 209,935 210,161 208,265 209,371 209,543 209,727 209,935 210,161 Civilian labor force............................ 139,217 141,425 140,357 139,475 140,489 140,762 140,399 140,742 140,639 Participation rate........................ 66.8 67.4 66.8 67.0 67.1 67.2 66.9 67.0 66.9 Employed...................................... 133,555 135,601 135,033 133,650 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912 135,161 Employment-population ratio............... 64.1 64.6 64.3 64.2 64.3 64.5 64.2 64.3 64.3 Agriculture................................. 3,342 3,656 3,510 3,179 3,298 3,321 3,299 3,344 3,340 Nonagricultural industries.................. 130,214 131,945 131,523 130,471 131,417 131,858 131,450 131,569 131,821 Unemployed.................................... 5,661 5,824 5,324 5,825 5,774 5,583 5,650 5,829 5,477 Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 Not in labor force.............................. 69,048 68,510 69,804 68,790 68,882 68,781 69,329 69,193 69,522 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,196 4,441 4,184 4,352 4,412 4,254 4,478 4,213 4,349 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 99,976 100,847 100,963 99,976 100,566 100,654 100,745 100,847 100,963 Civilian labor force............................ 74,393 76,086 74,983 74,643 74,883 75,120 74,917 75,412 75,233 Participation rate........................ 74.4 75.4 74.3 74.7 74.5 74.6 74.4 74.8 74.5 Employed...................................... 71,603 73,299 72,317 71,630 71,948 72,217 72,063 72,407 72,352 Employment-population ratio............... 71.6 72.7 71.6 71.6 71.5 71.7 71.5 71.8 71.7 Unemployed.................................... 2,790 2,787 2,666 3,013 2,934 2,903 2,854 3,005 2,881 Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 91,793 92,754 92,863 91,793 92,408 92,546 92,642 92,754 92,863 Civilian labor force............................ 70,286 71,324 70,954 70,328 70,603 70,714 70,702 71,067 71,002 Participation rate........................ 76.6 76.9 76.4 76.6 76.4 76.4 76.3 76.6 76.5 Employed...................................... 68,078 69,176 68,823 67,943 68,230 68,430 68,440 68,757 68,699 Employment-population ratio............... 74.2 74.6 74.1 74.0 73.8 73.9 73.9 74.1 74.0 Agriculture................................. 2,296 2,441 2,474 2,189 2,217 2,269 2,296 2,288 2,350 Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,782 66,735 66,349 65,754 66,013 66,161 66,144 66,469 66,349 Unemployed.................................... 2,208 2,148 2,130 2,385 2,373 2,284 2,263 2,309 2,303 Unemployment rate......................... 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,289 109,088 109,198 108,289 108,805 108,889 108,983 109,088 109,198 Civilian labor force............................ 64,823 65,339 65,374 64,832 65,606 65,642 65,482 65,330 65,406 Participation rate........................ 59.9 59.9 59.9 59.9 60.3 60.3 60.1 59.9 59.9 Employed...................................... 61,952 62,302 62,716 62,020 62,767 62,962 62,686 62,505 62,809 Employment-population ratio............... 57.2 57.1 57.4 57.3 57.7 57.8 57.5 57.3 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 2,871 3,037 2,658 2,812 2,839 2,680 2,796 2,824 2,597 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.0 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,385 101,209 101,321 100,385 100,929 101,007 101,111 101,209 101,321 Civilian labor force............................ 61,053 60,909 61,552 60,860 61,614 61,596 61,508 61,260 61,386 Participation rate........................ 60.8 60.2 60.7 60.6 61.0 61.0 60.8 60.5 60.6 Employed...................................... 58,753 58,369 59,370 58,630 59,248 59,278 59,222 58,949 59,268 Employment-population ratio............... 58.5 57.7 58.6 58.4 58.7 58.7 58.6 58.2 58.5 Agriculture................................. 833 883 787 778 864 834 792 824 744 Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,920 57,486 58,583 57,852 58,383 58,444 58,430 58,125 58,524 Unemployed.................................... 2,299 2,539 2,182 2,230 2,367 2,318 2,286 2,311 2,118 Unemployment rate......................... 3.8 4.2 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 16,086 15,972 15,977 16,086 16,034 15,991 15,974 15,972 15,977 Civilian labor force............................ 7,878 9,192 7,852 8,287 8,271 8,452 8,189 8,415 8,251 Participation rate........................ 49.0 57.6 49.1 51.5 51.6 52.9 51.3 52.7 51.6 Employed...................................... 6,724 8,055 6,840 7,077 7,237 7,471 7,087 7,206 7,195 Employment-population ratio............... 41.8 50.4 42.8 44.0 45.1 46.7 44.4 45.1 45.0 Agriculture................................. 212 331 249 212 217 218 211 232 247 Nonagricultural industries.................. 6,512 7,724 6,591 6,865 7,020 7,253 6,876 6,974 6,948 Unemployed.................................... 1,154 1,137 1,012 1,210 1,034 981 1,101 1,209 1,056 Unemployment rate......................... 14.7 12.4 12.9 14.6 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4 12.8 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,432 174,587 174,745 173,432 174,197 174,316 174,443 174,587 174,745 Civilian labor force............................ 116,243 118,018 117,237 116,495 117,097 117,451 117,258 117,551 117,535 Participation rate.......................... 67.0 67.6 67.1 67.2 67.2 67.4 67.2 67.3 67.3 Employed...................................... 112,241 113,845 113,334 112,303 112,988 113,484 113,156 113,352 113,450 Employment-population ratio................. 64.7 65.2 64.9 64.8 64.9 65.1 64.9 64.9 64.9 Unemployed.................................... 4,002 4,173 3,903 4,192 4,108 3,967 4,103 4,199 4,085 Unemployment rate........................... 3.4 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 59,808 60,512 60,227 59,841 59,882 60,074 59,950 60,358 60,275 Participation rate.......................... 77.1 77.3 76.9 77.1 76.7 76.9 76.7 77.1 77.0 Employed...................................... 58,236 58,994 58,660 58,102 58,184 58,409 58,302 58,701 58,543 Employment-population ratio................. 75.1 75.4 74.9 74.9 74.6 74.8 74.6 75.0 74.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,571 1,518 1,567 1,739 1,698 1,666 1,647 1,657 1,732 Unemployment rate........................... 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 49,746 49,727 50,355 49,593 50,237 50,246 50,356 50,060 50,235 Participation rate.......................... 59.9 59.4 60.1 59.7 60.2 60.2 60.2 59.8 60.0 Employed...................................... 48,138 47,855 48,786 48,010 48,567 48,616 48,700 48,388 48,688 Employment-population ratio................. 57.9 57.2 58.3 57.8 58.2 58.2 58.3 57.8 58.2 Unemployed.................................... 