Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 USDL 04-07 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ Establishment data: 691-6555 Transmission of material in this release is http://www.bls.gov/ces/ embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, January 9, 2004. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2003 Employment was virtually unchanged in December while the unemployment rate, at 5.7 percent, continued to trend down, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Following increases that totaled 277,000 in the prior 4 months, nonfarm payroll was flat in December (+1,000). Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons was 8.4 million in December and the unem- ployment rate was 5.7 percent. Both measures continued to edge down from their recent highs in June 2003. In December, the unemployment rates for adult men (5.3 percent) and Hispanics or Latinos (6.6 percent) declined. The jobless rates for the other major worker groups--adult women (5.1 percent), teenagers (16.1 percent), whites (5.0 percent), and blacks (10.3 percent)--showed little or no change from the previous month. The unemployment rate for Asians was 5.3 percent in December, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The civilian labor force fell by 309,000 in December to 146.9 million; the labor force participation rate decreased over the month to 66.0 percent. Over the year, the participation rate declined by 0.4 percentage point. Both total employment (138.5 million) and the employment-population ratio (62.2 percent) were about unchanged in December. (See table A-1.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) In December, about 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about the same as a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, how- ever, because they did not actively search for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. There were 433,000 discouraged workers in December, also about the same as in December 2002. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised us- | | ing updated seasonal adjustment factors that incorporate 2003 data. | | Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 1999 were subject to | | revision. The unemployment rates for January-December 2003, as | | originally published and as revised, appear on page 5, along with | | additional information on the revisions. | --------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ______________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | | | averages | Monthly data | |_________________|__________________________| Nov.- Category | 2003 | 2003 | Dec. |_________________|__________________________| change | III | IV | Oct. | Nov. | Dec. | _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force.....| 146,628| 146,986| 146,892| 147,187| 146,878| -309 Employment.............| 137,647| 138,369| 138,095| 138,533| 138,479| -54 Unemployment...........| 8,981| 8,616| 8,797| 8,653| 8,398| -255 Not in labor force.......| 74,885| 75,290| 75,147| 75,093| 75,631| 538 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers..............| 6.1| 5.9| 6.0| 5.9| 5.7| -0.2 Adult men..............| 5.8| 5.5| 5.6| 5.6| 5.3| -.3 Adult women............| 5.2| 5.1| 5.2| 5.1| 5.1| .0 Teenagers..............| 17.5| 16.3| 17.1| 15.7| 16.1| .4 White..................| 5.4| 5.1| 5.1| 5.2| 5.0| -.2 Black or African | | | | | | American.............| 11.0| 10.7| 11.4| 10.4| 10.3| -.1 Hispanic or Latino | | | | | | ethnicity............| 7.8| 7.1| 7.3| 7.4| 6.6| -.8 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment.......| 129,902|p130,109| 130,080|p130,123|p130,124| p1 Goods-producing 1/.....| 21,987| p21,954| 21,966| p21,954| p21,942| p-12 Construction.........| 6,823| p6,859| 6,845| p6,859| p6,873| p14 Manufacturing........| 14,599| p14,530| 14,556| p14,530| p14,504| p-26 Service-providing 1/...| 107,915|p108,155| 108,114|p108,169|p108,182| p13 Retail trade.........| 14,973| p14,965| 14,996| p14,969| p14,931| p-38 Professional and | | | | | | business services..| 16,075| p16,182| 16,142| p16,179| p16,224| p45 Education and health | | | | | | services...........| 16,533| p16,651| 16,625| p16,653| p16,674| p21 Leisure and | | | | | | hospitality........| 12,053| p12,083| 12,071| p12,091| p12,087| p-4 Government...........| 21,461| p21,471| 21,473| p21,472| p21,468| p-4 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 33.7| p33.8| 33.8| p33.9| p33.7| p-0.2 Manufacturing..........| 40.3| p40.7| 40.6| p40.8| p40.7| p-.1 Overtime.............| 4.1| p4.5| 4.3| p4.5| p4.6| p.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private............| 98.6| p99.1| 99.1| p99.4| p98.8| p-0.6 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| $15.44| p$15.48| $15.46| p$15.47| p$15.50| p$0.03 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private..........| 519.82| p523.11| 522.55| p524.43| p522.35| p-2.08 _________________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2 Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised. See note on page 5. - 3 - were available for them. The other 1.1 million marginally attached had not searched for work for other reasons such as school or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment was unchanged (+1,000) in December, at 130.1 million, seasonally adjusted. Employment continued to rise in the temporary help, construction, and health care industries. Retail trade and manufacturing lost jobs over the month. (See table B-1.) In December, employment in retail trade declined by 38,000. Weak hiring for the holiday shopping period resulted in seasonally adjusted job losses in general merchandise stores; miscellaneous store retailers; and sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores. Employment in gasoline stations also decreased over the month. Manufacturing employment was down by 26,000 in December. From September to December, employment in this industry declined at a slower pace than during the first 8 months of 2003. Employment in nondurable goods manufacturing decreased by 18,000 in December, with the largest losses in printing and related support activities (-4,000) and in textile mills (-3,000). Manufacturing lost 516,000 jobs in 2003 and has shed 2.8 million jobs since July 2000, the last month it recorded a gain. Within the financial activities industry, employment in credit intermedi- ation declined for the third consecutive month, reflecting the reduced volume of mortgage refinancing. From July 2000 through September 2003, the industry added 251,000 jobs, but since then employment has fallen by 39,000. Professional and business services added 45,000 jobs in December. Over the year, employment increases in this industry have totaled 252,000. The majority of this gain occurred in temporary help services, which added 166,000 jobs in 2003, including 30,000 in December. Employment in education and health services also continued to rise over the month. Over the year, the industry added 301,000 jobs. Construction employment continued on a modest upward trend in December. The industry has added 173,000 jobs since February. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.2 hour in December to 33.7 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek declined by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and manufacturing overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 4.6 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.6 percent to 98.8 in December (2002=100). The manufacturing index decreased by 0.4 percent over the month to 94.6. (See table B-5.) - 4 - Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents over the month to $15.50, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings fell by 0.4 percent in December to $522.35. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 2.0 percent, and average weekly earnings rose by 1.7 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for January 2004 is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data | | | | With the release of January data on February 6, BLS will intro- | | duce revisions in the establishment-based series on nonfarm payroll | | employment, hours, and earnings to reflect the annual benchmark ad- | | justments for March 2003 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. | | Unadjusted data since April 2002 and seasonally adjusted data since | | January 1999 are subject to revision. Previously, the revised data | | were published in June of each year; earlier receipt and tabulation | | of the benchmark source data now make it feasible to accelerate the | | publication date to February. | --------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------- | Planned Changes in the Household Survey Data | | | | Effective with the release of data for January 2004, revisions | | will be introduced into the population controls for the household | | survey. These changes reflect the routine annual updating of in- | | tercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. | --------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 - Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey, to incorporate the data for that year. This year, seasonally adjusted data for January 1999-December 2003 were subject to revision. (Seasonally adjusted establishment data will be revised next month, concurrent with the introduction of annual benchmark adjustments.) Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall unemployment rate since January 2003. The rate was revised in 3 months, in each case by +/-0.1 percentage point. Revised seasonally adjusted data for major labor force series since December 2002 appear in table C. Beginning with this release, BLS has converted to the use of concurrent seasonal adjustment to produce seasonally adjusted labor force estimates from the CPS. Concurrent seasonal adjustment uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the most current month, in developing seasonal factors. This is a change from the previous practice of projecting seasonal factors for the CPS data twice a year. Due to this change in methodology, BLS will no longer publish seasonal factors for the CPS estimates. Historical seasonally adjusted household survey data will continue to be revised only at the end of each calendar year. BLS introduced the use of concurrent seasonal adjustment for the establishment survey data from the Current Employment Statistics program in June 2003 with the release of data for May 2003. The January 2004 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article describing the current seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised data for the most recent months or quarters for all regularly published tables containing seasonally adjusted household survey data. A copy of the article is available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2004.pdf on the Internet. Historical data for the household series contained in the "A" tables of this release also can be accessed at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm on the BLS Internet site. Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data also are available on the Internet at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/lf/. Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to revision, January-December 2003 --------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Month and year | As first | As | Change | published | revised | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------- | | | 2003 | | | | | | January..............| 5.7 | 5.8 | 0.1 February.............| 5.8 | 5.9 | .1 March................| 5.8 | 5.8 | .0 April................| 6.0 | 6.0 | .0 May..................| 6.1 | 6.1 | .0 June.................| 6.4 | 6.3 | -.1 July.................| 6.2 | 6.2 | .0 August...............| 6.1 | 6.1 | .0 September............| 6.1 | 6.1 | .0 October..............| 6.0 | 6.0 | .0 November.............| 5.9 | 5.9 | .0 December.............| 1/ 5.7 | 5.7 | .0 --------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Not published. - 6 - HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) 2002 2003 Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population(1)............ 218,741 219,897 220,114 220,317 220,540 220,768 221,014 221,252 221,507 221,779 222,039 222,279 222,509 Civilian labor force...... 145,157 145,875 145,898 145,818 146,377 146,462 146,917 146,652 146,622 146,610 146,892 147,187 146,878 Percent of population. 66.4 66.3 66.3 66.2 66.4 66.3 66.5 66.3 66.2 66.1 66.2 66.2 66.0 Employed................ 136,459 137,447 137,318 137,300 137,578 137,505 137,673 137,604 137,693 137,644 138,095 138,533 138,479 Employment-population ratio................ 62.4 62.5 62.4 62.3 62.4 62.3 62.3 62.2 62.2 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.2 Unemployed.............. 8,698 8,428 8,581 8,519 8,799 8,957 9,245 9,048 8,929 8,966 8,797 8,653 8,398 Unemployment rate..... 6.0 5.8 5.9 5.8 6.0 6.1 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population(1)............ 97,139 97,635 97,762 97,869 97,979 98,083 98,196 98,304 98,434 98,568 98,696 98,814 98,927 Civilian labor force...... 73,725 74,014 74,241 74,209 74,510 74,523 74,675 74,660 74,682 74,905 74,942 75,188 75,044 Percent of population. 75.9 75.8 75.9 75.8 76.0 76.0 76.0 75.9 75.9 76.0 75.9 76.1 75.9 Employed................ 69,569 69,940 70,174 70,213 70,290 70,182 70,190 70,269 70,324 70,596 70,726 70,964 71,099 Employment-population ratio................ 71.6 71.6 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.6 71.5 71.5 71.4 71.6 71.7 71.8 71.9 Unemployed.............. 4,157 4,075 4,068 3,995 4,220 4,341 4,485 4,391 4,358 4,309 4,216 4,224 3,945 Unemployment rate..... 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.7 5.8 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population(1)............ 105,678 106,235 106,322 106,411 106,510 106,613 106,724 106,839 106,957 107,080 107,197 107,303 107,404 Civilian labor force...... 64,056 64,490 64,359 64,490 64,632 64,699 64,989 64,835 64,836 64,608 64,899 64,917 64,846 Percent of population. 60.6 60.7 60.5 60.6 60.7 60.7 60.9 60.7 60.6 60.3 60.5 60.5 60.4 Employed................ 60,750 61,391 61,106 61,219 61,343 61,397 61,610 61,479 61,467 61,191 61,524 61,597 61,521 Employment-population ratio................ 57.5 57.8 57.5 57.5 57.6 57.6 57.7 57.5 57.5 57.1 57.4 57.4 57.3 Unemployed.............. 3,306 3,100 3,253 3,271 3,289 3,302 3,379 3,356 3,369 3,417 3,375 3,320 3,326 Unemployment rate..... 5.2 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population(1)............ 15,925 16,027 16,030 16,038 16,051 16,072 16,095 16,109 16,116 16,131 16,145 16,162 16,178 Civilian labor force...... 7,376 7,371 7,298 7,120 7,235 7,240 7,254 7,157 7,104 7,097 7,051 7,082 6,987 Percent of population. 46.3 46.0 45.5 44.4 45.1 45.0 45.1 44.4 44.1 44.0 43.7 43.8 43.2 Employed................ 6,141 6,117 6,039 5,868 5,945 5,926 5,873 5,856 5,902 5,857 5,846 5,972 5,859 Employment-population ratio................ 38.6 38.2 37.7 36.6 37.0 36.9 36.5 36.4 36.6 36.3 36.2 37.0 36.2 Unemployed.............. 