Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 06-777 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, May 5, 2006. (This release was reissued on the afternoon of Friday, May 5, to correct seasonally adjusted data for April 2005 for some series in tables A-1 to A-9 which contain data from the household survey. The corrections were minor and the affected data are numbers shown in thousands; no rates were affected. Household survey data for April 2006 and for other months shown in this news release were not affected nor were any data from the establish- ment survey which are presented in tables B-1 to B-7.) THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: APRIL 2006 Nonfarm employment increased by 138,000 in April, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.7 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Industries with notable job gains over the month included financial activities, health care, and manufacturing. Average hourly earnings rose by 9 cents in April. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons (7.1 million) was essentially unchanged in April, and the unemployment rate held at 4.7 percent. The jobless rates for the major worker groups--adult men (4.2 percent), adult women (4.3 per- cent), teenagers (14.6 percent), whites (4.1 percent), blacks (9.4 percent), and Hispanics (5.4 percent)--showed little or no change over the month. The unemployment rate for Asians was 3.6 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment was about unchanged in April at 143.7 million; the em- ployment-population ratio held at 63.0 percent. The labor force participa- tion rate was 66.1 percent in April and has been in a narrow range--66.0 to 66.2 percent--since April 2005. (See table A-1.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally at- tached to the labor force in April, down from 1.5 million a year earlier. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 381,000 discouraged workers in April, about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 928,000 marginally attached had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ______________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Mar.- Category | 2005 | 2006 | 2006 | Apr. |________|________|__________________________|change | IV | I | Feb. | Mar. | Apr. | ________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force.....| 150,126| 150,405| 150,449| 150,652| 150,811| 159 Employment.............| 142,671| 143,324| 143,257| 143,641| 143,688| 47 Unemployment...........| 7,455| 7,081| 7,193| 7,011| 7,123| 112 Not in labor force.......| 77,070| 77,359| 77,314| 77,323| 77,388| 65 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers..............| 5.0| 4.7| 4.8| 4.7| 4.7| 0.0 Adult men..............| 4.3| 4.1| 4.2| 4.1| 4.2| .1 Adult women............| 4.5| 4.2| 4.3| 4.1| 4.3| .2 Teenagers..............| 16.1| 15.5| 15.4| 15.7| 14.6| -1.1 White..................| 4.3| 4.1| 4.1| 4.0| 4.1| .1 Black or African | | | | | | American.............| 9.7| 9.2| 9.3| 9.3| 9.4| .1 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity............| 6.0| 5.6| 5.5| 5.4| 5.4| .0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment.......| 134,161|p134,730| 134,730|p134,930|p135,068| p138 Goods-producing(1).....| 22,242| p22,365| 22,373| p22,388| p22,425| p37 Construction.........| 7,391| p7,485| 7,494| p7,500| p7,510| p10 Manufacturing........| 14,211| p14,227| 14,226| p14,227| p14,246| p19 Service-providing(1)...| 111,920|p112,365| 112,357|p112,542|p112,643| p101 Retail trade(2)......| 15,284| p15,301| 15,289| p15,313| p15,277| p-36 Professional and | | | | | | business services..| 17,058| p17,163| 17,156| p17,205| p17,233| p28 Education and health | | | | | | services...........| 17,476| p17,583| 17,585| p17,621| p17,656| p35 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality........| 12,873| p12,958| 12,955| p12,986| p13,006| p20 Government...........| 21,870| p21,872| 21,876| p21,897| p21,904| p7 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work(3) |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 33.8| p33.8| 33.8| p33.8| p33.9| p0.1 Manufacturing..........| 40.9| p41.0| 41.0| p41.1| p41.1| p.0 Overtime.............| 4.6| p4.6| 4.6| p4.6| p4.5| p-.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3) |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 103.4| p104.2| 104.2| p104.4| p104.9| p0.5 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings(3) |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| $16.30| p$16.46| $16.47| p$16.52| p$16.61| p$0.09 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| 551.05| p556.46| 556.69| p558.38| p563.08| p4.70 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data. 3 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p = preliminary. - 3 - Employment Status of Hurricane Katrina Evacuees (Household Survey Data) Beginning in October, questions were added to the household survey to identify persons who evacuated from their homes, even temporarily, due to Hurricane Katrina. Data collected through these questions do not account for all evacuees; persons living outside the scope of the survey--such as those living in hotels or shelters--are not included. The questions were asked of persons in the household survey sample throughout the country, since some evacuees relocated far from the storm-affected areas. An ad- ditional question determined whether evacuees had returned to their homes and were living there at the time of the survey. The total number of evac- uees estimated from the household survey may change from month to month as people move in and out of the scope of the survey. In addition, because the estimates are obtained from a sample survey, they may vary from month to month due to sampling error. Information gathered in April represented about 900,000 persons age 16 and over who had evacuated from where they were living in August due to Hurricane Katrina. These evacuees either had returned to their homes or were living in other residential units covered in the survey. Just over half of the evac- uees were living in their August 2005 residences. Of all evacuees identified, 62.5 percent were in the labor force in April. The unemployment rate for per- sons identified as evacuees was 14.9 percent. The rate was much higher for evacuees who were not living in their former homes (26.5 percent) than for those who were again living at their pre-Katrina residences (5.3 percent). (See table B.) Table B. Employment status in April 2006 of persons 16 years and over who evacuated from their August residence, even temporarily, due to Hurricane Katrina (1) (Numbers in thousands, not seasonally adjusted) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Residence in April | |------------------------- Employment status in April 2006 | Total | Same as | Different than | |in August| in August -------------------------------------------------------|--------------- Civilian noninstitutional population.| 911 | 466 | 445 Civilian labor force...............| 569 | 312 | 257 Participation rate...........| 62.5 | 67.0 | 57.8 Employed........................| 485 | 296 | 189 Employment-population ratio..| 53.2 | 63.5 | 42.5 Unemployed......................| 85 | 16 | 68 Unemployment rate............| 14.9 | 5.3 | 26.5 Not in labor force.................| 342 | 154 | 188 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Represents persons in the civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over who resided in households that were eligible to be selected for the Current Population Survey (CPS). These data are not representative of the total evacuee population because they do not in- clude children or people residing in shelters, hotels, places of worship, or other units outside the scope of the CPS. The total number of evac- uees estimated from the CPS may change from month to month as people move in and out of the scope of the survey and because of sampling varia- bility. NOTE: These data use population controls that have been adjusted to account for interstate moves by evacuees. - 4 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 138,000 in April to 135.1 million, seasonally adjusted. Notable employment gains occurred in financial activities, health care, and manufacturing. Retail trade lost jobs over the month. (See table B-1.) Within the service-providing sector, financial activities employment rose by 26,000 in April, as insurance (10,000) and credit intermediation (9,000) gained jobs. Over the year, financial activities employment increased by 213,000. Health care added 23,000 jobs in April. Over the month, employment ex- panded in nursing and residential care facilities (9,000), hospitals (7,000), and offices of physicians (6,000). Within professional and business services, employment rose over the month in computer systems design (6,000) and in management and consulting services (6,000). Temporary help services employment was flat over the month and has shown little change since January. Retail trade employment declined by 36,000 in April. General merchandise stores lost 34,000 jobs over the month, more than offsetting a gain in that industry in March. Wholesale trade employment continued to trend upward in April. Over the year, this industry added 103,000 jobs. In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing added 19,000 jobs over the month; factory employment has risen by 50,000 since October. In April, em- ployment increased in motor vehicles and parts (12,000), computer and elec- tronic products (7,000), and fabricated metals (5,000). Small employment declines in primary metals, paper products, and textile mills partly offset these gains. Employment in mining rose by 7,000 in April. This increase was concen- trated within support activities, particularly those related to oil and gas. Since its most recent low in April 2003, mining employment has increased by 106,000, or 21 percent. Construction employment was little changed for the second straight month following large gains in January and February. Over the year, construction added 267,000 jobs. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 33.9 hours in April, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was unchanged at 41.1 hours, while factory overtime fell by 0.1 hour to 4.5 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory work- ers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.5 percent in April to 104.9 (2002=100). The manufacturing index rose by 0.1 percent to 96.1. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 9 cents in April to $16.61, seasonally adjusted. This followed gains of 5 cents in March and 7 cents in February. Average week- ly earnings increased by 0.8 percent in April to $563.08. Over the year, aver- age hourly earnings increased by 3.8 percent and average weekly earnings in- creased by 4.1 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for May 2006 is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the informa- tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 house- holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap- proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establish- ment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, pro- fession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. - 6 - Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri- vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and method- ological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the sur- veys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because in- dividuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The ef- fect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctua- tions may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by ad- justing the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make non- seasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to ana- lyze changes in economic activity. - 7 - Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super- sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in- dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di- rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the en- tire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 stand- ard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, oc- curred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of esti- mates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also im- prove the stability of the monthly estimates. - 8 - The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi- ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de- rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.05 percent to 0.4 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order pay- able to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household and establishment survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." For the establish- ment survey data, the sampling error measures and the actual size of re- visions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables 2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 225,441 227,975 228,199 225,441 227,425 227,553 227,763 227,975 228,199 Civilian labor force............................ 148,274 150,027 150,209 148,839 150,153 150,114 150,449 150,652 150,811 Participation rate........................ 65.8 65.8 65.8 66.0 66.0 66.0 66.1 66.1 66.1 Employed...................................... 140,939 142,772 143,405 141,196 142,779 143,074 143,257 143,641 143,688 Employment-population ratio............... 62.5 62.6 62.8 62.6 62.8 62.9 62.9 63.0 63.0 Unemployed.................................... 7,335 7,255 6,804 7,644 7,375 7,040 7,193 7,011 7,123 Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 4.8 4.5 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 Not in labor force.............................. 77,167 77,948 77,990 76,601 77,271 77,439 77,314 77,323 77,388 Persons who currently want a job.............. 5,022 4,729 4,648 5,103 5,167 4,962 4,949 4,865 4,767 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,812 110,161 110,280 108,812 109,863 109,936 110,048 110,161 110,280 Civilian labor force............................ 79,448 80,624 80,669 79,858 80,431 80,525 80,771 81,031 81,075 Participation rate........................ 73.0 73.2 73.1 73.4 73.2 73.2 73.4 73.6 73.5 Employed...................................... 75,456 76,488 76,929 75,773 76,529 76,857 76,888 77,273 77,237 Employment-population ratio............... 69.3 69.4 69.8 69.6 69.7 69.9 69.9 70.1 70.0 Unemployed.................................... 3,992 4,136 3,740 4,085 3,902 3,668 3,883 3,758 3,838 Unemployment rate......................... 5.0 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.7 Not in labor force.............................. 29,363 29,537 29,611 28,954 29,432 29,411 29,278 29,129 29,205 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,520 101,754 101,857 100,520 101,489 101,560 101,657 101,754 101,857 Civilian labor force............................ 76,068 77,125 77,275 76,202 76,786 76,928 77,115 77,335 77,415 Participation rate........................ 75.7 75.8 75.9 75.8 75.7 75.7 75.9 76.0 76.0 Employed...................................... 72,770 73,610 74,098 72,855 73,468 73,844 73,857 74,197 74,169 Employment-population ratio............... 72.4 72.3 72.7 72.5 72.4 72.7 72.7 72.9 72.8 Unemployed.................................... 3,297 3,514 3,177 3,347 3,318 3,084 3,258 3,137 3,246 Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 4.6 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 Not in labor force.............................. 24,452 24,629 24,582 24,318 24,703 24,631 24,542 24,419 24,442 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 116,629 117,814 117,919 116,629 117,562 117,617 117,715 117,814 117,919 Civilian labor force............................ 68,826 69,403 69,540 68,982 69,722 69,589 69,679 69,621 69,736 Participation rate........................ 59.0 58.9 59.0 59.1 59.3 59.2 59.2 59.1 59.1 Employed...................................... 65,483 66,285 66,476 65,423 66,250 66,217 66,369 66,368 66,451 Employment-population ratio............... 56.1 56.3 56.4 56.1 56.4 56.3 56.4 56.3 56.4 Unemployed.................................... 3,343 3,119 3,064 3,559 3,473 3,372 3,309 3,252 3,285 Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 4.5 4.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 Not in labor force.............................. 47,803 48,411 48,379 47,647 47,840 48,028 48,037 48,193 48,183 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,573 109,646 109,736 108,573 109,425 109,478 109,562 109,646 109,736 Civilian labor force............................ 65,513 66,068 66,215 65,461 66,215 66,022 66,081 66,038 66,187 Participation rate........................ 60.3 60.3 60.3 60.3 60.5 60.3 60.3 60.2 60.3 Employed...................................... 62,644 63,405 63,547 62,426 63,249 63,163 63,262 63,305 63,362 Employment-population ratio............... 57.7 57.8 57.9 57.5 57.8 57.7 57.7 57.7 57.7 Unemployed.................................... 2,869 2,663 2,668 3,036 2,966 2,859 2,819 2,733 2,825 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 Not in labor force.............................. 43,060 43,577 43,521 43,112 43,209 43,456 43,481 43,608 43,550 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 16,347 16,575 16,606 16,347 16,511 16,515 16,545 16,575 16,606 Civilian labor force............................ 6,693 6,834 6,720 7,176 7,152 7,164 7,253 7,279 7,210 Participation rate........................ 40.9 41.2 40.5 43.9 43.3 43.4 43.8 43.9 43.4 Employed...................................... 5,524 5,757 5,760 5,915 6,061 6,067 6,138 6,139 6,157 Employment-population ratio............... 33.8 34.7 34.7 36.2 36.7 36.7 37.1 37.0 37.1 Unemployed.................................... 1,169 1,077 960 1,261 1,091 1,097 1,115 1,140 1,053 Unemployment rate......................... 17.5 15.8 14.3 17.6 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.7 14.6 Not in labor force.............................. 9,654 9,741 9,886 9,171 9,359 9,352 9,292 9,296 9,396 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 184,015 185,704 185,849 184,015 185,327 185,436 185,570 185,704 185,849 Civilian labor force............................ 121,578 122,647 122,944 122,007 122,994 123,168 123,022 123,103 123,357 Participation rate.......................... 66.1 66.0 66.2 66.3 66.4 66.4 66.3 66.3 66.4 Employed...................................... 116,395 117,498 118,141 116,624 117,729 118,071 117,926 118,193 118,357 Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 63.3 63.6 63.4 63.5 63.7 63.5 63.6 63.7 Unemployed.................................... 5,184 5,149 4,803 5,383 5,264 5,097 5,096 4,910 5,001 Unemployment rate........................... 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.4 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 Not in labor force.............................. 62,437 63,057 62,904 62,008 62,333 62,268 62,548 62,601 62,492 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 63,488 64,208 64,347 63,565 64,028 64,250 64,181 64,382 64,421 Participation rate.......................... 76.2 76.3 76.4 76.3 76.2 76.4 76.3 76.5 76.5 Employed...................................... 61,119 61,620 62,074 61,170 61,586 61,924 61,836 62,128 62,109 Employment-population ratio................. 73.3 73.2 73.7 73.4 73.3 73.7 73.5 73.8 73.7 Unemployed.................................... 2,369 2,588 2,273 2,396 2,441 2,326 2,345 2,254 2,312 Unemployment rate........................... 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 52,528 52,851 53,015 52,497 53,067 52,913 52,890 52,749 52,974 Participation rate.......................... 59.7 59.6 59.7 59.6 59.9 59.7 59.6 59.5 59.7 Employed...................................... 50,546 51,005 51,159 50,412 51,034 50,938 50,895 50,853 51,022 Employment-population ratio................. 57.4 57.5 57.6 57.3 57.6 57.5 57.4 57.3 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 1,981 1,846 1,856 2,085 2,034 1,974 1,994 1,895 1,952 Unemployment rate........................... 3.8 3.5 3.5 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 5,563 5,588 5,582 5,944 5,899 6,005 5,951 5,973 5,962 Participation rate.......................... 43.9 43.7 43.6 46.9 46.3 47.1 46.6 46.7 46.5 Employed...................................... 4,729 4,873 4,909 5,042 5,110 5,209 5,195 5,212 5,226 Employment-population ratio................. 37.4 38.1 38.3 39.8 40.1 40.8 40.7 40.7 40.8 Unemployed.................................... 834 715 674 902 789 797 756 761 736 Unemployment rate........................... 15.0 12.8 12.1 15.2 13.4 13.3 12.7 12.7 12.3 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 26,413 26,865 26,905 26,413 26,744 26,788 26,826 26,865 26,905 Civilian labor force............................ 16,783 17,218 17,155 16,952 16,979 16,982 17,273 17,334 17,326 Participation rate.......................... 63.5 64.1 63.8 64.2 63.5 63.4 64.4 64.5 64.4 Employed...................................... 15,150 15,596 15,638 15,206 15,397 15,476 15,660 15,726 15,698 Employment-population ratio................. 57.4 58.1 58.1 57.6 57.6 57.8 58.4 58.5 58.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,633 1,623 1,517 1,746 1,582 1,506 1,614 1,608 1,628 Unemployment rate........................... 9.7 9.4 8.8 10.3 9.3 8.9 9.3 9.3 9.4 Not in labor force.............................. 