1,608 1,872 1,570 1,583 1,670 1,630 1,656 1,673 1,546 Unemployment rate........................... 3.2 3.8 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 6,690 7,779 6,654 7,061 6,978 7,130 6,953 7,133 7,025 Participation rate.......................... 52.5 61.3 52.4 55.4 54.9 56.1 54.7 56.2 55.3 Employed...................................... 5,867 6,996 5,888 6,191 6,237 6,458 6,153 6,264 6,219 Employment-population ratio................. 46.0 55.1 46.4 48.6 49.1 50.8 48.4 49.3 49.0 Unemployed.................................... 823 783 766 870 740 672 800 869 806 Unemployment rate........................... 12.3 10.1 11.5 12.3 10.6 9.4 11.5 12.2 11.5 Men....................................... 12.4 10.6 11.9 12.7 10.7 11.2 12.6 13.3 12.2 Women..................................... 12.2 9.4 11.1 11.9 10.5 7.4 10.3 11.0 10.7 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,946 25,258 25,299 24,946 25,161 25,191 25,221 25,258 25,299 Civilian labor force............................ 16,494 16,630 16,426 16,474 16,596 16,577 16,456 16,512 16,403 Participation rate.......................... 66.1 65.8 64.9 66.0 66.0 65.8 65.2 65.4 64.8 Employed...................................... 15,113 15,269 15,244 15,114 15,261 15,275 15,190 15,190 15,246 Employment-population ratio................. 60.6 60.5 60.3 60.6 60.7 60.6 60.2 60.1 60.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,381 1,361 1,182 1,360 1,335 1,302 1,266 1,322 1,156 Unemployment rate........................... 8.4 8.2 7.2 8.3 8.0 7.9 7.7 8.0 7.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,216 7,337 7,285 7,205 7,261 7,263 7,292 7,337 7,274 Participation rate.......................... 72.4 72.4 71.8 72.3 72.0 72.0 72.1 72.4 71.7 Employed...................................... 6,711 6,824 6,826 6,696 6,736 6,761 6,803 6,797 6,813 Employment-population ratio................. 67.3 67.4 67.3 67.2 66.8 67.0 67.3 67.1 67.1 Unemployed.................................... 506 513 458 509 524 502 489 540 461 Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 7.0 6.3 7.1 7.2 6.9 6.7 7.4 6.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,361 8,215 8,239 8,316 8,384 8,347 8,217 8,230 8,197 Participation rate.......................... 66.9 64.9 64.9 66.5 66.5 66.1 65.0 65.0 64.6 Employed...................................... 7,774 7,656 7,740 7,759 7,801 7,792 7,691 7,710 7,724 Employment-population ratio................. 62.2 60.4 61.0 62.1 61.9 61.7 60.8 60.9 60.9 Unemployed.................................... 587 559 499 557 583 554 525 520 472 Unemployment rate........................... 7.0 6.8 6.1 6.7 7.0 6.6 6.4 6.3 5.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 917 1,078 902 953 951 967 947 945 932 Participation rate.......................... 36.9 43.8 36.6 38.4 38.5 39.2 38.4 38.4 37.8 Employed...................................... 628 788 677 659 724 722 696 682 709 Employment-population ratio................. 25.3 32.0 27.5 26.5 29.3 29.2 28.2 27.7 28.8 Unemployed.................................... 289 289 225 294 227 245 252 262 223 Unemployment rate........................... 31.5 26.8 24.9 30.8 23.9 25.4 26.6 27.8 23.9 Men....................................... 28.7 31.8 25.8 30.3 27.7 32.0 25.0 33.7 26.7 Women..................................... 34.2 22.4 24.1 31.4 20.2 18.2 27.9 22.5 21.5 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,820 22,488 22,555 21,820 22,292 22,355 22,422 22,488 22,555 Civilian labor force............................ 14,768 15,357 15,525 14,766 15,322 15,325 15,188 15,248 15,536 Participation rate.......................... 67.7 68.3 68.8 67.7 68.7 68.6 67.7 67.8 68.9 Employed...................................... 13,818 14,458 14,666 13,795 14,432 14,461 14,339 14,371 14,666 Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 64.3 65.0 63.2 64.7 64.7 64.0 63.9 65.0 Unemployed.................................... 950 899 859 971 890 864 849 876 871 Unemployment rate........................... 6.4 5.9 5.5 6.6 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.7 5.6 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 28,583 28,306 28,346 28,583 28,096 28,227 27,888 28,306 28,346 Civilian labor force.................... 12,275 12,456 12,578 12,151 11,815 12,004 12,328 12,441 12,417 Percent of population............... 42.9 44.0 44.4 42.5 42.1 42.5 44.2 43.9 43.8 Employed.............................. 11,506 11,747 11,872 11,327 10,984 11,239 11,544 11,677 11,662 Employment-population ratio......... 40.3 41.5 41.9 39.6 39.1 39.8 41.4 41.3 41.1 Unemployed............................ 769 709 706 824 832 765 784 764 755 Unemployment rate................... 6.3 5.7 5.6 6.8 7.0 6.4 6.4 6.1 6.1 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,518 56,882 57,244 57,518 57,746 57,581 57,144 56,882 57,244 Civilian labor force.................... 37,286 36,395 36,712 37,188 37,224 36,910 37,018 36,589 36,682 Percent of population............... 64.8 64.0 64.1 64.7 64.5 64.1 64.8 64.3 64.1 Employed.............................. 36,022 35,097 35,534 35,879 35,895 35,659 35,782 35,238 35,463 Employment-population ratio......... 62.6 61.7 62.1 62.4 62.2 61.9 62.6 62.0 62.0 Unemployed............................ 1,264 1,298 1,178 1,309 1,329 1,251 1,236 1,350 1,219 Unemployment rate................... 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.3 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 42,955 44,616 44,191 42,955 44,153 44,250 44,724 44,616 44,191 Civilian labor force.................... 31,930 32,980 32,683 32,140 33,065 33,094 32,952 33,175 32,934 Percent of population............... 74.3 73.9 74.0 74.8 74.9 74.8 73.7 74.4 74.5 Employed.............................. 31,086 32,036 31,866 31,269 32,228 32,132 32,029 32,230 32,091 Employment-population ratio......... 72.4 71.8 72.1 72.8 73.0 72.6 71.6 72.2 72.6 Unemployed............................ 844 944 817 871 838 962 923 946 843 Unemployment rate................... 2.6 2.9 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.6 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 45,081 45,718 45,863 45,081 45,029 45,092 45,549 45,718 45,863 Civilian labor force.................... 35,948 35,827 36,227 35,722 36,011 35,988 35,877 35,903 36,017 Percent of population............... 79.7 78.4 79.0 79.2 80.0 79.8 78.8 78.5 78.5 Employed.............................. 35,333 35,038 35,531 35,112 35,433 35,437 35,254 35,250 35,319 Employment-population ratio......... 78.4 76.6 77.5 77.9 78.7 78.6 77.4 77.1 77.0 Unemployed............................ 