1,235 1,254 1,260 1,252 1,290 1,314 1,381 1,301 1,202 1,240 1,205 1,109 1,128 Unemployment rate..... 16.7 17.0 17.3 17.6 17.8 18.1 19.0 18.2 16.9 17.5 17.1 15.7 16.1 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. - 7 - Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering ap- proximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. - 8 - Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most super- sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating in- dependently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by di- rectly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. - 9 - For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to ad- just only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000 (100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent, the 90-percent con- fidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. - 10 - Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of busi- ness, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was de- rived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household and establishment survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." For the establish- ment survey data, the sampling error measures and the actual size of re- visions due to benchmark adjustments appear in tables 2-B through 2-F of Employment and Earnings. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 218,741 222,279 222,509 218,741 221,507 221,779 222,039 222,279 222,509 Civilian labor force............................ 144,807 146,969 146,501 145,157 146,622 146,610 146,892 147,187 146,878 Participation rate........................ 66.2 66.1 65.8 66.4 66.2 66.1 66.2 66.2 66.0 Employed...................................... 136,599 138,700 138,556 136,459 137,693 137,644 138,095 138,533 138,479 Employment-population ratio............... 62.4 62.4 62.3 62.4 62.2 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.2 Unemployed.................................... 8,209 8,269 7,945 8,698 8,929 8,966 8,797 8,653 8,398 Unemployment rate......................... 5.7 5.6 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 Not in labor force.............................. 73,934 75,310 76,007 73,584 74,884 75,168 75,147 75,093 75,631 Persons who currently want a job.............. 4,227 4,201 4,355 4,566 4,826 4,816 4,885 4,572 4,714 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 105,195 107,003 107,123 105,195 106,604 106,744 106,879 107,003 107,123 Civilian labor force............................ 77,197 78,579 78,413 77,447 78,251 78,504 78,530 78,799 78,661 Participation rate........................ 73.4 73.4 73.2 73.6 73.4 73.5 73.5 73.6 73.4 Employed...................................... 72,437 73,896 73,901 72,615 73,263 73,488 73,643 73,915 74,085 Employment-population ratio............... 68.9 69.1 69.0 69.0 68.7 68.8 68.9 69.1 69.2 Unemployed.................................... 4,760 4,683 4,512 4,832 4,988 5,016 4,887 4,883 4,576 Unemployment rate......................... 6.2 6.0 5.8 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.2 5.8 Not in labor force.............................. 27,998 28,424 28,710 27,749 28,353 28,240 28,348 28,204 28,462 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 97,139 98,814 98,927 97,139 98,434 98,568 98,696 98,814 98,927 Civilian labor force............................ 73,666 75,125 74,984 73,725 74,682 74,905 74,942 75,188 75,044 Participation rate........................ 75.8 76.0 75.8 75.9 75.9 76.0 75.9 76.1 75.9 Employed...................................... 69,503 71,067 71,024 69,569 70,324 70,596 70,726 70,964 71,099 Employment-population ratio............... 71.6 71.9 71.8 71.6 71.4 71.6 71.7 71.8 71.9 Unemployed.................................... 4,163 4,058 3,960 4,157 4,358 4,309 4,216 4,224 3,945 Unemployment rate......................... 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.3 Not in labor force.............................. 23,473 23,689 23,943 23,413 23,751 23,663 23,754 23,626 23,882 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 113,546 115,276 115,386 113,546 114,903 115,035 115,160 115,276 115,386 Civilian labor force............................ 67,610 68,390 68,089 67,711 68,372 68,106 68,362 68,388 68,217 Participation rate........................ 59.5 59.3 59.0 59.6 59.5 59.2 59.4 59.3 59.1 Employed...................................... 64,162 64,804 64,656 63,844 64,431 64,155 64,452 64,618 64,394 Employment-population ratio............... 56.5 56.2 56.0 56.2 56.1 55.8 56.0 56.1 55.8 Unemployed.................................... 3,448 3,586 3,433 3,866 3,941 3,951 3,910 3,770 3,823 Unemployment rate......................... 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.6 Not in labor force.............................. 45,936 46,886 47,298 45,835 46,532 46,929 46,799 46,888 47,169 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 105,678 107,303 107,404 105,678 106,957 107,080 107,197 107,303 107,404 Civilian labor force............................ 64,100 64,997 64,855 64,056 64,836 64,608 64,899 64,917 64,846 Participation rate........................ 60.7 60.6 60.4 60.6 60.6 60.3 60.5 60.5 60.4 Employed...................................... 61,103 61,853 61,823 60,750 61,467 61,191 61,524 61,597 61,521 Employment-population ratio............... 57.8 57.6 57.6 57.5 57.5 57.1 57.4 57.4 57.3 Unemployed.................................... 2,997 3,144 3,031 3,306 3,369 3,417 3,375 3,320 3,326 Unemployment rate......................... 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 Not in labor force.............................. 41,578 42,306 42,550 41,622 42,121 42,472 42,299 42,387 42,558 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 15,925 16,162 16,178 15,925 16,116 16,131 16,145 16,162 16,178 Civilian labor force............................ 7,041 6,847 6,663 7,376 7,104 7,097 7,051 7,082 6,987 Participation rate........................ 44.2 42.4 41.2 46.3 44.1 44.0 43.7 43.8 43.2 Employed...................................... 5,992 5,780 5,709 6,141 5,902 5,857 5,846 5,972 5,859 Employment-population ratio............... 37.6 35.8 35.3 38.6 36.6 36.3 36.2 37.0 36.2 Unemployed.................................... 1,049 1,066 954 1,235 1,202 1,240 1,205 1,109 1,128 Unemployment rate......................... 14.9 15.6 14.3 16.7 16.9 17.5 17.1 15.7 16.1 Not in labor force.............................. 8,884 9,315 9,515 8,549 9,012 9,034 9,094 9,080 9,191 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, race, sex, and age Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 WHITE (2) Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 180,580 182,032 182,185 180,580 181,512 181,696 181,871 182,032 182,185 Civilian labor force............................ 119,779 120,865 120,453 120,072 120,658 120,411 120,736 121,041 120,751 Participation rate.......................... 66.3 66.4 66.1 66.5 66.5 66.3 66.4 66.5 66.3 Employed...................................... 113,916 114,935 114,702 113,876 114,156 114,015 114,535 114,783 114,678 Employment-population ratio................. 63.1 63.1 63.0 63.1 62.9 62.8 63.0 63.1 62.9 Unemployed.................................... 5,864 5,930 5,751 6,195 6,502 6,397 6,200 6,258 6,073 Unemployment rate........................... 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.2 5.4 5.3 5.1 5.2 5.0 Not in labor force.............................. 60,801 61,167 61,732 60,509 60,854 61,285 61,135 60,991 61,434 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 62,007 62,873 62,656 62,095 62,543 62,552 62,694 62,913 62,752 Participation rate.......................... 76.2 76.5 76.1 76.3 76.3 76.2 76.3 76.5 76.2 Employed...................................... 58,914 59,885 59,680 59,016 59,233 59,414 59,623 59,777 59,794 Employment-population ratio................. 72.4 72.8 72.5 72.5 72.3 72.4 72.6 72.7 72.6 Unemployed.................................... 3,093 2,988 2,975 3,079 3,310 3,139 3,072 3,136 2,957 Unemployment rate........................... 5.0 4.8 4.7 5.0 5.