Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 07-0159 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release http://www.bls.gov/ces/ is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, February 2, 2007. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JANUARY 2007 Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 111,000 in January, and the unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 4.6 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Job growth continued in sev- eral service-providing industries over the month, and construction employment also rose. The number of manufacturing jobs continued to decline. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons (7.0 million) and the unemployment rate (4.6 percent) were about unchanged in January. Over the month, the unemploy- ment rate for Hispanics (5.7 percent) increased, while the rates for the other major worker groups--adult men (4.1 percent), adult women (4.0 percent), teen- agers (15.0 percent), whites (4.1 percent), and blacks (8.0 percent)--were little changed. The unemployment rate for Asians was 3.2 percent, not season- ally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) In January, both total employment (146.0 million) and the employment-popu- lation ratio (63.3 percent) were essentially unchanged. The civilian labor force (153.0 million) and the labor force participation rate (66.3 percent) were also about the same as in December. The participation rate in January was 0.3 percentage point higher than a year earlier. (See table A-1.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally at- tached to the labor force in January--essentially unchanged from a year ago. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 442,000 discouraged workers in January, about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in January had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | Establishment and Household Data Changes | | | | The establishment survey data in this release have been revised | | as a result of the annual benchmarking process and the updating of | | seasonal adjustment factors. See the note beginning on page 5 for | | more information on the revisions. | | In addition, household survey data for January 2007 reflect updated| | population controls. See the note on page 6 for more information. | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) _______________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Dec.- Category | 2006 | 2006 | 2007 | Jan. |_________________|_________________|________| change | III | IV | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. | ________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |_____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force ....| 151,703| 152,425| 152,449| 152,775| 152,974| (1) Employment ............| 144,618| 145,629| 145,623| 145,926| 145,957| (1) Unemployment ..........| 7,086| 6,797| 6,826| 6,849| 7,017| (1) Not in labor force ......| 77,464| 77,471| 77,456| 77,333| 77,676| (1) |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |_____________________________________________________ All workers .............| 4.7| 4.5| 4.5| 4.5| 4.6| 0.1 Adult men .............| 4.0| 3.9| 3.9| 4.0| 4.1| .1 Adult women ...........| 4.2| 3.9| 4.0| 3.9| 4.0| .1 Teenagers .............| 16.1| 15.1| 15.1| 15.2| 15.0| -.2 White .................| 4.1| 3.9| 3.9| 4.0| 4.1| .1 Black or African | | | | | | American ............| 9.1| 8.5| 8.6| 8.4| 8.0| -.4 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity ...........| 5.3| 4.8| 5.0| 4.9| 5.7| .8 |________|________|________|________|________|________ ESTABLISHMENT DATA (2) | Employment |_____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment.......| 136,442|p136,944| 136,941|p137,147|p137,258| p111 Goods-producing (3)....| 22,625| p22,540| 22,525| p22,522| p22,529| p7 Construction ........| 7,716| p7,694| 7,683| p7,693| p7,715| p22 Manufacturing .......| 14,218| p14,145| 14,143| p14,125| p14,109| p-16 Service-providing (3)..| 113,817|p114,404| 114,416|p114,625|p114,729| p104 Retail trade (4).....| 15,298| p15,313| 15,328| p15,314| p15,318| p4 Professional and | | | | | | business services .| 17,615| p17,729| 17,726| p17,800| p17,825| p25 Education and health | | | | | | services ..........| 17,889| p18,021| 18,018| p18,068| p18,099| p31 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality .......| 13,184| p13,315| 13,324| p13,364| p13,387| p23 Government ..........| 22,030| p22,104| 22,106| p22,107| p22,121| p14 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | Hours of work (5) |_____________________________________________________ Total private ...........| 33.8| p33.9| 33.8| p33.9| p33.8| p-0.1 Manufacturing .........| 41.3| p41.1| 41.0| p41.0| p40.8| p-.2 Overtime ............| 4.4| p4.2| 4.1| p4.2| p4.1| p-.1 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(5) |_____________________________________________________ Total private ...........| 106.0| p106.5| 106.3| p106.8| p106.7| p-0.1 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | Earnings (5) |_____________________________________________________ Average hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private .........| $16.84| p$17.00| $16.99| p$17.06| p$17.09| p$0.03 Average weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private .........| 569.64| p575.62| 574.26| p578.33| p577.64| p-.69 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 1 Changes in household data levels are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls. See the note on page 6 for more information. 2 Establishment data have been revised to reflect March 2006 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. See the note on page 5 for more information. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 4 Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data. 5 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers. p = preliminary. - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) In January, total payroll employment increased by 111,000, to 137.3 million, seasonally adjusted. This increase followed gains of 196,000 in November and 206,000 in December (as revised). In 2006, payroll employment rose by an aver- age of 187,000 per month. In January, employment continued to increase in some service-providing industries. In addition, construction employment was up, while manufacturing employment continued to trend down. (See table B-1.) In the service-providing sector, health care employment was up by 18,000 in January, following a gain of 43,000 in December. In 2006, health care employ- ment increased by an average of 28,000 a month. In January, employment con- tinued to trend up in hospitals, ambulatory health care, and nursing and res- idential care facilities. Professional and business services employment continued to trend up in January (+25,000), following large gains that averaged 69,000 in the prior 2 months. Within this industry, employment in architectural and engineering services rose by 9,000 over the month. Food services employment was up by 21,000 in January. Over the past 12 months, the industry added 347,000 jobs. Employment continued to expand over the month in transportation and warehousing; the industry has gained 116,000 jobs over the year. Elsewhere in the service-providing sector, employment was essentially unchanged over the month in both wholesale and retail trade. Employment in financial activities was about unchanged; within the industry, insurance carriers lost 6,000 jobs. In information, employment was little changed following a large increase in December. In the goods-producing sector, construction employment was up by 22,000 in January. Employment gains in nonresidential building (9,000) and in nonresidential specialty trade contracting (19,000) more than offset small declines in residential construction. Since its peak in February 2006, residential specialty trade contracting has lost 104,000 jobs while its nonresidential counterpart has added 126,000 jobs. - 4 - Manufacturing employment continued to trend down over the month. Job losses continued in motor vehicles and parts (-23,000), in furniture and re- lated products (-4,000), and in textile mills (-4,000). Computer and peri- pheral equipment lost 6,000 jobs over the month. An increase in plastics and rubber employment reflected the return of workers from a strike. Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, mining employment was essentially unchanged. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours in January. Weekly hours for factory workers declined by 0.2 hour to 40.8 hours, while factory overtime hours decreased by 0.1 hour to 4.1 hours. Since peaking in July, the factory workweek fell by 0.7 hour. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers fell by 0.1 percent in January to 106.7 (2002=100). The manufacturing index fell by 0.8 percent to 94.4. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents, or 0.2 percent, in January to $17.09. This increase followed a gain of 7 cents in December. Average weekly earnings fell by 0.1 percent in January to $577.64. Over the year, both hourly earnings and weekly earnings rose by 4.0 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for February 2007 is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 9, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). - 5 - Revisions to Establishment Survey Data In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have been revised to reflect comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs, or benchmarks. These counts are derived principally from unemployment insurance tax records for March 2006. As a result of the benchmark process, all not seasonally adjusted data series were subject to revision from April 2005 forward, the time period since the last benchmark was established. In addition, with this release, the seasonally adjusted establishment survey data from January 2002 forward were subject to revision due to the introduction of updated seasonal adjustment factors. Table B presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis for January through December 2006. The revised data for April 2006 forward incorporate the effect of applying the rate of change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as updated net business birth/ death model adjustments and new seasonal adjustment factors. The November and December 2006 revisions also reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample receipts into the November final and December second preliminary esti- mates. The total nonfarm employment level for March 2006 was revised upward by 752,000 (754,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The previously published level for December 2006 was revised upward by 981,000 (933,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The February 2007 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article that discusses the benchmark and post-benchmark revisions. This issue also will provide revised estimates for all regularly published tables containing national establishment survey data on employment, hours, and earnings. LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all revised historical Current Employment Statistics (CES) data. The data, as well as the Employment and Earnings article and accompanying tables, can be accessed through the CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/. Information on the revisions released today also may be obtained by calling (202) 691-6555. Table B. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, January-December 2006, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) _______________________________________________________________________ | | | Levels | Over-the-month changes |---------------------|--------------------------------- Year and month| As | As | As | As | |previously| revised |previously| revised | Difference |published | |published | | _______________|__________|__________|__________|__________|___________ 2006 | | | | | January........| 134,530 | 135,110 | 154 | 206 | 52 February.......| 134,730 | 135,410 | 200 | 300 | 100 March..........| 134,905 | 135,659 | 175 | 249 | 74 April..........| 135,017 | 135,803 | 112 | 144 | 32 May............| 135,117 | 135,906 | 100 | 103 | 3 June...........| 135,251 | 136,030 | 134 | 124 | -10 July...........| 135,374 | 136,252 | 123 | 222 | 99 August.........| 135,604 | 136,438 | 230 | 186 | -44 September......| 135,807 | 136,636 | 203 | 198 | -5 October........| 135,893 | 136,745 | 86 | 109 | 23 November.......| 136,047 | 136,941 | 154 | 196 | 42 December(p)....| 136,214 | 137,147 | 167 | 206 | 39 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- p = preliminary. - 6 - Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey Effective with data for January 2007, updated population controls have been used in the household survey. Population controls for the household survey are developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the controls to reflect new information and assumptions about the growth of the population. The change in population reflected in the new controls results from adjustments to the estimates of net international migration and updated vital statistics information. Official population and labor force estimates for December 2006 and earlier months will not be revised. To assess the impact of the updated population controls on trend growth, however, December 2006 estimates for selected data series (not seasonally adjusted) were recalculated using the new controls. The differences from estimates based on the old controls are shown in table C. The adjustments increased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional popu- lation by 321,000, of the civilian labor force by 163,000, and of employment by 153,000; the new population controls had a negligible impact on unemployment rates and other percentage estimates. Table D shows the effect of the intro- duction of new population controls on the over-the-month changes between Decem- ber 2006 and January 2007. More detailed information on the population adjust- ments and their effect on national labor force estimates is available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps07adj.pdf on the Internet and also will be published in the February 2007 issue of Employment and Earnings. Table C. Effect of the revised population controls on December 2006 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | | | |Black or| | Hispanic Category |Total|Men|Women|White| African|Asian|or Latino | | | | |American| |ethnicity _________________________|_____|___|_____|_____|________|_____|_________ | | | | | | | Civilian noninstitutional| | | | | | | population............| 321 |123| 198 | 215 | 6 | 110 | 188 Civilian labor force...| 163 | 73| 90 | 101 | -3 | 74 | 133 Employed.............| 153 | 68| 85 | 94 | -4 | 72 | 124 Unemployed...........| 10 | 6| 4 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 9 Unemployment rate..| .0 | .0| .0 | .0 | .0 | .0 | .0 _________________________|_____|___|_____|_____|________|_____|_________ NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. - 7 - Table D. Effect of the revised population controls on the December 2006- January 2007 over-the-month changes in selected labor force measures (Numbers in thousands) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | Dec.-Jan. | 2007 | Category | change, |population| Adjusted | as | control | Dec.-Jan. | published | effect | change | | | --------------------------------------|-----------|----------|------------ | | | Civilian noninstitutional population..| 542 | 321 | 221 Civilian labor force................| 199 | 163 | 36 Participation rate..............| -.1 | .0 | -.1 Employed..........................| 31 | 153 | -122 Employment-population ratio.....| -.1 | .0 | -.1 Unemployed........................| 168 | 10 | 158 Unemployment rate...............| .1 | .0 | .1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 8 - Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the informa- tion on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 house- holds conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap- proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establish- ment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, pro- fession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. - 9 - Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri- vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and method- ological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the sur- veys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because in- dividuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The ef- fect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctua- tions may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by ad- justing the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make non- seasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to ana- lyze changes in economic activity. - 10 - Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super- sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in- dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di- rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the en- tire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 stand- ard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, oc- curred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of esti- mates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also im- prove the stability of the monthly estimates. - 11 - The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi- ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de- rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.05 percent to 0.6 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order pay- able to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household and establishment survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." For the establish- ment survey data, the sampling error measures and the actual size of re- visions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables 2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 227,553 230,108 230,650 227,553 229,420 229,675 229,905 230,108 230,650 Civilian labor force............................ 149,090 152,571 151,924 150,122 151,818 152,052 152,449 152,775 152,974 Participation rate........................ 65.5 66.3 65.9 66.0 66.2 66.2 66.3 66.4 66.3 Employed...................................... 141,481 146,081 144,275 143,099 144,906 145,337 145,623 145,926 145,957 Employment-population ratio............... 62.2 63.5 62.6 62.9 63.2 63.3 63.3 63.4 63.3 Unemployed.................................... 7,608 6,491 7,649 7,023 6,912 6,715 6,826 6,849 7,017 Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 4.3 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 Not in labor force.............................. 78,463 77,537 78,726 77,431 77,602 77,623 77,456 77,333 77,676 Persons who currently want a job.............. 5,095 4,121 4,633 4,932 4,643 4,759 4,778 4,506 4,520 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,936 111,288 111,528 109,936 110,925 111,059 111,180 111,288 111,528 Civilian labor force............................ 79,814 81,715 81,340 80,539 81,532 81,612 81,798 82,030 82,060 Participation rate........................ 72.6 73.4 72.9 73.3 73.5 73.5 73.6 73.7 73.6 Employed...................................... 75,605 78,030 76,934 76,864 77,920 77,985 78,148 78,311 78,237 Employment-population ratio............... 68.8 70.1 69.0 69.9 70.2 70.2 70.3 70.4 70.2 Unemployed.................................... 4,209 3,684 4,406 3,675 3,612 3,626 3,650 3,718 3,823 Unemployment rate......................... 5.3 4.5 5.4 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.7 Not in labor force.............................. 30,122 29,573 30,188 29,397 29,393 29,448 29,382 29,259 29,468 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,560 102,751 102,956 101,560 102,428 102,549 102,656 102,751 102,956 Civilian labor force............................ 76,513 78,198 77,991 76,927 77,823 77,936 78,123 78,334 78,384 Participation rate........................ 75.3 76.1 75.8 75.7 76.0 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.1 Employed...................................... 72,864 75,040 74,146 73,837 74,868 74,924 75,088 75,235 75,158 Employment-population ratio............... 71.7 73.0 72.0 72.7 73.1 73.1 73.1 73.2 73.0 Unemployed.................................... 3,648 3,158 3,845 3,090 2,954 3,012 3,036 3,100 3,226 Unemployment rate......................... 4.8 4.0 4.9 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 Not in labor force.............................. 25,047 24,553 24,965 24,632 24,606 24,613 24,533 24,417 24,572 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 117,617 118,820 119,122 117,617 118,495 118,616 118,724 118,820 119,122 Civilian labor force............................ 69,276 70,856 70,584 69,583 70,286 70,440 70,651 70,745 70,914 Participation rate........................ 58.9 59.6 59.3 59.2 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.5 59.5 Employed...................................... 65,876 68,050 67,341 66,235 66,986 67,352 67,475 67,615 67,720 Employment-population ratio............... 56.0 57.3 56.5 56.3 56.5 56.8 56.8 56.9 56.8 Unemployed.................................... 3,399 2,806 3,243 3,348 3,300 3,089 3,176 3,130 3,194 Unemployment rate......................... 4.9 4.0 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.5 Not in labor force.............................. 48,341 47,963 48,538 48,034 48,209 48,175 48,073 48,074 48,207 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,478 110,528 110,803 109,478 110,241 110,349 110,445 110,528 110,803 Civilian labor force............................ 65,929 67,412 67,270 66,016 66,754 66,851 67,024 67,132 67,361 Participation rate........................ 60.2 61.0 60.7 60.3 60.6 60.6 60.7 60.7 60.8 Employed...................................... 62,997 64,988 64,473 63,172 63,978 64,252 64,333 64,491 64,654 Employment-population ratio............... 57.5 58.8 58.2 57.7 58.0 58.2 58.2 58.3 58.4 Unemployed.................................... 2,933 2,424 2,797 2,844 2,776 2,599 2,691 2,641 2,707 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 Not in labor force.............................. 43,548 43,116 43,533 43,461 43,487 43,498 43,420 43,396 43,442 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 16,515 16,829 16,891 16,515 16,751 16,776 16,804 16,829 16,891 Civilian labor force............................ 6,648 6,961 6,663 7,178 7,242 7,264 7,301 7,309 7,228 Participation rate........................ 40.3 41.4 39.4 43.5 43.2 43.3 43.5 43.4 42.8 Employed...................................... 