615 788 696 610 577 551 623 653 697 Unemployment rate................... 1.7 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 133,555 135,601 135,033 133,650 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912 135,161 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,663 43,416 43,627 43,367 43,216 43,357 43,284 43,372 43,324 Married women, spouse present................... 33,403 32,912 33,503 33,275 33,786 33,824 33,618 33,413 33,402 Women who maintain families..................... 8,380 8,536 8,633 8,312 8,301 8,280 8,483 8,519 8,548 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 40,892 40,663 41,106 40,784 40,858 41,148 40,784 40,937 40,963 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,519 39,104 38,810 38,634 39,537 39,270 39,239 39,026 38,966 Service occupations............................. 17,817 17,976 18,019 17,876 18,181 18,090 17,877 17,675 18,128 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,531 15,324 15,005 14,659 14,867 14,888 15,236 15,263 15,156 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,202 18,722 18,482 18,227 18,020 18,430 18,296 18,592 18,501 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,594 3,812 3,612 3,365 3,410 3,368 3,309 3,400 3,395 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,051 2,253 2,141 1,930 2,006 2,059 2,079 2,056 2,010 Self-employed workers......................... 1,246 1,356 1,328 1,198 1,252 1,175 1,182 1,258 1,288 Unpaid family workers......................... 44 46 42 40 38 50 40 37 39 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 121,255 123,181 122,545 121,583 122,860 123,002 122,681 122,773 122,992 Government.................................. 18,939 18,015 18,827 19,080 19,169 18,777 18,497 18,496 18,979 Private industries.......................... 102,316 105,166 103,718 102,503 103,691 104,225 104,184 104,277 104,013 Private households........................ 1,006 753 784 1,035 953 957 807 716 812 Other industries.......................... 101,310 104,413 102,934 101,468 102,738 103,268 103,377 103,561 103,201 Self-employed workers......................... 8,864 8,658 8,878 8,791 8,714 8,665 8,609 8,590 8,799 Unpaid family workers......................... 95 105 99 100 82 71 80 116 105 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 2,948 3,120 2,854 3,283 3,248 3,117 3,071 3,164 3,189 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,689 1,844 1,837 1,922 1,962 1,811 1,846 1,997 2,101 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,031 863 784 1,073 978 1,022 900 855 815 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 19,069 16,052 18,751 18,801 18,409 18,308 18,558 18,709 18,456 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 2,814 3,005 2,724 3,112 3,096 2,967 2,940 3,038 3,021 Slack work or business conditions........... 1,596 1,774 1,747 1,806 1,840 1,713 1,750 1,924 1,983 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,015 843 769 1,063 962 994 881 838 804 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 18,490 15,480 18,147 18,273 17,853 17,743 18,041 18,190 17,879 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 5,825 5,829 5,477 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,385 2,309 2,303 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,230 2,311 2,118 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,210 1,209 1,056 14.6 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4 12.8 Married men, spouse present.................... 965 899 919 2.2 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.1 Married women, spouse present.................. 897 1,002 946 2.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.8 Women who maintain families.................... 567 546 477 6.4 6.5 6.1 5.6 6.0 5.3 Full-time workers.............................. 4,568 4,631 4,386 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.0 3.8 Part-time workers.............................. 1,228 1,194 1,081 5.0 5.3 4.8 5.3 5.0 4.6 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 752 803 739 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.9 1.8 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,407 1,634 1,380 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.0 3.4 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 598 489 540 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.1 3.4 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,242 1,270 1,207 6.4 6.3 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.1 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 190 233 192 5.3 5.5 5.0 5.7 6.4 5.4 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,626 4,503 4,316 4.3 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.0 Goods-producing industries................... 1,356 1,260 1,264 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5 Mining..................................... 40 22 29 6.7 4.2 3.5 5.1 4.6 5.8 Construction............................... 526 531 519 6.9 5.8 5.9 5.9 6.5 6.4 Manufacturing.............................. 790 707 717 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 Durable goods............................ 492 369 374 4.0 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.1 Nondurable goods......................... 298 338 343 3.9 3.7 3.1 4.0 4.3 4.4 Service-producing industries................. 3,270 3,242 3,052 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.8 Transportation and public utilities........ 223 255 274 2.8 3.2 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.3 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,413 1,421 1,299 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.1 4.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 182 194 157 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.0 Services................................... 1,452 1,373 1,321 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.6 Government workers............................. 392 449 390 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.1 2.4 2.0 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 116 190 170 5.7 7.6 7.3 7.0 8.5 7.8 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 2,627 2,513 2,547 2,582 2,531 2,595 2,470 2,594 2,487 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,664 2,031 1,583 1,805 1,953 1,759 1,812 1,846 1,717 15 weeks and over................................ 1,370 1,280 1,194 1,412 1,337 1,242 1,331 1,384 1,226 15 to 26 weeks................................ 672 567 571 708 677 593 654 679 602 27 weeks and over............................. 698 713 623 704 660 649 677 705 624 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 13.1 12.9 12.1 13.0 12.6 12.4 13.3 13.0 11.9 Median duration, in weeks........................ 