Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 99-182 Household data: (202) 606-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 606-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, July 2, 1999. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JUNE 1999 Payroll employment rose in June, and the unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 4.3 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 268,000. Employment increased in construction and throughout the service-producing sector, but job losses continued in manufacturing and mining. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons, 6.0 million, and the unemployment rate, 4.3 percent, were essentially unchanged in June. The jobless rate has been below 4.5 percent since November 1998. Unemployment rates for the major demographic groups--adult men (3.6 percent), adult women (3.9 percent), teenagers (13.5 percent), whites (3.8 percent), blacks (7.3 percent), and Hispanics (6.8 percent)--remained the same or were virtually unchanged in June. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) The number of unemployed persons who were new entrants to the labor force--that is, they were looking for their first jobs--declined in June to 349,000. (See table A-7.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The civilian labor force rose over the month to 139.4 million, seasonally adjusted, while the civilian labor force participation rate was essentially unchanged at 67.1 percent. Both total employment, at 133.4 million, and the employment-population ratio, at 64.3 percent, were little changed in June. (See table A-1.) About 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in June. These multiple jobholders represented 5.6 percent of the total employed, compared to 5.8 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in June. These were people who wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them--was 220,000 in June, down from 311,000 a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 268,000 in June, to 128.4 million, seasonally adjusted. In comparison, monthly job gains averaged 189,000 during the first 5 months of this year and 244,000 in 1998. - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| May- Category | | | June | 1999 | 1999 |change |_________________|__________________________| | I | II | Apr. | May | June | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 139,144| 139,173| 139,091| 139,019| 139,408| 389 Employment..........| 133,191| 133,242| 133,069| 133,224| 133,432| 208 Unemployment........| 5,953| 5,931| 6,022| 5,795| 5,975| 180 Not in labor force....| 67,732| 68,259| 68,145| 68,408| 68,225| -183 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.3| 4.3| 4.3| 4.2| 4.3| 0.1 Adult men...........| 3.4| 3.5| 3.4| 3.6| 3.6| .0 Adult women.........| 3.8| 3.9| 4.1| 3.6| 3.9| .3 Teenagers...........| 14.6| 13.4| 14.1| 12.6| 13.5| .9 White...............| 3.7| 3.8| 3.8| 3.7| 3.8| .1 Black...............| 8.0| 7.5| 7.7| 7.5| 7.3| -.2 Hispanic origin.....| 6.4| 6.8| 6.9| 6.7| 6.8| .1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 127,640|p128,220| 128,134|p128,129|p128,397| p268 Goods-producing 1/..| 25,310| p25,223| 25,288| p25,196| p25,184| p-12 Construction......| 6,213| p6,260| 6,277| p6,238| p6,264| p26 Manufacturing.....| 18,542| p18,431| 18,473| p18,427| p18,392| p-35 Service-producing 1/| 102,331|p102,997| 102,846|p102,933|p103,213| p280 Retail trade......| 22,605| p22,751| 22,724| p22,740| p22,789| p49 Services..........| 38,442| p38,793| 38,697| p38,766| p38,917| p151 Government........| 20,044| p20,091| 20,099| p20,078| p20,096| p18 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.6| p34.4| 34.4| p34.4| p34.5| p0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.6| p41.7| 41.6| p41.7| p41.7| p.0 Overtime..........| 4.5| p4.5| 4.3| p4.6| p4.7| p.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 147.0| p147.2| 147.0| p147.1| p147.6| p0.5 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.07| p$13.18| $13.14| p$13.18| p$13.23|p$0.05 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 451.79| p453.95| 452.02| p453.39| p456.44| p3.05 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 - In June, job gains occurred in all major industry groups except mining and manufacturing, where employment continued to decline. (See table B-1.) Employment in the services industry grew by 151,000 in June, well above the average monthly gain for the previous 12 months (119,000). In June, growth was widespread among the component industries. Business services added 43,000 jobs. Within that industry, computer services continued on a strong growth trend, adding 15,000 jobs, and employment in help supply services rose by 19,000. Notable employment increases also occurred in amusement and recreation services (20,000), engineering and management services (18,000), motion pictures (11,000), hotels (9,000), and membership organizations (5,000). Employment in health services continued its recent trend of slow growth, adding 8,000 jobs. Retail trade added 49,000 jobs in June, bringing the total growth for the first half of 1999 to 264,000. Eating and drinking places accounted for the largest part of June's gain, with an increase of 32,000 jobs. Employment in building materials and garden supplies also rose in June, following a decline in the previous month. Job growth continued in furniture stores and car dealers. In contrast, employment declined in food stores for the second consecutive month. In wholesale trade, employment growth continued in durable goods distribution. Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 29,000 in June. Much of this rise was in transportation, particularly in local and interurban passenger transit and in trucking and warehousing. Finance added 13,000 jobs in June. An increase in commercial bank employment (4,000) followed 3 months of small declines. Employment also rose in security brokerages and in holding and other investment offices. For the first time in over 2 years, however, mortgage banks and brokerages did not add workers. Real estate employment increased by 7,000 in June. The insurance industry added 4,000 jobs, about its average for the first 5 months of this year. In the goods-producing sector, construction added 26,000 jobs in June, following a loss of slightly larger magnitude in May. June's job gain was in line with the average monthly increase for the prior 12 months. Over the month, special trades contracting added 16,000 jobs, with gains concentrated in plumbing, electrical work, and roofing. Job losses continued in manufacturing (-35,000) and now total nearly a half million since employment in this industry last peaked in March 1998. Declines were widespread in June. Large job losses continued in aircraft and parts; employment in this industry has fallen by 26,000 so far this year. After 3 months with little change, electrical equipment lost 4,000 jobs in June. Job losses continued in apparel, textiles, food products, fabricated metals, instruments, and paper products. Mining employment continued to decline in June; however, the loss (-3,000) was much less than the average monthly decline (-8,000) for the first 5 months of this year. Job losses in oil and gas extraction moderated in June; this industry has accounted for most of the recent decline in mining employment. Over the month, employment declines continued in coal mining, which has lost 5,000 jobs thus far in 1999, 6 percent of its employment. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up 0.1 hour in June to 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was unchanged at 41.7 hours; factory overtime was up 0.1 hour to 4.7 hours. (See table B-2.) - 4 - The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.3 percent to 147.6 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index declined by 0.5 percent to 106.1 in June. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents in June to $13.23, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent in June, to $456.44, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.7 percent and average weekly earnings increased by 3.4 percent. (See table B-3.) ________________________________________ The Employment Situation for July 1999 is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1999, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age- sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 - period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 - monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $17.00 per issue or $35.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 205,085 207,427 207,632 205,085 206,873 207,036 207,236 207,427 207,632 Civilian labor force............................ 138,798 138,919 140,666 137,498 139,271 138,816 139,091 139,019 139,408 Participation rate........................ 67.7 67.0 67.7 67.0 67.3 67.0 67.1 67.0 67.1 Employed...................................... 132,265 133,411 134,395 131,253 133,144 133,033 133,069 133,224 133,432 Employment-population ratio............... 64.5 64.3 64.7 64.0 64.4 64.3 64.2 64.2 64.3 Agriculture................................. 3,718 3,489 3,691 3,363 3,328 3,281 3,384 3,295 3,354 Nonagricultural industries.................. 128,546 129,923 130,704 127,890 129,817 129,752 129,685 129,929 130,078 Unemployed.................................... 6,534 5,507 6,271 6,245 6,127 5,783 6,022 5,795 5,975 Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 Not in labor force.............................. 66,287 68,508 66,966 67,587 67,602 68,220 68,145 68,408 68,225 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 98,691 99,563 99,668 98,691 99,279 99,362 99,465 99,563 99,668 Civilian labor force............................ 74,945 74,376 75,472 73,866 74,504 74,234 74,234 74,316 74,420 Participation rate........................ 75.9 74.7 75.7 74.8 75.0 74.7 74.6 74.6 74.7 Employed...................................... 71,618 71,470 72,312 70,592 71,276 71,352 71,225 71,198 71,321 Employment-population ratio............... 72.6 71.8 72.6 71.5 71.8 71.8 71.6 71.5 71.6 Unemployed.................................... 3,326 2,906 3,159 3,274 3,228 2,881 3,010 3,118 3,099 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 3.9 4.2 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 90,700 91,368 91,487 90,700 91,189 91,215 91,302 91,368 91,487 Civilian labor force............................ 69,968 70,069 70,486 69,590 70,174 69,951 69,991 69,932 70,127 Participation rate........................ 77.1 76.7 77.0 76.7 77.0 76.7 76.7 76.5 76.7 Employed...................................... 67,531 67,738 68,144 66,994 67,577 67,713 67,608 67,399 67,633 Employment-population ratio............... 74.5 74.1 74.5 73.9 74.1 74.2 74.0 73.8 73.9 Agriculture................................. 2,527 2,356 2,432 2,337 2,212 2,222 2,353 2,212 2,248 Nonagricultural industries.................. 65,004 65,382 65,712 64,657 65,365 65,492 65,255 65,186 65,385 Unemployed.................................... 2,437 2,331 2,342 2,596 2,598 2,238 2,383 2,534 2,494 Unemployment rate......................... 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,394 107,864 107,964 106,394 107,593 107,674 107,771 107,864 107,964 Civilian labor force............................ 63,854 64,543 65,195 63,632 64,767 64,582 64,857 64,704 64,988 Participation rate........................ 60.0 59.8 60.4 59.8 60.2 60.0 60.2 60.0 60.2 Employed...................................... 60,646 61,941 62,083 60,661 61,869 61,680 61,845 62,026 62,112 Employment-population ratio............... 57.0 57.4 57.5 57.0 57.5 57.3 57.4 57.5 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 3,207 2,602 3,112 2,971 2,899 2,902 3,012 2,677 2,876 Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 4.0 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 98,735 100,008 100,131 98,735 99,746 99,833 99,923 100,008 100,131 Civilian labor force............................ 59,277 60,609 60,748 59,613 60,622 60,533 60,788 60,729 61,092 Participation rate........................ 60.0 60.6 60.7 60.4 60.8 60.6 60.8 60.7 61.0 Employed...................................... 56,828 58,524 58,351 57,190 58,291 58,183 58,320 58,520 58,719 Employment-population ratio............... 57.6 58.5 58.3 57.9 58.4 58.3 58.4 58.5 58.6 Agriculture................................. 799 835 907 763 839 834 801 831 869 Nonagricultural industries.................. 56,030 57,689 57,445 56,427 57,452 57,349 57,519 57,689 57,849 Unemployed.................................... 2,449 2,086 2,397 2,423 2,330 2,350 2,468 2,209 2,373 Unemployment rate......................... 4.1 3.4 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. 15,651 16,051 16,014 15,651 15,939 15,988 16,011 16,051 16,014 Civilian labor force............................ 9,553 8,240 9,432 8,295 8,475 8,331 8,312 8,358 8,189 Participation rate........................ 61.0 51.3 58.9 53.0 53.2 52.1 51.9 52.1 51.1 Employed...................................... 7,905 7,150 7,900 7,069 7,276 7,136 7,141 7,306 7,081 Employment-population ratio............... 50.5 44.5 49.3 45.2 45.7 44.6 44.6 45.5 44.2 Agriculture................................. 392 297 353 263 277 224 230 252 237 Nonagricultural industries.................. 7,513 6,852 7,547 6,806 6,999 6,912 6,911 7,054 6,843 Unemployed.................................... 1,648 1,091 1,532 1,226 1,199 1,195 1,171 1,052 1,108 Unemployment rate......................... 17.2 13.2 16.2 14.8 14.1 14.3 14.1 12.6 13.5 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 171,387 172,859 172,999 171,387 172,491 172,597 172,730 172,859 172,999 Civilian labor force............................ 116,297 116,198 117,655 115,208 116,610 116,284 116,370 116,254 116,578 Participation rate.......................... 67.9 67.2 68.0 67.2 67.6 67.4 67.4 67.3 67.4 Employed...................................... 111,576 112,160 113,011 110,638 112,189 112,144 111,917 111,985 112,092 Employment-population ratio................. 65.1 64.9 65.3 64.6 65.0 65.0 64.8 64.8 64.8 Unemployed.................................... 4,721 4,038 4,644 4,570 4,420 4,140 4,454 4,269 4,486 Unemployment rate........................... 4.1 3.5 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.8 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 59,618 59,635 60,025 59,298 59,799 59,698 59,664 59,500 59,711 Participation rate.......................... 77.5 77.1 77.6 77.1 77.5 77.3 77.2 77.0 77.2 Employed...................................... 57,817 57,904 58,246 57,348 57,830 58,010 57,874 57,615 57,784 Employment-population ratio................. 75.2 74.9 75.3 74.6 75.0 75.1 74.9 74.5 74.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,801 1,732 1,779 1,950 1,969 1,688 1,790 1,884 1,927 Unemployment rate........................... 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 48,665 49,549 49,661 48,930 49,721 49,602 49,672 49,669 49,933 Participation rate.......................... 59.3 59.8 59.9 59.6 60.1 59.9 60.0 60.0 60.2 Employed...................................... 46,961 48,067 47,926 47,244 48,109 47,983 47,862 48,067 48,215 Employment-population ratio................. 57.2 58.0 57.8 57.6 58.2 58.0 57.8 58.0 58.2 Unemployed.................................... 1,704 1,482 1,735 1,686 1,612 1,620 1,811 1,602 1,718 Unemployment rate........................... 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 8,014 7,014 7,969 6,980 7,090 6,984 7,034 7,085 6,934 Participation rate.......................... 64.4 55.3 62.7 56.1 56.1 55.2 55.5 55.8 54.6 Employed...................................... 