5,620 6,052 5,656 6,090 6,060 6,161 6,202 6,200 6,145 Employment-population ratio............... 34.0 36.0 33.5 36.9 36.2 36.7 36.9 36.8 36.4 Unemployed.................................... 1,028 909 1,007 1,089 1,182 1,104 1,099 1,108 1,083 Unemployment rate......................... 15.5 13.1 15.1 15.2 16.3 15.2 15.1 15.2 15.0 Not in labor force.............................. 9,867 9,868 10,228 9,337 9,509 9,512 9,502 9,520 9,662 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 185,436 187,115 187,471 185,436 186,669 186,840 186,988 187,115 187,471 Civilian labor force............................ 122,351 124,640 124,106 123,146 124,062 124,364 124,536 124,783 124,908 Participation rate.......................... 66.0 66.6 66.2 66.4 66.5 66.6 66.6 66.7 66.6 Employed...................................... 116,745 119,923 118,392 118,075 119,164 119,511 119,636 119,813 119,767 Employment-population ratio................. 63.0 64.1 63.2 63.7 63.8 64.0 64.0 64.0 63.9 Unemployed.................................... 5,605 4,717 5,714 5,072 4,898 4,853 4,900 4,970 5,141 Unemployment rate........................... 4.6 3.8 4.6 4.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 Not in labor force.............................. 63,085 62,475 63,365 62,290 62,607 62,476 62,452 62,333 62,562 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 63,890 64,994 64,733 64,262 64,594 64,792 64,935 65,084 65,109 Participation rate.......................... 76.0 76.6 76.1 76.4 76.3 76.5 76.6 76.7 76.6 Employed...................................... 61,100 62,615 61,806 61,945 62,465 62,613 62,712 62,766 62,693 Employment-population ratio................. 72.7 73.8 72.7 73.7 73.8 73.9 73.9 73.9 73.7 Unemployed.................................... 2,790 2,379 2,927 2,316 2,129 2,179 2,223 2,318 2,416 Unemployment rate........................... 4.4 3.7 4.5 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 52,900 53,836 53,829 52,884 53,497 53,614 53,594 53,633 53,809 Participation rate.......................... 59.7 60.3 60.2 59.7 60.0 60.1 60.1 60.1 60.1 Employed...................................... 50,847 52,201 51,804 50,915 51,552 51,740 51,700 51,795 51,877 Employment-population ratio................. 57.4 58.5 57.9 57.5 57.9 58.0 57.9 58.0 58.0 Unemployed.................................... 2,052 1,635 2,025 1,968 1,945 1,874 1,893 1,838 1,932 Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 3.0 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 5,561 5,810 5,543 6,001 5,970 5,958 6,008 6,066 5,990 Participation rate.......................... 43.6 44.9 42.7 47.1 46.3 46.1 46.4 46.8 46.1 Employed...................................... 4,798 5,106 4,782 5,214 5,147 5,158 5,223 5,252 5,197 Employment-population ratio................. 37.6 39.4 36.8 40.9 39.9 39.9 40.4 40.5 40.0 Unemployed.................................... 763 704 761 787 824 800 784 814 793 Unemployment rate........................... 13.7 12.1 13.7 13.1 13.8 13.4 13.1 13.4 13.2 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 26,788 27,231 27,276 26,788 27,109 27,153 27,193 27,231 27,276 Civilian labor force............................ 16,764 17,531 17,408 16,990 17,225 17,378 17,444 17,512 17,639 Participation rate.......................... 62.6 64.4 63.8 63.4 63.5 64.0 64.2 64.3 64.7 Employed...................................... 15,231 16,138 15,973 15,489 15,659 15,902 15,950 16,045 16,226 Employment-population ratio................. 56.9 59.3 58.6 57.8 57.8 58.6 58.7 58.9 59.5 Unemployed.................................... 1,532 1,393 1,435 1,501 1,565 1,476 1,494 1,466 1,412 Unemployment rate........................... 9.1 7.9 8.2 8.8 9.1 8.5 8.6 8.4 8.0 Not in labor force.............................. 10,024 9,700 9,868 9,798 9,884 9,774 9,749 9,719 9,637 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,473 7,824 7,839 7,527 7,731 7,747 7,778 7,812 7,893 Participation rate.......................... 69.4 71.4 71.5 69.9 70.9 70.9 71.1 71.3 72.0 Employed...................................... 6,840 7,253 7,188 6,958 7,098 7,109 7,170 7,240 7,304 Employment-population ratio................. 63.5 66.2 65.5 64.6 65.1 65.1 65.5 66.1 66.6 Unemployed.................................... 633 571 652 568 632 639 608 572 588 Unemployment rate........................... 8.5 7.3 8.3 7.6 8.2 8.2 7.8 7.3 7.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,587 8,875 8,818 8,673 8,657 8,721 8,798 8,840 8,891 Participation rate.......................... 63.7 64.9 64.4 64.3 63.6 63.9 64.4 64.7 64.9 Employed...................................... 7,892 8,221 8,244 7,983 7,988 8,122 8,152 8,171 8,316 Employment-population ratio................. 58.5 60.1 60.2 59.2 58.7 59.6 59.7 59.8 60.7 Unemployed.................................... 695 653 574 689 669 599 647 669 575 Unemployment rate........................... 8.1 7.4 6.5 7.9 7.7 6.9 7.4 7.6 6.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 703 832 750 791 837 910 868 860 855 Participation rate.......................... 27.9 32.0 28.7 31.3 32.4 35.1 33.4 33.0 32.7 Employed...................................... 499 664 541 548 573 671 629 634 606 Employment-population ratio................. 19.8 25.5 20.7 21.7 22.2 25.9 24.2 24.4 23.2 Unemployed.................................... 204 168 210 243 264 239 239 226 249 Unemployment rate........................... 29.0 20.2 27.9 30.7 31.6 26.3 27.6 26.2 29.1 ASIAN Civilian noninstutional population................ 9,990 10,257 10,394 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Civilian labor force............................ 6,565 6,824 6,901 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 65.7 66.5 66.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,357 6,657 6,680 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 63.6 64.9 64.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 208 167 220 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 3.2 2.4 3.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Not in labor force.............................. 3,425 3,433 3,493 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 29,622 30,596 30,877 29,622 30,324 30,416 30,508 30,596 30,877 Civilian labor force............................ 20,272 21,213 21,253 20,478 20,738 20,825 20,994 21,176 21,439 Participation rate.......................... 68.4 69.3 68.8 69.1 68.4 68.5 68.8 69.2 69.4 Employed...................................... 18,969 20,151 19,888 19,310 19,611 19,860 19,953 20,131 20,221 Employment-population ratio................. 64.0 65.9 64.4 65.2 64.7 65.3 65.4 65.8 65.5 Unemployed.................................... 1,303 1,061 1,365 1,169 1,127 965 1,042 1,045 1,218 Unemployment rate........................... 6.4 5.0 6.4 5.7 5.4 4.6 5.0 4.9 5.7 Not in labor force.............................. 9,349 9,383 9,624 9,143 9,586 9,591 9,513 9,419 9,438 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 11,647 12,162 12,214 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 84.3 85.2 84.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 11,002 11,618 11,506 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 79.6 81.4 79.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 645 544 708 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 5.5 4.5 5.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,605 7,916 7,933 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 58.2 58.8 58.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 7,142 7,588 7,489 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 54.7 56.4 55.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 464 328 444 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 6.1 4.1 5.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 1,020 1,134 1,106 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 37.3 39.7 38.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 825 946 892 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 30.2 33.1 30.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 195 189 214 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 19.1 16.6 19.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force.............................. 12,621 12,778 12,841 12,672 12,692 12,725 12,681 12,719 12,870 Participation rate............................ 45.9 47.0 46.9 46.1 45.7 46.5 46.4 46.8 47.0 Employed........................................ 11,580 11,862 11,807 11,784 11,873 11,993 11,855 11,877 11,993 Employment-population ratio................... 42.1 43.7 43.1 42.9 42.8 43.8 43.4 43.7 43.8 Unemployed...................................... 1,041 915 1,034 887 819 732 826 842 877 Unemployment rate............................. 8.2 7.2 8.1 7.0 6.5 5.8 6.5 6.6 6.8 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force.............................. 38,018 38,387 38,766 38,051 38,427 38,360 38,489 38,373 38,723 Participation rate............................ 62.5 63.0 62.8 62.6 63.2 63.2 63.0 63.0 62.8 Employed........................................ 36,075 36,744 36,866 36,377 36,800 36,780 36,837 36,722 37,083 Employment-population ratio................... 59.3 60.3 59.7 59.8 60.6 60.6 60.3 60.3 60.1 Unemployed...................................... 1,943 1,643 1,900 1,674 1,627 1,581 1,652 1,651 1,641 Unemployment rate............................. 5.1 4.3 4.9 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force.............................. 35,265 35,514 34,891 35,434 35,472 35,702 35,469 35,593 35,092 Participation rate............................ 71.9 72.3 71.8 72.3 72.5 72.4 72.4 72.5 72.2 Employed........................................ 33,917 34,344 33,481 34,183 34,201 34,486 34,293 34,393 33,802 Employment-population ratio................... 69.2 70.0 68.9 69.7 69.9 69.9 70.0 70.1 69.6 Unemployed...................................... 1,348 1,170 1,409 1,250 1,270 1,216 1,176 1,200 1,290 Unemployment rate............................. 3.8 3.3 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.7 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force.............................. 41,818 43,756 43,656 41,769 42,866 42,900 43,225 43,565 43,584 Participation rate............................ 78.2 78.4 78.4 78.2 78.0 77.7 78.0 78.1 78.2 Employed........................................ 40,907 43,001 42,713 40,890 41,994 42,088 42,423 42,742 42,673 Employment-population ratio................... 76.5 77.0 76.7 76.5 76.4 76.2 76.5 76.6 76.6 Unemployed...................................... 911 754 943 878 872 812 802 823 911 Unemployment rate............................. 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries................ 1,970 2,079 2,026 2,199 2,150 2,150 2,173 2,291 2,266 Wage and salary workers......................... 1,118 1,240 1,189 1,276 1,199 1,249 1,283 1,415 1,358 Self-employed workers........................... 834 825 828 898 946 882 869 879 890 Unpaid family workers........................... 17 13 9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries........................ 139,512 144,001 142,249 140,881 142,836 143,260 143,423 143,646 143,681 Wage and salary workers......................... 129,918 134,151 132,730 131,196 133,030 133,421 133,583 133,636 134,018 Government.................................... 19,970 20,871 20,964 19,972 20,525 20,658 20,753 20,734 20,902 Private industries............................ 109,948 113,280 111,766 111,245 112,515 112,759 112,811 112,888 113,050 Private households.......................... 