9,631 9,647 9,751 9,461 9,766 9,806 9,553 9,531 9,580 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,488 7,638 7,690 7,565 7,553 7,520 7,682 7,703 7,760 Participation rate.......................... 70.5 70.7 71.1 71.3 70.2 69.8 71.2 71.3 71.7 Employed...................................... 6,829 6,970 7,032 6,866 6,903 6,959 7,030 7,062 7,067 Employment-population ratio................. 64.3 64.5 65.0 64.7 64.2 64.6 65.2 65.4 65.3 Unemployed.................................... 659 668 658 699 651 561 652 641 694 Unemployment rate........................... 8.8 8.7 8.6 9.2 8.6 7.5 8.5 8.3 8.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,557 8,707 8,670 8,550 8,633 8,681 8,668 8,725 8,677 Participation rate.......................... 64.2 64.4 64.1 64.1 64.1 64.4 64.2 64.5 64.1 Employed...................................... 7,842 8,049 8,036 7,804 7,896 7,981 7,990 8,058 8,004 Employment-population ratio................. 58.8 59.5 59.4 58.5 58.6 59.2 59.2 59.6 59.1 Unemployed.................................... 715 658 635 747 738 700 678 667 673 Unemployment rate........................... 8.4 7.6 7.3 8.7 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.6 7.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 738 873 794 837 792 781 924 905 889 Participation rate.......................... 29.9 34.4 31.2 33.9 31.5 30.9 36.5 35.6 34.9 Employed...................................... 479 577 570 536 598 536 640 606 627 Employment-population ratio................. 19.4 22.7 22.4 21.8 23.8 21.2 25.3 23.9 24.6 Unemployed.................................... 259 296 224 300 194 245 284 299 262 Unemployment rate........................... 35.1 33.9 28.2 35.9 24.4 31.4 30.8 33.1 29.5 ASIAN Civilian noninstutional population................ 9,763 10,078 10,095 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Civilian labor force............................ 6,411 6,744 6,690 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 65.7 66.9 66.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,160 6,511 6,447 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 64.6 63.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 251 232 243 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 3.4 3.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Not in labor force.............................. 3,352 3,334 3,405 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 28,902 29,793 29,880 28,902 29,645 29,622 29,707 29,793 29,880 Civilian labor force............................ 19,670 20,416 20,564 19,693 20,292 20,528 20,485 20,489 20,583 Participation rate.......................... 68.1 68.5 68.8 68.1 68.4 69.3 69.0 68.8 68.9 Employed...................................... 18,485 19,290 19,528 18,434 19,066 19,344 19,356 19,385 19,476 Employment-population ratio................. 64.0 64.7 65.4 63.8 64.3 65.3 65.2 65.1 65.2 Unemployed.................................... 1,186 1,126 1,035 1,259 1,226 1,184 1,129 1,104 1,107 Unemployment rate........................... 6.0 5.5 5.0 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.4 5.4 Not in labor force.............................. 9,231 9,376 9,316 9,209 9,353 9,094 9,222 9,304 9,297 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 11,343 11,785 11,833 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 84.2 84.8 84.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 10,794 11,230 11,371 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 80.1 80.8 81.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 548 554 462 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 4.8 4.7 3.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,341 7,594 7,734 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 57.5 57.8 58.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,888 7,155 7,284 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 54.0 54.5 55.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 454 440 450 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 6.2 5.8 5.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 986 1,037 996 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 37.0 37.6 36.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 802 905 873 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 30.1 32.8 31.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 183 132 123 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 18.6 12.8 12.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force.............................. 12,658 12,583 12,959 12,563 12,388 12,628 12,739 12,682 12,829 Participation rate............................ 45.2 45.9 46.3 44.9 45.3 46.0 47.0 46.3 45.8 Employed........................................ 11,668 11,591 12,099 11,525 11,465 11,742 11,823 11,795 11,933 Employment-population ratio................... 41.7 42.3 43.2 41.2 41.9 42.7 43.6 43.0 42.6 Unemployed...................................... 991 991 860 1,037 923 886 915 887 897 Unemployment rate............................. 7.8 7.9 6.6 8.3 7.5 7.0 7.2 7.0 7.0 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force.............................. 38,360 38,506 38,347 38,237 38,173 38,001 37,913 38,310 38,179 Participation rate............................ 63.2 63.2 63.3 63.0 63.1 62.5 62.6 62.9 63.0 Employed........................................ 36,681 36,750 36,674 36,561 36,417 36,324 36,240 36,716 36,515 Employment-population ratio................... 60.4 60.3 60.5 60.2 60.2 59.7 59.8 60.2 60.3 Unemployed...................................... 1,679 1,756 1,673 1,676 1,756 1,678 1,673 1,594 1,664 Unemployment rate............................. 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.4 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force.............................. 34,783 35,593 35,284 34,805 35,498 35,535 35,745 35,508 35,354 Participation rate............................ 73.0 72.5 72.4 73.1 72.4 72.5 71.6 72.3 72.6 Employed........................................ 33,459 34,208 33,983 33,445 34,115 34,290 34,442 34,178 34,013 Employment-population ratio................... 70.3 69.7 69.8 70.2 69.6 69.9 69.0 69.6 69.8 Unemployed...................................... 1,324 1,385 1,300 1,361 1,383 1,246 1,302 1,329 1,341 Unemployment rate............................. 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force.............................. 41,004 41,838 42,122 40,832 42,097 41,837 41,731 41,810 41,959 Participation rate............................ 78.1 77.9 77.9 77.8 78.4 78.3 78.3 77.9 77.6 Employed........................................ 40,061 40,932 41,243 39,836 41,187 40,955 40,808 40,876 41,032 Employment-population ratio................... 76.3 76.2 76.3 75.9 76.7 76.6 76.6 76.1 75.9 Unemployed...................................... 944 907 879 996 910 882 923 935 927 Unemployment rate............................. 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.2 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries................ 2,223 2,010 2,219 2,253 2,130 2,198 2,224 2,194 2,232 Wage and salary workers......................... 1,175 1,117 1,277 1,212 1,187 1,266 1,281 1,255 1,307 Self-employed workers........................... 1,025 880 930 1,033 921 897 919 931 937 Unpaid family workers........................... 23 13 12 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries........................ 138,716 140,762 141,186 138,926 140,638 140,862 141,000 141,464 141,425 Wage and salary workers......................... 128,821 131,178 131,547 128,980 131,170 131,185 131,189 131,638 131,728 Government.................................... 20,680 20,385 20,406 20,423 20,192 19,952 19,966 20,200 20,149 Private industries............................ 108,141 110,793 111,142 108,512 111,021 111,266 111,229 111,431 111,546 Private households.......................... 777 772 819 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries............................ 107,365 110,021 110,322 107,699 110,261 110,440 110,394 110,625 110,699 Self-employed workers........................... 9,808 9,514 9,560 9,878 9,370 9,550 9,730 9,706 9,659 Unpaid family workers........................... 87 70 79 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons.................... 4,150 4,097 3,787 4,321 4,138 4,133 4,204 3,989 3,978 Slack work or business conditions............. 2,534 2,598 2,352 2,631 2,541 2,649 2,655 2,494 2,474 Could only find part-time work................ 1,351 1,183 1,156 1,367 1,246 1,226 1,238 1,191 1,179 Part time for noneconomic reasons............... 20,350 19,747 19,808 19,527 19,582 19,708 19,564 19,373 19,460 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons.................... 4,050 3,983 3,710 4,216 4,051 4,064 4,107 3,884 3,900 Slack work or business conditions............. 2,462 2,509 2,299 2,555 2,508 2,606 2,590 2,382 2,422 Could only find part-time work................ 1,342 1,182 1,153 1,351 1,230 1,198 1,225 1,177 1,169 Part time for noneconomic reasons............... 19,971 19,407 19,438 19,152 19,214 19,368 19,199 19,044 19,112 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over.......................... 140,939 142,772 143,405 141,196 142,779 143,074 143,257 143,641 143,688 16 to 19 years.................................. 5,524 5,757 5,760 5,915 6,061 6,067 6,138 6,139 6,157 16 to 17 years................................ 2,040 2,109 2,210 2,224 2,334 2,280 2,348 2,321 2,384 18 to 19 years................................ 3,485 3,648 3,550 3,667 3,713 3,788 3,791 3,848 3,756 20 years and over............................... 135,414 137,015 137,645 135,280 136,717 137,007 137,119 137,502 137,531 20 to 24 years................................ 13,546 13,534 13,646 13,667 13,840 13,713 13,801 13,820 13,777 25 years and over............................. 121,868 123,481 123,999 121,579 122,906 123,302 123,261 123,575 123,661 25 to 54 years.............................. 98,469 99,109 99,333 98,288 98,934 99,216 99,146 99,315 99,167 25 to 34 years............................ 30,570 30,815 30,826 30,549 30,866 30,860 30,789 30,973 30,816 35 to 44 years............................ 34,724 34,494 34,596 34,609 34,581 34,632 34,630 34,553 34,508 45 to 54 years............................ 33,176 33,800 33,911 33,130 33,486 33,724 33,727 33,790 33,842 55 years and over........................... 23,399 24,372 24,666 23,291 23,972 24,086 24,114 24,260 24,494 Men, 16 years and over............................ 75,456 76,488 76,929 75,773 76,529 76,857 76,888 77,273 77,237 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,686 2,877 2,831 2,918 3,061 3,013 3,031 3,076 3,068 16 to 17 years................................ 1,007 1,030 1,036 1,108 1,090 1,064 1,078 1,132 1,131 18 to 19 years................................ 