6,797 6,189 6,839 6,046 6,250 6,151 6,181 6,302 6,093 Employment-population ratio................. 54.6 48.8 53.8 48.6 49.5 48.6 48.8 49.7 48.0 Unemployed.................................... 1,217 825 1,129 934 840 833 853 783 840 Unemployment rate........................... 15.2 11.8 14.2 13.4 11.8 11.9 12.1 11.0 12.1 Men....................................... 16.0 12.1 13.8 14.4 12.2 12.7 12.6 11.9 11.8 Women..................................... 14.3 11.4 14.6 12.3 11.4 11.1 11.6 10.1 12.5 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 24,349 24,798 24,833 24,349 24,697 24,729 24,765 24,798 24,833 Civilian labor force............................ 16,182 16,248 16,462 16,025 16,242 16,212 16,286 16,303 16,300 Participation rate.......................... 66.5 65.5 66.3 65.8 65.8 65.6 65.8 65.7 65.6 Employed...................................... 14,709 15,058 15,156 14,662 14,900 14,904 15,029 15,079 15,103 Employment-population ratio................. 60.4 60.7 61.0 60.2 60.3 60.3 60.7 60.8 60.8 Unemployed.................................... 1,473 1,190 1,306 1,363 1,342 1,308 1,257 1,224 1,197 Unemployment rate........................... 9.1 7.3 7.9 8.5 8.3 8.1 7.7 7.5 7.3 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,105 7,209 7,188 7,080 7,160 7,065 7,118 7,206 7,152 Participation rate.......................... 73.1 72.8 72.5 72.9 72.7 71.6 72.0 72.8 72.1 Employed...................................... 6,619 6,754 6,766 6,574 6,682 6,656 6,681 6,727 6,712 Employment-population ratio................. 68.1 68.2 68.2 67.7 67.8 67.4 67.6 68.0 67.7 Unemployed.................................... 486 455 422 506 477 409 437 479 440 Unemployment rate........................... 6.8 6.3 5.9 7.1 6.7 5.8 6.1 6.6 6.1 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,841 8,144 8,183 7,870 8,082 8,129 8,241 8,177 8,214 Participation rate.......................... 64.3 65.6 65.8 64.6 65.3 65.6 66.4 65.8 66.0 Employed...................................... 7,220 7,631 7,632 7,255 7,509 7,545 7,681 7,653 7,671 Employment-population ratio................. 59.2 61.4 61.4 59.5 60.7 60.9 61.9 61.6 61.7 Unemployed.................................... 621 513 550 615 573 584 560 524 544 Unemployment rate........................... 7.9 6.3 6.7 7.8 7.1 7.2 6.8 6.4 6.6 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 1,236 895 1,091 1,075 1,000 1,018 927 920 934 Participation rate.......................... 50.5 36.1 44.0 44.0 40.5 41.2 37.5 37.1 37.7 Employed...................................... 871 674 758 833 708 702 667 699 721 Employment-population ratio................. 35.6 27.2 30.5 34.1 28.6 28.4 26.9 28.2 29.0 Unemployed.................................... 365 222 334 242 293 316 260 222 214 Unemployment rate........................... 29.6 24.8 30.6 22.5 29.2 31.0 28.1 24.1 22.9 Men....................................... 30.2 25.1 34.7 22.4 31.6 32.9 33.0 26.2 26.7 Women..................................... 29.0 24.5 26.7 22.6 27.0 29.1 23.5 22.0 19.6 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 21,036 21,548 21,618 21,036 21,355 21,414 21,483 21,548 21,618 Civilian labor force............................ 14,436 14,498 14,710 14,375 14,591 14,570 14,543 14,535 14,643 Participation rate.......................... 68.6 67.3 68.0 68.3 68.3 68.0 67.7 67.5 67.7 Employed...................................... 13,394 13,613 13,750 13,301 13,610 13,732 13,541 13,558 13,654 Employment-population ratio................. 63.7 63.2 63.6 63.2 63.7 64.1 63.0 62.9 63.2 Unemployed.................................... 1,042 885 960 1,074 980 838 1,002 977 989 Unemployment rate........................... 7.2 6.1 6.5 7.5 6.7 5.8 6.9 6.7 6.8 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... 30,064 28,298 28,515 30,064 28,112 28,442 27,991 28,298 28,515 Civilian labor force.................... 12,988 12,052 12,261 12,784 12,164 12,094 11,753 11,743 12,047 Percent of population............... 43.2 42.6 43.0 42.5 43.3 42.5 42.0 41.5 42.2 Employed.............................. 12,130 11,332 11,496 11,873 11,257 11,356 10,972 10,959 11,238 Employment-population ratio......... 40.3 40.0 40.3 39.5 40.0 39.9 39.2 38.7 39.4 Unemployed............................ 858 720 765 911 907 739 781 784 810 Unemployment rate................... 6.6 6.0 6.2 7.1 7.5 6.1 6.6 6.7 6.7 High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 57,446 57,931 57,963 57,446 57,062 57,805 57,945 57,931 57,963 Civilian labor force.................... 37,174 37,548 37,384 37,171 37,261 37,740 37,577 37,416 37,403 Percent of population............... 64.7 64.8 64.5 64.7 65.3 65.3 64.8 64.6 64.5 Employed.............................. 35,780 36,346 36,033 35,681 35,979 36,448 36,253 36,058 35,961 Employment-population ratio......... 62.3 62.7 62.2 62.1 63.1 63.1 62.6 62.2 62.0 Unemployed............................ 1,394 1,202 1,351 1,490 1,282 1,292 1,324 1,359 1,442 Unemployment rate................... 3.8 3.2 3.6 4.0 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.9 Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... 41,880 42,742 42,780 41,880 43,911 43,028 43,059 42,742 42,780 Civilian labor force.................... 31,008 31,640 31,669 31,283 32,465 31,892 32,160 31,930 31,937 Percent of population............... 74.0 74.0 74.0 74.7 73.9 74.1 74.7 74.7 74.7 Employed.............................. 30,151 30,795 30,913 30,371 31,462 30,989 31,202 31,043 31,130 Employment-population ratio......... 72.0 72.0 72.3 72.5 71.6 72.0 72.5 72.6 72.8 Unemployed............................ 857 845 756 912 1,003 903 958 886 806 Unemployment rate................... 2.8 2.7 2.4 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.0 2.8 2.5 College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... 42,464 44,442 44,464 42,464 43,949 43,859 44,289 44,442 44,464 Civilian labor force.................... 33,957 35,650 35,527 34,281 35,040 34,997 35,493 35,771 35,856 Percent of population............... 80.0 80.2 79.9 80.7 79.7 79.8 80.1 80.5 80.6 Employed.............................. 33,337 35,037 34,777 33,681 34,368 34,345 34,742 35,107 35,128 Employment-population ratio......... 78.5 78.8 78.2 79.3 78.2 78.3 78.4 79.0 79.0 Unemployed............................ 620 613 750 600 673 652 752 664 727 Unemployment rate................... 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 132,265 133,411 134,395 131,253 133,144 133,033 133,069 133,224 133,432 Married men, spouse present..................... 42,582 42,839 43,205 42,648 43,016 43,114 43,190 42,882 43,291 Married women, spouse present................... 32,412 33,487 33,396 32,820 33,092 33,134 33,285 33,487 33,802 Women who maintain families..................... 7,938 8,127 8,023 7,909 8,113 8,148 8,050 8,039 7,991 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... 38,449 40,477 40,602 38,786 39,531 39,900 40,504 40,500 40,946 Technical, sales, and administrative support.... 38,605 38,868 38,767 38,573 39,254 38,893 38,866 39,103 38,729 Service occupations............................. 18,123 18,075 18,290 17,856 18,163 18,074 17,868 18,111 18,020 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 14,799 14,519 14,422 14,466 14,742 14,661 14,518 14,432 14,084 Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ 18,344 17,794 18,383 18,152 18,021 18,177 17,656 17,813 18,190 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 3,944 3,678 3,931 3,513 3,490 3,417 3,539 3,441 3,504 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,145 2,067 2,207 1,857 1,895 1,893 1,908 1,919 1,911 Self-employed workers......................... 1,524 1,387 1,443 1,445 1,381 1,376 1,439 1,348 1,369 Unpaid family workers......................... 