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 51,814 52,260 52,227 51,776 52,156 51,942 52,183 52,210 52,199 Participation rate.......................... 59.8 59.9 59.8 59.8 59.9 59.6 59.9 59.9 59.8 Employed...................................... 49,790 50,132 50,186 49,530 49,866 49,580 49,892 49,932 49,941 Employment-population ratio................. 57.5 57.5 57.5 57.2 57.3 56.9 57.2 57.2 57.2 Unemployed.................................... 2,024 2,128 2,040 2,246 2,290 2,362 2,291 2,279 2,258 Unemployment rate........................... 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 5,959 5,732 5,571 6,200 5,959 5,917 5,858 5,918 5,800 Participation rate.......................... 47.3 45.6 44.3 49.2 47.5 47.2 46.7 47.1 46.1 Employed...................................... 5,212 4,917 4,835 5,330 5,057 5,020 5,020 5,074 4,942 Employment-population ratio................. 41.4 39.1 38.4 42.3 40.3 40.0 40.0 40.4 39.3 Unemployed.................................... 747 815 736 870 903 896 838 843 857 Unemployment rate........................... 12.5 14.2 13.2 14.0 15.1 15.1 14.3 14.3 14.8 BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN (2) Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 25,784 25,860 25,894 25,784 25,742 25,784 25,825 25,860 25,894 Civilian labor force............................ 16,736 16,602 16,422 16,701 16,585 16,677 16,589 16,524 16,365 Participation rate.......................... 64.9 64.2 63.4 64.8 64.4 64.7 64.2 63.9 63.2 Employed...................................... 14,951 14,931 14,828 14,799 14,771 14,826 14,696 14,812 14,679 Employment-population ratio................. 58.0 57.7 57.3 57.4 57.4 57.5 56.9 57.3 56.7 Unemployed.................................... 1,785 1,671 1,594 1,902 1,813 1,851 1,893 1,712 1,686 Unemployment rate........................... 10.7 10.1 9.7 11.4 10.9 11.1 11.4 10.4 10.3 Not in labor force.............................. 9,048 9,259 9,472 9,082 9,157 9,107 9,236 9,336 9,529 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 7,338 7,455 7,422 7,300 7,362 7,433 7,385 7,414 7,382 Participation rate.......................... 71.3 72.0 71.6 70.9 71.5 72.0 71.4 71.6 71.2 Employed...................................... 6,550 6,723 6,718 6,529 6,585 6,619 6,611 6,668 6,695 Employment-population ratio................. 63.6 64.9 64.8 63.4 63.9 64.1 63.9 64.4 64.6 Unemployed.................................... 788 731 704 771 776 814 774 746 687 Unemployment rate........................... 10.7 9.8 9.5 10.6 10.5 11.0 10.5 10.1 9.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 8,573 8,450 8,325 8,528 8,494 8,436 8,425 8,401 8,276 Participation rate.......................... 65.6 64.5 63.4 65.3 65.1 64.5 64.4 64.1 63.1 Employed...................................... 7,826 7,701 7,595 7,698 7,674 7,664 7,596 7,639 7,471 Employment-population ratio................. 59.9 58.8 57.9 58.9 58.8 58.6 58.0 58.3 56.9 Unemployed.................................... 747 749 730 831 820 772 829 762 805 Unemployment rate........................... 8.7 8.9 8.8 9.7 9.7 9.2 9.8 9.1 9.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 826 697 675 873 729 808 779 710 707 Participation rate.......................... 34.0 29.1 28.1 36.0 30.5 33.8 32.5 29.6 29.4 Employed...................................... 575 507 514 572 512 543 489 505 514 Employment-population ratio................. 23.7 21.1 21.4 23.6 21.4 22.7 20.4 21.0 21.4 Unemployed.................................... 250 190 161 301 217 264 290 205 193 Unemployment rate........................... 30.3 27.2 23.8 34.4 29.8 32.7 37.3 28.9 27.3 ASIAN (2) Civilian noninstutional population................ 9,980 9,354 9,372 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Civilian labor force............................ 6,720 6,109 6,272 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Participation rate.......................... 67.3 65.3 66.9 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Employed...................................... 6,322 5,789 5,938 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Employment-population ratio................. 63.3 61.9 63.4 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Unemployed.................................... 398 320 334 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Unemployment rate........................... 5.9 5.2 5.3 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Not in labor force.............................. 3,260 3,245 3,101 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. 3 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted (1) Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 26,436 28,016 28,116 26,436 27,701 27,808 27,913 28,016 28,116 Civilian labor force............................ 18,148 19,057 19,031 18,150 18,843 18,877 18,940 19,125 19,035 Participation rate.......................... 68.6 68.0 67.7 68.7 68.0 67.9 67.9 68.3 67.7 Employed...................................... 16,713 17,666 17,785 16,704 17,383 17,456 17,556 17,709 17,784 Employment-population ratio................. 63.2 63.1 63.3 63.2 62.8 62.8 62.9 63.2 63.3 Unemployed.................................... 1,435 1,391 1,246 1,446 1,460 1,421 1,383 1,416 1,250 Unemployment rate........................... 7.9 7.3 6.5 8.0 7.8 7.5 7.3 7.4 6.6 Not in labor force.............................. 8,288 8,959 9,085 8,286 8,858 8,931 8,974 8,891 9,082 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 10,170 10,920 11,015 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 83.5 83.8 84.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 9,422 10,225 10,381 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 77.4 78.5 79.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 747 695 634 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 7.3 6.4 5.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ 6,938 7,163 7,126 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 59.1 57.7 57.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 6,437 6,643 6,666 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 54.8 53.5 53.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 501 521 459 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 7.2 7.3 6.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ 1,040 973 890 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Participation rate.......................... 41.5 37.9 34.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employed...................................... 853 798 738 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Employment-population ratio................. 34.0 31.1 28.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployed.................................... 187 175 152 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Unemployment rate........................... 18.0 18.0 17.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force...................... 12,546 12,679 12,640 12,621 12,618 12,577 12,672 12,764 12,712 Participation rate.................... 44.4 45.3 44.6 44.6 45.5 44.8 45.7 45.6 44.9 Employed................................ 11,326 11,586 11,554 11,461 11,449 11,478 11,551 11,677 11,678 Employment-population ratio........... 40.1 41.4 40.8 40.5 41.3 40.9 41.6 41.7 41.2 Unemployed.............................. 1,220 1,093 1,086 1,160 1,169 1,099 1,121 1,087 1,034 Unemployment rate..................... 9.7 8.6 8.6 9.2 9.3 8.7 8.8 8.5 8.1 High school graduates, no college (1) Civilian labor force...................... 38,064 38,514 38,170 37,825 37,916 37,967 37,887 38,241 37,958 Participation rate.................... 64.0 64.0 63.8 63.6 63.8 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.5 Employed................................ 36,085 36,543 36,131 35,800 35,872 35,932 35,807 36,179 35,868 Employment-population ratio........... 