1,679 1,847 1,795 1,802 1,951 1,943 1,968 1,965 1,936 20 years and over............................... 72,770 73,610 74,098 72,855 73,468 73,844 73,857 74,197 74,169 20 to 24 years................................ 7,098 7,212 7,262 7,188 7,356 7,297 7,373 7,389 7,361 25 years and over............................. 65,673 66,399 66,836 65,639 66,157 66,534 66,460 66,753 66,758 25 to 54 years.............................. 53,108 53,330 53,634 53,123 53,375 53,621 53,504 53,676 53,634 25 to 34 years............................ 16,875 17,000 17,014 16,914 17,080 17,106 17,012 17,200 17,068 35 to 44 years............................ 18,771 18,660 18,820 18,774 18,739 18,818 18,796 18,782 18,818 45 to 54 years............................ 17,462 17,670 17,800 17,435 17,556 17,697 17,696 17,694 17,747 55 years and over........................... 12,564 13,069 13,202 12,516 12,782 12,913 12,956 13,077 13,125 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 65,483 66,285 66,476 65,423 66,250 66,217 66,369 66,368 66,451 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,839 2,880 2,929 2,997 3,000 3,054 3,107 3,063 3,089 16 to 17 years................................ 1,033 1,079 1,174 1,116 1,245 1,216 1,270 1,188 1,253 18 to 19 years................................ 1,805 1,801 1,755 1,865 1,762 1,845 1,824 1,883 1,820 20 years and over............................... 62,644 63,405 63,547 62,426 63,249 63,163 63,262 63,305 63,362 20 to 24 years................................ 6,449 6,323 6,384 6,479 6,484 6,415 6,428 6,431 6,416 25 years and over............................. 56,196 57,082 57,163 55,940 56,749 56,769 56,801 56,822 56,903 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,361 45,779 45,699 45,166 45,559 45,596 45,643 45,639 45,533 25 to 34 years............................ 13,695 13,815 13,812 13,635 13,786 13,754 13,777 13,773 13,748 35 to 44 years............................ 15,953 15,834 15,776 15,835 15,843 15,814 15,834 15,770 15,690 45 to 54 years............................ 15,714 16,130 16,111 15,695 15,930 16,027 16,031 16,096 16,095 55 years and over........................... 10,834 11,303 11,464 10,774 11,190 11,173 11,158 11,183 11,370 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present....................... 45,406 45,624 45,731 45,524 45,469 45,790 45,679 45,806 45,837 Married women, spouse present..................... 34,622 35,139 35,326 34,595 34,948 35,167 35,039 35,074 35,300 Women who maintain families....................... 8,919 8,987 8,747 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers (2)............................. 115,888 117,693 118,559 116,592 118,135 118,166 118,402 119,053 119,251 Part-time workers (3)............................. 25,050 25,079 24,846 24,577 24,743 24,931 24,794 24,559 24,469 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders......................... 7,437 7,589 7,360 7,547 7,473 7,603 7,408 7,521 7,489 Percent of total employed..................... 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.2 5.2 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over.......................... 7,644 7,011 7,123 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,261 1,140 1,053 17.6 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.7 14.6 16 to 17 years................................ 544 529 451 19.7 17.8 16.5 17.9 18.6 15.9 18 to 19 years................................ 745 612 618 16.9 13.5 14.4 13.9 13.7 14.1 20 years and over............................... 6,383 5,870 6,071 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 20 to 24 years................................ 1,324 1,134 1,228 8.8 8.5 8.2 8.5 7.6 8.2 25 years and over............................. 5,044 4,740 4,817 4.0 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 25 to 54 years.............................. 4,182 4,057 4,061 4.1 4.1 3.8 4.0 3.9 3.9 25 to 34 years............................ 1,686 1,577 1,601 5.2 5.0 4.6 5.2 4.8 4.9 35 to 44 years............................ 1,388 1,363 1,351 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 45 to 54 years............................ 1,109 1,117 1,109 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 55 years and over........................... 839 673 753 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.7 3.0 Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,085 3,758 3,838 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.7 16 to 19 years.................................. 738 621 592 20.2 16.0 16.2 17.1 16.8 16.2 16 to 17 years................................ 311 291 247 21.9 19.8 17.0 21.3 20.5 17.9 18 to 19 years................................ 445 330 363 19.8 13.8 15.4 14.6 14.4 15.8 20 years and over............................... 3,347 3,137 3,246 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.2 20 to 24 years................................ 753 671 705 9.5 9.2 8.9 9.1 8.3 8.7 25 years and over............................. 2,572 2,487 2,514 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,119 2,125 2,091 3.8 3.9 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.8 25 to 34 years............................ 885 804 833 5.0 4.4 4.2 5.2 4.5 4.7 35 to 44 years............................ 684 698 678 3.5 3.7 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.5 45 to 54 years............................ 549 623 579 3.1 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 55 years and over........................... 453 362 423 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.8 2.7 3.1 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,559 3,252 3,285 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.7 16 to 19 years.................................. 523 520 460 14.9 14.4 14.4 13.6 14.5 13.0 16 to 17 years................................ 233 238 205 17.3 16.1 16.1 14.7 16.7 14.0 18 to 19 years................................ 300 282 255 13.8 13.2 13.2 13.1 13.0 12.3 20 years and over............................... 3,036 2,733 2,825 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.3 20 to 24 years................................ 571 463 523 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.7 6.7 7.5 25 years and over............................. 2,472 2,253 2,303 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.9 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,064 1,932 1,970 4.4 4.4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 25 to 34 years............................ 800 773 768 5.5 5.7 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.3 35 to 44 years............................ 704 665 672 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.1 45 to 54 years............................ 560 494 530 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.0 3.2 55 years and over (2)....................... 359 289 302 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.6 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present....................... 1,228 1,146 1,200 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.6 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,177 956 1,037 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 Women who maintain families (2)................... 748 729 708 7.7 6.9 8.2 7.5 7.5 7.5 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers (3)............................. 6,297 5,684 5,834 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.7 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,375 1,310 1,326 5.3 5.5 4.8 5.2 5.1 5.1 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................................. 3,559 3,707 3,426 3,677 3,486 3,336 3,361 3,412 3,531 On temporary layoff............................. 781 1,151 841 841 935 873 885 918 907 Not on temporary layoff......................... 2,779 2,555 2,585 2,836 2,552 2,462 2,477 2,494 2,624 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,020 1,855 1,840 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 758 700 745 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 864 819 817 894 841 839 849 817 846 Reentrants........................................ 2,232 2,182 2,041 2,348 2,430 2,314 2,313 2,158 2,180 New entrants...................................... 680 548 520 735 644 622 680 634 579 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................................ 48.5 51.1 50.4 48.0 47.1 46.9 46.7 48.6 49.5 On temporary layoff............................ 10.6 15.9 12.4 11.0 12.6 12.3 12.3 13.1 12.7 Not on temporary layoff........................ 37.9 35.2 38.0 37.1 34.5 34.6 34.4 35.5 36.8 Job leavers...................................... 11.8 11.3 12.0 11.7 11.4 11.8 11.8 11.6 11.9 Reentrants....................................... 30.4 30.1 30.0 30.7 32.8 32.5 32.1 30.7 30.5 New entrants..................................... 9.3 7.5 7.6 9.6 8.7 8.7 9.4 9.0 8.1 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................................ 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 Job leavers...................................... .6 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .6 Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 New entrants..................................... .5 .4 .3 .5 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 2,365 2,434 2,339 2,670 2,764 2,556 2,595 2,676 2,635 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 2,050 2,186 1,900 2,271 2,240 2,263 2,074 2,011 2,115 15 weeks and over................................. 2,920 2,634 2,566 2,688 2,417 2,241 2,482 2,333 2,373 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,242 1,282 1,169 1,091 1,068 1,090 1,126 1,044 1,046 27 weeks and over.............................. 1,677 1,352 1,396 1,597 1,350 1,151 1,356 1,288 1,327 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 21.1 17.8 18.0 19.6 17.3 16.8 17.6 16.9 16.8 Median duration, in weeks......................... 10.4 9.9 9.8 8.9 8.5 8.4 8.9 8.5 8.5 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 32.2 33.6 34.4 35.0 37.2 36.2 36.3 38.1 37.0 5 to 14 weeks................................... 27.9 30.1 27.9 29.8 30.2 32.1 29.0 28.6 29.7 15 weeks and over............................... 39.8 36.3 37.7 35.2 32.6 31.7 34.7 33.2 33.3 15 to 26 weeks................................ 16.9 17.7 17.2 14.3 14.4 15.4 15.7 14.9 14.7 27 weeks and over............................. 22.9 18.6 20.5 20.9 18.2 16.3 19.0 18.4 18.6 NOTE: Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 140,939 143,405 7,335 6,804 4.9 4.5 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 49,132 50,105 1,101 983 2.2 1.9 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 20,288 21,076 454 446 2.2 2.1 Professional and related occupations........................... 28,844 29,029 647 538 2.2 1.8 Service occupations.............................................. 