839 722 749 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries............................ 109,109 112,558 111,017 110,411 111,757 111,990 112,057 112,147 112,309 Self-employed workers........................... 9,534 9,751 9,407 9,605 9,694 9,700 9,709 9,865 9,520 Unpaid family workers........................... 59 99 111 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons.................... 4,597 4,281 4,726 4,137 4,099 4,305 4,183 4,232 4,246 Slack work or business conditions............. 3,108 2,808 3,245 2,649 2,630 2,770 2,711 2,706 2,753 Could only find part-time work................ 1,182 1,156 1,137 1,217 1,151 1,203 1,168 1,234 1,185 Part time for noneconomic reasons............... 19,908 20,808 20,009 19,646 19,631 19,467 19,780 19,885 19,761 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons.................... 4,513 4,189 4,620 4,063 3,981 4,233 4,091 4,159 4,155 Slack work or business conditions............. 3,063 2,737 3,177 2,603 2,563 2,717 2,661 2,653 2,686 Could only find part-time work................ 1,170 1,149 1,126 1,193 1,142 1,196 1,140 1,221 1,165 Part time for noneconomic reasons............... 19,545 20,456 19,676 19,291 19,289 19,170 19,423 19,512 19,410 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over.......................... 141,481 146,081 144,275 143,099 144,906 145,337 145,623 145,926 145,957 16 to 19 years.................................. 5,620 6,052 5,656 6,090 6,060 6,161 6,202 6,200 6,145 16 to 17 years................................ 2,099 2,449 2,174 2,296 2,449 2,560 2,520 2,513 2,394 18 to 19 years................................ 3,522 3,603 3,482 3,790 3,608 3,598 3,665 3,655 3,734 20 years and over............................... 135,861 140,028 138,619 137,009 138,846 139,176 139,421 139,726 139,813 20 to 24 years................................ 13,382 14,076 13,752 13,725 13,928 13,849 13,905 14,073 14,086 25 years and over............................. 122,479 125,952 124,868 123,269 124,964 125,351 125,548 125,677 125,634 25 to 54 years.............................. 98,514 100,528 100,034 99,167 99,925 100,276 100,312 100,385 100,627 25 to 34 years............................ 30,541 31,324 31,132 30,861 31,126 31,236 31,237 31,283 31,411 35 to 44 years............................ 34,388 34,673 34,486 34,607 34,582 34,652 34,660 34,589 34,689 45 to 54 years............................ 33,585 34,530 34,416 33,699 34,217 34,388 34,415 34,513 34,527 55 years and over........................... 23,965 25,424 24,833 24,102 25,038 25,075 25,235 25,293 25,007 Men, 16 years and over............................ 75,605 78,030 76,934 76,864 77,920 77,985 78,148 78,311 78,237 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,741 2,991 2,788 3,027 3,051 3,061 3,060 3,077 3,079 16 to 17 years................................ 942 1,136 1,041 1,081 1,173 1,179 1,190 1,193 1,195 18 to 19 years................................ 1,799 1,855 1,746 1,937 1,865 1,878 1,855 1,872 1,881 20 years and over............................... 72,864 75,040 74,146 73,837 74,868 74,924 75,088 75,235 75,158 20 to 24 years................................ 7,057 7,420 7,186 7,309 7,485 7,428 7,429 7,468 7,457 25 years and over............................. 65,807 67,620 66,960 66,510 67,375 67,485 67,668 67,776 67,648 25 to 54 years.............................. 52,985 54,174 53,841 53,578 53,957 54,119 54,236 54,318 54,406 25 to 34 years............................ 16,855 17,328 17,103 17,088 17,201 17,179 17,213 17,338 17,325 35 to 44 years............................ 18,616 18,702 18,689 18,810 18,706 18,777 18,787 18,750 18,862 45 to 54 years............................ 17,514 18,145 18,049 17,680 18,050 18,162 18,237 18,231 18,220 55 years and over........................... 12,822 13,446 13,119 12,932 13,419 13,366 13,432 13,458 13,242 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 65,876 68,050 67,341 66,235 66,986 67,352 67,475 67,615 67,720 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,879 3,062 2,868 3,063 3,008 3,099 3,142 3,124 3,066 16 to 17 years................................ 1,157 1,313 1,132 1,215 1,276 1,382 1,330 1,319 1,198 18 to 19 years................................ 1,723 1,749 1,736 1,853 1,743 1,720 1,809 1,783 1,853 20 years and over............................... 62,997 64,988 64,473 63,172 63,978 64,252 64,333 64,491 64,654 20 to 24 years................................ 6,325 6,657 6,566 6,417 6,442 6,421 6,476 6,605 6,629 25 years and over............................. 56,672 58,332 57,907 56,758 57,589 57,866 57,880 57,902 57,986 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,529 46,354 46,193 45,589 45,969 46,157 46,076 46,066 46,221 25 to 34 years............................ 13,685 13,997 14,030 13,773 13,925 14,056 14,024 13,945 14,086 35 to 44 years............................ 15,772 15,971 15,796 15,797 15,877 15,874 15,874 15,839 15,828 45 to 54 years............................ 16,071 16,385 16,367 16,019 16,167 16,226 16,178 16,282 16,307 55 years and over........................... 11,143 11,978 11,714 11,170 11,620 11,709 11,804 11,835 11,765 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present....................... 45,530 46,055 45,947 45,696 45,645 45,548 45,802 45,864 46,066 Married women, spouse present..................... 35,388 35,864 35,808 35,166 35,421 35,277 35,363 35,383 35,536 Women who maintain families....................... 8,711 9,138 9,229 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers (2)............................. 116,395 120,371 119,094 118,234 120,447 120,889 120,812 120,716 120,965 Part-time workers (3)............................. 25,086 25,710 25,181 24,852 24,526 24,554 24,779 25,209 24,990 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders......................... 7,428 7,950 7,527 7,572 7,667 7,603 7,765 7,743 7,683 Percent of total employed..................... 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.3 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over.......................... 7,023 6,849 7,017 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,089 1,108 1,083 15.2 16.3 15.2 15.1 15.2 15.0 16 to 17 years................................ 447 511 487 16.3 18.0 17.6 17.3 16.9 16.9 18 to 19 years................................ 632 581 591 14.3 15.1 13.3 13.4 13.7 13.7 20 years and over............................... 5,934 5,740 5,933 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1 20 to 24 years................................ 1,224 1,213 1,240 8.2 8.0 8.4 8.4 7.9 8.1 25 years and over............................. 4,744 4,524 4,701 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 3,951 3,779 3,842 3.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 25 to 34 years............................ 1,513 1,406 1,550 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.7 35 to 44 years............................ 1,313 1,336 1,217 3.7 3.5 2.9 3.5 3.7 3.4 45 to 54 years............................ 1,125 1,037 1,075 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 55 years and over........................... 779 774 845 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.3 Men, 16 years and over............................ 3,675 3,718 3,823 4.6 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.7 16 to 19 years.................................. 585 619 596 16.2 17.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.2 16 to 17 years................................ 216 279 245 16.7 19.4 19.8 19.1 19.0 17.0 18 to 19 years................................ 354 324 343 15.5 16.8 14.0 14.4 14.8 15.4 20 years and over............................... 3,090 3,100 3,226 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.1 20 to 24 years................................ 711 675 687 8.9 8.3 8.9 8.6 8.3 8.4 25 years and over............................. 2,410 2,425 2,545 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,989 1,977 2,074 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 25 to 34 years............................ 770 768 866 4.3 4.1 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.8 35 to 44 years............................ 625 677 664 3.2 3.4 2.8 3.3 3.5 3.4 45 to 54 years............................ 594 532 544 3.3 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.9 55 years and over........................... 421 448 471 3.2 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.4 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,348 3,130 3,194 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.5 16 to 19 years.................................. 504 490 487 14.1 14.8 13.6 13.4 13.6 13.7 16 to 17 years................................ 231 232 242 16.0 16.7 15.6 15.7 14.9 16.8 18 to 19 years................................ 278 256 248 13.0 13.3 12.5 12.4 12.6 11.8 20 years and over............................... 2,844 2,641 2,707 4.3 4.2 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.0 20 to 24 years................................ 513 538 552 7.4 7.6 7.9 8.1 7.5 7.7 25 years and over............................. 2,334 2,099 2,156 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 1,962 1,802 1,768 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.7 25 to 34 years............................ 743 638 684 5.1 5.2 4.6 4.3 4.4 4.6 35 to 44 years............................ 688 659 553 4.2 3.6 3.1 3.7 4.0 3.4 45 to 54 years............................ 531 505 531 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.2 55 years and over (2)....................... 381 291 402 3.3 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.4 3.3 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present....................... 1,146 1,153 1,191 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,099 975 1,009 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.8 Women who maintain families (2)................... 778 602 652 8.2 6.8 6.5 6.9 6.2 6.6 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers (3)............................. 5,784 5,562 5,717 4.7 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,254 1,282 1,303 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.8 5.0 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................................. 3,990 3,374 4,127 3,374 3,195 3,088 3,179 3,236 3,440 On temporary layoff............................. 1,319 1,054 1,556 874 872 958 965 958 1,021 Not on temporary layoff......................... 2,671 2,320 2,571 2,500 2,323 2,130 2,214 2,278 2,420 Permanent job losers.......................... 1,861 1,654 1,699 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 810 666 872 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 831 730 793 826 804 783 793 807 797 Reentrants........................................ 2,252 1,916 2,192 2,277 2,292 2,249 2,279 2,199 2,230 New entrants...................................... 535 471 537 619 635 593 591 601 619 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................................ 52.4 52.0 54.0 47.5 46.1 46.0 46.5 47.3 48.6 On temporary layoff............................ 17.3 16.2 20.3 12.3 12.6 14.3 14.1 14.0 14.4 Not on temporary layoff........................ 35.1 35.7 33.6 35.2 33.5 31.7 32.4 33.3 34.1 Job leavers...................................... 10.9 11.3 10.4 11.6 11.6 11.7 11.6 11.8 11.2 Reentrants....................................... 