49 35 41 44 44 39 31 33 37 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 119,370 121,110 121,653 118,733 121,066 121,005 120,785 121,168 121,005 Government.................................. 18,220 18,766 18,862 18,467 18,782 18,699 18,709 18,672 19,110 Private industries.......................... 101,151 102,344 102,791 100,266 102,283 102,306 102,076 102,496 101,895 Private households........................ 968 899 1,006 962 849 917 941 910 1,001 Other industries.......................... 100,183 101,445 101,786 99,304 101,434 101,389 101,135 101,586 100,894 Self-employed workers......................... 9,068 8,748 8,955 8,971 8,658 8,650 8,813 8,687 8,857 Unpaid family workers......................... 108 65 96 97 114 125 63 60 87 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 4,033 3,281 3,641 3,792 3,426 3,564 3,408 3,422 3,418 Slack work or business conditions........... 2,159 1,835 2,082 2,183 1,984 2,045 1,920 1,946 2,092 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,431 1,122 1,158 1,248 1,141 1,208 1,124 1,137 1,014 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 17,191 19,136 17,266 18,619 18,642 18,545 18,882 18,632 18,666 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ 3,871 3,127 3,462 3,618 3,298 3,374 3,224 3,247 3,232 Slack work or business conditions........... 2,086 1,748 1,940 2,102 1,906 1,955 1,831 1,838 1,944 Could only find part-time work.............. 1,373 1,092 1,141 1,210 1,108 1,159 1,092 1,111 1,010 Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 16,595 18,568 16,629 17,992 18,061 17,944 18,320 18,098 18,016 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Category June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over......................... 6,245 5,795 5,975 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 Men, 20 years and over......................... 2,596 2,534 2,494 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 Women, 20 years and over....................... 2,423 2,209 2,373 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 1,226 1,052 1,108 14.8 14.1 14.3 14.1 12.6 13.5 Married men, spouse present.................... 973 1,033 977 2.2 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.2 Married women, spouse present.................. 980 870 926 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.7 Women who maintain families.................... 601 514 561 7.1 6.5 6.7 7.2 6.0 6.6 Full-time workers.............................. 4,915 4,592 4,628 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 Part-time workers.............................. 1,288 1,247 1,317 5.2 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.4 OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... 685 827 852 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.0 Technical, sales, and administrative support... 1,554 1,331 1,431 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 3.3 3.6 Precision production, craft, and repair........ 657 623 725 4.3 4.4 3.6 3.8 4.1 4.9 Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... 1,340 1,233 1,166 6.9 6.0 5.9 6.5 6.5 6.0 Farming, forestry, and fishing................. 241 300 284 6.4 7.8 6.9 7.3 8.0 7.5 INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4,868 4,521 4,699 4.6 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.2 4.4 Goods-producing industries................... 1,325 1,256 1,322 4.7 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.7 Mining..................................... 26 33 26 4.0 7.7 5.3 9.3 5.9 4.7 Construction............................... 546 515 531 7.9 7.5 6.7 7.4 7.2 7.5 Manufacturing.............................. 753 708 764 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.8 Durable goods............................ 373 410 448 3.0 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.6 Nondurable goods......................... 380 298 317 4.6 4.3 4.1 3.7 3.6 4.0 Service-producing industries................. 3,543 3,264 3,377 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.3 Transportation and public utilities........ 258 248 214 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.3 2.8 Wholesale and retail trade................. 1,503 1,435 1,441 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 Finance, insurance, and real estate........ 169 170 189 2.2 2.4 1.9 3.2 2.1 2.3 Services................................... 1,613 1,410 1,533 4.6 4.0 4.2 4.1 3.9 4.2 Government workers............................. 406 504 470 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.4 Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 171 230 203 8.4 11.3 9.5 9.7 10.7 9.6 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................ 3,174 2,494 3,136 2,553 2,601 2,478 2,788 2,467 2,529 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 1,801 1,469 1,552 2,022 1,944 1,891 1,867 1,816 1,736 15 weeks and over................................ 1,559 1,544 1,583 1,641 1,550 1,434 1,446 1,523 1,668 15 to 26 weeks................................ 808 845 802 833 766 736 773 794 824 27 weeks and over............................. 751 699 782 808 784 697 673 729 844 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ 12.8 13.6 13.1 14.1 13.8 13.5 13.1 13.4 14.5 Median duration, in weeks........................ 4.9 6.4 4.5 6.7 7.0 6.9 6.1 6.7 6.2 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 48.6 45.3 50.0 41.1 42.7 42.7 45.7 42.5 42.6 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 27.6 26.7 24.7 32.5 31.9 32.6 30.6 31.3 29.3 15 weeks and over.............................. 23.9 28.0 25.2 26.4 25.4 24.7 23.7 26.2 28.1 15 to 26 weeks............................... 12.4 15.3 12.8 13.4 12.6 12.7 12.7 13.7 13.9 27 weeks and over............................ 11.5 12.7 12.5 13.0 12.9 12.0 11.0 12.6 14.2 NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 2,628 2,362 2,495 2,832 2,738 2,563 2,700 2,663 2,683 On temporary layoff............................. 713 609 746 851 849 812 838 821 892 Not on temporary layoff......................... 1,915 1,753 1,750 1,981 1,889 1,751 1,862 1,842 1,791 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,289 1,295 1,253 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 626 458 497 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 714 699 820 754 751 780 841 789 864 Reentrants........................................ 2,360 2,052 2,293 2,112 2,110 1,988 2,044 2,040 2,057 New entrants...................................... 832 394 663 517 509 431 469 415 349 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 40.2 42.9 39.8 45.6 44.8 44.5 44.6 45.1 45.1 On temporary layoff............................ 10.9 11.1 11.9 13.7 13.9 14.1 13.9 13.9 15.0 Not on temporary layoff........................ 29.3 31.8 27.9 31.9 30.9 30.4 30.8 31.2 30.1 Job leavers...................................... 10.9 12.7 13.1 12.1 12.3 13.5 13.9 13.4 14.5 Reentrants....................................... 36.1 37.3 36.6 34.0 34.5 34.5 33.8 34.5 34.6 New entrants..................................... 12.7 7.2 10.6 8.3 8.3 7.5 7.7 7.0 5.9 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 Job leavers...................................... .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 New entrants..................................... .6 .3 .5 .4 .4 .3 .3 .3 .3 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally Seasonally adjusted adjusted Measure June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.7 4.0 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.9 4.1 4.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.5 4.8 5.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 8.4 7.1 7.