6.0 6.5 5.2 5.9 5.8 5.8 6.0 6.2 5.2 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 46.4 43.2 47.8 44.5 43.5 46.4 44.0 44.5 45.8 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 29.4 34.9 29.7 31.1 33.5 31.4 32.3 31.7 31.6 15 weeks and over.............................. 24.2 22.0 22.4 24.3 23.0 22.2 23.7 23.8 22.6 15 to 26 weeks............................... 11.9 9.7 10.7 12.2 11.6 10.6 11.7 11.7 11.1 27 weeks and over............................ 12.3 12.2 11.7 12.1 11.3 11.6 12.1 12.1 11.5 NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2,299 2,544 2,258 2,573 2,483 2,450 2,417 2,615 2,511 On temporary layoff............................. 620 843 595 869 894 959 856 940 823 Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,678 1,701 1,662 1,704 1,589 1,491 1,561 1,674 1,688 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,158 1,154 1,104 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 520 546 558 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 871 856 853 758 774 671 799 782 746 Reentrants........................................ 2,028 1,902 1,832 1,967 2,093 2,076 1,961 1,919 1,774 New entrants...................................... 464 522 382 504 500 343 402 514 411 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 40.6 43.7 42.4 44.3 42.4 44.2 43.3 44.8 46.2 On temporary layoff............................ 11.0 14.5 11.2 15.0 15.3 17.3 15.3 16.1 15.1 Not on temporary layoff........................ 29.6 29.2 31.2 29.4 27.2 26.9 28.0 28.7 31.0 Job leavers...................................... 15.4 14.7 16.0 13.1 13.2 12.1 14.3 13.4 13.7 Reentrants....................................... 35.8 32.7 34.4 33.9 35.8 37.5 35.1 32.9 32.6 New entrants..................................... 8.2 9.0 7.2 8.7 8.5 6.2 7.2 8.8 7.5 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 Job leavers...................................... .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .5 Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 New entrants..................................... .3 .4 .3 .4 .4 .2 .3 .4 .3 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 .9 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.3 4.3 4.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 4.9 4.9 4.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 7.0 7.0 6.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex Sept. Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 5,825 5,829 5,477 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.9 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,226 2,128 1,977 10.0 9.8 9.0 9.2 9.4 8.7 16 to 19 years................................ 1,210 1,209 1,056 14.6 12.5 11.6 13.4 14.4 12.8 16 to 17 years.............................. 531 566 519 16.1 16.0 13.1 16.5 17.1 15.7 18 to 19 years.............................. 690 644 554 13.8 10.4 10.6 11.5 12.6 11.2 20 to 24 years................................ 1,016 919 921 7.2 8.2 7.5 6.8 6.4 6.4 25 years and over............................... 3,618 3,700 3,518 3.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.0 25 to 54 years................................ 3,147 3,219 3,009 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.0 55 years and over............................. 461 486 518 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.8 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,013 3,005 2,881 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.8 16 to 24 years................................ 1,163 1,201 1,104 9.9 10.0 9.5 9.6 10.1 9.3 16 to 19 years.............................. 628 695 578 14.6 13.1 14.1 14.0 16.0 13.6 16 to 17 years............................ 283 283 295 16.6 16.9 15.6 17.4 16.9 17.4 18 to 19 years............................ 341 415 279 13.2 10.8 13.3 11.9 15.5 11.0 20 to 24 years.............................. 535 506 527 7.2 8.3 6.8 7.1 6.7 6.9 25 years and over............................. 1,859 1,802 1,778 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,575 1,541 1,518 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.8 55 years and over........................... 292 275 265 2.9 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,812 2,824 2,597 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.0 16 to 24 years................................ 1,063 927 872 10.0 9.5 8.5 8.9 8.6 8.0 16 to 19 years.............................. 582 514 479 14.7 11.8 8.9 12.8 12.6 11.9 16 to 17 years............................ 248 283 225 15.6 15.0 10.4 15.5 17.3 13.9 18 to 19 years............................ 349 229 275 14.5 9.9 7.8 11.0 9.4 11.3 20 to 24 years.............................. 481 413 394 7.2 8.2 8.2 6.5 6.2 5.7 25 years and over............................. 1,759 1,899 1,740 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.2 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,572 1,678 1,491 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.2 55 years and over........................... 169 211 253 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.6 3.1 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. 1999 2000 1999 2000 1999 2000 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 69,048 69,804 25,582 25,980 43,466 43,824 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,196 4,184 1,797 1,863 2,398 2,321 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,172 1,158 578 594 594 564 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 289 250 158 168 131 81 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 883 908 420 425 463 483 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,584 7,471 3,899 3,930 3,685 3,541 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.9 5.6 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,171 4,072 2,430 2,338 1,742 1,734 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,667 1,566 482 527 1,186 1,039 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 279 336 193 239 86 96 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,420 1,447 766 805 654 642 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p Total1........................ 129,614 131,525 131,349 132,086 129,265 131,590 131,647 131,607 131,516 131,768 Total private.................... 109,589 112,008 112,050 111,823 109,042 110,578 110,845 111,001 111,018 111,306 Goods-producing......................... 25,810 26,083 26,113 25,964 25,460 25,684 25,700 25,756 25,643 25,606 Mining................................ 535 547 546 545 527 539 539 538 537 536 Metal mining........................ 44.7 44.1 44.2 43.8 45 44 44 43 44 44 Coal mining......................... 83.2 79.4 80.2 80.7 83 80 79 79 80 81 Oil and gas extraction.............. 291.4 308.7 308.1 308.8 287 305 306 306 304 303 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 115.9 114.5 113.2 111.8 112 110 110 110 109 108 Construction.......................... 