29.6 29.5 28.7 32.1 33.1 33.5 33.3 32.1 31.5 New entrants..................................... 7.0 7.3 7.0 8.7 9.2 8.8 8.6 8.8 8.7 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs............................................ 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 Job leavers...................................... .6 .5 .5 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 New entrants..................................... .4 .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 .4 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 2,833 2,507 2,912 2,549 2,582 2,588 2,517 2,707 2,642 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 2,433 1,986 2,529 2,242 2,077 2,064 2,135 2,037 2,283 15 weeks and over................................. 2,343 1,997 2,208 2,255 2,264 2,062 2,152 2,081 2,118 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,143 945 1,044 1,085 1,010 974 1,006 991 986 27 weeks and over.............................. 1,200 1,052 1,164 1,170 1,254 1,088 1,145 1,090 1,133 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 16.0 15.9 15.5 16.8 17.2 16.4 16.3 15.9 16.2 Median duration, in weeks......................... 8.3 7.4 7.9 8.5 8.1 8.0 8.2 7.3 8.1 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 37.2 38.6 38.1 36.2 37.3 38.5 37.0 39.7 37.5 5 to 14 weeks................................... 32.0 30.6 33.1 31.8 30.0 30.7 31.4 29.8 32.4 15 weeks and over............................... 30.8 30.8 28.9 32.0 32.7 30.7 31.6 30.5 30.1 15 to 26 weeks................................ 15.0 14.6 13.6 15.4 14.6 14.5 14.8 14.5 14.0 27 weeks and over............................. 15.8 16.2 15.2 16.6 18.1 16.2 16.8 16.0 16.1 NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 141,481 144,275 7,608 7,649 5.1 5.0 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 50,131 51,761 1,078 1,071 2.1 2.0 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 21,074 21,813 424 426 2.0 1.9 Professional and related occupations........................... 29,056 29,948 654 644 2.2 2.1 Service occupations.............................................. 22,550 23,051 1,549 1,588 6.4 6.4 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,799 36,436 1,761 1,793 4.7 4.7 Sales and related occupations.................................. 16,315 17,103 949 872 5.5 4.9 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,484 19,333 812 920 4.0 4.5 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 15,088 15,300 1,275 1,329 7.8 8.0 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 851 894 161 140 15.9 13.5 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 9,102 9,304 915 961 9.1 9.4 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 5,135 5,101 199 229 3.7 4.3 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 17,914 17,727 1,365 1,301 7.1 6.8 Production occupations......................................... 9,450 9,041 665 586 6.6 6.1 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,464 8,686 700 715 7.6 7.6 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry and class of worker (in thousands) Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 2006 2007 2006 2007 Total, 16 years and over (1).............................. 7,608 7,649 5.1 5.0 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers.................. 6,135 6,132 5.3 5.2 Mining......................................................... 26 35 3.9 4.7 Construction................................................... 868 922 9.0 8.9 Manufacturing.................................................. 778 752 4.6 4.6 Durable goods................................................ 450 520 4.1 5.1 Nondurable goods............................................. 328 232 5.4 3.9 Wholesale and retail trade..................................... 1,203 1,166 5.7 5.5 Transportation and utilities................................... 287 248 5.0 4.2 Information.................................................... 105 143 3.3 4.0 Financial activities........................................... 233 233 2.4 2.4 Professional and business services............................. 825 885 6.5 6.5 Education and health services.................................. 593 563 3.2 2.9 Leisure and hospitality........................................ 910 911 8.1 7.8 Other services................................................. 308 275 4.9 4.7 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers.......... 140 128 11.5 10.0 Government workers............................................... 457 476 2.2 2.2 Self employed and unpaid family workers.......................... 341 376 3.2 3.5 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Jan. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2007 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force........................................................... 1.6 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.............................................. 2.7 2.2 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate).................................................... 5.1 4.3 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.................................. 5.4 4.4 5.3 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.9 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................... 6.1 5.0 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.6 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers...................... 9.2 7.8 9.1 8.4 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.3 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. 2006 2007 2006 2007 2006 2007 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force................................ 78,463 78,726 30,122 30,188 48,341 48,538 Persons who currently want a job.......................... 5,095 4,633 2,293 2,172 2,802 2,460 Searched for work and available to work now (1).......... 1,644 1,577 828 910 815 668 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)........... 396 442 216 277 180 164 Reasons other than discouragement (3).......... 1,248 1,136 613 632 636 503 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)............................... 7,428 7,527 3,803 3,743 3,626 3,784 Percent of total employed............................... 5.3 5.2 5.0 4.9 5.5 5.6 Primary job full time, secondary job part time.......... 3,953 4,106 2,211 2,328 1,743 1,779 Primary and secondary jobs both part time............... 1,682 1,752 574 516 1,108 1,235 Primary and secondary jobs both full time............... 289 273 191 184 99 88 Hours vary on primary or secondary job.................. 1,468 1,342 806 689 662 653 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2007, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. from: 2006 2006 2006p 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2007p Dec. 2006- Jan. 2007p Total nonfarm.......... 132,962 138,052 137,916 135,102 135,110 136,636 136,745 136,941 137,147 137,258 111 Total private............ 111,235 115,459 115,426 113,102 113,271 114,560 114,645 114,835 115,040 115,137 97 Goods-producing.............. 21,915 22,623 22,406 21,951 22,489 22,625 22,573 22,525 22,522 22,529 7 Natural resources and mining..... 639 703 700 689 655 694 700 699 704 705 1 Logging....................... 63.3 66.3 65.7 63.2 65.0 64.1 63.9 64.0 65.0 64.7 -.3 Mining.......................... 576.1 636.5 634.7 625.5 590.2 630.1 635.9 635.1 638.5 640.2 1.7 Oil and gas extraction......... 127.9 140.6 142.1 142.1 129.3 138.5 140.4 141.4 142.8 143.6 .8 Mining, except oil and gas (1). 206.7 223.4 218.8 213.2 216.6 222.7 223.5 221.8 222.3 223.5 1.2 Coal mining................... 76.2 78.8 80.0 79.7 76.5 79.1 79.7 79.4 79.9 80.2 .3 Support activities for mining.. 241.5 272.5 273.8 270.2 244.3 268.9 272.0 271.9 273.4 273.1 -.3 Construction..................... 7,182 7,768 7,573 7,278 7,615 7,725 7,707 7,683 7,693 7,715 22 Construction of buildings...... 1,731.6 1,811.1 1,787.0 1,740.4 1,789.6 1,818.8 1,814.5 1,801.8 1,797.0 1,799.0 2.0 Residential building.......... 975.3 1,020.8 1,008.8 971.4 1,005.9 1,028.5 1,028.2 1,016.7 1,010.9 1,004.3 -6.6 Nonresidential building....... 756.3 790.3 778.2 769.0 783.7 790.3 786.3 785.1 786.1 794.7 8.6 Heavy and civil engineering construction.................. 871.7 1,019.2 960.6 898.5 980.3 985.7 989.7 993.9 998.8 1,005.1 6.3 Specialty trade contractors.... 4,578.9 4,937.9 4,825.0 4,639.4 4,844.7 4,920.4 4,902.6 4,887.2 4,897.4 4,911.2 13.8 Residential specialty trade contractors.................. 2,291.0 2,359.8 2,293.4 2,198.2 2,408.7 2,377.2 2,340.5 2,335.1 2,331.0 2,326.2 -4.8 Nonresidential specialty trade contractors............ 2,287.9 2,578.1 2,531.6 2,441.2 2,436.0 2,543.2 2,562.1 2,552.1 2,566.4 2,585.0 18.6 Manufacturing.................... 14,094 14,152 14,133 13,984 14,219 14,206 14,166 14,143 14,125 14,109 -16 Production workers............ 10,055 10,133 10,127 9,979 10,153 10,185 10,139 10,117 10,114 10,081 -33 Durable goods................... 8,919 8,969 8,976 8,870 8,984 9,017 8,996 8,972 8,966 8,938 -28 Production workers............ 6,282 6,347 6,356 6,257 6,330 6,392 6,365 6,346 6,343 6,309 -34 Wood products.................. 561.4 541.3 536.3 529.6 572.3 555.6 548.3 542.9 539.8 539.7 -.1 Nonmetallic mineral products... 492.8 506.7 498.9 484.9 510.0 503.6 504.7 503.3 503.6 502.2 -1.4 Primary metals................. 465.4 454.2 454.2 452.3 466.1 460.2 459.5 455.8 454.2 453.3 -.9 Fabricated metal products...... 1,528.8 1,562.2 1,569.8 1,562.9 1,536.4 1,565.4 1,562.4 1,564.1 1,568.3 1,570.9 2.6 Machinery...................... 1,166.1 1,206.7 1,210.5 1,210.5 1,168.2 1,203.3 1,208.8 1,209.9 1,210.3 1,212.8 2.5 Computer and electronic products(1)................... 1,301.5 1,317.2 1,321.2 1,308.0 1,306.2 1,318.9 1,316.6 1,320.4 1,319.1 1,314.0 -5.1 Computer and peripheral equipment.................... 197.7 198.7 200.9 192.6 197.5 198.3 198.9 198.7 199.1 193.2 -5.9 Communications equipment...... 144.2 143.1 144.0 143.2 144.0 143.2 141.7 144.1 143.6 143.2 -.4 Semiconductors and electronic components................... 450.4 466.1 465.3 465.4 453.7 467.1 466.5 468.0 466.5 469.2 2.7 Electronic instruments........ 434.5 436.7 438.4 435.3 436.2 438.4 437.6 437.7 438.0 436.8 -1.2 Electrical equipment and appliances.................... 430.8 433.3 438.2 435.9 431.9 438.3 438.1 436.4 437.0 436.6 -.4 Transportation equipment (1)... 1,769.4 1,746.0 1,748.6 1,701.8 1,780.5 1,764.4 1,752.8 1,739.8 1,736.2 1,714.6 -21.6 Motor vehicles and parts (2).. 1,084.4 1,047.0 1,048.1 1,001.3 1,092.2 1,064.7 1,051.7 1,041.7 1,038.2 1,015.7 -22.5 Furniture and related products. 558.9 540.0 539.6 530.5 563.4 553.3 550.0 542.4 539.7 535.3 -4.4 Miscellaneous manufacturing.... 644.3 660.9 658.7 653.9 649.0 653.5 654.6 657.1 657.4 658.1 .7 Nondurable goods................ 5,175 5,183 5,157 5,114 5,235 5,189 5,170 5,171 5,159 5,171 12 Production workers............ 3,773 3,786 3,771 3,722 3,823 3,793 3,774 3,771 3,771 3,772 1 Food manufacturing............. 1,456.1 1,505.8 1,487.0 1,468.7 1,479.1 1,491.8 1,487.8 1,491.6 1,485.6 1,491.7 6.1 Beverages and tobacco products 190.2 195.4 193.6 192.3 194.6 195.6 196.4 195.4 195.3 196.0 .7 Textile mills.................. 205.6 186.0 184.8 178.8 208.9 188.0 187.5 186.3 185.3 181.5 -3.8 Textile product mills.......... 166.3 157.1 157.3 155.7 167.8 159.9 159.2 158.1 157.6 157.1 -.5 Apparel........................ 238.7 231.2 228.1 223.7 245.8 234.8 233.2 231.4 230.2 229.5 -.7 Leather and allied products.... 