22,609 23,577 1,524 1,501 6.3 6.0 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,962 36,108 1,813 1,580 4.8 4.2 Sales and related occupations.................................. 16,723 16,778 885 744 5.0 4.2 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,238 19,330 928 836 4.6 4.1 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 15,099 15,564 1,006 1,030 6.2 6.2 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 935 968 90 92 8.8 8.7 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 8,927 9,320 682 719 7.1 7.2 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 5,236 5,276 234 219 4.3 4.0 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 18,137 18,051 1,200 1,161 6.2 6.0 Production occupations......................................... 9,545 9,360 629 536 6.2 5.4 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,592 8,691 571 625 6.2 6.7 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry and class of worker (in thousands) Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total, 16 years and over (1).............................. 7,335 6,804 4.9 4.5 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................. 5,821 5,454 5.1 4.7 Mining......................................................... 19 17 2.9 2.5 Construction................................................... 693 674 7.4 6.9 Manufacturing.................................................. 793 745 4.8 4.5 Durable goods................................................ 450 414 4.3 3.9 Nondurable goods............................................. 343 331 5.6 5.6 Wholesale and retail trade..................................... 1,131 972 5.4 4.6 Transportation and utilities................................... 257 272 4.7 4.8 Information.................................................... 178 132 5.9 4.2 Financial activities........................................... 255 293 2.7 3.1 Professional and business services............................. 714 644 5.7 4.9 Education and health services.................................. 591 558 3.3 3.0 Leisure and hospitality........................................ 882 882 7.7 7.6 Other services................................................. 306 266 4.9 4.1 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......... 84 81 6.9 6.2 Government workers............................................... 478 414 2.3 2.0 Self employed and unpaid family workers.......................... 273 334 2.4 3.1 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Apr. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force........................................................... 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.6 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.............................................. 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate).................................................... 4.9 4.8 4.5 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.7 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.................................. 5.2 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.2 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.0 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................... 5.9 5.8 5.4 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers...................... 8.7 8.5 7.9 9.0 8.6 8.4 8.5 8.2 8.2 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. Apr. 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force................................ 77,167 77,990 29,363 29,611 47,803 48,379 Persons who currently want a job.......................... 5,022 4,648 2,235 2,027 2,787 2,622 Searched for work and available to work now (1).......... 1,511 1,310 784 658 728 651 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 393 381 270 230 122 151 Reasons other than discouragement (3).......... 1,119 928 513 428 605 500 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)............................... 7,437 7,360 3,758 3,795 3,680 3,565 Percent of total employed............................... 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.9 5.6 5.4 Primary job full time, secondary job part time.......... 3,849 3,894 2,119 2,265 1,731 1,629 Primary and secondary jobs both part time............... 1,708 1,716 578 496 1,130 1,219 Primary and secondary jobs both full time............... 301 259 176 190 125 69 Hours vary on primary or secondary job.................. 1,551 1,439 872 815 679 624 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2006, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. from: 2005 2006 2006p 2006p 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006p 2006p Mar. 2006- Apr. 2006p Total nonfarm......... 133,181 133,196 134,117 135,039 133,104 134,376 134,530 134,730 134,930 135,068 138 Total private........... 111,021 111,004 111,817 112,730 111,336 112,498 112,686 112,854 113,033 113,164 131 Goods-producing............. 21,924 21,803 21,959 22,211 22,119 22,282 22,335 22,373 22,388 22,425 37 Natural resources and mining.... 609 636 646 659 620 644 648 653 661 669 8 Logging...................... 58.5 59.9 58.9 58.2 65.3 62.0 62.1 62.3 63.2 64.2 1.0 Mining......................... 550.9 576.5 587.5 600.4 554.5 582.1 585.6 590.8 597.7 604.8 7.1 Oil and gas extraction........ 123.5 129.5 131.1 132.3 124.4 128.7 129.9 130.9 132.0 132.8 .8 Mining, except oil and gas(1). 209.8 206.8 211.0 215.4 211.1 214.3 214.4 216.0 217.6 217.8 .2 Coal mining.................. 72.4 76.6 78.1 78.3 72.9 75.4 76.0 77.2 78.5 78.8 .3 Support activities for mining. 217.6 240.2 245.4 252.7 219.0 239.1 241.3 243.9 248.1 254.2 6.1 Construction.................... 7,112 7,044 7,148 7,347 7,243 7,416 7,460 7,494 7,500 7,510 10 Construction of buildings..... 1,652.8 1,677.8 1,697.6 1,727.5 1,686.5 1,727.2 1,742.5 1,745.1 1,752.8 1,760.1 7.3 Residential building......... 924.2 941.7 951.1 967.0 943.2 966.8 976.4 978.8 982.4 985.7 3.3 Nonresidential building...... 728.6 736.1 746.5 760.5 743.3 760.4 766.1 766.3 770.4 774.4 4.0 Heavy and civil engineering construction................. 915.7 880.6 904.6 959.0 940.5 974.8 987.0 992.4 992.8 992.6 -.2 Specialty trade contractors... 4,543.5 4,485.7 4,545.6 4,660.5 4,615.7 4,714.3 4,730.8 4,756.3 4,753.9 4,756.9 3.0 Residential specialty trade contractors................. 2,223.6 2,231.6 2,249.2 2,295.2 2,252.6 2,347.3 2,358.8 2,368.6 2,352.3 2,350.5 -1.8 Nonresidential specialty trade contractors........... 2,319.9 2,254.1 2,296.4 2,365.3 2,363.1 2,367.0 2,372.0 2,387.7 2,401.6 2,406.4 4.8 Manufacturing................... 14,203 14,123 14,165 14,205 14,256 14,222 14,227 14,226 14,227 14,246 19 Production workers........... 10,012 10,080 10,123 10,160 10,053 10,123 10,155 10,164 10,175 10,187 12 Durable goods.................. 8,949 8,932 8,967 9,008 8,959 8,970 8,977 8,981 8,992 9,016 24 Production workers........... 6,192 6,293 6,331 6,366 6,195 6,299 6,323 6,331 6,348 6,363 15 Wood products................. 550.1 548.3 549.7 549.6 555.6 558.9 560.7 557.5 556.6 553.5 -3.1 Nonmetallic mineral products.. 505.7 487.0 496.1 506.1 507.1 500.7 505.1 506.5 508.6 509.0 .4 Primary metals................ 467.7 471.3 473.8 471.1 468.7 469.4 472.9 470.9 473.6 471.0 -2.6 Fabricated metal products..... 1,513.9 1,524.0 1,531.2 1,538.5 1,516.1 1,526.7 1,527.7 1,531.8 1,535.3 1,540.7 5.4 Machinery..................... 1,160.5 1,168.0 1,172.1 1,177.7 1,159.0 1,166.9 1,163.4 1,168.7 1,171.0 1,174.1 3.1 Computer and electronic products(1).................. 1,313.6 1,318.8 1,318.9 1,326.3 1,317.7 1,322.2 1,317.3 1,321.9 1,323.7 1,330.2 6.5 Computer and peripheral equipment................... 205.3 201.3 202.4 202.0 205.4 205.7 201.7 201.8 203.0 202.9 -.1 Communications equipment..... 146.9 149.0 148.7 149.6 147.5 149.2 147.3 148.8 149.2 149.8 .6 Semiconductors and electronic components.................. 449.4 451.0 452.4 457.9 451.0 451.0 451.2 453.1 454.8 459.3 4.5 Electronic instruments....... 434.2 444.5 443.2 444.9 435.9 441.7 443.1 445.0 444.2 446.2 2.0 Electrical equipment and appliances................... 436.4 437.9 439.9 439.7 437.1 434.4 436.5 437.6 439.3 440.4 1.1 Transportation equipment(1)... 1,785.8 1,769.4 1,773.1 1,789.0 1,781.5 1,776.7 1,781.6 1,771.7 1,769.5 1,783.4 13.9 Motor vehicles and parts(2).. 1,111.1 1,083.3 1,088.6 1,101.5 1,107.5 1,092.1 1,095.8 1,082.8 1,084.5 1,096.7 12.2 Furniture and related products 565.4 553.2 557.6 556.7 565.0 558.0 557.4 557.5 557.9 557.7 -.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing... 650.2 653.8 654.1 653.7 650.8 655.8 654.1 656.5 656.9 656.3 -.6 Nondurable goods............... 5,254 5,191 5,198 5,197 5,297 5,252 5,250 5,245 5,235 5,230 -5 Production workers........... 3,820 3,787 3,792 3,794 3,858 3,824 3,832 3,833 3,827 3,824 -3 Food manufacturing............ 1,442.9 1,434.1 1,434.1 1,436.7 1,476.8 1,466.0 1,463.4 1,462.6 1,461.0 1,463.7 2.7 Beverages and tobacco products 187.2 189.7 189.6 190.7 191.6 192.3 194.4 194.3 194.7 195.1 .4 Textile mills................. 220.7 205.1 204.2 202.1 219.6 209.0 208.6 206.3 203.8 201.6 -2.2 Textile product mills......... 173.4 172.4 173.1 173.3 171.6 173.9 175.4 173.9 172.6 171.6 -1.0 Apparel....................... 264.8 252.0 252.7 251.1 265.0 253.5 253.7 253.1 252.3 251.0 -1.3 Leather and allied products... 39.8 38.1 37.4 37.8 39.5 39.7 38.9 38.4 37.5 37.7 .2 Paper and paper products...... 485.1 475.5 474.4 470.2 488.0 478.1 477.7 477.3 475.1 472.6 -2.5 Printing and related support activities................... 648.3 638.8 642.9 641.4 650.9 644.0 643.4 644.1 644.5 643.1 -1.4 Petroleum and coal products... 112.3 109.6 111.0 113.9 113.0 112.3 111.5 112.9 113.2 114.3 1.1 Chemicals..................... 877.7 883.3 887.4 887.0 878.5 884.0 886.4 885.8 886.6 885.9 -.7 Plastics and rubber products.. 802.2 792.1 791.3 792.3 802.1 798.9 796.2 796.4 793.2 793.0 -.2 Service-providing........... 111,257 111,393 112,158 112,828 110,985 112,094 112,195 112,357 112,542 112,643 101 Private service-providing.. 89,097 89,201 89,858 90,519 89,217 90,216 90,351 90,481 90,645 90,739 94 Trade, transportation, and utilities...................... 25,665 25,649 25,768 25,836 25,861 26,015 26,042 26,048 26,077 26,063 -14 Wholesale trade................ 5,726.8 5,762.6 5,796.1 5,823.3 5,730.8 5,783.8 5,801.8 5,810.6 5,822.6 5,833.8 11.2 Durable goods................. 2,976.9 3,014.5 3,030.2 3,044.4 2,981.6 3,017.6 3,028.5 3,032.2 3,040.7 3,049.0 8.3 Nondurable goods.............. 2,020.2 2,006.5 2,018.2 2,027.9 2,020.8 2,023.9 2,025.6 2,030.4 2,031.3 2,031.5 .2 Electronic markets and agents and brokers.................. 729.7 741.6 747.7 751.0 728.4 742.3 747.7 748.0 750.6 753.3 2.7 Retail trade...................15,057.1 14,990.1 15,066.7 15,077.4 15,233.5 15,300.3 15,300.4 15,289.4 15,312.7 15,276.6 -36.1 Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)................... 