6,704 7,036 7,050 6,976 6,439 6,666 6,668 6,670 6,675 6,705 General building contractors........ 1,491.6 1,571.8 1,574.2 1,542.6 1,458 1,497 1,498 1,498 1,504 1,509 Heavy construction, except building. 945.1 955.5 960.9 960.0 866 888 877 881 883 881 Special trade contractors........... 4,266.9 4,508.9 4,514.6 4,473.6 4,115 4,281 4,293 4,291 4,288 4,315 Manufacturing......................... 18,571 18,500 18,517 18,443 18,494 18,479 18,493 18,548 18,431 18,365 Production workers................ 12,775 12,661 12,690 12,662 12,700 12,682 12,683 12,741 12,629 12,592 Durable goods........................ 11,103 11,112 11,100 11,060 11,090 11,106 11,120 11,161 11,086 11,045 Production workers................ 7,592 7,566 7,564 7,557 7,580 7,584 7,593 7,629 7,568 7,543 Lumber and wood products............ 837.6 833.9 829.9 821.8 830 828 827 825 818 814 Furniture and fixtures.............. 550.9 554.1 557.4 556.3 551 558 558 564 557 557 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 571.0 579.1 576.3 572.3 563 566 568 571 566 564 Primary metal industries............ 697.5 693.1 693.7 692.9 697 699 699 698 695 692 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 226.8 226.7 226.6 225.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Fabricated metal products........... 1,518.2 1,527.3 1,535.8 1,531.8 1,518 1,535 1,540 1,539 1,538 1,532 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,127.5 2,132.0 2,123.5 2,118.1 2,133 2,125 2,130 2,137 2,132 2,123 Computer and office equipment..... 369.7 363.1 363.6 361.4 370 360 360 361 363 361 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,671.3 1,713.8 1,717.6 1,713.8 1,670 1,693 1,697 1,719 1,719 1,712 Electronic components and accessories.................... 635.3 672.4 675.5 678.4 636 654 661 670 675 679 Transportation equipment............ 1,879.3 1,838.7 1,819.4 1,809.9 1,880 1,863 1,864 1,863 1,818 1,811 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,027.8 1,006.3 997.7 991.7 1,025 1,026 1,030 1,029 993 989 Aircraft and parts................ 482.2 458.3 455.0 456.5 483 463 460 460 456 457 Instruments and related products.... 851.3 849.3 850.0 846.1 852 845 844 849 848 846 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 398.7 390.9 396.2 396.6 396 394 393 396 395 394 Nondurable goods..................... 7,468 7,388 7,417 7,383 7,404 7,373 7,373 7,387 7,345 7,320 Production workers................ 5,183 5,095 5,126 5,105 5,120 5,098 5,090 5,112 5,061 5,049 Food and kindred products........... 1,727.7 1,703.8 1,728.6 1,718.0 1,673 1,675 1,679 1,680 1,669 1,664 Tobacco products.................... 39.1 33.7 34.1 36.8 38 37 37 37 34 36 Textile mill products............... 553.6 540.5 541.2 540.1 552 545 542 544 541 539 Apparel and other textile products.. 684.1 643.5 646.8 641.5 678 660 652 656 644 635 Paper and allied products........... 666.2 664.0 661.8 657.4 666 661 663 662 660 657 Printing and publishing............. 1,548.4 1,562.3 1,559.9 1,556.7 1,551 1,552 1,558 1,561 1,560 1,560 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,031.3 1,029.7 1,027.1 1,026.2 1,031 1,028 1,028 1,026 1,023 1,026 Petroleum and coal products......... 134.8 134.4 135.5 133.5 133 132 132 131 133 131 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,005.2 1,003.6 1,007.2 999.0 1,005 1,008 1,008 1,014 1,006 998 Leather and leather products........ 77.5 72.7 74.6 73.7 77 75 74 76 75 74 Service-producing1...................... 103,804 105,442 105,236 106,122 103,805 105,906 105,947 105,851 105,873 106,162 Transportation and public utilities... 6,908 6,992 6,924 7,088 6,866 6,962 6,985 7,010 6,941 7,046 Transportation...................... 4,478 4,506 4,521 4,601 4,436 4,501 4,510 4,536 4,548 4,558 Railroad transportation........... 228.2 220.5 221.1 221.7 226 219 217 219 221 220 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 500.9 436.7 438.6 517.5 488 498 493 502 504 505 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,842.0 1,865.2 1,873.3 1,876.7 1,816 1,834 1,834 1,846 1,844 1,850 Water transportation.............. 194.2 211.7 213.4 207.6 189 200 202 199 204 202 Transportation by air............. 1,233.3 1,282.6 1,284.4 1,286.2 1,238 1,269 1,279 1,282 1,288 1,291 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 12.6 12.7 12.6 12.4 13 12 12 13 12 12 Transportation services........... 466.5 476.7 477.5 479.3 466 469 473 475 475 478 Communications and public utilities. 2,430 2,486 2,403 2,487 2,430 2,461 2,475 2,474 2,393 2,488 Communications.................... 1,565.4 1,622.3 1,542.2 1,632.2 1,565 1,606 1,619 1,618 1,538 1,632 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 864.5 863.7 861.2 855.2 865 855 856 856 855 856 Wholesale trade....................... 6,967 7,089 7,089 7,070 6,962 7,048 7,049 7,050 7,062 7,065 Durable goods....................... 4,140 4,223 4,217 4,193 4,143 4,199 4,195 4,205 4,201 4,196 Nondurable goods.................... 2,827 2,866 2,872 2,877 2,819 2,849 2,854 2,845 2,861 2,869 Retail trade.......................... 22,893 23,324 23,347 23,234 22,844 23,064 23,122 23,196 23,188 23,189 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 994.9 1,055.0 1,039.2 1,015.1 994 1,025 1,018 1,018 1,020 1,015 General merchandise stores.......... 2,715.0 2,667.2 2,689.0 2,705.7 2,757 2,744 2,741 2,727 2,738 2,750 Department stores................. 2,375.9 2,321.0 2,342.6 2,359.3 2,414 2,388 2,386 2,373 2,390 2,399 Food stores......................... 3,484.8 3,542.6 3,536.9 3,514.9 3,495 3,516 3,515 3,519 3,522 3,525 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,384.4 2,439.1 2,442.8 2,431.6 2,372 2,408 2,412 2,411 2,417 2,420 New and used car dealers.......... 1,090.3 1,117.4 1,119.2 1,121.6 1,087 1,107 1,110 1,111 1,114 1,118 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,169.0 1,197.5 1,209.2 1,190.9 1,183 1,195 1,197 1,206 1,203 1,205 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,082.6 1,108.6 1,111.3 1,110.9 1,092 1,113 1,118 1,119 1,121 1,120 Eating and drinking places.......... 8,088.1 8,303.3 8,292.3 8,208.3 7,956 8,028 8,071 8,132 8,098 8,077 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,974.5 3,010.4 3,026.1 3,056.5 2,995 3,035 3,050 3,064 3,069 3,077 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,590 7,688 7,685 7,623 7,589 7,600 7,588 7,586 7,606 7,622 Finance............................. 3,692 3,736 3,735 3,717 3,702 3,703 3,705 3,708 3,716 3,727 Depository institutions........... 2,056.6 2,051.7 2,048.5 2,030.1 2,063 2,044 2,042 2,036 2,037 2,036 Commercial banks................ 1,472.0 1,461.3 1,459.8 1,444.3 1,476 1,456 1,454 1,449 1,451 1,449 Savings institutions............ 249.3 241.5 240.4 238.2 250 243 242 240 240 239 Nondepository institutions........ 