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates(1) (in thousands) Age and sex June May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 6,245 5,795 5,975 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 16 to 24 years.................................. 2,329 2,092 2,181 10.6 10.2 10.0 10.0 9.4 9.9 16 to 19 years................................ 1,226 1,052 1,108 14.8 14.1 14.3 14.1 12.6 13.5 16 to 17 years.............................. 593 531 524 18.0 15.5 16.6 16.9 15.9 16.1 18 to 19 years.............................. 634 531 586 12.6 13.1 12.8 12.3 10.6 11.8 20 to 24 years................................ 1,103 1,040 1,073 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.6 7.5 7.7 25 years and over............................... 3,901 3,718 3,788 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 25 to 54 years................................ 3,455 3,218 3,242 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 55 years and over............................. 432 462 537 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.0 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 3,274 3,118 3,099 4.4 4.3 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.2 16 to 24 years................................ 1,276 1,180 1,231 11.1 10.1 9.9 10.5 10.2 10.7 16 to 19 years.............................. 678 584 605 15.9 14.6 15.0 14.8 13.3 14.1 16 to 17 years............................ 356 313 282 20.5 15.3 16.9 19.2 17.7 16.5 18 to 19 years............................ 332 277 333 12.9 14.1 13.6 12.2 10.6 12.8 20 to 24 years.............................. 598 597 626 8.3 7.5 7.0 8.0 8.3 8.7 25 years and over............................. 1,991 1,958 1,861 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.0 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,748 1,662 1,601 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.0 55 years and over........................... 238 261 258 2.5 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.6 Women, 16 years and over........................ 2,971 2,677 2,876 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.4 16 to 24 years................................ 1,053 912 950 10.1 10.2 10.0 9.5 8.6 9.0 16 to 19 years.............................. 548 468 503 13.6 13.7 13.6 13.4 11.8 12.9 16 to 17 years............................ 237 217 241 15.1 15.7 16.2 14.5 13.8 15.7 18 to 19 years............................ 302 255 253 12.3 12.1 11.9 12.5 10.6 10.7 20 to 24 years.............................. 505 444 447 7.9 8.0 7.8 7.1 6.7 6.7 25 years and over............................. 1,910 1,760 1,927 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.2 3.5 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,707 1,556 1,641 3.7 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.5 55 years and over........................... 194 201 279 2.6 2.7 3.2 3.3 2.6 3.5 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category June June June June June June 1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 66,287 66,966 23,747 24,197 42,540 42,769 Persons who currently want a job................................ 5,187 5,204 2,225 2,262 2,962 2,942 Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... 1,213 1,228 617 594 595 634 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... 311 220 168 133 143 87 Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... 902 1,008 449 461 453 547 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... 7,712 7,492 4,133 4,071 3,579 3,421 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.8 5.6 5.8 5.6 5.9 5.5 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,333 3,992 2,594 2,361 1,739 1,631 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,641 1,463 546 484 1,095 979 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 247 248 176 170 70 78 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,450 1,728 799 1,019 652 709 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p Total......................... 126,804 127,990 128,822 129,542 125,689 127,730 127,813 128,134 128,129 128,397 Total private.................... 106,956 107,522 108,333 109,374 105,913 107,676 107,726 108,035 108,051 108,301 Goods-producing......................... 25,723 25,043 25,241 25,532 25,381 25,329 25,285 25,288 25,196 25,184 Mining................................ 600 532 531 535 593 553 550 538 531 528 Metal mining........................ 51.3 48.7 48.8 49.5 50 50 50 49 49 48 Coal mining......................... 91.6 85.9 85.7 85.1 91 88 87 86 86 85 Oil and gas extraction.............. 344.7 289.1 285.2 288.0 343 306 305 294 288 287 Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 112.8 108.4 110.9 112.2 109 109 108 109 108 108 Construction.......................... 6,193 6,104 6,304 6,504 5,962 6,238 6,232 6,277 6,238 6,264 General building contractors........ 1,413.3 1,393.0 1,424.6 1,477.6 1,369 1,426 1,429 1,428 1,427 1,432 Heavy construction, except building. 894.0 845.8 888.4 919.6 835 869 864 874 854 859 Special trade contractors........... 3,886.1 3,865.0 3,990.5 4,107.2 3,758 3,943 3,939 3,975 3,957 3,973 Manufacturing......................... 18,930 18,407 18,406 18,493 18,826 18,538 18,503 18,473 18,427 18,392 Production workers................ 13,049 12,650 12,648 12,697 12,970 12,730 12,714 12,696 12,662 12,619 Durable goods........................ 11,280 10,982 10,980 11,027 11,210 11,027 11,014 10,993 10,970 10,957 Production workers................ 7,728 7,518 7,516 7,541 7,668 7,529 7,527 7,519 7,501 7,482 Lumber and wood products............ 820.8 814.1 821.9 832.5 811 827 827 824 824 823 Furniture and fixtures.............. 533.5 536.3 537.1 539.5 531 535 535 536 537 537 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 573.9 568.7 574.8 580.4 562 571 569 570 570 569 Primary metal industries............ 719.0 690.4 687.9 690.9 716 695 693 691 688 687 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 234.6 221.7 221.4 221.7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Fabricated metal products........... 1,510.1 1,486.5 1,486.0 1,492.1 1,503 1,491 1,490 1,489 1,487 1,485 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 2,227.8 2,136.8 2,131.6 2,138.1 2,215 2,146 2,139 2,132 2,126 2,126 Computer and office equipment..... 381.4 359.3 359.5 362.0 380 362 360 361 360 361 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 1,720.5 1,654.6 1,654.5 1,660.2 1,715 1,659 1,659 1,658 1,658 1,654 Electronic components and accessories.................... 667.3 633.9 635.5 638.5 664 636 636 635 636 636 Transportation equipment............ 1,903.0 1,865.1 1,859.1 1,862.4 1,891 1,871 1,873 1,864 1,853 1,851 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 1,003.7 997.8 1,001.6 1,007.3 994 989 992 996 996 998 Aircraft and parts................ 524.6 502.1 495.9 491.3 526 510 511 503 497 492 Instruments and related products.... 875.2 842.1 840.1 842.8 872 847 844 842 841 839 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 396.2 387.6 386.6 388.4 394 385 385 387 386 386 Nondurable goods..................... 7,650 7,425 7,426 7,466 7,616 7,511 7,489 7,480 7,457 7,435 Production workers................ 5,321 5,132 5,132 5,156 5,302 5,201 5,187 5,177 5,161 5,137 Food and kindred products........... 1,684.7 1,649.0 1,658.3 1,679.6 1,686 1,695 1,693 1,689 1,687 1,681 Tobacco products.................... 37.1 36.4 35.2 35.8 40 40 39 38 38 39 Textile mill products............... 604.8 566.8 563.9 563.0 601 575 571 567 563 559 Apparel and other textile products.. 775.8 696.1 692.8 690.5 768 707 702 698 690 684 Paper and allied products........... 680.3 658.6 659.2 662.5 676 664 662 662 661 658 Printing and publishing............. 1,570.9 1,552.7 1,549.0 1,554.8 1,568 1,559 1,557 1,555 1,551 1,552 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,050.8 1,034.2 1,036.0 1,041.6 1,044 1,041 1,037 1,038 1,036 1,035 Petroleum and coal products......... 