1,914.9 1,888.0 1,898.6 1,902.1 1,918.1 1,914.7 1,910.2 1,911.6 1,911.0 1,906.7 -4.3 Automobile dealers........... 1,260.3 1,238.6 1,240.4 1,241.4 1,262.0 1,252.4 1,248.0 1,247.6 1,244.6 1,244.1 -.5 Furniture and home furnishings stores....................... 570.0 585.4 583.1 589.9 575.8 583.0 589.6 590.7 589.1 595.7 6.6 Electronics and appliance stores....................... 518.7 532.8 532.6 522.3 523.6 540.5 534.2 536.5 536.9 534.0 -2.9 Building material and garden supply stores................ 1,292.5 1,248.6 1,290.2 1,348.3 1,268.0 1,290.9 1,300.1 1,309.1 1,313.4 1,318.4 5.0 Food and beverage stores...... 2,788.9 2,776.9 2,773.0 2,783.4 2,819.6 2,805.9 2,805.9 2,807.4 2,807.9 2,807.3 -.6 Health and personal care stores....................... 946.8 952.6 955.4 950.8 952.7 966.1 959.4 955.9 960.6 958.3 -2.3 Gasoline stations............. 864.6 857.9 855.2 863.3 871.6 869.6 869.4 870.2 866.7 869.2 2.5 Clothing and clothing accessories stores........... 1,354.3 1,384.4 1,384.4 1,384.0 1,396.4 1,448.1 1,434.3 1,432.2 1,427.6 1,426.6 -1.0 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores............. 626.0 627.0 618.5 607.9 645.6 640.0 641.3 637.8 633.4 629.5 -3.9 General merchandise stores(1). 2,865.9 2,822.9 2,870.5 2,822.0 2,925.9 2,906.9 2,919.1 2,907.0 2,932.9 2,898.7 -34.2 Department stores............ 1,553.3 1,543.4 1,555.7 1,534.7 1,604.6 1,595.6 1,597.5 1,596.7 1,606.9 1,591.7 -15.2 Miscellaneous store retailers. 890.8 887.7 883.2 885.7 903.8 899.0 901.5 900.7 903.7 903.6 -.1 Nonstore retailers............ 423.7 425.9 422.0 417.7 432.4 435.6 435.4 430.3 429.5 428.6 -.9 Transportation and warehousing. 4,327.5 4,338.9 4,347.7 4,373.5 4,340.2 4,371.6 4,380.0 4,387.4 4,381.8 4,390.4 8.6 Air transportation............ 507.4 483.6 485.1 485.3 507.6 486.9 489.0 489.1 488.4 488.7 .3 Rail transportation........... 228.6 225.1 225.5 227.2 228.8 227.3 227.4 227.4 227.4 227.3 -.1 Water transportation.......... 59.4 59.8 60.4 62.4 59.3 63.7 63.4 63.0 62.9 63.0 .1 Truck transportation.......... 1,375.7 1,374.1 1,380.6 1,399.4 1,389.0 1,404.0 1,406.0 1,407.5 1,407.7 1,415.7 8.0 Transit and ground passenger transportation............... 406.3 409.2 409.7 405.2 387.6 392.2 394.1 394.6 393.5 388.1 -5.4 Pipeline transportation....... 37.7 37.3 37.5 37.7 37.8 37.0 37.4 37.5 37.7 37.8 .1 Scenic and sightseeing transportation............... 25.6 22.9 24.8 27.9 28.8 31.1 30.3 31.5 32.0 32.3 .3 Support activities for transportation............... 546.2 561.9 559.6 561.1 550.1 556.2 560.7 564.7 561.3 561.6 .3 Couriers and messengers....... 566.1 572.2 570.3 572.1 571.0 579.7 576.8 576.5 573.5 575.5 2.0 Warehousing and storage....... 574.5 592.8 594.2 595.2 580.2 593.5 594.9 595.6 597.4 600.4 3.0 Utilities...................... 553.4 557.5 557.4 561.5 556.0 559.7 559.3 560.4 559.4 562.1 2.7 Information..................... 3,062 3,056 3,063 3,059 3,072 3,066 3,065 3,073 3,073 3,071 -2 Publishing industries, except Internet..................... 898.8 901.5 903.2 900.7 902.1 902.5 901.5 903.9 904.3 904.1 -.2 Motion picture and sound recording industries......... 377.7 378.6 382.3 375.4 384.0 387.7 391.2 389.7 390.5 385.5 -5.0 Broadcasting, except Internet. 324.0 324.0 323.9 325.9 325.7 325.1 323.4 325.3 325.2 326.8 1.6 Internet publishing and broadcasting................. 30.8 30.7 30.1 30.4 30.6 30.4 29.6 30.7 30.2 30.3 .1 Telecommunications............ 1,003.0 994.3 991.8 992.4 1,002.5 993.3 991.3 994.6 992.7 992.9 .2 ISPs, search portals, and data processing................... 378.2 377.2 382.1 384.9 377.3 377.8 377.4 378.7 381.0 382.4 1.4 Other information services.... 49.9 49.3 49.2 49.6 50.0 49.6 50.4 49.6 49.3 49.4 .1 Financial activities............ 8,077 8,218 8,249 8,286 8,100 8,223 8,244 8,268 8,287 8,313 26 Finance and insurance.......... 5,977.9 6,094.9 6,118.6 6,136.5 5,982.9 6,068.2 6,081.8 6,103.8 6,123.0 6,143.6 20.6 Monetary authorities - central bank......................... 20.7 21.2 21.2 21.3 20.8 21.0 21.2 21.2 21.3 21.4 .1 Credit intermediation and related activities(1)........ 2,846.7 2,901.6 2,911.2 2,920.3 2,849.7 2,894.2 2,896.7 2,906.7 2,915.4 2,923.9 8.5 Depository credit intermediation(1)........... 1,761.7 1,800.9 1,808.6 1,813.6 1,763.5 1,793.2 1,793.0 1,803.3 1,811.1 1,815.8 4.7 Commercial banking.......... 1,291.2 1,309.6 1,317.3 1,319.3 1,292.3 1,306.0 1,303.3 1,311.4 1,318.4 1,319.6 1.2 Securities, commodity contracts, investments....... 779.5 796.2 798.7 798.4 781.7 790.4 792.9 795.9 798.0 799.6 1.6 Insurance carriers and related activities................... 2,246.1 2,287.8 2,298.8 2,308.0 2,246.4 2,274.8 2,283.5 2,292.2 2,300.4 2,310.5 10.1 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles........... 84.9 88.1 88.7 88.5 84.3 87.8 87.5 87.8 87.9 88.2 .3 Real estate and rental and leasing....................... 2,098.7 2,123.2 2,130.2 2,149.1 2,117.0 2,154.5 2,161.7 2,164.2 2,163.5 2,169.5 6.0 Real estate................... 1,429.5 1,466.7 1,468.8 1,483.7 1,441.9 1,481.6 1,490.5 1,492.3 1,491.4 1,498.4 7.0 Rental and leasing services... 642.3 629.1 633.7 637.2 648.2 645.0 643.3 643.9 643.8 642.7 -1.1 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............ 26.9 27.4 27.7 28.2 26.9 27.9 27.9 28.0 28.3 28.4 .1 Professional and business services....................... 16,777 16,823 16,996 17,201 16,780 17,121 17,127 17,156 17,205 17,233 28 Professional and technical services(1)................... 7,037.1 7,212.6 7,241.8 7,255.7 6,966.9 7,118.9 7,133.8 7,147.1 7,167.9 7,188.7 20.8 Legal services............... 1,157.4 1,151.2 1,156.1 1,154.0 1,165.0 1,160.8 1,161.8 1,161.0 1,163.8 1,163.4 -.4 Accounting and bookkeeping services.................... 936.2 978.3 966.6 950.5 833.3 859.0 847.0 846.2 845.3 847.1 1.8 Architectural and engineering services.................... 1,281.8 1,322.5 1,336.0 1,349.5 1,291.5 1,335.6 1,340.5 1,348.3 1,356.1 1,361.0 4.9 Computer systems design and related services............ 1,177.8 1,229.6 1,234.3 1,240.3 1,180.3 1,212.1 1,226.0 1,230.5 1,234.4 1,240.8 6.4 Management and technical consulting services......... 828.4 862.6 870.0 878.0 833.9 865.4 867.8 871.7 876.6 882.5 5.9 Management of companies and enterprises................... 1,746.3 1,759.1 1,762.6 1,774.0 1,752.5 1,756.7 1,772.6 1,771.0 1,772.8 1,775.4 2.6 Administrative and waste services...................... 7,993.1 7,851.3 7,991.2 8,171.1 8,060.8 8,245.1 8,220.1 8,237.5 8,264.1 8,268.8 4.7 Administrative and support services(1).................. 7,661.0 7,523.7 7,661.2 7,838.9 7,727.2 7,911.0 7,884.9 7,903.1 7,928.5 7,934.6 6.1 Employment services(1)....... 3,468.5 3,430.3 3,505.3 3,558.1 3,532.6 3,671.0 3,638.3 3,636.8 3,651.7 3,652.9 1.2 Temporary help services..... 2,449.5 2,438.1 2,486.8 2,533.4 2,504.6 2,628.1 2,605.6 2,602.0 2,612.1 2,611.4 -.7 Business support services.... 766.0 760.0 766.7 767.5 765.6 751.8 760.7 760.6 762.9 763.1 .2 Services to buildings and dwellings................... 1,717.5 1,598.4 1,648.2 1,772.8 1,715.9 1,751.1 1,750.0 1,761.6 1,766.9 1,774.3 7.4 Waste management and remediation services......... 332.1 327.6 330.0 332.2 333.6 334.1 335.2 334.4 335.6 334.2 -1.4 Education and health services... 17,418 17,700 17,766 17,815 17,241 17,507 17,544 17,585 17,621 17,656 35 Educational services........... 2,970.5 2,989.3 3,001.7 3,013.3 2,805.8 2,827.5 2,828.5 2,840.1 2,844.3 2,854.0 9.7 Health care and social assistance....................14,447.4 14,710.4 14,764.0 14,801.6 14,435.5 14,679.6 14,715.6 14,744.9 14,776.7 14,802.0 25.3 Health care(3).................12,226.0 12,446.6 12,488.1 12,515.0 12,243.8 12,435.8 12,465.9 12,490.3 12,516.2 12,539.4 23.2 Ambulatory health care services(1)................. 5,068.8 5,196.4 5,221.9 5,231.6 5,074.4 5,181.4 5,202.1 5,216.1 5,231.9 5,239.8 7.9 Offices of physicians....... 2,079.0 2,143.1 2,149.5 2,152.5 2,084.3 2,135.8 2,143.3 2,148.2 2,153.7 2,159.2 5.5 Outpatient care centers..... 468.0 485.8 488.3 489.2 467.8 484.1 485.9 486.9 488.0 489.2 1.2 Home health care services... 808.6 825.0 834.6 836.0 809.0 822.1 829.1 831.9 836.2 835.7 -.5 Hospitals.................... 4,319.2 4,383.5 4,394.7 4,399.3 4,325.5 4,382.5 4,387.3 4,393.0 4,402.2 4,408.7 6.5 Nursing and residential care facilities(1)............... 2,838.0 2,866.7 2,871.5 2,884.1 2,843.9 2,871.9 2,876.5 2,881.2 2,882.1 2,890.9 8.8 Nursing care facilities..... 1,571.9 1,572.9 1,577.1 1,582.1 1,576.6 1,582.5 1,583.5 1,583.4 1,582.3 1,586.1 3.8 Social assistance(1).......... 2,221.4 2,263.8 2,275.9 2,286.6 2,191.7 2,243.8 2,249.7 2,254.6 2,260.5 2,262.6 2.1 Child day care services...... 796.7 806.0 808.6 814.0 777.7 793.3 795.1 795.8 796.0 799.3 3.3 Leisure and hospitality......... 12,708 12,399 12,631 12,924 12,770 12,898 12,932 12,955 12,986 13,006 20 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................... 1,847.8 1,694.3 1,739.1 1,857.7 1,879.9 1,905.9 1,903.5 1,906.5 1,906.7 1,912.7 6.0 Performing arts and spectator sports....................... 378.4 337.5 343.3 381.8 371.7 362.1 356.3 364.9 364.6 371.9 7.3 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks.............. 119.2 110.6 113.6 121.9 120.5 121.6 121.4 121.9 121.8 123.2 1.4 Amusements, gambling, and recreation................... 1,350.2 1,246.2 1,282.2 1,354.0 1,387.7 1,422.2 1,425.8 1,419.7 1,420.3 1,417.6 -2.7 Accommodations and food services......................10,859.8 10,704.6 10,891.5 11,066.7 10,889.9 10,992.3 11,028.0 11,048.9 11,079.2 11,093.2 14.0 Accommodations................ 1,773.3 1,724.2 1,744.1 1,755.4 1,814.2 1,809.2 1,808.0 1,804.2 1,803.2 1,798.4 -4.8 Food services and drinking places....................... 9,086.5 8,980.4 9,147.4 9,311.3 9,075.7 9,183.1 9,220.0 9,244.7 9,276.0 9,294.8 18.8 Other services.................. 5,390 5,356 5,385 5,398 5,393 5,386 5,397 5,396 5,396 5,397 1 Repair and maintenance........ 1,241.1 1,236.4 1,246.5 1,254.9 1,237.5 1,241.4 1,240.7 1,242.8 1,244.6 1,248.8 4.2 Personal and laundry services. 1,283.1 1,261.0 1,264.3 1,272.3 1,278.7 1,270.3 1,278.4 1,275.5 1,270.1 1,268.6 -1.5 Membership associations and organizations................ 2,866.2 2,858.2 2,873.8 2,871.0 2,876.6 2,874.5 2,877.7 2,877.6 2,881.3 2,880.0 -1.3 Government...................... 22,160 22,192 22,300 22,309 21,768 21,878 21,844 21,876 21,897 21,904 7 Federal........................ 2,722 2,690 2,692 2,697 2,729 2,713 2,705 2,707 2,705 2,701 -4 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service...................... 1,951.8 1,924.3 1,926.8 1,932.7 1,955.3 1,941.2 1,935.6 1,938.8 1,937.4 1,937.9 .5 U.S. Postal Service........... 769.8 765.5 765.0 763.9 773.5 772.1 769.1 767.9 767.7 763.5 -4.2 State government............... 5,163 5,134 5,169 5,172 5,018 5,036 5,007 5,024 5,026 5,027 1 State government education.... 