708.0 685.4 684.1 684.7 711 684 682 683 683 688 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 351.3 321.6 320.3 321.8 353 322 321 321 319 324 Security and commodity brokers.... 697.3 755.9 759.5 758.9 697 736 741 748 752 758 Holding and other investment offices........................ 229.6 242.9 242.6 243.6 231 239 240 241 244 245 Insurance........................... 2,372 2,367 2,365 2,352 2,376 2,361 2,359 2,354 2,357 2,355 Insurance carriers................ 1,607.2 1,594.6 1,592.7 1,581.8 1,610 1,594 1,593 1,585 1,587 1,584 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 765.1 772.2 772.4 769.9 766 767 766 769 770 771 Real estate......................... 1,526 1,585 1,585 1,554 1,511 1,536 1,524 1,524 1,533 1,540 Services3............................. 39,421 40,832 40,892 40,844 39,321 40,220 40,401 40,403 40,578 40,778 Agricultural services............... 811.8 879.6 870.4 842.7 770 790 788 794 799 799 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,915.6 2,084.0 2,074.1 1,983.3 1,863 1,904 1,922 1,925 1,923 1,927 Personal services................... 1,207.4 1,227.3 1,239.0 1,247.0 1,243 1,262 1,271 1,273 1,285 1,284 Business services................... 9,468.3 9,807.0 9,929.4 9,963.9 9,404 9,715 9,773 9,768 9,809 9,925 Services to buildings............. 1,000.8 1,008.5 1,007.2 1,004.6 994 996 997 1,002 997 998 Personnel supply services......... 3,738.4 3,866.8 3,968.2 4,009.5 3,678 3,855 3,873 3,851 3,873 3,907 Help supply services............ 3,354.5 3,451.7 3,541.0 3,574.1 3,298 3,440 3,444 3,433 3,444 3,513 Computer and data processing services....................... 1,859.8 1,948.9 1,956.0 1,952.1 1,866 1,929 1,933 1,950 1,954 1,958 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,187.7 1,201.4 1,203.6 1,201.5 1,186 1,192 1,191 1,194 1,198 1,200 Miscellaneous repair services....... 376.7 387.6 387.6 385.8 377 383 384 384 385 386 Motion pictures..................... 611.4 645.4 649.4 625.8 619 632 635 634 635 634 Amusement and recreation services... 1,760.1 2,122.8 2,093.0 1,887.7 1,672 1,755 1,789 1,795 1,808 1,793 Health services..................... 10004.5 10167.0 10173.6 10172.1 10,015 10,104 10,116 10,143 10,157 10,183 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,885.5 1,936.3 1,941.1 1,942.5 1,888 1,928 1,928 1,930 1,933 1,945 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,787.2 1,792.4 1,797.2 1,795.1 1,785 1,788 1,786 1,787 1,792 1,793 Hospitals......................... 3,984.8 4,030.4 4,026.8 4,030.4 3,989 4,005 4,008 4,018 4,020 4,034 Home health care services......... 634.5 644.2 643.2 641.4 635 641 642 645 645 642 Legal services...................... 995.1 1,028.3 1,019.4 1,008.2 1,000 1,006 1,009 1,012 1,014 1,013 Educational services................ 2,240.6 2,076.2 2,055.1 2,331.7 2,294 2,356 2,374 2,374 2,389 2,388 Social services..................... 2,825.7 2,903.8 2,920.2 2,984.3 2,823 2,946 2,945 2,919 2,960 2,995 Child day care services........... 709.8 698.4 711.3 774.7 701 758 760 768 776 765 Residential care.................. 782.0 831.9 832.5 830.0 785 816 820 826 828 833 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 98.5 111.7 110.1 103.2 98 101 103 103 103 102 Membership organizations............ 2,407.7 2,501.4 2,473.0 2,427.3 2,430 2,438 2,441 2,429 2,433 2,450 Engineering and management services. 3,266.1 3,442.4 3,449.1 3,435.3 3,283 3,390 3,415 3,411 3,435 3,454 Engineering and architectural services....................... 958.4 1,023.0 1,025.3 1,015.3 956 995 1,005 1,007 1,010 1,013 Management and public relations... 1,047.7 1,117.1 1,122.6 1,124.6 1,044 1,096 1,110 1,107 1,116 1,121 Services, nec....................... 51.6 54.2 52.7 52.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Government1........................... 20,025 19,517 19,299 20,263 20,223 21,012 20,802 20,606 20,498 20,462 Federal1............................ 2,647 2,837 2,659 2,614 2,655 3,238 3,092 2,819 2,657 2,624 Federal, except Postal Service1... 1,784.4 1,980.0 1,802.1 1,759.2 1,785 2,374 2,230 1,954 1,790 1,761 State............................... 4,687 4,497 4,504 4,741 4,714 4,737 4,716 4,744 4,763 4,767 Education......................... 1,941.7 1,700.3 1,706.4 1,961.4 1,978 1,983 1,967 1,994 2,000 1,997 Other State government............ 2,745.4 2,796.8 2,797.4 2,779.5 2,736 2,754 2,749 2,750 2,763 2,770 Local............................... 12,691 12,183 12,136 12,908 12,854 13,037 12,994 13,043 13,078 13,071 Education......................... 7,149.5 6,220.0 6,229.6 7,241.1 7,299 7,395 7,361 7,394 7,400 7,390 Other local government............ 5,541.8 5,963.0 5,906.0 5,666.4 5,555 5,642 5,633 5,649 5,678 5,681 1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000. Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, 33,000, and 6,000 in January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, and September 2000 respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p Total private.................... 34.3 34.9 34.7 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.5 34.4 34.3 34.4 Goods-producing......................... 40.9 40.9 41.1 41.3 41.2 40.9 40.9 41.1 40.8 40.5 Mining................................ 44.3 45.3 45.0 45.4 44.3 44.1 44.7 45.3 44.6 44.7 Construction.......................... 38.6 40.3 40.2 40.0 39.3 39.2 38.7 39.3 39.2 38.5 Manufacturing......................... 41.7 41.1 41.4 41.7 41.8 41.4 41.6 41.7 41.3 41.2 Overtime hours.................... 4.9 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.4 Durable goods........................ 42.1 41.6 41.9 42.2 42.4 42.0 42.2 42.4 41.9 41.7 Overtime hours.................... 4.9 4.4 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 Lumber and wood products............ 40.9 40.7 40.8 40.7 41.1 40.7 40.8 41.1 40.3 40.2 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.3 39.2 39.8 40.1 40.4 40.3 39.9 39.7 39.4 39.2 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 44.0 43.8 43.8 43.9 43.5 43.0 42.9 43.7 43.2 43.1 Primary metal industries............ 44.3 43.5 43.4 43.8 44.5 43.8 43.9 44.3 43.6 43.6 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 44.9 44.9 44.1 44.0 45.0 44.7 45.0 45.2 44.2 44.1 Fabricated metal products........... 41.9 41.7 42.0 42.4 42.3 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.0 41.9 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 41.7 41.9 41.9 42.1 42.4 42.2 42.5 42.6 42.1 41.8 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 41.3 41.1 41.1 41.5 41.6 41.3 41.4 41.9 41.1 41.1 Transportation equipment............ 43.9 41.9 43.1 43.5 44.0 43.2 44.0 43.9 43.4 42.7 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 45.4 42.0 44.1 44.4 45.4 44.2 45.3 44.5 44.6 43.3 Instruments and related products.... 