144.1 137.9 138.6 140.5 141 139 139 139 138 138 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 1,017.1 1,018.5 1,018.5 1,023.2 1,009 1,015 1,014 1,019 1,019 1,015 Leather and leather products........ 84.2 75.1 74.8 74.8 83 76 75 75 74 74 Service-producing....................... 101,081 102,947 103,581 104,010 100,308 102,401 102,528 102,846 102,933 103,213 Transportation and public utilities... 6,623 6,719 6,772 6,821 6,589 6,723 6,732 6,750 6,758 6,787 Transportation...................... 4,286 4,371 4,414 4,446 4,265 4,367 4,378 4,397 4,403 4,424 Railroad transportation........... 231.9 234.1 235.5 237.3 231 233 235 234 235 236 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 465.0 493.6 499.6 487.1 466 475 476 483 481 488 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,760.0 1,775.6 1,795.5 1,825.6 1,744 1,789 1,796 1,800 1,800 1,809 Water transportation.............. 184.7 177.5 181.7 187.2 178 181 177 180 180 180 Transportation by air............. 1,175.7 1,211.4 1,219.0 1,223.3 1,179 1,213 1,218 1,220 1,225 1,227 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 14.1 13.4 13.7 13.9 14 14 14 14 14 14 Transportation services........... 454.2 465.6 468.7 471.3 453 462 462 466 468 470 Communications and public utilities. 2,337 2,348 2,358 2,375 2,324 2,356 2,354 2,353 2,355 2,363 Communications.................... 1,476.1 1,505.9 1,513.6 1,521.6 1,470 1,507 1,506 1,508 1,512 1,516 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 860.6 841.8 844.2 852.9 854 849 848 845 843 847 Wholesale trade....................... 6,869 6,948 6,982 7,025 6,826 6,937 6,947 6,965 6,973 6,982 Durable goods....................... 4,065 4,111 4,127 4,155 4,039 4,100 4,103 4,113 4,120 4,129 Nondurable goods.................... 2,804 2,837 2,855 2,870 2,787 2,837 2,844 2,852 2,853 2,853 Retail trade.......................... 22,451 22,476 22,772 22,986 22,257 22,648 22,611 22,724 22,740 22,789 Building materials and garden supplies......................... 993.6 992.8 1,024.4 1,035.8 945 979 982 982 979 985 General merchandise stores.......... 2,663.2 2,702.0 2,704.7 2,722.3 2,725 2,781 2,794 2,799 2,786 2,786 Department stores................. 2,366.9 2,409.9 2,415.4 2,430.8 2,423 2,475 2,489 2,499 2,489 2,488 Food stores......................... 3,493.7 3,447.2 3,467.9 3,498.0 3,474 3,492 3,490 3,492 3,486 3,479 Automotive dealers and service stations......................... 2,360.3 2,388.9 2,406.2 2,424.3 2,338 2,390 2,392 2,399 2,400 2,402 New and used car dealers.......... 1,049.9 1,072.5 1,076.8 1,084.2 1,046 1,065 1,069 1,074 1,077 1,080 Apparel and accessory stores........ 1,134.4 1,135.0 1,144.9 1,161.6 1,145 1,167 1,167 1,163 1,171 1,173 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... 1,010.8 1,069.3 1,069.5 1,077.3 1,022 1,064 1,070 1,081 1,082 1,089 Eating and drinking places.......... 7,971.5 7,852.6 8,030.8 8,146.4 7,740 7,855 7,785 7,863 7,878 7,910 Miscellaneous retail establishments. 2,823.8 2,887.9 2,923.5 2,920.2 2,868 2,920 2,931 2,945 2,958 2,965 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,468 7,583 7,618 7,713 7,400 7,581 7,595 7,611 7,618 7,642 Finance............................. 3,607 3,688 3,700 3,736 3,589 3,681 3,690 3,697 3,704 3,717 Depository institutions........... 2,055.4 2,043.4 2,044.8 2,063.7 2,043 2,051 2,051 2,050 2,048 2,051 Commercial banks................ 1,477.5 1,462.3 1,463.0 1,478.8 1,468 1,470 1,469 1,467 1,466 1,470 Savings institutions............ 260.3 257.2 256.6 258.4 258 258 258 257 257 256 Nondepository institutions........ 656.9 715.3 719.1 723.8 655 708 712 716 719 721 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 327.0 370.1 374.7 376.3 324 365 368 370 374 373 Security and commodity brokers.... 647.4 665.4 669.1 678.0 644 661 664 668 671 675 Holding and other investment offices........................ 247.5 264.2 266.7 270.3 247 261 263 263 266 270 Insurance........................... 2,351 2,392 2,395 2,409 2,343 2,386 2,392 2,395 2,397 2,401 Insurance carriers................ 1,602.3 1,629.1 1,631.2 1,642.0 1,597 1,628 1,632 1,631 1,633 1,637 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 748.5 762.6 763.8 767.1 746 758 760 764 764 764 Real estate......................... 1,510 1,503 1,523 1,568 1,468 1,514 1,513 1,519 1,517 1,524 Services2............................. 37,822 38,753 38,948 39,297 37,460 38,458 38,556 38,697 38,766 38,917 Agricultural services............... 776.2 760.2 808.2 841.2 698 751 747 755 750 757 Hotels and other lodging places..... 1,878.1 1,744.0 1,805.8 1,898.8 1,777 1,786 1,789 1,791 1,788 1,797 Personal services................... 1,169.1 1,266.8 1,181.9 1,167.7 1,196 1,201 1,200 1,204 1,190 1,195 Business services................... 8,617.3 8,923.1 9,014.2 9,130.0 8,573 8,922 8,963 9,010 9,038 9,081 Services to buildings............. 958.8 977.3 984.4 995.7 948 971 973 978 977 985 Personnel supply services......... 3,261.8 3,289.2 3,343.0 3,400.4 3,248 3,331 3,343 3,350 3,361 3,384 Help supply services............ 2,900.3 2,912.5 2,962.7 3,015.2 2,886 2,954 2,967 2,975 2,979 2,998 Computer and data processing services....................... 1,592.5 1,750.8 1,761.0 1,778.7 1,593 1,724 1,734 1,749 1,764 1,779 Auto repair, services, and parking.. 1,150.1 1,177.5 1,184.0 1,187.7 1,142 1,175 1,176 1,178 1,182 1,180 Miscellaneous repair services....... 385.2 396.0 398.3 400.7 381 392 393 396 398 397 Motion pictures..................... 566.4 584.9 595.2 607.9 564 582 580 587 595 606 Amusement and recreation services... 1,827.1 1,648.8 1,766.6 1,950.8 1,587 1,656 1,660 1,668 1,677 1,697 Health services..................... 9,866.5 9,937.7 9,945.2 9,984.4 9,842 9,919 9,932 9,951 9,952 9,960 Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ 1,803.2 1,852.4 1,857.2 1,871.5 1,798 1,844 1,850 1,856 1,860 1,867 Nursing and personal care facilities..................... 1,766.9 1,748.5 1,749.9 1,754.2 1,765 1,755 1,754 1,753 1,754 1,752 Hospitals......................... 3,932.5 3,959.8 3,959.6 3,975.7 3,925 3,959 3,963 3,966 3,966 3,968 Home health care services......... 675.9 655.9 654.7 653.5 674 651 653 656 652 652 Legal services...................... 985.2 992.4 993.7 1,016.6 971 992 995 998 999 1,002 Educational services................ 1,977.3 2,398.1 2,298.9 2,071.3 2,171 2,237 2,243 2,254 2,265 2,274 Social services..................... 2,636.5 2,771.2 2,785.7 2,772.4 2,638 2,734 2,744 2,755 2,759 2,774 Child day care services........... 590.2 646.4 651.5 621.0 604 625 627 628 630 635 Residential care.................. 749.2 772.1 774.2 780.6 743 768 769 772 774 774 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... 99.0 92.8 96.8 100.8 92 94 95 94 93 94 Membership organizations............ 2,397.9 2,380.3 2,393.4 2,437.7 2,360 2,389 2,392 2,392 2,394 2,399 Engineering and management services. 3,200.4 3,386.1 3,386.3 3,434.0 3,178 3,335 3,354 3,370 3,391 3,409 Engineering and architectural services....................... 918.9 929.8 937.0 955.4 906 930 933 939 939 942 Management and public relations... 1,034.3 1,132.5 1,144.7 1,162.4 1,025 1,111 1,123 1,133 1,142 1,153 Services, nec....................... 52.2 55.7 56.3 57.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Government............................ 19,848 20,468 20,489 20,168 19,776 20,054 20,087 20,099 20,078 20,096 Federal............................. 2,695 2,681 2,667 2,682 2,677 2,713 2,710 2,688 2,667 2,664 Federal, except Postal Service.... 1,839.6 1,810.0 1,798.1 1,812.3 1,813 1,834 1,831 1,809 1,789 1,786 State............................... 4,458 4,809 4,742 4,538 4,598 4,670 4,680 4,688 4,679 4,680 Education......................... 1,738.1 2,085.5 2,005.7 1,771.2 1,911 1,941 1,948 1,955 1,944 1,947 Other State government............ 