38.6 36.7 36.9 35.8 39.1 37.1 37.2 36.5 36.5 36.2 -.3 Paper and paper products....... 476.1 463.2 462.7 463.3 477.2 464.6 463.4 463.9 463.6 463.7 .1 Printing and related support activities.................... 633.1 638.0 639.7 628.7 638.6 632.5 633.2 637.2 636.1 634.4 -1.7 Petroleum and coal products.... 105.9 116.2 114.4 113.1 109.9 116.4 116.9 116.6 116.9 117.6 .7 Chemicals...................... 864.6 869.5 870.4 865.9 868.1 871.1 871.9 871.2 870.1 869.3 -.8 Plastics and rubber products... 799.3 784.1 781.8 788.3 805.5 796.8 783.2 782.7 781.7 794.0 12.3 Service-providing............ 111,047 115,429 115,510 113,151 112,621 114,011 114,172 114,416 114,625 114,729 104 Private service-providing... 89,320 92,836 93,020 91,151 90,782 91,935 92,072 92,310 92,518 92,608 90 Trade, transportation, and utilities....................... 25,968 26,773 26,956 26,166 26,157 26,241 26,258 26,320 26,338 26,351 13 Wholesale trade................. 5,793.4 5,937.4 5,957.9 5,897.7 5,840.5 5,919.2 5,919.6 5,934.7 5,951.8 5,947.0 -4.8 Durable goods.................. 3,031.5 3,093.0 3,106.4 3,092.3 3,046.3 3,093.8 3,093.6 3,097.7 3,104.6 3,107.3 2.7 Nondurable goods............... 1,999.3 2,056.0 2,054.3 2,017.7 2,026.6 2,041.3 2,040.8 2,048.5 2,052.2 2,046.7 -5.5 Electronic markets and agents and brokers................... 762.6 788.4 797.2 787.7 767.6 784.1 785.2 788.5 795.0 793.0 -2.0 Retail trade....................15,240.4 15,736.2 15,885.2 15,216.5 15,346.0 15,289.8 15,297.8 15,327.9 15,314.1 15,318.1 4.0 Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1).................... 1,881.3 1,904.9 1,898.3 1,878.8 1,907.5 1,906.2 1,906.4 1,904.2 1,908.0 1,905.8 -2.2 Automobile dealers............ 1,237.7 1,245.3 1,240.1 1,231.9 1,249.5 1,245.4 1,245.0 1,244.0 1,245.1 1,244.4 -.7 Furniture and home furnishings stores........................ 589.2 603.1 614.7 593.7 585.6 587.9 589.9 586.5 590.9 590.9 .0 Electronics and appliance stores........................ 547.9 553.5 552.7 537.4 541.9 535.8 534.0 531.6 530.5 532.6 2.1 Building material and garden supply stores................. 1,247.1 1,300.9 1,282.0 1,249.5 1,311.0 1,327.2 1,329.2 1,321.0 1,312.2 1,316.7 4.5 Food and beverage stores....... 2,801.7 2,871.7 2,881.1 2,837.1 2,815.8 2,832.1 2,833.8 2,842.4 2,845.1 2,849.3 4.2 Health and personal care stores........................ 954.4 969.9 974.0 960.5 955.6 956.2 954.8 962.6 958.6 961.1 2.5 Gasoline stations.............. 858.7 854.2 852.8 840.3 868.3 858.1 854.8 854.6 853.8 850.2 -3.6 Clothing and clothing accessories stores............ 1,439.6 1,548.3 1,610.6 1,468.5 1,432.8 1,437.4 1,443.1 1,467.3 1,467.7 1,461.0 -6.7 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores.............. 663.0 689.1 716.2 667.4 651.7 638.0 638.3 647.4 650.0 651.6 1.6 General merchandise stores (1). 2,945.7 3,065.7 3,109.9 2,877.4 2,952.4 2,894.9 2,893.8 2,882.9 2,873.6 2,882.3 8.7 Department stores............. 1,583.7 1,675.0 1,707.7 1,532.7 1,578.3 1,536.2 1,535.6 1,533.2 1,525.4 1,527.5 2.1 Miscellaneous store retailers.. 876.7 896.3 913.0 868.5 891.2 880.6 880.9 881.9 882.2 882.2 .0 Nonstore retailers............. 435.1 478.6 479.9 437.4 432.2 435.4 438.8 445.5 441.5 434.4 -7.1 Transportation and warehousing.. 4,386.7 4,552.8 4,565.0 4,504.8 4,420.7 4,484.4 4,493.8 4,509.6 4,523.3 4,536.6 13.3 Air transportation............. 483.6 483.7 488.7 486.1 488.1 488.1 488.1 484.5 489.3 490.5 1.2 Rail transportation............ 223.6 225.5 224.9 223.5 226.2 224.7 224.8 223.9 225.1 226.0 .9 Water transportation........... 61.2 64.9 66.9 65.3 63.1 65.5 65.6 66.8 67.9 67.2 -.7 Truck transportation........... 1,391.9 1,458.8 1,457.6 1,434.5 1,419.2 1,446.8 1,448.7 1,448.9 1,455.8 1,461.4 5.6 Transit and ground passenger transportation................ 407.7 408.8 405.8 403.7 396.5 394.2 392.3 393.2 390.0 392.2 2.2 Pipeline transportation........ 38.2 39.6 39.9 40.3 38.1 38.8 39.6 39.8 39.8 40.2 .4 Scenic and sightseeing transportation................ 19.6 25.0 22.7 21.1 26.8 26.6 26.6 28.3 28.5 29.0 .5 Support activities for transportation................ 561.8 576.5 577.3 571.1 564.6 571.0 572.9 577.9 575.1 574.2 -.9 Couriers and messengers........ 580.8 611.1 618.1 605.4 578.3 586.4 590.5 597.2 598.5 600.6 2.1 Warehousing and storage........ 618.3 658.9 663.1 653.8 619.8 642.3 644.7 649.1 653.3 655.3 2.0 Utilities....................... 547.9 547.0 548.1 547.1 549.8 547.8 546.9 548.2 549.2 548.8 -.4 Information...................... 3,033 3,065 3,087 3,057 3,052 3,052 3,054 3,057 3,071 3,074 3 Publishing industries, except Internet...................... 898.6 907.2 909.7 902.5 902.9 900.2 902.1 905.0 905.6 906.6 1.0 Motion picture and sound recording industries.......... 376.9 373.5 385.4 373.3 385.8 374.7 374.6 371.9 378.1 379.3 1.2 Broadcasting, except Internet.. 325.4 334.9 338.8 336.2 326.5 332.3 332.1 333.8 336.0 337.0 1.0 Internet publishing and broadcasting.................. 32.2 36.3 37.1 36.8 32.0 35.0 35.8 36.3 37.0 36.6 -.4 Telecommunications............. 970.9 975.8 977.6 974.6 973.7 974.2 975.0 973.5 977.6 977.5 -.1 ISPs, search portals, and data processing.................... 377.3 386.2 386.9 382.3 379.6 383.9 382.2 384.9 385.1 384.7 -.4 Other information services..... 51.7 51.4 51.9 51.7 51.7 51.3 51.8 51.6 52.0 51.8 -.2 Financial activities............. 8,214 8,416 8,433 8,379 8,271 8,408 8,415 8,422 8,434 8,438 4 Finance and insurance........... 6,089.8 6,229.6 6,241.9 6,218.8 6,107.0 6,219.6 6,227.1 6,228.9 6,237.8 6,237.5 -.3 Monetary authorities - central bank.......................... 21.0 21.8 21.7 21.7 21.0 21.7 21.8 21.7 21.8 21.7 -.1 Credit intermediation and related activities (1)........ 2,893.4 2,957.2 2,959.7 2,955.7 2,902.3 2,952.8 2,956.2 2,957.4 2,959.6 2,965.3 5.7 Depository credit intermediation (1)........... 1,775.6 1,815.8 1,823.2 1,823.9 1,776.2 1,812.4 1,818.3 1,819.6 1,824.6 1,825.2 .6 Commercial banking........... 1,294.8 1,329.6 1,335.2 1,334.9 1,295.4 1,328.1 1,334.5 1,333.0 1,336.3 1,336.2 -.1 Securities, commodity contracts, investments........ 798.3 831.8 830.2 827.0 800.1 825.4 830.4 829.2 829.0 829.1 .1 Insurance carriers and related activities.................... 2,287.7 2,324.3 2,334.9 2,320.4 2,293.4 2,324.8 2,324.0 2,326.0 2,332.3 2,326.6 -5.7 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles............ 89.4 94.5 95.4 94.0 90.2 94.9 94.7 94.6 95.1 94.8 -.3 Real estate and rental and leasing........................ 2,124.2 2,186.7 2,190.7 2,160.1 2,163.7 2,188.2 2,187.5 2,192.9 2,196.5 2,200.4 3.9 Real estate................... 1,468.5 1,511.0 1,516.6 1,493.4 1,494.4 1,506.4 1,505.0 1,512.4 1,517.0 1,519.2 2.2 Rental and leasing services.... 628.8 645.0 643.4 636.0 641.6 652.2 652.9 650.0 649.0 649.9 .9 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............. 26.9 30.7 30.7 30.7 27.7 29.6 29.6 30.5 30.5 31.3 .8 Professional and business services........................ 16,902 17,838 17,797 17,421 17,316 17,636 17,662 17,726 17,800 17,825 25 Professional and technical services (1)................... 7,256.5 7,443.9 7,512.3 7,541.1 7,243.8 7,420.1 7,438.5 7,469.6 7,505.2 7,523.7 18.5 Legal services................ 1,162.9 1,176.8 1,180.6 1,167.6 1,171.6 1,172.6 1,173.5 1,175.9 1,179.0 1,176.3 -2.7 Accounting and bookkeeping services..................... 961.8 862.0 918.5 1,021.1 872.8 893.1 893.7 914.5 924.6 927.0 2.4 Architectural and engineering services..................... 1,326.9 1,410.7 1,405.3 1,395.3 1,352.2 1,399.3 1,400.6 1,407.2 1,412.4 1,421.5 9.1 Computer systems design and related services............. 1,238.3 1,299.0 1,309.9 1,297.6 1,242.8 1,298.4 1,300.8 1,296.2 1,303.4 1,302.5 -.9 Management and technical consulting services.......... 881.3 955.7 966.9 951.8 892.5 926.4 944.2 949.3 958.6 961.9 3.3 Management of companies and enterprises.................... 1,779.5 1,824.2 1,829.6 1,815.9 1,791.6 1,822.3 1,826.8 1,823.0 1,826.8 1,829.9 3.1 Administrative and waste services....................... 7,866.2 8,570.3 8,455.4 8,063.9 8,280.1 8,393.9 8,396.2 8,433.8 8,467.9 8,471.3 3.4 Administrative and support services (1).................. 7,529.9 8,222.3 8,108.1 7,718.2 7,936.1 8,047.4 8,047.5 8,083.8 8,118.5 8,118.6 .1 Employment services (1)....... 3,424.4 3,791.0 3,741.2 3,461.4 3,646.8 3,653.3 3,641.2 3,665.5 3,678.0 3,675.5 -2.5 Temporary help services...... 2,456.7 2,722.7 2,703.9 2,487.3 2,631.8 2,623.5 2,621.1 2,631.3 2,651.6 2,657.3 5.7 Business support services..... 770.2 811.9 817.5 796.6 773.1 797.2 801.0 802.2 804.1 800.5 -3.6 Services to buildings and dwellings.................... 1,608.6 1,813.2 1,735.5 1,661.7 1,769.4 1,803.0 1,807.9 1,811.2 1,820.5 1,825.9 5.4 Waste management and remediation services.......... 336.3 348.0 347.3 345.7 344.0 346.5 348.7 350.0 349.4 352.7 3.3 Education and health service.s... 17,509 18,255 18,248 17,983 17,621 17,946 17,976 18,018 18,068 18,099 31 Educational services............ 2,798.5 3,151.3 3,098.1 2,884.1 2,871.1 2,949.4 2,944.2 2,951.4 2,954.9 2,961.0 6.1 Health care and social assistance.....................14,710.4 15,103.2 15,149.6 15,098.9 14,749.8 14,996.4 15,031.5 15,066.1 15,113.0 15,137.5 24.5 Health care (3)................12,433.4 12,760.2 12,808.0 12,762.5 12,467.3 12,679.6 12,706.7 12,734.1 12,776.7 12,795.1 18.4 Ambulatory health care services (1)................. 5,190.3 5,358.1 5,389.7 5,358.9 5,209.2 5,321.0 5,332.6 5,344.6 5,369.0 5,377.2 8.2 Offices of physicians........ 2,119.5 2,185.9 2,201.3 2,183.7 2,123.2 2,172.5 2,174.1 2,179.4 2,187.0 2,187.8 .8 Outpatient care centers...... 484.1 492.7 493.5 493.7 484.9 492.1 494.1 492.4 493.4 494.9 1.5 Home health care services.... 841.5 888.2 892.1 886.7 846.1 877.7 880.7 883.5 887.6 891.2 3.6 Hospitals..................... 4,376.7 4,466.4 4,471.5 4,468.5 4,382.9 4,451.7 4,458.2 4,461.7 4,468.8 4,474.9 6.1 Nursing and residential care facilities (1)............... 2,866.4 2,935.7 2,946.8 2,935.1 2,875.2 2,906.9 2,915.9 2,927.8 2,938.9 2,943.0 4.1 Nursing care facilities...... 1,574.2 1,597.0 1,600.0 1,593.8 1,579.3 1,584.7 1,587.5 1,591.8 1,595.6 1,598.0 2.4 Social assistance (1).......... 2,277.0 2,343.0 2,341.6 2,336.4 2,282.5 2,316.8 2,324.8 2,332.0 2,336.3 2,342.4 6.1 Child day care services....... 811.6 817.4 813.2 806.2 809.4 802.0 802.8 805.1 803.8 803.9 .1 Leisure and hospitality.......... 12,339 13,066 13,073 12,778 12,948 13,209 13,257 13,324 13,364 13,387 23 Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................... 1,678.1 1,806.2 1,802.8 1,735.9 1,902.1 1,923.7 1,939.9 1,947.4 1,954.3 1,961.8 7.5 Performing arts and spectator sports........................ 340.0 394.1 388.4 366.2 379.8 401.4 405.0 405.7 406.7 409.5 2.8 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks............... 110.3 122.4 120.6 118.3 121.2 125.6 125.7 126.4 127.1 129.2 2.1 Amusements, gambling, and recreation.................... 1,227.8 1,289.7 1,293.8 1,251.4 1,401.1 1,396.7 1,409.2 1,415.3 1,420.5 1,423.1 2.6 Accommodations and food services.......................10,660.8 11,259.5 11,270.4 11,042.2 11,045.9 11,284.8 11,316.9 11,376.8 11,409.6 11,425.6 16.0 Accommodations................. 1,735.1 1,797.5 1,801.8 1,770.0 1,823.4 1,847.0 1,845.3 1,854.4 1,860.9 1,856.0 -4.9 Food services and drinking places........................ 8,925.7 9,462.0 9,468.6 9,272.2 9,222.5 9,437.8 9,471.6 9,522.4 9,548.7 9,569.6 20.9 Other services................... 5,355 5,423 5,426 5,367 5,417 5,443 5,450 5,443 5,443 5,434 -9 Repair and maintenance......... 