60.7 60.8 60.4 60.2 60.4 60.2 60.1 60.2 60.0 Unemployed.............................. 1,979 1,971 2,039 2,025 2,044 2,036 2,080 2,061 2,090 Unemployment rate..................... 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.4 5.5 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force...................... 34,028 33,690 34,101 33,875 33,979 33,983 33,841 33,727 33,932 Participation rate.................... 72.8 72.3 72.6 72.5 72.7 72.8 72.4 72.4 72.2 Employed................................ 32,439 32,168 32,658 32,185 32,365 32,357 32,222 32,114 32,400 Employment-population ratio........... 69.4 69.0 69.5 68.9 69.2 69.4 68.9 68.9 69.0 Unemployed.............................. 1,588 1,522 1,443 1,689 1,613 1,626 1,619 1,613 1,532 Unemployment rate..................... 4.7 4.5 4.2 5.0 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.5 Bachelor's degree and higher (2) Civilian labor force...................... 38,401 40,402 40,206 38,665 39,997 39,825 40,504 40,536 40,515 Participation rate.................... 78.7 78.5 78.4 79.3 77.5 77.6 78.0 78.7 79.0 Employed................................ 37,354 39,240 39,078 37,530 38,752 38,559 39,267 39,292 39,291 Employment-population ratio........... 76.6 76.2 76.2 76.9 75.1 75.1 75.6 76.3 76.6 Unemployed.............................. 1,047 1,162 1,128 1,135 1,245 1,265 1,237 1,244 1,224 Unemployment rate..................... 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 1 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries....... 2,144 2,299 2,053 2,345 2,327 2,341 2,410 2,418 2,245 Wage and salary workers................ 1,141 1,347 1,168 1,257 1,410 1,437 1,465 1,440 1,294 Self-employed workers.................. 976 937 870 1,039 942 886 938 953 919 Unpaid family workers.................. 28 15 15 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Nonagricultural industries............... 134,454 136,401 136,503 134,098 135,282 135,401 135,722 136,172 136,180 Wage and salary workers................ 125,206 126,654 126,984 124,842 125,746 125,860 126,183 126,466 126,661 Government........................... 19,660 19,702 19,821 19,531 19,662 19,725 19,797 19,609 19,694 Private industries................... 105,546 106,952 107,163 105,460 106,047 106,136 106,400 106,876 107,110 Private households................. 729 775 780 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Other industries................... 104,817 106,177 106,383 104,783 105,184 105,351 105,662 106,129 106,382 Self-employed workers.................. 9,170 9,665 9,412 9,245 9,526 9,401 9,460 9,541 9,477 Unpaid family workers.................. 78 82 107 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME (2) All industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,385 4,682 4,833 4,330 4,498 4,896 4,800 4,880 4,788 Slack work or business conditions.... 3,023 3,132 3,327 2,912 3,063 3,185 3,030 3,226 3,205 Could only find part-time work....... 1,084 1,330 1,182 1,178 1,201 1,334 1,356 1,350 1,295 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,704 20,271 19,543 18,668 19,482 19,021 18,935 19,110 18,561 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons......... 4,278 4,575 4,717 4,281 4,404 4,794 4,690 4,782 4,727 Slack work or business conditions.... 2,961 3,037 3,248 2,870 2,989 3,127 2,964 3,153 3,144 Could only find part-time work....... 1,069 1,328 1,178 1,154 1,191 1,335 1,349 1,353 1,279 Part time for noneconomic reasons...... 19,332 19,911 19,246 18,353 19,016 18,633 18,628 18,752 18,367 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 136,599 138,700 138,556 136,459 137,693 137,644 138,095 138,533 138,479 16 to 19 years.................................. 5,992 5,780 5,709 6,141 5,902 5,857 5,846 5,972 5,859 16 to 17 years................................ 2,164 2,294 2,175 2,276 2,346 2,253 2,227 2,361 2,292 18 to 19 years................................ 3,828 3,486 3,534 3,860 3,580 3,593 3,607 3,592 3,562 20 years and over............................... 130,606 132,920 132,847 130,318 131,791 131,787 132,250 132,561 132,620 20 to 24 years................................ 13,402 13,382 13,426 13,388 13,398 13,396 13,437 13,371 13,413 25 years and over............................. 117,205 119,538 119,421 116,932 118,483 118,437 118,785 119,106 119,168 25 to 54 years.............................. 96,767 97,740 97,613 96,563 97,212 97,150 97,233 97,422 97,436 25 to 34 years............................ 30,236 30,571 30,384 30,177 30,318 30,288 30,296 30,389 30,340 35 to 44 years............................ 34,993 34,970 34,861 34,952 34,839 34,880 34,829 34,909 34,819 45 to 54 years............................ 31,538 32,199 32,368 31,434 32,055 31,982 32,107 32,125 32,277 55 years and over........................... 20,437 21,798 21,808 20,369 21,271 21,287 21,552 21,683 21,732 Men, 16 years and over............................ 72,437 73,896 73,901 72,615 73,263 73,488 73,643 73,915 74,085 16 to 19 years.................................. 2,933 2,829 2,877 3,046 2,939 2,893 2,917 2,951 2,986 16 to 17 years................................ 1,017 1,111 1,072 1,094 1,147 1,071 1,101 1,189 1,153 18 to 19 years................................ 1,916 1,718 1,805 1,930 1,813 1,802 1,796 1,779 1,817 20 years and over............................... 69,503 71,067 71,024 69,569 70,324 70,596 70,726 70,964 71,099 20 to 24 years................................ 6,987 7,040 6,993 7,041 6,973 7,020 7,038 7,050 7,048 25 years and over............................. 62,516 64,027 64,031 62,542 63,372 63,512 63,670 63,876 64,061 25 to 54 years.............................. 51,524 52,392 52,386 51,570 52,016 52,137 52,168 52,293 52,441 25 to 34 years............................ 16,465 16,839 16,748 16,453 16,623 16,657 16,660 16,747 16,740 35 to 44 years............................ 18,708 18,861 18,825 18,742 18,761 18,866 18,828 18,844 18,857 45 to 54 years............................ 16,351 16,693 16,813 16,376 16,632 16,614 16,681 16,702 16,843 55 years and over........................... 10,993 11,634 11,645 10,972 11,357 11,375 11,501 11,583 11,620 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 64,162 64,804 64,656 63,844 64,431 64,155 64,452 64,618 64,394 16 to 19 years.................................. 3,059 2,951 2,833 3,094 2,963 2,964 2,928 3,021 2,873 16 to 17 years................................ 1,148 1,183 1,103 1,182 1,199 1,183 1,126 1,172 1,139 18 to 19 years................................ 1,912 1,768 1,729 1,930 1,767 1,791 1,812 1,813 1,745 20 years and over............................... 61,103 61,853 61,823 60,750 61,467 61,191 61,524 61,597 61,521 20 to 24 years................................ 6,415 6,342 6,434 6,347 6,425 6,376 6,398 6,321 6,365 25 years and over............................. 54,688 55,511 55,390 54,390 55,111 54,925 55,116 55,230 55,107 25 to 54 years.............................. 45,244 45,347 45,227 44,993 45,197 45,013 45,065 45,130 44,996 25 to 34 years............................ 13,771 13,732 13,636 13,724 13,695 13,631 13,637 13,642 13,599 35 to 44 years............................ 16,285 16,109 16,036 16,210 16,078 16,015 16,001 16,065 15,962 45 to 54 years............................ 15,187 15,506 15,554 15,059 15,424 15,367 15,427 15,423 15,434 55 years and over........................... 9,444 10,164 10,163 9,397 9,914 9,912 10,051 10,100 10,112 Married men, spouse present....................... 44,070 45,193 45,562 43,927 44,659 44,566 44,684 45,152 45,431 Married women, spouse present..................... 34,432 35,233 35,217 34,227 34,684 34,612 34,993 35,076 35,034 Women who maintain families....................... 8,644 8,595 8,501 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Full-time workers (2)............................. 