2,720.0 2,723.5 2,736.0 2,767.0 2,687 2,729 2,732 2,733 2,735 2,733 Local............................... 12,695 12,978 13,080 12,948 12,501 12,671 12,697 12,723 12,732 12,752 Education......................... 7,088.1 7,555.8 7,596.3 7,262.7 7,060 7,181 7,200 7,206 7,225 7,236 Other local government............ 5,607.1 5,421.9 5,483.7 5,685.7 5,441 5,490 5,497 5,517 5,507 5,516 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p Total private.................... 34.7 34.3 34.6 34.6 34.6 34.6 34.5 34.4 34.4 34.5 Goods-producing......................... 41.2 40.9 41.1 41.2 41.1 41.0 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.1 Mining................................ 44.0 43.3 44.2 43.9 43.7 43.0 42.9 43.8 44.1 43.7 Construction.......................... 39.2 38.6 39.3 39.8 38.8 39.2 38.5 38.6 38.9 39.4 Manufacturing......................... 41.8 41.6 41.7 41.7 41.8 41.6 41.5 41.6 41.7 41.7 Overtime hours.................... 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.6 4.7 Durable goods........................ 42.4 42.2 42.3 42.3 42.3 42.2 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.2 Overtime hours.................... 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.7 4.8 Lumber and wood products............ 41.6 41.2 41.4 41.6 41.1 41.1 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.1 Furniture and fixtures.............. 40.8 40.2 39.7 40.1 40.9 40.3 40.3 40.4 40.3 40.2 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 43.9 43.2 43.8 44.0 43.4 43.4 42.9 43.1 43.4 43.5 Primary metal industries............ 44.4 44.1 44.4 44.4 44.4 43.8 43.9 44.0 44.3 44.3 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 45.0 44.6 44.9 45.4 45.0 43.8 43.9 44.5 44.8 45.4 Fabricated metal products........... 42.6 42.1 42.1 42.2 42.4 42.1 42.1 41.8 42.1 42.0 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 43.2 42.2 42.2 42.1 43.1 42.1 41.9 41.9 42.1 42.0 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 41.4 41.1 41.3 40.9 41.4 41.2 41.0 41.1 41.6 40.9 Transportation equipment............ 42.9 44.2 44.0 44.3 42.9 44.0 43.7 44.0 43.6 44.4 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 42.7 45.6 45.3 45.7 42.7 45.0 44.7 45.1 44.5 45.7 Instruments and related products.... 41.4 41.5 41.4 41.7 41.4 41.3 41.2 41.6 41.6 41.7 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.0 39.9 40.1 39.8 40.1 39.7 39.8 39.6 40.2 39.9 Nondurable goods..................... 40.9 40.7 40.8 40.9 40.9 40.8 40.8 40.9 41.0 40.9 Overtime hours.................... 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.4 4.5 Food and kindred products........... 41.5 41.2 41.6 41.8 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.9 41.8 42.0 Tobacco products.................... 39.9 38.4 39.8 39.9 38.8 38.5 38.8 38.6 39.9 38.9 Textile mill products............... 41.5 40.9 40.8 40.8 41.2 40.6 40.4 41.0 40.9 40.4 Apparel and other textile products.. 37.8 37.6 37.8 38.0 37.3 37.5 37.4 37.5 37.8 37.6 Paper and allied products........... 43.5 43.6 43.3 43.6 43.5 43.5 43.7 43.6 43.5 43.6 Printing and publishing............. 38.0 38.1 37.9 37.7 38.3 38.1 37.9 38.1 38.2 38.1 Chemicals and allied products....... 43.1 42.7 42.8 42.8 43.2 42.8 42.8 43.0 43.0 42.8 Petroleum and coal products......... 43.2 42.7 42.5 42.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 42.0 41.8 41.9 41.8 41.9 41.7 41.8 41.5 41.9 41.7 Leather and leather products........ 38.1 37.9 38.1 38.2 37.6 37.7 37.7 38.1 38.2 37.7 Service-producing....................... 33.0 32.6 32.9 32.9 32.9 33.0 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 Transportation and public utilities... 39.6 38.6 38.8 38.9 39.5 39.2 39.1 39.0 38.8 38.8 Wholesale trade....................... 38.4 38.3 38.6 38.5 38.3 38.5 38.4 38.4 38.3 38.5 Retail trade.......................... 29.3 28.7 29.1 29.4 29.0 29.2 29.0 29.0 29.1 29.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 35.9 36.4 35.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.7 32.4 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 32.5 32.5 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry June Apr. May June June Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999p 1999p Total private.................... $12.68 $13.16 $13.19 $13.14 $440.00 $451.39 $456.37 $454.64 Seasonally adjusted............. 12.76 13.14 13.18 13.23 441.50 452.02 453.39 456.44 Goods-producing......................... 14.28 14.64 14.75 14.83 588.34 598.78 606.23 611.00 Mining................................ 16.68 16.93 16.99 17.01 733.92 733.07 750.96 746.74 Construction.......................... 16.47 16.85 17.02 17.11 645.62 650.41 668.89 680.98 Manufacturing......................... 13.44 13.80 13.85 13.90 561.79 574.08 577.55 579.63 Durable goods........................ 13.93 14.27 14.33 14.37 590.63 602.19 606.16 607.85 Lumber and wood products............ 11.09 11.37 11.41 11.45 461.34 468.44 472.37 476.32 Furniture and fixtures.............. 10.82 11.14 11.14 11.18 441.46 447.83 442.26 448.32 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 13.58 13.75 13.87 13.91 596.16 594.00 607.51 612.04 Primary metal industries............ 15.54 15.62 15.76 15.85 689.98 688.84 699.74 703.74 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 18.54 18.59 18.84 18.97 834.30 829.11 845.92 861.24 Fabricated metal products........... 13.01 13.36 13.45 13.47 554.23 562.46 566.25 568.43 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 14.42 14.85 14.93 14.95 622.94 626.67 630.05 629.40 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 13.06 13.31 13.38 13.35 540.68 547.04 552.59 546.02 Transportation equipment............ 17.41 17.88 17.96 18.09 746.89 790.30 790.24 801.39 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 17.75 18.31 18.37 18.52 757.93 834.94 832.16 846.36 Instruments and related products.... 13.75 14.07 14.07 14.02 569.25 583.91 582.50 584.63 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 10.83 11.25 11.25 11.27 433.20 448.88 451.13 448.55 Nondurable goods..................... 12.70 13.09 13.11 13.18 519.43 532.76 534.89 539.06 Food and kindred products........... 11.76 12.07 12.11 12.19 488.04 497.28 503.78 509.54 Tobacco products.................... 20.78 19.99 20.68 20.67 829.12 767.62 823.06 824.73 Textile mill products............... 10.36 10.68 10.68 10.78 429.94 436.81 435.74 439.82 Apparel and other textile products.. 8.50 8.83 8.80 8.90 321.30 332.01 332.64 338.20 Paper and allied products........... 15.46 15.83 15.93 16.01 672.51 690.19 689.77 698.04 Printing and publishing............. 13.34 13.73 13.73 13.74 506.92 523.11 520.37 518.00 Chemicals and allied products....... 17.04 17.27 17.39 17.40 734.42 737.43 744.29 744.72 Petroleum and coal products......... 20.74 21.49 21.04 21.11 895.97 917.62 894.20 899.29 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 11.81 12.23 12.26 12.32 496.02 511.21 513.69 514.98 Leather and leather products........ 9.33 9.59 9.60 9.60 355.47 363.46 365.76 366.72 Service-producing....................... 12.14 12.69 12.69 12.60 400.62 413.69 417.50 414.54 Transportation and public utilities... $15.19 $15.57 $15.55 $15.56 $601.52 $601.00 $603.34 $605.28 Wholesale trade....................... 13.94 14.48 14.52 14.39 535.30 554.58 560.47 554.02 Retail trade.......................... 8.68 9.03 9.03 9.03 254.32 259.16 262.77 265.48 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 13.94 14.61 14.72 14.52 501.84 524.50 535.81 519.82 Services.............................. 12.71 13.32 13.33 13.21 415.62 431.57 435.89 430.65 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June change Industry 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p from: May 1999- June 1999 Total private: Current dollars.............. $12.76 $13.06 $13.11 $13.14 $13.18 $13.23 0.4 Constant (1982) dollars2..... 