1,228.1 1,245.7 1,244.4 1,231.2 1,239.1 1,253.9 1,253.4 1,250.8 1,250.4 1,244.5 -5.9 Personal and laundry services.. 1,272.8 1,281.2 1,282.0 1,266.9 1,289.6 1,285.6 1,286.8 1,286.4 1,285.9 1,284.6 -1.3 Membership associations and organizations................. 2,853.9 2,896.0 2,899.8 2,868.6 2,888.5 2,903.1 2,909.3 2,905.4 2,906.3 2,904.5 -1.8 Government....................... 21,727 22,593 22,490 22,000 21,839 22,076 22,100 22,106 22,107 22,121 14 Federal......................... 2,705 2,720 2,723 2,692 2,725 2,729 2,725 2,719 2,712 2,714 2 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service....................... 1,935.4 1,948.1 1,938.6 1,928.1 1,952.8 1,959.0 1,954.7 1,949.5 1,947.8 1,947.2 -.6 U.S. Postal Service............ 769.4 771.5 784.2 764.0 772.3 770.2 770.2 769.0 764.5 766.8 2.3 State government................ 4,936 5,274 5,216 4,994 5,034 5,113 5,109 5,107 5,106 5,100 -6 State government education..... 2,177.4 2,491.5 2,435.0 2,217.5 2,257.4 2,321.1 2,314.3 2,313.1 2,311.2 2,304.4 -6.8 State government, excluding education..................... 2,758.8 2,782.9 2,781.4 2,776.6 2,776.6 2,791.5 2,794.3 2,793.5 2,794.5 2,795.2 .7 Local government................ 14,086 14,599 14,551 14,314 14,080 14,234 14,266 14,280 14,289 14,307 18 Local government education..... 7,990.3 8,365.5 8,345.1 8,138.6 7,874.3 7,970.7 7,995.1 8,003.7 8,014.5 8,022.9 8.4 Local government, excluding education..................... 6,095.6 6,233.9 6,205.9 6,174.9 6,205.5 6,263.0 6,270.9 6,276.3 6,274.2 6,284.1 9.9 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2006 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. from: 2006 2006 2006p 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2007p Dec. 2006- Jan. 2007p Total private......................... 33.8 33.8 33.9 33.4 33.8 33.8 33.9 33.8 33.9 33.8 -0.1 Goods-producing........................... 40.1 40.5 41.0 39.9 40.4 40.3 40.6 40.4 40.7 40.2 -.5 Natural resources and mining.................. 45.6 46.1 45.5 44.7 46.0 45.1 45.7 46.1 45.5 45.1 -.4 Construction.................................. 38.2 38.8 39.3 38.0 38.9 38.4 39.2 39.0 39.8 38.8 -1.0 Manufacturing................................. 40.9 41.2 41.6 40.7 40.9 41.1 41.2 41.0 41.0 40.8 -.2 Overtime hours............................. 4.3 4.3 4.6 3.9 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.1 -.1 Durable goods................................ 41.2 41.3 41.9 40.9 41.3 41.3 41.4 41.2 41.2 41.0 -.2 Overtime hours............................. 4.4 4.3 4.7 3.9 4.5 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.1 -.1 Wood products............................... 39.6 39.0 39.6 38.2 40.2 39.6 39.7 39.1 39.3 38.8 -.5 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 42.3 42.3 42.3 40.5 43.1 43.0 42.7 42.3 42.6 41.4 -1.2 Primary metals.............................. 44.1 43.5 44.0 43.3 43.7 43.5 43.6 43.5 43.3 42.9 -.4 Fabricated metal products................... 41.3 41.4 41.7 40.9 41.2 41.3 41.6 41.2 41.0 40.9 -.1 Machinery................................... 42.0 42.4 43.2 41.9 41.9 42.3 42.7 42.3 42.4 41.9 -.5 Computer and electronic products............ 40.3 40.5 41.3 40.2 40.5 40.4 40.4 40.2 40.4 40.3 -.1 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 41.2 41.1 41.6 41.1 41.2 40.7 40.8 40.7 40.4 41.0 .6 Transportation equipment.................... 42.6 42.6 43.7 42.5 42.5 42.6 42.4 42.5 42.6 42.6 .0 Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 42.1 41.7 42.9 41.7 42.1 42.0 41.7 41.5 41.8 41.8 .0 Furniture and related products.............. 38.0 39.1 39.7 38.9 38.2 38.8 39.2 39.0 39.1 39.1 .0 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 38.5 39.0 39.3 38.1 38.5 38.6 38.7 38.8 38.7 38.2 -.5 Nondurable goods............................. 40.3 40.9 41.1 40.5 40.3 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.6 40.5 -.1 Overtime hours............................. 4.3 4.4 4.5 3.9 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.1 -.2 Food manufacturing.......................... 39.5 41.2 41.2 40.2 39.6 40.3 40.4 40.5 40.5 40.4 -.1 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 39.3 41.0 40.4 40.4 40.0 40.7 40.8 40.9 40.8 41.1 .3 Textile mills............................... 40.8 40.3 41.4 40.5 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.4 40.9 40.5 -.4 Textile product mills....................... 40.4 40.1 39.8 39.2 40.2 39.8 39.2 39.8 39.0 39.1 .1 Apparel..................................... 35.7 37.1 36.8 37.6 35.9 36.7 37.0 36.9 36.9 37.7 .8 Leather and allied products................. 39.0 38.3 39.3 36.5 39.3 38.8 38.8 37.8 38.4 36.9 -1.5 Paper and paper products.................... 42.6 43.1 42.9 42.3 42.5 43.0 42.9 42.6 42.3 42.3 .0 Printing and related support activities..... 38.9 39.4 39.8 38.8 38.9 39.2 39.4 39.1 39.4 38.9 -.5 Petroleum and coal products................. 44.4 45.4 44.0 45.5 45.1 45.0 45.1 44.8 44.8 46.0 1.2 Chemicals................................... 42.9 42.0 42.4 41.8 42.6 43.0 42.5 41.9 42.0 41.7 -.3 Plastics and rubber products................ 40.6 40.5 41.3 40.7 40.5 40.5 40.7 40.6 40.6 40.6 .0 Private service-providing................ 32.5 32.3 32.4 32.0 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 .0 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.0 33.4 33.5 32.9 33.3 33.4 33.4 33.5 33.4 33.4 .0 Wholesale trade.............................. 37.9 38.0 38.0 37.6 37.8 37.9 38.0 38.0 38.1 38.0 -.1 Retail trade................................. 30.1 30.3 30.6 29.8 30.5 30.4 30.4 30.5 30.4 30.4 .0 Transportation and warehousing............... 36.4 37.1 37.0 36.6 36.6 36.9 36.9 36.9 36.8 37.1 .3 Utilities.................................... 40.7 41.9 41.9 41.7 41.2 41.4 41.8 41.9 42.0 42.0 .0 Information................................... 36.8 36.4 36.5 36.2 36.6 36.7 36.7 36.4 36.6 36.5 -.1 Financial activities.......................... 36.5 35.6 35.8 35.6 35.9 35.7 35.8 35.8 36.0 35.9 -.1 Professional and business services............ 34.6 34.6 34.5 34.0 34.6 34.7 34.7 34.6 34.6 34.5 -.1 Education and health services................. 32.8 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.4 32.5 32.4 32.5 .1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.3 25.3 25.4 24.7 25.7 25.8 25.7 25.6 25.8 25.6 -.2 Other services................................ 31.0 30.8 30.8 30.7 31.0 30.8 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 .0 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2006 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. 2006 2006 2006p 2007p 2006 2006 2006p 2007p Total private........................... $16.53 $16.99 $17.08 $17.17 $558.71 $574.26 $579.01 $573.48 Seasonally adjusted.................... 16.43 16.99 17.06 17.09 555.33 574.26 578.33 577.64 Goods-producing............................. 17.73 18.26 18.38 18.26 710.97 739.53 753.58 728.57 Natural resources and mining.................... 19.44 20.45 20.65 20.79 886.46 942.75 939.58 929.31 Construction.................................... 19.49 20.42 20.52 20.39 744.52 792.30 806.44 774.82 Manufacturing................................... 16.74 16.93 17.10 17.02 684.67 697.52 711.36 692.71 Durable goods.................................. 17.55 17.87 18.05 17.94 723.06 738.03 756.30 733.75 Wood products................................. 13.15 13.67 13.63 13.62 520.74 533.13 539.75 520.28 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 16.50 16.51 16.73 16.77 697.95 698.37 707.68 679.19 Primary metals................................ 19.39 19.73 19.43 19.12 855.10 858.26 854.92 827.90 Fabricated metal products..................... 16.12 16.29 16.49 16.40 665.76 674.41 687.63 670.76 Machinery..................................... 17.07 17.56 17.77 17.70 716.94 744.54 767.66 741.63 Computer and electronic products.............. 18.69 19.22 19.51 19.45 753.21 778.41 805.76 781.89 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 15.47 15.53 15.69 15.74 637.36 638.28 652.70 646.91 Transportation equipment...................... 22.32 22.57 22.75 22.51 950.83 961.48 994.18 956.68 Furniture and related products................ 13.55 14.12 14.38 14.38 514.90 552.09 570.89 559.38 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 14.07 14.38 14.45 14.54 541.70 560.82 567.89 553.97 Nondurable goods............................... 15.37 15.34 15.47 15.46 619.41 627.41 635.82 626.13 Food manufacturing............................ 13.09 13.18 13.32 13.40 517.06 543.02 548.78 538.68 Beverages and tobacco products................ 18.35 18.20 18.36 17.93 721.16 746.20 741.74 724.37 Textile mills................................. 12.50 12.74 12.64 12.79 510.00 513.42 523.30 518.00 Textile product mills......................... 11.80 11.98 11.92 11.88 476.72 480.40 474.42 465.70 Apparel....................................... 10.63 10.53 10.61 10.74 379.49 390.66 390.45 403.82 Leather and allied products................... 11.24 11.58 11.69 11.85 438.36 443.51 459.42 432.53 Paper and paper products...................... 17.89 18.05 18.25 18.22 762.11 777.96 782.93 770.71 Printing and related support activities....... 15.90 15.93 15.92 15.93 618.51 627.64 633.62 618.08 Petroleum and coal products................... 24.54 24.44 23.99 24.76 1089.58 1109.58 1055.56 1126.58 Chemicals..................................... 19.97 19.61 19.88 19.70 856.71 823.62 842.91 823.46 Plastics and rubber products.................. 14.94 15.04 15.18 14.95 606.56 609.12 626.93 608.47 Private service-providing.................. 16.22 16.65 16.73 16.88 527.15 537.80 542.05 540.16 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.18 15.44 15.43 15.61 500.94 515.70 516.91 513.57 Wholesale trade................................ 18.64 19.16 19.22 19.24 706.46 728.08 730.36 723.42 Retail trade................................... 12.46 12.52 12.53 12.69 375.05 379.36 383.42 378.16 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.90 17.48 17.49 17.51 615.16 648.51 647.13 640.87 Utilities...................................... 27.49 27.44 27.44 27.40 1118.84 1149.74 1149.74 1142.58 Information..................................... 23.04 23.53 23.68 23.82 847.87 856.49 864.32 862.28 Financial activities............................ 18.45 19.19 19.28 19.28 673.43 683.16 690.22 686.37 Professional and business services.............. 18.87 19.44 19.66 19.81 652.90 672.62 678.27 673.54 Education and health services................... 17.08 17.62 17.67 17.81 560.22 570.89 572.51 577.04 Leisure and hospitality......................... 9.54 10.00 10.13 10.12 241.36 253.00 257.30 249.96 Other services.................................. 14.58 14.93 15.05 15.08 451.98 459.84 463.54 462.96 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2006 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. change from: 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2007p Dec. 2006- Jan. 2007p Total private: Current dollars........................ $16.43 $16.88 $16.94 $16.99 $17.06 $17.09 0.2 Constant (1982) dollars (2)............ 8.18 8.25 8.34 8.37 8.35 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 17.79 18.08 18.15 18.21 18.29 18.32 .2 Natural resources and mining.................... 19.30 20.11 20.26 20.43 20.56 20.62 .3 Construction.................................... 19.63 20.17 20.24 20.37 20.43 20.51 .4 Manufacturing................................... 16.69 16.83 16.88 16.89 16.96 16.97 .1 Excluding overtime (4)....................... 