2,395.5 2,372.4 2,400.5 2,400.6 2,247.0 2,258.1 2,232.4 2,248.1 2,250.3 2,251.8 1.5 State government, excluding education.................... 2,767.8 2,761.4 2,768.9 2,771.0 2,770.6 2,777.4 2,774.9 2,775.7 2,775.7 2,774.7 -1.0 Local government............... 14,275 14,368 14,439 14,440 14,021 14,129 14,132 14,145 14,166 14,176 10 Local government education.... 8,160.6 8,236.0 8,277.6 8,259.1 7,838.6 7,906.9 7,902.6 7,911.9 7,922.1 7,928.4 6.3 Local government, excluding education.................... 6,114.1 6,131.6 6,161.2 6,180.7 6,182.1 6,222.2 6,228.9 6,233.2 6,243.5 6,247.1 3.6 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. from: 2005 2006 2006p 2006p 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006p 2006p Mar. 2006- Apr. 2006p Total private......................... 33.6 33.5 33.6 33.9 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.9 0.1 Goods-producing........................... 39.9 40.0 40.2 39.8 40.2 40.2 40.4 40.4 40.5 40.6 .1 Natural resources and mining.................. 45.4 44.8 44.6 45.3 45.6 45.6 46.1 45.2 44.9 45.4 .5 Construction.................................. 38.7 38.2 38.5 38.5 39.1 38.7 39.1 38.9 39.0 39.2 .2 Manufacturing................................. 40.3 40.7 41.0 40.3 40.5 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.1 41.1 .0 Overtime hours............................. 4.3 4.3 4.4 3.8 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 -.1 Durable goods................................ 40.7 41.1 41.4 40.6 40.9 41.2 41.3 41.4 41.4 41.6 .2 Overtime hours............................. 4.3 4.4 4.5 3.7 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.5 -.1 Wood products............................... 39.3 39.3 40.0 40.2 39.5 40.1 40.1 40.3 40.4 40.6 .2 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 41.8 42.0 42.6 43.0 41.9 42.7 43.1 42.9 43.1 43.3 .2 Primary metals.............................. 42.5 43.7 43.6 42.9 42.6 43.5 43.7 43.6 43.6 43.6 .0 Fabricated metal products................... 40.6 41.1 41.4 40.1 40.8 41.1 41.2 41.3 41.5 41.5 .0 Machinery................................... 41.9 41.9 42.2 41.6 42.0 41.9 41.8 42.1 42.1 42.7 .6 Computer and electronic products............ 39.4 40.2 40.5 40.1 39.8 40.3 40.5 40.4 40.5 40.6 .1 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 39.8 40.8 41.2 40.5 40.2 40.9 41.2 41.4 41.4 41.8 .4 Transportation equipment.................... 42.0 42.6 42.9 41.2 42.2 42.6 42.6 42.7 42.7 42.7 .0 Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 41.6 42.3 42.5 40.5 41.9 42.2 42.1 42.2 42.4 42.1 -.3 Furniture and related products.............. 39.1 38.3 38.4 37.9 39.3 38.3 38.2 38.5 38.5 38.4 -.1 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.8 38.7 38.7 37.7 38.9 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.5 38.5 .0 Nondurable goods............................. 39.5 40.1 40.3 39.9 39.9 40.2 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.4 -.1 Overtime hours............................. 4.1 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.4 -.1 Food manufacturing.......................... 38.3 39.0 39.5 39.0 39.0 39.3 39.6 39.7 40.0 39.8 -.2 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 41.0 39.5 40.0 40.0 40.3 40.0 39.9 39.9 40.1 39.8 -.3 Textile mills............................... 40.1 40.3 40.7 39.6 40.2 41.0 40.6 40.5 40.3 40.0 -.3 Textile product mills....................... 38.6 40.3 39.8 39.5 39.0 40.0 40.1 40.4 39.6 40.1 .5 Apparel..................................... 36.0 35.9 36.3 35.4 36.0 35.6 36.0 35.8 35.9 36.1 .2 Leather and allied products................. 38.2 39.1 39.9 38.6 37.8 39.4 39.4 39.3 39.4 39.0 -.4 Paper and paper products.................... 41.9 42.0 42.0 42.0 42.2 42.6 42.4 42.5 42.4 42.6 .2 Printing and related support activities..... 38.0 39.0 39.1 38.5 38.3 38.4 38.8 39.0 39.0 39.0 .0 Petroleum and coal products................. 45.1 43.9 44.3 44.6 46.1 44.5 45.0 44.6 44.9 44.6 -.3 Chemicals................................... 42.2 42.9 42.7 42.5 42.4 42.5 42.6 42.8 42.6 42.5 -.1 Plastics and rubber products................ 39.7 40.4 40.8 40.0 39.8 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.8 40.8 .0 Private service-providing................ 32.3 32.2 32.1 32.6 32.5 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.5 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.3 32.9 33.0 33.6 33.5 33.4 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.4 .1 Wholesale trade.............................. 37.6 37.6 37.6 38.4 37.8 37.9 37.8 37.9 37.9 38.1 .2 Retail trade................................. 30.4 29.9 30.0 30.6 30.7 30.5 30.5 30.4 30.4 30.5 .1 Transportation and warehousing............... 36.9 36.1 36.4 36.8 37.3 36.7 36.6 36.7 36.7 36.7 .0 Utilities.................................... 41.0 40.9 40.8 41.5 41.1 41.4 41.0 41.1 41.1 41.3 .2 Information................................... 36.2 36.4 36.4 36.7 36.5 36.6 36.6 36.5 36.7 36.5 -.2 Financial activities.......................... 35.8 35.5 35.3 36.3 36.0 35.9 36.0 35.7 35.7 35.7 .0 Professional and business services............ 34.1 34.4 34.3 34.8 34.2 34.3 34.6 34.5 34.4 34.8 .4 Education and health services................. 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.7 32.6 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6 .0 Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.5 25.3 25.3 25.7 25.8 25.6 25.7 25.6 25.6 25.6 .0 Other services................................ 30.9 30.8 30.8 31.1 31.1 30.9 30.9 30.9 31.0 31.1 .1 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. 2005 2006 2006p 2006p 2005 2006 2006p 2006p Total private........................... $16.01 $16.51 $16.52 $16.68 $537.94 $553.09 $555.07 $565.45 Seasonally adjusted.................... 16.00 16.47 16.52 16.61 540.80 556.69 558.38 563.08 Goods-producing............................. 17.48 17.72 17.73 17.83 697.45 708.80 712.75 709.63 Natural resources and mining.................... 18.65 19.41 19.60 19.77 846.71 869.57 874.16 895.58 Construction.................................... 19.33 19.57 19.54 19.62 748.07 747.57 752.29 755.37 Manufacturing................................... 16.46 16.71 16.72 16.77 663.34 680.10 685.52 675.83 Durable goods.................................. 17.20 17.54 17.56 17.59 700.04 720.89 726.98 714.15 Wood products................................. 13.16 13.16 13.17 13.29 517.19 517.19 526.80 534.26 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 16.69 16.55 16.62 16.71 697.64 695.10 708.01 718.53 Primary metals................................ 18.80 19.22 19.17 19.22 799.00 839.91 835.81 824.54 Fabricated metal products..................... 15.62 16.06 16.06 16.08 634.17 660.07 664.88 644.81 Machinery..................................... 16.98 17.01 17.00 16.94 711.46 712.72 717.40 704.70 Computer and electronic products.............. 18.22 18.75 18.81 19.03 717.87 753.75 761.81 763.10 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.08 15.48 15.40 15.47 600.18 631.58 634.48 626.54 Transportation equipment...................... 21.77 22.30 22.33 22.25 914.34 949.98 957.96 916.70 Furniture and related products................ 13.45 13.48 13.49 13.71 525.90 516.28 518.02 519.61 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 14.01 14.08 14.29 14.35 543.59 544.90 553.02 541.00 Nondurable goods............................... 15.23 15.31 15.27 15.38 601.59 613.93 615.38 613.66 Food manufacturing............................ 12.98 13.01 13.00 13.07 497.13 507.39 513.50 509.73 Beverages and tobacco products................ 19.38 18.24 18.14 18.44 794.58 720.48 725.60 737.60 Textile mills................................. 12.35 12.38 12.41 12.46 495.24 498.91 505.09 493.42 Textile product mills......................... 11.71 11.74 11.65 11.76 452.01 473.12 463.67 464.52 Apparel....................................... 10.10 10.59 10.63 10.70 363.60 380.18 385.87 378.78 Leather and allied products................... 11.44 11.00 11.10 10.96 437.01 430.10 442.89 423.06 Paper and paper products...................... 17.93 17.74 17.78 17.98 751.27 745.08 746.76 755.16 Printing and related support activities....... 15.60 15.69 15.77 15.75 592.80 611.91 616.61 606.38 Petroleum and coal products................... 24.09 24.78 24.85 25.29 1086.46 1087.84 1100.86 1127.93 Chemicals..................................... 19.62 19.92 19.65 19.86 827.96 854.57 839.06 844.05 Plastics and rubber products.................. 14.76 14.89 14.87 14.81 585.97 601.56 606.70 592.40 Private service-providing.................. 15.62 16.19 16.20 16.37 504.53 521.32 520.02 533.66 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.91 15.23 15.25 15.46 496.50 501.07 503.25 519.46 Wholesale trade................................ 18.03 18.65 18.61 18.89 677.93 701.24 699.74 725.38 Retail trade................................... 12.42 12.47 12.52 12.71 377.57 372.85 375.60 388.93 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.58 16.95 17.00 17.18 611.80 611.90 618.80 632.22 Utilities...................................... 26.49 27.60 27.68 27.63 1086.09 1128.84 1129.34 1146.65 Information..................................... 21.86 22.84 22.82 23.12 791.33 831.38 830.65 848.50 Financial activities............................ 17.85 18.45 18.45 18.72 639.03 654.98 651.29 679.54 Professional and business services.............. 17.91 18.77 18.82 19.15 610.73 645.69 645.53 666.42 Education and health services................... 16.57 17.14 17.18 17.24 536.87 555.34 556.63 563.75 Leisure and hospitality......................... 9.08 9.41 9.44 9.47 231.54 238.07 238.83 243.38 Other services.................................. 14.29 14.54 14.50 14.61 441.56 447.83 446.60 454.37 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from: 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006p 2006p Mar. 2006- Apr. 2006p Total private: Current dollars........................ $16.00 $16.35 $16.40 $16.47 $16.52 $16.61 0.5 Constant (1982) dollars(2)............. 8.17 8.20 8.17 8.20 8.19 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 17.52 17.77 17.79 17.80 17.82 17.86 .2 Natural resources and mining.................... 18.55 19.12 19.33 19.40 19.51 19.64 .7 Construction.................................... 19.38 19.65 19.63 19.66 19.65 19.66 .1 Manufacturing................................... 16.48 16.70 16.71 16.72 16.74 16.79 .3 Excluding overtime(4)........................ 15.63 15.83 15.84 15.83 15.85 15.92 .4 Durable goods.................................. 17.24 17.52 17.53 17.54 17.58 17.62 .2 Nondurable goods............................... 15.22 15.31 15.33 15.33 15.31 15.37 .4 Private service-providing.................. 15.60 15.97 16.03 16.11 16.17 16.27 .6 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.86 15.10 15.13 15.19 15.23 15.32 .6 Wholesale trade................................ 