7.75 7.84 7.86 7.83 7.85 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............... 14.31 14.56 14.61 14.67 14.75 14.86 .7 Mining...................... 16.71 16.97 17.00 16.87 17.04 17.04 .0 Construction................ 16.54 16.83 16.92 16.97 17.08 17.19 .6 Manufacturing............... 13.48 13.67 13.71 13.79 13.85 13.94 .6 Excluding overtime4....... 12.77 12.97 13.00 13.09 13.13 13.19 .5 Service-producing............. 12.26 12.58 12.63 12.65 12.68 12.72 .3 Transportation and public utilities................ 15.27 15.51 15.53 15.60 15.65 15.65 .0 Wholesale trade............. 14.05 14.36 14.42 14.44 14.47 14.51 .3 Retail trade................ 8.71 8.95 8.98 9.03 9.04 9.07 .3 Finance, insurance, and real estate................... 14.05 14.49 14.51 14.58 14.60 14.64 .3 Services.................... 12.85 13.22 13.27 13.28 13.32 13.36 .3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .3 percent from April 1999 to May 1999, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry June Apr. May June June Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 1998 1999 1999p 1999p 1998 1999 1999 1999 1999p 1999p Total private.................... 146.9 145.6 148.1 149.7 144.8 147.3 146.8 147.0 147.1 147.6 Goods-producing......................... 117.8 113.1 114.9 116.8 115.5 115.0 114.2 114.2 114.4 114.5 Mining................................ 57.3 49.1 50.1 50.3 56.2 51.0 50.5 50.4 50.1 49.4 Construction.......................... 172.1 164.8 174.3 182.8 162.7 171.9 169.1 169.2 170.0 172.9 Manufacturing......................... 110.1 106.2 106.3 106.9 109.2 106.8 106.5 106.5 106.6 106.1 Durable goods........................ 114.4 110.8 110.8 111.3 113.3 110.8 110.4 110.4 110.5 110.2 Lumber and wood products............ 148.5 145.3 147.8 150.2 144.7 147.6 147.9 147.5 147.5 146.7 Furniture and fixtures.............. 136.2 135.1 133.7 135.6 135.6 134.9 135.2 135.6 135.6 135.2 Stone, clay, and glass products..... 118.9 116.2 119.3 121.0 114.9 117.0 115.4 116.2 117.3 117.3 Primary metal industries............ 95.0 90.1 90.4 90.7 94.4 90.0 90.0 89.9 90.3 90.0 Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... 73.4 68.9 69.5 70.1 72.7 68.0 68.2 69.1 69.6 69.7 Fabricated metal products........... 120.5 116.9 116.7 117.6 119.1 117.2 117.0 116.2 116.9 116.3 Industrial machinery and equipment.. 112.0 105.4 104.9 104.7 111.3 105.2 104.4 104.1 104.3 103.8 Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ 110.4 105.3 105.6 104.8 110.3 105.2 105.1 105.6 106.5 104.6 Transportation equipment............ 127.0 126.5 125.8 126.6 125.7 125.9 125.3 125.5 123.6 125.6 Motor vehicles and equipment...... 160.4 167.5 167.6 169.6 158.1 162.7 162.7 164.8 162.8 167.2 Instruments and related products.... 77.1 75.6 74.8 75.5 76.8 75.2 74.7 75.8 75.2 75.1 Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 104.3 101.2 101.3 100.6 103.8 99.8 100.0 100.3 101.4 100.3 Nondurable goods..................... 104.1 99.9 100.2 100.8 103.7 101.5 101.2 101.2 101.1 100.4 Food and kindred products........... 116.9 113.4 115.3 117.5 117.8 118.8 118.8 118.9 118.5 118.4 Tobacco products.................... 54.5 51.4 49.9 50.8 59.6 57.2 55.7 55.4 55.3 55.9 Textile mill products............... 88.7 81.5 81.0 80.9 87.3 82.0 81.1 81.6 80.9 79.4 Apparel and other textile products.. 69.2 61.4 61.7 61.4 67.7 62.1 61.5 61.4 61.4 60.1 Paper and allied products........... 110.0 105.9 105.4 106.9 109.2 106.7 107.0 106.7 106.3 106.3 Printing and publishing............. 124.2 121.8 120.8 120.7 125.2 122.8 121.9 121.9 121.9 121.6 Chemicals and allied products....... 104.1 101.3 101.9 102.2 103.8 102.0 101.8 102.4 102.3 101.6 Petroleum and coal products......... 78.4 74.2 73.5 74.8 76.6 77.4 76.4 74.5 73.7 73.1 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 150.2 149.6 149.9 150.3 148.6 148.5 148.8 148.5 150.1 148.5 Leather and leather products........ 37.4 32.6 32.5 32.6 36.4 33.0 32.4 32.8 32.3 31.9 Service-producing....................... 160.0 160.2 163.0 164.5 157.9 161.8 161.5 161.6 161.8 162.5 Transportation and public utilities... 132.9 131.3 133.3 134.9 131.7 134.1 133.8 133.6 133.0 133.6 Wholesale trade....................... 129.5 130.9 132.4 132.5 128.4 131.3 131.3 131.6 131.2 131.7 Retail trade.......................... 142.4 139.5 143.3 146.0 139.6 142.9 141.9 142.6 143.1 143.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 136.9 137.8 140.3 140.3 136.0 139.6 139.3 139.1 138.8 139.2 Services.............................. 196.2 198.8 201.5 202.8 193.7 198.9 198.8 198.9 199.2 200.5 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 63.8 58.0 54.6 56.5 47.5 54.8 55.6 59.1 57.9 56.9 55.2 57.7 1996.............. 49.6 64.9 59.4 55.1 61.9 60.8 57.0 62.5 57.3 63.5 59.7 61.2 1997.............. 56.2 61.0 61.9 62.8 58.8 56.3 60.7 61.0 59.4 65.4 63.6 62.1 1998.............. 63.8 57.9 58.8 60.5 55.9 57.9 58.0 55.8 54.6 52.9 59.1 58.6 1999.............. 54.4 58.3 52.1 58.8 p50.6 p55.8 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 63.8 62.9 58.0 53.5 53.9 52.7 59.3 61.0 59.4 58.6 57.3 55.3 1996.............. 62.6 62.5 63.3 63.1 63.1 64.3 64.3 62.2 64.6 64.2 66.2 63.2 1997.............. 63.8 63.6 67.7 67.3 62.6 61.7 61.4 66.2 67.3 69.9 70.8 71.2 1998.............. 66.7 66.2 64.5 63.9 61.4 58.7 60.0 58.4 57.6 57.6 59.0 60.4 1999.............. 60.7 55.9 59.6 p54.5 p55.2 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 66.7 59.7 58.6 56.5 59.0 60.0 57.7 61.0 60.5 59.3 61.7 63.2 1996.............. 62.6 65.2 64.5 65.2 64.7 64.6 67.0 65.4 65.9 66.7 66.9 66.7 1997.............. 67.4 68.3 65.6 67.0 65.6 64.9 66.3 68.4 69.7 71.3 71.3 71.9 1998.............. 70.6 66.9 65.9 62.4 62.6 61.1 58.0 59.8 60.0 60.8 60.8 58.0 1999.............. 61.1 p59.0 p55.8 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 63.6 62.4 62.6 63.3 61.7 61.9 58.7 62.2 62.2 61.5 63.5 65.4 1996.............. 64.5 66.7 64.5 65.6 68.5 67.3 67.7 66.4 68.0 69.9 68.7 66.9 1997.............. 69.0 67.3 68.3 69.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 70.4 70.5 69.7 69.8 71.3 1998.............. 70.4 68.3 67.1 64.0 62.1 61.7 61.8 63.8 59.8 59.0 p58.8 p58.6 1999.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 57.2 50.4 47.1 52.9 41.4 45.3 45.0 51.1 48.6 51.1 45.3 48.2 1996.............. 42.4 55.4 46.8 41.0 55.8 51.4 47.1 56.5 48.9 55.0 50.7 54.0 1997.............. 50.0 52.9 53.6 56.1 52.2 53.2 51.1 55.4 53.6 62.2 61.2 55.4 1998.............. 58.6 51.8 50.4 50.4 40.6 46.8 40.3 45.3 42.1 36.3 39.9 45.0 1999.............. 40.3 42.4 39.6 44.6 p37.1 p45.0 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 55.4 51.4 44.2 41.7 43.5 37.4 42.1 43.9 48.2 46.8 44.6 41.4 1996.............. 46.8 46.0 43.5 46.0 48.2 51.1 51.8 49.6 53.2 52.5 55.0 50.7 1997.............. 51.8 51.4 57.6 56.8 54.3 51.8 53.6 55.4 59.7 68.3 65.8 64.4 1998.............. 59.4 57.9 51.8 44.2 41.7 34.9 37.4 37.1 38.1 34.2 35.6 35.3 1999.............. 37.4 31.7 37.1 p30.2 p35.3 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 55.4 45.7 43.2 38.1 41.7 42.8 41.0 42.1 43.5 43.2 44.2 45.0 1996.............. 41.4 46.0 45.7 47.1 46.0 48.6 52.9 50.4 51.8 51.4 52.5 51.8 1997.............. 54.7 54.0 51.4 54.3 52.5 52.2 55.4 61.2 61.5 64.7 66.2 65.1 1998.............. 59.7 49.3 48.2 36.7 36.7 36.7 28.4 31.3 33.5 35.3 32.7 28.1 1999.............. 33.1 p29.1 p28.8 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 46.0 44.2 46.0 47.8 41.0 41.7 38.5 38.8 36.3 38.5 39.9 44.6 1996.............. 43.5 47.5 45.3 45.3 50.4 49.6 50.4 48.6 51.1 55.0 54.3 50.7 1997.............. 54.7 52.5 54.0 54.0 55.4 56.8 57.2 57.9 58.3 56.5 55.4 57.2 1998.............. 54.0 49.3 46.0 40.6 35.6 33.8 30.9 32.0 26.6 26.6 p26.3 p26.6 1999.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.