41.1 41.0 41.0 41.3 41.5 41.2 41.3 41.6 41.1 41.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.7 38.9 39.6 39.9 39.9 39.3 39.4 39.7 39.5 39.4 Nondurable goods..................... 41.0 40.4 40.6 41.0 41.0 40.6 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.5 Overtime hours.................... 4.8 4.3 4.4 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 Food and kindred products........... 42.1 41.2 41.7 42.2 41.7 41.2 41.5 41.2 41.5 41.4 Tobacco products.................... 39.9 39.5 40.2 41.5 40.2 39.6 39.4 40.5 39.9 40.6 Textile mill products............... 40.7 40.5 41.0 41.0 40.9 41.1 41.1 41.2 40.8 40.7 Apparel and other textile products.. 36.8 36.8 37.0 36.9 37.4 37.1 37.0 37.3 36.9 36.7 Paper and allied products........... 43.7 42.2 42.1 42.7 43.4 42.8 42.8 42.4 42.4 42.4 Printing and publishing............. 38.6 37.8 38.0 38.4 38.3 38.0 38.2 38.1 37.9 37.9 Chemicals and allied products....... 43.3 42.9 42.9 43.1 43.2 42.7 42.9 43.4 43.0 42.9 Petroleum and coal products......... 43.2 45.0 44.1 44.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 41.6 40.7 41.0 41.4 41.8 41.3 41.4 41.4 41.2 41.1 Leather and leather products........ 37.4 36.3 37.9 37.9 37.5 38.2 37.8 37.1 37.2 37.3 Service-producing....................... 32.6 33.4 33.1 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.9 32.7 32.7 32.8 Transportation and public utilities... 38.5 39.2 38.9 38.9 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.8 38.4 38.7 Wholesale trade....................... 38.2 38.8 38.3 38.4 38.4 38.6 38.6 38.5 38.3 38.5 Retail trade.......................... 28.8 29.8 29.5 28.8 28.8 28.8 29.0 28.8 28.8 28.8 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.1 36.7 36.1 36.1 36.4 36.2 36.5 36.3 36.2 36.4 Services.............................. 32.3 33.0 32.9 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.5 32.6 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000p 2000p Total private.................... $13.38 $13.68 $13.67 $13.88 $458.93 $477.43 $474.35 $477.47 Seasonally adjusted............. 13.35 13.75 13.80 13.83 460.58 473.00 473.34 475.75 Goods-producing......................... 15.08 15.48 15.50 15.62 616.77 633.13 637.05 645.11 Mining................................ 17.13 17.13 16.94 17.19 758.86 775.99 762.30 780.43 Construction.......................... 17.46 17.95 18.05 18.19 673.96 723.39 725.61 727.60 Manufacturing......................... 14.11 14.37 14.38 14.51 588.39 590.61 595.33 605.07 Durable goods........................ 14.62 14.86 14.94 15.06 615.50 618.18 625.99 635.53 Lumber and wood products............ 11.56 11.87 11.83 11.90 472.80 483.11 482.66 484.33 Furniture and fixtures.............. 11.33 11.80 11.82 11.89 456.60 462.56 470.44 476.79 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 14.10 14.42 14.41 14.54 620.40 631.60 631.16 638.31 Primary metal industries............ 16.18 16.68 16.55 16.67 716.77 725.58 718.27 730.15 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 18.99 19.78 19.49 19.63 852.65 888.12 859.51 863.72 Fabricated metal products........... 13.64 13.82 13.90 14.03 571.52 576.29 583.80 594.87 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 15.24 15.61 15.66 15.74 635.51 654.06 656.15 662.65 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 13.64 13.79 13.79 13.88 563.33 566.77 566.77 576.02 Transportation equipment............ 18.50 18.66 19.04 19.25 812.15 781.85 820.62 837.38 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 18.96 19.07 19.61 19.78 860.78 800.94 864.80 878.23 Instruments and related products.... 14.29 14.65 14.63 14.72 587.32 600.65 599.83 607.94 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11.43 11.65 11.62 11.73 453.77 453.19 460.15 468.03 Nondurable goods..................... 13.33 13.61 13.53 13.67 546.53 549.84 549.32 560.47 Food and kindred products........... 12.18 12.46 12.40 12.55 512.78 513.35 517.08 529.61 Tobacco products.................... 18.90 21.08 20.92 19.15 754.11 832.66 840.98 794.73 Textile mill products............... 10.78 10.97 10.98 11.08 438.75 444.29 450.18 454.28 Apparel and other textile products.. 9.01 9.06 9.08 9.19 331.57 333.41 335.96 339.11 Paper and allied products........... 16.24 16.29 16.18 16.31 709.69 687.44 681.18 696.44 Printing and publishing............. 13.98 14.29 14.29 14.47 539.63 540.16 543.02 555.65 Chemicals and allied products....... 17.67 18.17 18.00 18.12 765.11 779.49 772.20 780.97 Petroleum and coal products......... 21.55 21.24 21.01 21.39 930.96 955.80 926.54 956.13 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 12.51 12.84 12.81 12.90 520.42 522.59 525.21 534.06 Leather and leather products........ 9.95 10.08 10.15 10.26 372.13 365.90 384.69 388.85 Service-producing....................... 12.82 13.12 13.10 13.33 417.93 438.21 433.61 435.89 Transportation and public utilities... 15.80 16.19 16.22 16.28 608.30 634.65 630.96 633.29 Wholesale trade....................... 14.68 15.25 15.16 15.35 560.78 591.70 580.63 589.44 Retail trade.......................... 9.19 9.38 9.41 9.57 264.67 279.52 277.60 275.62 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.64 15.01 14.99 15.11 528.50 550.87 541.14 545.47 Services.............................. 13.45 13.74 13.70 13.96 434.44 453.42 450.73 453.70 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. change Industry 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p from: Aug. 2000- Sept. 2000 Total private: Current dollars.............. $13.35 $13.66 $13.70 $13.75 $13.80 $13.83 0.2 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.86 7.87 7.85 7.86 7.90 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 14.96 15.29 15.34 15.40 15.46 15.47 .1 Mining...................... 17.14 17.25 17.24 17.23 17.05 17.19 .8 Construction................ 17.26 17.75 17.77 17.90 17.94 17.98 .2 Manufacturing............... 14.04 14.27 14.36 14.39 14.44 14.44 .0 Excluding overtime4....... 13.29 13.53 13.60 13.64 13.69 13.74 .4 Service-producing............. 12.83 13.15 13.19 13.23 13.28 13.33 .4 Transportation and public utilities................ 15.79 16.22 16.28 16.17 16.26 16.27 .1 Wholesale trade............. 14.70 15.02 15.16 15.22 15.23 15.37 .9 Retail trade................ 9.16 9.39 9.43 9.45 9.50 9.54 .4 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 14.71 15.01 15.05 15.03 15.12 15.18 .4 Services.................... 13.46 13.79 13.82 13.89 13.94 13.97 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. The data in this series have been revised from January 2000 through August 2000 due to corrections in the CPI-W. 3 Change was .5 percent from July 2000 to August 2000, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. July Aug. Sept. Sept. May June July Aug. Sept. 1999 2000 2000p 2000p 1999 2000 2000 2000 2000p 2000p Total private.................... 