112,108 113,522 113,942 112,757 113,121 113,321 113,677 114,024 114,597 Part-time workers (3)............................. 24,491 25,178 24,614 23,874 24,853 24,446 24,460 24,569 24,023 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons Unemployment rates (1) (in thousands) Characteristic Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 8,698 8,653 8,398 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 16 to 19 years.................................. 1,235 1,109 1,128 16.7 16.9 17.5 17.1 15.7 16.1 16 to 17 years................................ 488 500 515 17.7 18.8 19.3 20.2 17.5 18.3 18 to 19 years................................ 743 619 613 16.1 15.7 16.2 15.2 14.7 14.7 20 years and over............................... 7,463 7,544 7,271 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.2 20 to 24 years................................ 1,467 1,555 1,431 9.9 10.2 10.6 10.1 10.4 9.6 25 years and over............................. 5,990 5,995 5,853 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.7 25 to 54 years.............................. 5,123 5,141 5,033 5.0 5.1 5.1 5.1 5.0 4.9 25 to 34 years............................ 1,989 1,993 1,932 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.0 35 to 44 years............................ 1,759 1,796 1,755 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 45 to 54 years............................ 1,375 1,352 1,346 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 55 years and over........................... 930 886 883 4.4 4.1 4.0 3.8 3.9 3.9 Men, 16 years and over............................ 4,832 4,883 4,576 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.2 6.2 5.8 16 to 19 years.................................. 675 660 631 18.1 17.6 19.6 18.7 18.3 17.4 16 to 17 years................................ 263 267 261 19.4 20.6 22.1 20.4 18.3 18.4 18 to 19 years................................ 411 393 369 17.6 15.6 18.2 17.9 18.1 16.9 20 years and over............................... 4,157 4,224 3,945 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.3 20 to 24 years................................ 807 885 816 10.3 10.7 11.7 10.8 11.2 10.4 25 years and over............................. 3,377 3,349 3,170 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.0 4.7 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,851 2,860 2,683 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.9 25 to 34 years............................ 1,073 1,119 1,051 6.1 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.3 5.9 35 to 44 years............................ 954 974 916 4.8 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.6 45 to 54 years............................ 824 767 716 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.1 55 years and over........................... 526 489 487 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.0 Women, 16 years and over.......................... 3,866 3,770 3,823 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.6 16 to 19 years.................................. 560 450 497 15.3 16.2 15.2 15.4 13.0 14.7 16 to 17 years................................ 225 233 254 16.0 17.0 16.5 20.1 16.6 18.2 18 to 19 years................................ 332 226 243 14.7 15.8 14.1 12.5 11.1 12.2 20 years and over............................... 3,306 3,320 3,326 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.1 20 to 24 years................................ 660 669 615 9.4 9.7 9.5 9.3 9.6 8.8 25 years and over............................. 2,613 2,646 2,683 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.6 25 to 54 years.............................. 2,272 2,281 2,350 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.0 25 to 34 years............................ 916 874 882 6.3 5.7 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.1 35 to 44 years............................ 805 823 839 4.7 4.9 4.8 5.2 4.9 5.0 45 to 54 years............................ 551 584 630 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.9 55 years and over (2)....................... 372 373 367 3.8 4.5 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5 Married men, spouse present....................... 1,698 1,741 1,564 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.3 Married women, spouse present..................... 1,339 1,384 1,410 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.9 Women who maintain families (2)................... 741 775 779 7.9 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.4 Full-time workers (3)............................. 7,344 7,364 7,019 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.8 Part-time workers (4)............................. 1,345 1,311 1,354 5.3 5.3 5.7 5.5 5.1 5.3 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 4,849 4,505 4,629 4,839 4,939 4,947 4,877 4,719 4,618 On temporary layoff............................. 1,205 903 1,137 1,122 1,092 1,110 1,097 1,055 1,060 Not on temporary layoff......................... 3,644 3,601 3,492 3,716 3,847 3,837 3,780 3,664 3,558 Permanent job losers.......................... 2,796 2,773 2,681 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... 848 828 811 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Job leavers....................................... 790 885 715 866 790 836 789 931 783 Reentrants........................................ 2,157 2,324 2,065 2,475 2,530 2,436 2,518 2,440 2,366 New entrants...................................... 412 556 536 534 650 684 653 619 694 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 59.1 54.5 58.3 55.5 55.4 55.6 55.2 54.2 54.6 On temporary layoff............................ 14.7 10.9 14.3 12.9 12.3 12.5 12.4 12.1 12.5 Not on temporary layoff........................ 44.4 43.6 44.0 42.6 43.2 43.1 42.8 42.1 42.0 Job leavers...................................... 9.6 10.7 9.0 9.9 8.9 9.4 8.9 10.7 9.3 Reentrants....................................... 26.3 28.1 26.0 28.4 28.4 27.4 28.5 28.0 28.0 New entrants..................................... 5.0 6.7 6.8 6.1 7.3 7.7 7.4 7.1 8.2 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 Job leavers...................................... .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 Reentrants....................................... 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 New entrants..................................... .3 .4 .4 .4 .4 .5 .4 .4 .5 1 Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks................................. 2,514 2,500 2,298 2,873 2,735 2,749 2,733 2,622 2,627 5 to 14 weeks..................................... 2,581 2,514 2,439 2,591 2,630 2,736 2,585 2,556 2,450 15 weeks and over................................. 3,113 3,255 3,208 3,312 3,561 3,511 3,478 3,484 3,403 15 to 26 weeks................................. 1,248 1,316 1,343 1,420 1,561 1,438 1,460 1,448 1,513 27 weeks and over.............................. 1,865 1,939 1,865 1,891 2,001 2,073 2,018 2,036 1,890 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................. 18.8 20.1 20.0 18.5 19.2 19.6 19.4 20.0 19.6 Median duration, in weeks......................... 9.7 10.2 10.6 9.6 10.0 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.4 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 5 weeks............................... 30.6 30.2 28.9 32.7 30.6 30.6 31.1 30.3 31.0 5 to 14 weeks................................... 31.4 30.4 30.7 29.5 29.5 30.4 29.4 29.5 28.9 15 weeks and over............................... 37.9 39.4 40.4 37.7 39.9 39.0 39.5 40.2 40.1 15 to 26 weeks................................ 