15.82 15.99 16.04 16.09 16.13 16.16 .2 Durable goods.................................. 17.51 17.73 17.78 17.79 17.87 17.90 .2 Nondurable goods............................... 15.31 15.29 15.33 15.35 15.40 15.40 .0 Private service-providing.................. 16.07 16.56 16.62 16.67 16.73 16.77 .2 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 15.13 15.52 15.55 15.54 15.58 15.60 .1 Wholesale trade................................ 18.54 19.10 19.09 19.14 19.19 19.22 .2 Retail trade................................... 12.43 12.65 12.69 12.64 12.67 12.68 .1 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.91 17.47 17.47 17.50 17.55 17.54 -.1 Utilities...................................... 27.48 27.35 27.39 27.47 27.39 27.42 .1 Information..................................... 22.95 23.44 23.51 23.47 23.59 23.69 .4 Financial activities............................ 18.34 19.02 19.11 19.20 19.29 19.29 .0 Professional and business services.............. 18.57 19.31 19.42 19.51 19.62 19.63 .1 Education and health services................... 17.06 17.51 17.56 17.63 17.67 17.77 .6 Leisure and hospitality......................... 9.46 9.83 9.87 9.94 10.00 10.03 .3 Other services.................................. 14.54 14.86 14.89 14.94 15.01 15.05 .3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.2 percent from Nov. 2006 to Dec. 2006, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2006 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. change from: 2006 2006 2006p 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2007p Dec. 2006- Jan. 2007p Total private......................... 102.4 107.0 107.2 103.3 104.5 106.0 106.3 106.3 106.8 106.7 -0.1 Goods-producing........................... 98.1 102.8 102.9 97.6 101.9 102.4 102.7 102.0 102.7 101.5 -1.2 Natural resources and mining.................. 117.0 130.3 127.9 122.8 121.2 126.3 128.2 129.1 128.4 127.3 -.9 Construction.................................. 104.5 115.6 113.3 104.9 114.1 113.7 115.4 114.7 116.8 114.7 -1.8 Manufacturing................................. 94.4 95.8 96.7 93.2 95.3 96.1 95.9 95.2 95.2 94.4 -.8 Durable goods................................ 97.2 98.5 100.1 96.2 98.2 99.2 99.0 98.2 98.2 97.2 -1.0 Wood products............................... 101.1 93.6 93.5 88.8 104.6 98.8 96.5 94.1 93.4 92.1 -1.4 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 95.2 97.9 96.2 88.9 101.2 98.6 97.9 97.1 98.0 94.6 -3.5 Primary metals.............................. 95.7 91.9 93.3 91.5 94.9 93.3 93.0 92.3 91.8 90.8 -1.1 Fabricated metal products................... 101.1 103.9 105.1 102.5 101.3 103.9 104.4 103.5 103.2 103.0 -.2 Machinery................................... 99.7 105.2 107.5 103.8 99.5 104.7 106.2 105.2 105.3 103.8 -1.4 Computer and electronic products............ 100.4 105.4 107.9 103.3 101.1 105.4 105.2 104.5 104.9 103.8 -1.0 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 88.1 88.6 91.2 89.7 87.8 88.6 89.1 88.3 88.2 89.3 1.2 Transportation equipment.................... 99.1 98.5 101.7 95.5 99.5 99.5 98.4 98.0 98.2 96.7 -1.5 Motor vehicles and parts (2)............... 94.4 89.0 91.9 84.4 95.0 91.6 89.4 88.2 88.6 85.8 -3.2 Furniture and related products.............. 88.3 87.7 89.1 86.0 89.6 89.5 89.5 88.1 87.9 87.3 -.7 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 89.0 93.2 93.8 90.2 89.8 91.0 91.3 92.0 92.2 91.3 -1.0 Nondurable goods............................. 89.5 91.2 91.3 88.8 90.7 90.9 90.5 90.2 90.2 90.0 -.2 Food manufacturing.......................... 95.4 103.8 102.5 98.1 97.3 100.4 100.3 100.6 100.5 100.4 -.1 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 95.7 99.6 98.3 96.2 100.1 98.5 98.4 99.1 99.6 99.9 .3 Textile mills............................... 68.0 62.3 63.3 59.8 69.0 63.3 62.8 62.3 62.7 60.6 -3.3 Textile product mills....................... 92.7 83.5 82.5 79.6 93.2 85.2 83.7 83.5 81.3 80.7 -.7 Apparel..................................... 60.7 63.3 62.1 62.3 63.2 63.3 63.5 63.2 63.1 64.3 1.9 Leather and allied products................. 78.6 73.4 76.6 69.0 80.3 73.3 73.1 71.5 74.1 70.2 -5.3 Paper and paper products.................... 86.8 86.0 85.6 84.3 87.0 86.0 85.5 85.0 84.4 84.5 .1 Printing and related support activities..... 90.2 94.3 96.2 91.7 91.1 92.7 93.6 93.4 94.5 92.7 -1.9 Petroleum and coal products................. 91.7 95.8 91.4 92.2 97.3 97.4 96.8 95.1 95.4 97.6 2.3 Chemicals................................... 96.9 93.8 94.8 92.3 96.6 97.4 96.1 93.9 94.1 92.8 -1.4 Plastics and rubber products................ 93.1 91.1 92.8 92.3 93.8 92.6 91.3 91.1 91.2 92.9 1.9 Private service-providing................ 103.8 107.9 108.4 104.7 105.4 107.0 107.2 107.5 107.8 108.0 .2 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 100.6 105.5 106.7 101.3 102.4 103.0 103.1 103.7 103.5 103.6 .1 Wholesale trade.............................. 103.2 106.5 106.9 104.6 103.9 105.6 106.0 106.4 107.0 106.8 -.2 Retail trade................................. 99.1 103.5 105.8 98.1 101.2 100.4 100.4 101.0 100.7 100.8 .1 Transportation and warehousing............... 104.3 110.7 110.7 107.9 105.8 108.6 108.9 109.1 109.1 110.3 1.1 Utilities.................................... 91.7 94.6 94.4 93.7 93.3 93.7 94.6 94.8 95.0 94.8 -.2 Information................................... 100.2 100.7 101.4 99.5 100.3 101.3 101.1 100.5 101.1 100.9 -.2 Financial activities.......................... 107.4 108.6 109.5 108.0 106.4 108.5 109.1 109.3 110.1 109.8 -.3 Professional and business services............ 107.2 114.0 113.4 109.1 110.3 112.8 112.9 113.2 113.8 113.7 -.1 Education and health services................. 107.8 111.3 111.2 109.6 107.5 109.8 109.6 110.2 110.1 110.7 .5 Leisure and hospitality....................... 100.4 106.9 107.4 101.8 107.5 110.3 110.3 110.5 111.7 111.1 -.5 Other services................................ 95.5 97.0 97.2 95.9 96.8 97.3 97.9 97.8 97.9 97.9 .0 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 2006 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers (1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Jan. Nov. Dec. Jan. Jan. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. change from: 2006 2006 2006p 2007p 2006 2006 2006 2006 2006p 2007p Dec. 2006- Jan. 2007p Total private......................... 113.1 121.4 122.4 118.5 114.8 119.6 120.4 120.7 121.8 121.8 0.0 Goods-producing........................... 106.5 115.0 115.8 109.1 111.0 113.4 114.1 113.7 115.0 113.8 -1.0 Natural resources and mining.................. 132.3 155.0 153.6 148.5 136.1 147.7 151.1 153.4 153.5 152.6 -.6 Construction.................................. 110.0 127.5 125.6 115.5 120.9 123.9 126.2 126.2 128.8 127.0 -1.4 Manufacturing................................. 103.3 106.1 108.1 103.8 104.0 105.7 105.8 105.2 105.6 104.8 -.8 Durable goods................................ 106.5 109.9 112.8 107.7 107.4 109.8 109.9 109.1 109.5 108.6 -.8 Nondurable goods............................. 97.3 98.9 99.8 97.0 98.2 98.2 98.0 97.8 98.1 97.9 -.2 Private service-providing................ 115.4 123.1 124.4 121.2 116.1 121.5 122.1 122.9 123.6 124.1 .4 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 109.0 116.2 117.4 112.8 110.5 114.1 114.4 115.0 115.1 115.3 .2 Wholesale trade.............................. 113.3 120.2 121.0 118.6 113.5 118.9 119.2 120.0 121.0 120.9 -.1 Retail trade................................. 105.8 111.1 113.6 106.7 107.8 108.8 109.2 109.4 109.3 109.5 .2 Transportation and warehousing............... 111.8 122.8 122.8 119.8 113.5 120.3 120.6 121.1 121.5 122.7 1.0 Utilities.................................... 105.3 108.3 108.2 107.1 107.0 107.0 108.1 108.7 108.6 108.5 -.1 Information................................... 114.2 117.3 118.9 117.3 113.9 117.5 117.7 116.8 118.1 118.3 .2 Financial activities.......................... 122.5 128.9 130.5 128.8 120.7 127.6 128.9 129.7 131.3 131.0 -.2 Professional and business services............ 120.4 131.9 132.6 128.5 121.8 129.6 130.4 131.4 132.9 132.8 -.1 Education and health services................. 121.0 128.9 129.2 128.4 120.6 126.4 126.5 127.7 127.9 129.3 1.1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 108.8 121.3 123.5 117.0 115.5 123.1 123.6 124.7 126.9 126.6 -.2 Other services................................ 101.5 105.6 106.6 105.4 102.6 105.4 106.2 106.5 107.1 107.4 .3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 2006 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries (1) Over 1-month span: 2003 .............. 43.5 37.2 33.6 38.8 40.8 38.5 39.2 41.7 48.0 50.2 52.2 52.9 2004 .............. 51.6 50.2 62.1 64.9 59.9 57.6 56.5 51.4 56.5 55.0 51.4 55.6 2005 .............. 52.5 61.3 52.7 60.8 54.9 58.5 59.0 60.4 53.6 53.1 62.2 60.4 2006 .............. 64.2 64.6 64.0 62.8 56.7 55.9 59.4 55.9 55.8 57.7 53.6 p56.1 2007 .............. p55.8 Over 3-month span: 2003 .............. 39.6 33.8 34.9 33.8 35.3 42.3 39.2 34.4 42.6 48.6 48.7 50.2 2004 .............. 55.9 53.2 57.0 64.2 70.3 65.6 59.9 55.2 57.9 59.0 60.4 55.8 2005 .............. 51.3 55.9 56.8 61.3 57.2 59.4 62.8 63.7 59.9 53.4 57.2 62.2 2006 .............. 70.5 66.7 66.0 66.9 63.3 62.4 60.3 62.6 57.7 59.0 57.7 p57.9 2007 .............. p62.1 Over 6-month span: 2003 .............. 34.7 33.1 31.1 33.3 33.5 36.5 32.7 32.4 40.8 44.8 47.7 47.5 2004 .............. 49.8 51.8 55.0 60.8 63.5 63.7 63.3 62.6 58.3 62.1 55.4 55.2 2005 .............. 54.1 57.2 57.6 56.3 56.5 58.1 65.8 63.8 61.9 59.2 62.8 60.8 2006 .............. 63.8 63.3 67.1 68.2 67.1 67.1 63.5 62.9 62.6 62.1 61.5 p59.2 2007 .............. p61.0 Over 12-month span: 2003 .............. 34.5 31.5 32.9 33.5 34.2 35.1 32.7 33.1 37.1 36.7 37.2 39.2 2004 .............. 40.3 42.1 44.8 48.4 50.7 57.7 57.0 55.2 56.7 58.3 60.1 60.3 2005 .............. 60.1 61.0 59.5 58.8 58.3 60.3 60.6 62.8 60.3 58.8 59.7 61.3 2006 .............. 67.3 65.3 66.0 64.7 65.8 65.3 67.6 66.4 66.5 66.4 65.5 p65.3 2007 .............. p64.0 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 2003 .............. 34.5 17.3 17.3 10.7 22.0 17.3 17.3 31.5 26.8 38.1 42.3 42.3 2004 .............. 41.1 45.2 47.0 63.1 50.0 48.2 56.5 43.5 41.7 43.5 40.5 42.3 2005 .............. 36.9 48.2 43.5 48.2 38.7 37.5 42.3 45.8 44.0 44.6 48.2 51.8 2006 .............. 63.1 48.2 56.0 53.0 47.0 58.9 51.2 44.6 40.5 47.6 43.5 p34.5 2007 .............. p44.6 Over 3-month span: 2003 .............. 15.5 11.3 13.7 9.5 8.9 11.9 15.5 15.5 17.9 29.2 30.4 33.3 2004 .............. 45.2 42.9 43.5 57.7 60.1 58.3 55.4 46.4 47.0 42.9 42.9 37.5 2005 .............. 35.1 39.9 40.5 42.3 35.1 33.9 40.5 41.7 42.3 40.5 39.9 43.5 2006 .............. 56.5 52.4 52.4 51.2 47.6 54.8 48.2 52.4 39.3 42.3 35.7 p38.7 2007 .............. p45.2 Over 6-month span: 2003 .............. 11.9 11.3 7.1 8.3 9.5 10.7 7.1 9.5 12.5 16.1 25.0 24.4 2004 .............. 28.0 32.7 35.1 47.0 50.0 52.4 54.2 52.4 48.8 51.2 41.1 38.7 2005 .............. 31.5 35.1 36.3 34.5 32.1 33.3 44.0 39.3 32.1 36.9 34.5 39.3 2006 .............. 42.9 41.7 50.0 50.6 51.2 53.0 45.8 45.8 47.6 45.2 44.6 p38.1 2007 .............. p36.9 Over 12-month span: 2003 .............. 10.7 6.0 6.5 6.0 8.3 7.1 7.1 8.3 10.7 10.7 9.5 10.7 2004 .............. 13.1 14.3 13.1 20.2 23.2 35.7 36.9 38.1 36.3 44.0 44.6 44.6 2005 .............. 44.6 44.6 41.7 40.5 37.5 36.3 32.1 33.9 32.7 33.3 33.3 37.5 2006 .............. 44.6 40.5 40.5 40.5 39.3 42.3 48.8 48.8 44.6 45.2 43.5 p42.9 2007 .............. p41.7 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 2006 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.