148.6 155.0 154.2 152.6 148.6 150.5 151.3 151.4 151.0 151.4 Goods-producing......................... 117.3 118.5 119.3 119.1 116.0 116.3 116.3 117.4 115.7 114.8 Mining................................ 51.2 52.7 52.2 52.5 50.2 50.7 51.4 51.9 50.6 50.6 Construction.......................... 183.3 201.0 201.1 197.6 177.5 183.6 181.4 184.1 183.3 181.2 Manufacturing......................... 107.3 104.9 105.9 106.4 107.1 106.0 106.4 107.2 105.3 104.6 Durable goods........................ 111.5 109.7 110.5 111.1 112.1 111.2 111.8 113.0 110.5 109.6 Lumber and wood products............ 148.5 147.1 146.7 144.7 147.8 146.1 145.8 146.7 142.6 141.3 Furniture and fixtures.............. 139.1 135.4 138.4 139.3 139.4 140.9 139.5 140.1 137.2 136.2 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 118.7 119.3 118.8 118.5 115.4 114.6 114.1 117.3 114.9 114.1 Primary metal industries............ 91.4 89.3 89.4 90.2 91.9 91.0 91.0 91.9 90.1 89.7 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 71.1 71.1 70.2 69.5 71.5 70.6 70.7 71.4 70.2 69.7 Fabricated metal products........... 118.4 118.7 120.3 121.3 119.6 121.2 121.9 123.3 120.7 119.9 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 102.7 104.1 103.8 104.4 104.9 104.5 105.7 106.5 105.3 103.9 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 106.9 107.4 107.9 109.3 107.5 107.1 107.8 110.4 108.3 108.0 Transportation equipment............ 127.2 117.8 119.8 121.1 127.5 123.6 125.9 125.7 120.6 119.1 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 172.2 153.6 159.9 161.5 172.0 166.4 171.2 167.7 161.7 157.6 Instruments and related products.... 75.2 73.8 74.1 74.2 76.1 74.0 74.3 75.2 74.3 74.3 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 103.6 97.5 100.7 101.6 102.9 100.2 100.1 100.9 100.4 99.4 Nondurable goods..................... 101.6 98.2 99.5 100.0 100.2 98.9 99.0 99.4 98.1 97.7 Food and kindred products........... 123.7 118.5 122.4 123.2 117.4 116.3 117.3 117.1 116.2 115.9 Tobacco products.................... 55.5 43.2 44.4 52.3 53.7 49.0 48.8 50.2 43.5 50.3 Textile mill products............... 79.3 77.0 77.9 77.9 79.5 78.7 78.6 78.9 77.6 77.1 Apparel and other textile products.. 58.7 55.2 55.8 55.1 59.1 57.2 56.1 57.3 55.5 54.3 Paper and allied products........... 107.7 103.7 103.2 104.1 106.9 104.8 105.2 103.8 103.6 103.4 Printing and publishing............. 122.6 121.6 122.3 123.1 121.8 121.7 122.4 122.7 122.0 122.0 Chemicals and allied products....... 103.4 101.9 101.3 102.2 103.3 102.1 102.0 103.2 101.6 101.8 Petroleum and coal products......... 73.5 66.5 64.8 65.2 71.3 64.0 62.9 64.6 63.0 62.2 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 147.0 143.4 145.5 145.9 147.7 146.8 147.6 148.5 146.1 144.8 Leather and leather products........ 33.2 29.6 32.0 31.5 32.8 32.3 31.9 31.9 31.4 30.9 Service-producing....................... 162.6 171.3 169.9 167.6 163.2 165.9 167.0 166.6 166.8 167.8 Transportation and public utilities... 134.9 139.5 136.9 140.3 134.3 136.1 136.4 138.7 135.8 138.9 Wholesale trade....................... 130.4 134.7 133.0 132.8 130.8 133.1 133.0 132.6 132.2 132.8 Retail trade.......................... 142.9 150.8 149.4 144.7 142.5 143.9 145.3 144.7 144.6 144.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 138.1 143.1 140.5 139.0 139.6 138.7 139.8 139.2 139.2 140.4 Services.............................. 201.4 214.2 213.4 210.5 202.9 207.9 209.5 208.4 210.0 211.2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 50.4 64.5 60.3 54.8 62.6 61.5 57.3 61.0 57.9 62.6 59.3 60.0 1997.............. 57.3 59.7 62.8 63.2 57.7 57.7 61.2 60.1 61.5 65.3 62.1 61.2 1998.............. 63.2 56.6 60.5 58.7 58.3 59.7 53.9 58.1 56.2 53.8 59.0 57.4 1999.............. 54.1 58.8 53.9 59.6 52.8 57.9 58.8 53.8 57.3 60.7 60.8 59.0 2000.............. 60.8 54.1 60.7 56.5 45.9 56.2 58.7 p50.8 p52.4 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 61.1 62.6 63.6 63.1 63.3 64.9 64.2 61.4 65.2 64.3 65.4 63.3 1997.............. 62.6 64.0 66.3 66.7 63.2 62.1 61.5 66.2 67.4 69.4 69.0 69.1 1998.............. 64.3 66.6 63.2 66.3 63.6 58.0 57.4 57.9 59.7 58.1 58.6 59.4 1999.............. 58.3 57.3 58.4 54.4 57.3 58.8 58.1 60.7 59.6 63.5 64.3 63.1 2000.............. 61.0 62.6 61.9 57.4 56.7 58.3 p56.9 p54.8 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 62.5 64.6 65.6 64.6 64.5 64.5 67.3 65.7 65.2 67.1 66.0 67.4 1997.............. 66.3 67.0 66.6 66.3 65.6 67.1 66.3 68.5 69.0 70.4 69.7 70.4 1998.............. 69.8 67.4 65.2 61.8 62.9 61.4 59.0 58.4 57.4 59.7 59.3 59.1 1999.............. 60.0 58.0 57.6 58.6 54.4 59.7 60.4 62.1 64.0 62.8 65.2 64.6 2000.............. 65.6 60.8 61.0 61.9 p59.1 p54.8 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9 1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 70.1 69.4 70.4 1998.............. 69.7 67.3 67.3 65.9 63.9 62.5 61.5 62.1 61.0 59.8 59.8 58.1 1999.............. 60.3 58.3 57.6 59.4 59.6 60.5 61.9 61.0 62.6 62.9 62.5 63.2 2000.............. 64.9 p63.5 p60.1 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 44.6 54.7 48.2 42.1 55.4 52.2 47.8 54.3 50.0 56.1 50.4 53.2 1997.............. 49.6 52.5 56.1 54.0 51.4 54.3 50.7 53.6 56.5 61.9 60.4 55.4 1998.............. 57.9 50.7 53.6 50.7 47.1 50.0 37.8 50.0 45.7 39.9 41.7 43.9 1999.............. 45.0 41.0 42.8 46.4 40.3 46.4 54.7 38.1 46.4 51.8 51.4 50.4 2000.............. 52.2 47.8 51.1 51.1 45.7 51.1 57.6 p37.4 p37.4 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 44.2 47.8 44.6 45.7 47.1 51.4 50.4 49.6 55.4 53.2 55.0 49.6 1997.............. 50.7 53.2 55.8 56.1 53.2 52.5 52.5 55.8 59.7 66.5 64.7 64.0 1998.............. 56.8 56.8 52.2 52.2 48.6 41.4 39.2 40.3 43.2 37.1 36.7 40.6 1999.............. 36.7 37.1 37.1 34.5 37.8 43.5 39.9 45.0 42.1 50.4 51.1 50.7 2000.............. 47.8 52.5 49.3 48.9 49.6 53.6 p44.6 p34.2 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 41.7 45.0 46.8 46.0 45.3 47.8 53.2 50.4 50.7 53.2 51.8 54.7 1997.............. 53.2 53.2 52.5 52.9 51.8 53.2 54.7 61.2 61.2 64.4 64.7 63.7 1998.............. 60.1 54.3 50.4 39.9 43.5 42.1 38.8 36.7 36.0 39.9 34.5 32.7 1999.............. 35.6 33.5 33.5 37.1 32.7 38.8 41.0 45.7 48.2 43.2 48.6 51.1 2000.............. 51.4 47.5 50.4 53.6 p45.3 p34.9 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7 1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.8 56.8 57.2 1998.............. 55.0 51.8 51.8 46.8 40.6 39.9 37.8 38.1 37.1 36.0 34.2 33.5 1999.............. 37.4 32.4 31.7 35.3 36.0 37.1 38.8 39.6 42.4 42.4 42.4 46.0 2000.............. 47.8 p44.2 p36.3 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.