15.2 15.9 16.9 16.2 17.5 16.0 16.6 16.7 17.8 27 weeks and over............................. 22.7 23.5 23.5 21.6 22.4 23.0 22.9 23.5 22.3 NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Employed Unemployed rates Occupation Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 Total, 16 years and over (1)................................ 136,599 138,556 8,209 7,945 5.7 5.4 Management, professional, and related occupations................ 46,950 48,320 1,369 1,380 2.8 2.8 Management, business, and financial operations occupations..... 19,444 19,887 625 589 3.1 2.9 Professional and related occupations........................... 27,506 28,432 743 791 2.6 2.7 Service occupations.............................................. 21,974 21,633 1,622 1,560 6.9 6.7 Sales and office occupations..................................... 35,672 35,770 1,872 1,835 5.0 4.9 Sales and related occupations.................................. 16,305 16,543 862 909 5.0 5.2 Office and administrative support occupations.................. 19,367 19,227 1,011 926 5.0 4.6 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations..... 13,721 14,347 1,303 1,208 8.7 7.8 Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..................... 904 907 108 164 10.7 15.3 Construction and extraction occupations........................ 7,850 8,272 963 766 10.9 8.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations.............. 4,967 5,168 231 279 4.4 5.1 Production, transportation, and material moving occupations...... 18,281 18,486 1,603 1,396 8.1 7.0 Production occupations......................................... 9,830 9,820 903 690 8.4 6.6 Transportation and material moving occupations................. 8,451 8,666 700 706 7.7 7.5 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Occupations reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census occupational classification system derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed Unemployment persons rates Industry (in thousands) Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2002 2003 2002 2003 Total, 16 years and over (1)............... 8,209 7,945 5.7 5.4 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers... 6,904 6,456 6.1 5.7 Mining.......................................... 45 32 7.8 5.6 Construction.................................... 941 813 10.9 9.3 Manufacturing................................... 1,188 1,025 6.6 5.9 Durable goods................................. 810 647 7.0 5.9 Nondurable goods.............................. 379 378 5.9 5.8 Wholesale and retail trade...................... 1,150 1,081 5.7 5.0 Transportation and utilities.................... 243 267 4.6 5.0 Information..................................... 255 224 7.2 6.5 Financial activities............................ 322 283 3.6 3.0 Professional and business services.............. 1,038 948 8.3 7.6 Education and health services................... 558 620 3.2 3.5 Leisure and hospitality......................... 922 885 8.2 8.2 Other services.................................. 241 278 4.2 4.5 Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers........................................ 120 137 9.8 10.9 Government workers................................ 446 516 2.2 2.5 Self employed and unpaid family workers........... 327 299 3.1 2.8 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Dec. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................. 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................... 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)....................... 5.7 5.6 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers..... 5.9 5.9 5.7 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.0 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.................................................. 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.9 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.8 6.7 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers......................................... 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.9 10.2 10.4 10.2 10.1 9.9 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. Dec. 2002 2003 2002 2003 2002 2003 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... 73,934 76,007 27,998 28,710 45,936 47,298 Persons who currently want a job................................ 4,227 4,355 1,985 1,858 2,243 2,496 Searched for work and available to work now (1)................ 1,432 1,483 772 688 661 795 Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects (2)................... 403 433 250 212 154 221 Reasons other than discouragement (3)................ 1,029 1,050 522 476 507 574 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders (4)..................................... 7,650 7,260 3,848 3,548 3,802 3,711 Percent of total employed..................................... 5.6 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.9 5.7 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ 4,089 3,860 2,322 2,095 1,767 1,765 Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... 1,735 1,618 503 478 1,232 1,141 Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... 196 244 129 162 67 82 Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 1,583 1,493 868 797 716 696 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. from: 2002 2003 2003p 2003p 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2003p Nov. 2003- Dec. 2003 Total nonfarm......... 131,017 131,025 131,157 130,955 130,198 129,881 129,980 130,080 130,123 130,124 1 Total private........... 109,117 109,253 109,282 109,129 108,642 108,411 108,524 108,607 108,651 108,656 5 Goods-producing............. 22,256 22,221 22,097 21,877 22,323 21,982 21,978 21,966 21,954 21,942 -12 Natural resources and mining.... 571 576 572 565 572 565 564 565 565 565 0 Logging...................... 68.4 68.0 68.0 64.6 67.9 63.6 63.7 64.2 64.8 63.7 -1.1 Mining......................... 503.0 507.7 503.7 500.7 503.6 501.1 499.9 500.4 500.3 501.3 1.0 Oil and gas extraction........ 121.6 126.3 125.7 125.9 121.6 125.0 125.4 125.9 126.0 126.0 .0 Mining, except oil and gas(1). 206.9 212.5 210.7 206.1 208.1 209.1 207.5 208.1 207.9 207.5 -.4 Coal mining.................. 74.2 72.5 73.0 73.2 73.3 72.9 71.5 72.2 72.2 72.4 .2 Support activities for mining. 174.5 168.9 167.3 168.7 173.9 167.0 167.0 166.4 166.4 167.8 1.4 Construction.................... 6,651 7,051 6,961 6,791 6,731 6,825 6,841 6,845 6,859 6,873 14 Construction of buildings..... 1,591.3 1,657.6 1,634.9 1,623.2 1,595.3 1,610.9 1,620.1 1,622.4 1,621.2 1,628.0 6.8 Heavy and civil engineering construction................. 873.9 974.7 944.4 883.6 915.3 913.9 915.8 913.3 917.9 919.4 1.5 Specialty trade contractors... 4,185.7 4,418.2 4,381.3 4,284.3 4,220.7 4,300.3 4,305.5 4,309.7 4,320.1 4,325.3 5.2 Manufacturing................... 15,034 14,594 14,564 14,521 15,020 14,592 14,573 14,556 14,530 14,504 -26 Production workers........... 10,601 10,242 10,212 10,170 10,595 10,229 10,207 10,195 10,176 10,154 -22 Durable goods.................. 9,329 9,012 9,018 9,010 9,316 9,018 9,010 9,004 9,001 8,993 -8 Production workers........... 6,426 6,180 6,186 6,173 6,417 6,182 6,169 6,165 6,164 6,156 -8 Wood products................. 544.9 547.8 548.3 545.1 548.1 538.2 542.1 544.2 547.2 547.5 .3 Nonmetallic mineral products.. 508.0 505.7 505.0 497.2 510.8 501.4 500.3 499.7 500.1 500.0 -.1 Primary metals................ 500.7 469.5 468.0 470.6 499.7 475.9 472.4 470.6 469.0 470.1 1.1 Fabricated metal products..... 1,518.5 1,471.6 1,473.4 1,475.2 1,516.0 1,469.2 1,465.8 1,468.6 1,470.4 1,471.9 1.5 Machinery..................... 1,213.7 1,161.1 1,165.9 1,165.8 1,212.4 1,168.0 1,168.1 1,165.9 1,166.9 1,163.2 -3.7 Computer and electronic products(1).................. 1,466.7 1,383.2 1,384.0 1,381.9 1,462.2 1,392.5 1,389.5 1,384.3 1,382.2 1,377.2 -5.0 Computer and peripheral equipment................... 