18.03 18.56 18.53 18.61 18.68 18.71 .2 Retail trade................................... 12.35 12.39 12.44 12.46 12.49 12.59 .8 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.60 16.87 16.91 16.99 17.02 17.16 .8 Utilities...................................... 26.42 27.34 27.48 27.54 27.62 27.50 -.4 Information..................................... 21.92 22.60 22.98 22.82 22.94 23.07 .6 Financial activities............................ 17.85 18.27 18.33 18.45 18.49 18.62 .7 Professional and business services.............. 17.94 18.42 18.54 18.66 18.81 18.98 .9 Education and health services................... 16.58 17.00 17.04 17.13 17.18 17.23 .3 Leisure and hospitality......................... 9.09 9.27 9.27 9.36 9.41 9.47 .6 Other services.................................. 14.26 14.47 14.48 14.50 14.49 14.50 .1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.1 percent from Feb. 2006 to Mar. 2006, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from: 2005 2006 2006p 2006p 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006p 2006p Mar. 2006- Apr. 2006p Total private......................... 101.4 101.3 102.5 104.4 102.4 103.7 104.0 104.2 104.4 104.9 0.5 Goods-producing........................... 96.9 97.2 98.6 99.1 98.6 100.1 101.1 101.3 101.8 102.2 .4 Natural resources and mining.................. 110.3 113.8 115.4 119.6 112.7 118.0 120.0 118.4 119.1 121.6 2.1 Construction.................................. 105.0 102.3 104.9 108.6 108.3 110.0 112.2 112.1 112.7 113.5 .7 Manufacturing................................. 92.6 94.2 95.3 94.0 93.4 94.8 95.3 95.6 96.0 96.1 .1 Durable goods................................ 94.7 97.2 98.5 97.1 95.2 97.5 98.1 98.5 98.7 99.5 .8 Wood products............................... 97.7 97.8 99.7 99.9 99.2 102.0 102.3 102.0 102.0 101.7 -.3 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 96.1 93.9 97.0 99.7 97.0 97.5 100.0 100.0 100.8 101.3 .5 Primary metals.............................. 92.1 96.2 96.7 94.3 92.5 95.1 96.4 95.8 96.5 95.7 -.8 Fabricated metal products................... 98.0 100.3 101.8 99.0 98.5 100.4 100.8 101.4 102.1 102.5 .4 Machinery................................... 98.1 99.5 100.5 100.0 98.0 99.3 98.9 100.0 100.1 102.1 2.0 Computer and electronic products............ 91.0 101.5 103.1 102.4 92.2 101.1 101.8 102.3 103.2 103.9 .7 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 84.7 88.4 89.6 88.1 85.6 87.7 89.1 89.5 90.1 91.2 1.2 Transportation equipment.................... 96.9 99.5 100.5 97.9 96.9 99.2 99.8 99.7 99.9 100.6 .7 Motor vehicles and parts(2)................ 95.1 94.7 95.5 92.2 95.3 95.2 95.3 94.3 95.0 95.1 .1 Furniture and related products.............. 91.3 88.3 89.5 88.6 91.7 88.9 88.7 89.7 90.0 90.0 .0 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 90.4 91.0 91.0 88.5 90.7 90.5 90.5 91.2 90.9 90.8 -.1 Nondurable goods............................. 88.9 89.4 90.0 89.2 90.7 90.5 90.9 91.2 91.3 91.0 -.3 Food manufacturing.......................... 91.5 92.9 93.7 93.0 95.8 95.8 96.4 96.7 97.1 97.0 -.1 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 91.5 96.5 96.3 97.2 93.3 98.0 99.7 100.3 100.8 100.2 -.6 Textile mills............................... 72.3 67.2 68.0 65.6 72.0 69.2 68.7 68.0 67.1 65.9 -1.8 Textile product mills....................... 89.7 95.1 93.5 92.1 89.7 94.3 96.2 95.5 92.6 92.7 .1 Apparel..................................... 68.5 64.4 65.6 63.4 68.2 63.9 65.3 64.5 64.6 64.5 -.2 Leather and allied products................. 78.0 76.7 77.0 76.0 77.0 81.2 80.0 77.9 76.5 76.8 .4 Paper and paper products.................... 86.6 85.7 85.8 84.5 87.8 87.2 86.8 87.2 86.9 86.4 -.6 Printing and related support activities..... 89.9 91.6 92.6 91.5 91.2 90.9 91.6 92.6 92.9 93.0 .1 Petroleum and coal products................. 102.3 94.4 96.5 98.4 105.8 97.6 98.4 99.3 100.0 98.7 -1.3 Chemicals................................... 96.5 99.3 99.8 99.1 97.0 97.6 98.8 99.2 99.3 98.9 -.4 Plastics and rubber products................ 91.9 92.0 93.0 91.4 92.0 92.9 92.8 92.9 93.2 93.2 .0 Private service-providing................ 102.7 102.8 103.3 105.8 103.6 104.6 104.9 105.1 105.3 105.8 .5 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 100.0 98.9 99.8 101.8 101.5 102.0 101.9 101.9 102.1 102.3 .2 Wholesale trade.............................. 100.5 101.8 102.4 105.2 101.2 103.1 103.1 103.7 103.8 104.6 .8 Retail trade................................. 98.6 96.6 97.5 99.5 100.9 100.7 100.9 100.5 100.7 100.7 .0 Transportation and warehousing............... 103.9 102.2 103.4 105.1 105.5 104.8 104.7 105.1 105.1 105.2 .1 Utilities.................................... 92.6 94.2 93.6 95.8 93.2 95.2 94.5 94.9 94.7 95.5 .8 Information................................... 98.3 99.9 100.3 100.9 99.5 100.6 100.7 100.5 101.1 100.5 -.6 Financial activities.......................... 103.2 104.6 104.6 108.3 104.2 105.8 106.4 105.9 106.4 107.0 .6 Professional and business services............ 104.5 106.4 107.2 110.3 105.0 108.0 109.1 109.0 109.0 110.6 1.5 Education and health services................. 106.1 107.7 108.1 109.4 105.7 106.7 107.0 107.3 107.9 108.1 .2 Leisure and hospitality....................... 104.4 101.0 103.1 107.3 106.3 106.5 107.4 107.1 107.4 107.7 .3 Other services................................ 96.2 95.2 95.9 97.0 96.9 96.0 96.2 96.3 96.8 97.0 .2 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. change from: 2005 2006 2006p 2006p 2005 2005 2006 2006 2006p 2006p Mar. 2006- Apr. 2006p Total private......................... 108.6 111.9 113.3 116.5 109.6 113.4 114.1 114.8 115.4 116.6 1.0 Goods-producing........................... 103.7 105.5 107.1 108.2 105.8 108.9 110.1 110.4 111.1 111.8 .6 Natural resources and mining.................. 119.6 128.5 131.6 137.6 121.6 131.2 134.9 133.6 135.1 138.9 2.8 Construction.................................. 109.6 108.2 110.7 115.0 113.4 116.7 118.9 119.0 119.6 120.5 .8 Manufacturing................................. 99.7 102.9 104.2 103.1 100.7 103.5 104.2 104.6 105.1 105.5 .4 Durable goods................................ 101.7 106.4 108.0 106.6 102.5 106.7 107.4 107.8 108.4 109.4 .9 Nondurable goods............................. 95.6 96.8 97.1 96.9 97.5 98.0 98.5 98.8 98.8 98.8 .0 Private service-providing................ 110.3 114.3 114.9 118.9 111.1 114.8 115.5 116.3 117.0 118.2 1.0 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 106.3 107.5 108.5 112.3 107.6 109.9 110.0 110.4 110.9 111.8 .8 Wholesale trade.............................. 106.8 111.9 112.2 117.0 107.5 112.8 112.6 113.7 114.3 115.3 .9 Retail trade................................. 105.0 103.2 104.6 108.4 106.8 106.9 107.6 107.3 107.8 108.7 .8 Transportation and warehousing............... 109.3 109.9 111.5 114.5 111.1 112.1 112.3 113.3 113.4 114.5 1.0 Utilities.................................... 102.4 108.5 108.1 110.5 102.8 108.6 108.3 109.1 109.1 109.6 .5 Information................................... 106.3 112.9 113.3 115.5 107.9 112.5 114.5 113.6 114.8 114.8 .0 Financial activities.......................... 113.9 119.3 119.3 125.4 115.0 119.5 120.6 120.9 121.7 123.1 1.2 Professional and business services............ 111.4 118.8 120.0 125.7 112.1 118.3 120.3 121.0 122.0 124.9 2.4 Education and health services................. 115.5 121.3 122.1 123.9 115.2 119.3 119.9 120.9 121.9 122.5 .5 Leisure and hospitality....................... 110.5 110.8 113.5 118.5 112.7 115.1 116.0 116.9 117.9 118.9 .8 Other services................................ 100.1 100.8 101.3 103.3 100.6 101.2 101.4 101.7 102.2 102.5 .3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2002 .............. 40.8 36.5 38.3 38.7 40.1 46.0 43.7 43.3 41.7 41.9 41.5 36.0 2003 .............. 44.1 37.9 34.9 38.3 42.8 38.8 37.6 39.7 50.7 49.8 52.0 51.3 2004 .............. 51.6 49.5 62.4 65.5 62.4 57.7 52.7 52.0 57.0 54.3 55.0 54.1 2005 .............. 50.7 57.7 56.7 54.7 54.5 56.7 59.2 54.1 51.4 53.4 61.7 58.6 2006 .............. 61.0 59.9 p60.6 p59.2 Over 3-month span: 2002 .............. 34.5 36.2 35.6 35.8 34.9 38.8 38.5 44.8 37.6 39.7 37.2 39.6 2003 .............. 40.6 34.2 34.7 32.7 35.3 41.7 38.5 33.8 42.6 47.8 49.8 50.5 2004 .............. 54.3 53.4 57.6 63.1 69.4 68.3 58.8 55.6 57.4 56.5 59.9 55.2 2005 .............. 52.9 56.7 59.2 60.4 56.8 60.8 60.4 59.7 57.9 52.2 57.0 63.7 2006 .............. 66.2 65.5 p61.9 p60.1 Over 6-month span: 2002 .............. 30.2 30.6 31.5 30.9 32.0 36.3 35.8 37.6 34.5 36.0 36.7 35.3 2003 .............. 34.4 31.8 31.8 34.0 32.7 36.2 33.3 32.4 40.5 45.3 46.4 47.7 2004 .............. 49.8 52.3 54.7 60.8 63.3 63.8 63.1 63.5 59.0 61.3 55.9 55.6 2005 .............. 55.4 57.7 57.4 58.8 55.2 58.6 60.8 59.5 60.6 57.7 58.5 60.6 2006 .............. 61.2 61.5 p62.8 p64.9 Over 12-month span: 2002 .............. 33.6 31.7 30.2 30.4 30.2 29.1 32.0 31.3 30.0 29.5 32.9 34.7 2003 .............. 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 34.2 35.1 32.7 33.1 37.1 36.7 37.2 39.2 2004 .............. 40.3 42.1 44.8 48.4 50.7 57.7 57.0 55.2 56.7 58.3 60.1 60.3 2005 .............. 60.1 61.0 59.5 58.6 58.6 59.4 60.8 61.0 60.8 58.3 58.8 62.1 2006 .............. 61.3 61.0 p62.4 p64.4 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2002 .............. 19.6 21.4 18.5 29.2 25.0 30.4 36.9 25.6 28.6 17.9 17.9 19.6 2003 .............. 32.7 19.6 19.6 10.7 23.2 19.0 19.6 29.2 28.6 36.3 42.3 40.5 2004 .............. 44.0 47.6 44.6 64.9 53.6 45.8 56.5 52.4 41.7 42.3 39.9 39.3 2005 .............. 39.3 38.7 38.7 42.3 44.6 34.5 47.6 35.7 45.2 43.5 50.0 52.4 2006 .............. 59.5 48.8 p52.4 p53.0 Over 3-month span: 2002 .............. 9.5 9.5 11.3 17.9 14.9 17.9 22.6 25.6 22.6 17.3 9.5 11.9 2003 .............. 18.5 11.3 12.5 8.3 7.7 11.3 14.9 15.5 16.7 27.4 32.1 35.7 2004 .............. 43.5 42.3 43.5 53.6 57.7 58.9 53.6 48.8 48.2 40.5 38.1 31.0 2005 .............. 35.7 39.9 42.9 39.9 37.5 41.1 39.3 35.7 39.9 36.3 36.9 50.0 2006 .............. 56.0 51.8 p50.0 p45.2 Over 6-month span: 2002 .............. 7.1 8.3 7.7 8.3 8.3 11.9 12.5 11.9 13.7 8.9 7.1 7.7 2003 .............. 11.3 11.3 8.3 9.5 10.7 9.5 6.0 8.9 13.7 18.5 24.4 23.8 2004 .............. 28.6 33.3 33.3 45.8 47.6 51.2 56.0 51.8 48.2 49.4 39.3 35.7 2005 .............. 36.9 36.9 35.1 33.3 33.3 32.7 36.9 36.9 41.1 41.7 39.3 42.3 2006 .............. 37.5 45.8 p47.6 p51.2 Over 12-month span: 2002 .............. 7.1 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.1 3.6 4.8 6.0 4.8 7.1 4.8 8.3 2003 .............. 10.7 6.0 6.5 6.0 8.3 7.1 7.1 8.3 10.7 10.7 9.5 10.7 2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.3 44.0 44.6 44.6 2005 .............. 44.6 44.6 41.7 40.5 39.9 33.3 32.7 31.0 32.1 39.3 35.7 40.5 2006 .............. 41.1 39.9 p41.1 p45.2 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.