242.0 218.7 217.7 217.3 241.0 221.9 221.6 218.8 217.5 216.3 -1.2 Communications equipment..... 180.8 169.7 171.2 170.6 180.1 170.9 170.5 170.4 170.8 169.6 -1.2 Semiconductors and electronic components.................. 504.5 473.5 474.8 474.6 503.7 479.5 477.6 474.8 474.9 473.7 -1.2 Electronic instruments....... 441.0 429.0 429.1 428.4 441.3 429.0 429.3 429.2 429.0 428.1 -.9 Electrical equipment and appliances................... 485.0 458.6 459.5 461.5 485.2 462.1 461.1 460.8 461.2 461.6 .4 Transportation equipment...... 1,813.5 1,769.2 1,769.6 1,771.5 1,804.7 1,767.6 1,768.1 1,768.2 1,763.2 1,761.5 -1.7 Furniture and related products 589.0 575.7 576.2 576.3 589.1 572.7 573.7 574.5 575.5 576.2 .7 Miscellaneous manufacturing... 688.7 669.7 668.2 664.6 687.9 670.4 668.8 667.2 665.7 664.1 -1.6 Nondurable goods............... 5,705 5,582 5,546 5,511 5,704 5,574 5,563 5,552 5,529 5,511 -18 Production workers........... 4,175 4,062 4,026 3,997 4,178 4,047 4,038 4,030 4,012 3,998 -14 Food manufacturing............ 1,521.9 1,547.9 1,527.8 1,513.3 1,518.5 1,521.7 1,522.7 1,523.7 1,513.7 1,511.3 -2.4 Beverages and tobacco products 198.2 196.8 191.8 189.1 200.2 194.8 193.3 193.4 192.0 191.0 -1.0 Textile mills................. 284.1 254.0 252.9 249.1 284.9 259.6 258.3 255.4 253.4 250.2 -3.2 Textile product mills......... 193.8 178.6 179.2 179.0 193.7 178.4 179.7 179.2 179.1 178.8 -.3 Apparel....................... 334.6 298.7 298.6 292.1 337.2 299.0 296.5 296.3 296.0 293.4 -2.6 Leather and allied products... 47.1 42.5 42.9 42.9 47.3 43.1 43.1 42.9 42.9 42.8 -.1 Paper and paper products...... 542.9 525.1 523.7 521.3 541.5 526.4 525.0 523.9 521.9 519.8 -2.1 Printing and related support activities................... 693.9 686.6 685.0 681.2 689.8 690.0 687.7 684.5 682.8 678.5 -4.3 Petroleum and coal products... 118.3 116.5 115.7 113.2 119.7 116.9 116.0 115.5 115.0 114.8 -.2 Chemicals..................... 926.0 905.2 903.4 907.8 925.8 914.8 912.5 909.8 907.1 908.0 .9 Plastics and rubber products.. 843.9 829.6 824.8 821.9 845.4 829.3 828.6 826.9 825.1 822.7 -2.4 Service-providing........... 108,761 108,804 109,060 109,078 107,875 107,899 108,002 108,114 108,169 108,182 13 Private service-providing.. 86,861 87,032 87,185 87,252 86,319 86,429 86,546 86,641 86,697 86,714 17 Trade, transportation, and utilities...................... 26,059 25,364 25,674 25,867 25,378 25,217 25,243 25,256 25,236 25,201 -35 Wholesale trade................ 5,612.2 5,561.7 5,561.1 5,573.5 5,603.9 5,550.0 5,551.2 5,551.3 5,553.4 5,565.3 11.9 Durable goods................. 2,982.2 2,938.4 2,942.3 2,949.2 2,978.7 2,934.5 2,932.7 2,934.4 2,940.5 2,945.6 5.1 Nondurable goods.............. 2,012.4 2,000.2 1,994.1 1,998.0 2,009.6 1,997.7 1,995.9 1,994.4 1,989.7 1,995.4 5.7 Electronic markets and agents and brokers.................. 617.6 623.1 624.7 626.3 615.6 617.8 622.6 622.5 623.2 624.3 1.1 Retail trade...................15,626.2 15,053.0 15,362.1 15,536.1 15,005.6 14,975.1 14,986.9 14,996.1 14,968.6 14,930.6 -38.0 Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)................... 1,872.9 1,897.3 1,887.4 1,879.2 1,878.9 1,880.5 1,884.6 1,884.6 1,884.0 1,885.8 1.8 Automobile dealers........... 1,248.0 1,255.2 1,248.6 1,245.0 1,249.6 1,248.1 1,249.5 1,248.6 1,247.2 1,247.1 -.1 Furniture and home furnishings stores....................... 567.4 545.6 563.2 572.3 548.4 541.6 544.1 545.4 548.9 551.2 2.3 Electronics and appliance stores....................... 552.2 521.9 535.4 548.8 529.8 519.9 520.4 521.5 523.6 525.4 1.8 Building material and garden supply stores................ 1,168.9 1,209.3 1,202.9 1,192.8 1,183.9 1,203.3 1,210.0 1,209.3 1,209.5 1,207.9 -1.6 Food and beverage stores...... 2,883.1 2,805.3 2,818.7 2,827.9 2,833.5 2,798.0 2,796.7 2,806.6 2,786.6 2,779.1 -7.5 Health and personal care stores....................... 967.6 975.8 986.2 990.3 952.5 965.9 969.4 973.6 977.7 975.0 -2.7 Gasoline stations............. 906.3 899.4 899.2 893.3 904.2 907.1 903.9 898.9 899.0 892.7 -6.3 Clothing and clothing accessories stores........... 1,419.7 1,278.1 1,333.3 1,387.2 1,308.5 1,278.9 1,278.2 1,284.0 1,279.3 1,278.5 -.8 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores............. 713.6 640.0 669.2 700.2 637.8 640.6 640.3 638.7 636.9 630.0 -6.9 General merchandise stores(1). 3,106.7 2,884.9 3,040.0 3,105.5 2,827.6 2,857.7 2,859.1 2,852.9 2,843.4 2,830.9 -12.5 Department stores............ 1,920.7 1,724.8 1,845.9 1,892.7 1,727.5 1,703.6 1,704.1 1,704.1 1,701.7 1,700.7 -1.0 Miscellaneous store retailers. 991.7 946.2 959.9 966.3 954.6 941.0 941.0 940.7 939.8 930.5 -9.3 Nonstore retailers............ 476.1 449.2 466.7 472.3 445.9 440.6 439.2 439.9 439.9 443.6 3.7 Transportation and warehousing. 4,224.1 4,157.4 4,159.9 4,164.7 4,170.7 4,101.2 4,114.1 4,116.7 4,122.0 4,112.3 -9.7 Air transportation............ 554.6 498.5 499.6 502.2 553.9 500.0 501.4 498.4 500.4 502.3 1.9 Rail transportation........... 217.5 217.1 217.5 216.5 216.3 214.8 216.8 216.4 216.2 215.6 -.6 Water transportation.......... 49.1 49.5 47.3 47.6 50.3 49.9 48.6 49.1 48.7 48.9 .2 Truck transportation.......... 1,336.5 1,349.5 1,345.7 1,338.4 1,331.9 1,331.0 1,330.1 1,332.1 1,334.1 1,334.0 -.1 Transit and ground passenger transportation............... 371.0 371.6 370.4 372.2 360.8 348.3 355.3 358.3 359.0 358.7 -.3 Pipeline transportation....... 40.5 38.7 39.2 38.9 40.2 38.9 39.1 38.9 39.0 38.7 -.3 Scenic and sightseeing transportation............... 22.1 30.1 26.3 25.6 25.6 30.0 29.7 29.9 30.1 30.6 .5 Support activities for transportation............... 533.7 524.1 520.8 523.2 531.2 519.1 521.8 520.7 520.3 520.4 .1 Couriers and messengers....... 573.0 555.5 565.7 577.6 545.0 557.8 557.3 556.4 556.7 552.5 -4.2 Warehousing and storage....... 526.1 522.8 527.4 522.5 515.5 511.4 514.0 516.5 517.5 510.6 -6.9 Utilities...................... 596.4 591.5 590.9 592.4 597.3 590.8 591.0 592.3 592.0 592.4 .4 Information..................... 3,363 3,257 3,268 3,280 3,353 3,267 3,270 3,266 3,265 3,270 5 Publishing industries, except Internet..................... 966.4 939.0 942.3 944.4 962.2 941.5 939.2 939.5 939.9 939.8 -.1 Motion picture and sound recording industries......... 384.8 364.0 372.2 382.8 381.6 367.2 373.3 373.1 375.2 378.4 3.2 Broadcasting, except Internet. 334.0 323.6 324.6 324.9 332.1 322.9 325.0 323.2 323.0 323.0 .0 Internet publishing and broadcasting................. 32.9 33.9 34.5 34.7 32.9 34.2 34.3 34.2 34.6 34.8 .2 Telecommunications............ 1,161.4 1,124.9 1,122.0 1,123.6 1,162.5 1,125.7 1,125.0 1,123.3 1,122.3 1,125.6 3.3 ISPs, search portals, and data processing................... 437.3 425.9 425.9 424.1 435.8 429.7 427.4 426.4 424.2 423.0 -1.2 Other information services.... 45.8 46.1 46.0 45.8 45.8 45.5 45.7 46.0 45.9 45.8 -.1 Financial activities............ 7,890 7,967 7,951 7,949 7,889 7,980 7,986 7,971 7,964 7,952 -12 Finance and insurance.......... 5,868.1 5,911.1 5,907.4 5,897.4 5,861.0 5,924.4 5,933.2 5,916.3 5,908.1 5,891.5 -16.6 Monetary authorities - central bank......................... 22.7 21.9 21.9 21.8 22.7 22.0 22.0 21.9 21.9 21.8 -.1 Credit intermediation and related activities(1)........ 2,735.9 2,779.7 2,769.8 2,758.3 2,729.1 2,788.8 2,791.3 2,781.3 2,769.4 2,752.8 -16.6 Depository credit intermediation(1)........... 1,751.4 1,769.0 1,765.5 1,767.2 1,751.3 1,772.4 1,773.8 1,774.5 1,770.4 1,767.8 -2.6 Commercial banking.......... 1,293.1 1,299.7 1,295.4 1,294.3 1,292.8 1,304.8 1,304.1 1,303.3 1,298.5 1,294.7 -3.8 Securities, commodity contracts, investments....... 798.0 800.1 805.9 811.6 799.4 794.9 799.0 800.7 806.6 811.9 5.3 Insurance carriers and related activities................... 2,227.3 2,228.7 2,228.9 2,223.6 2,225.7 2,237.1 2,238.9 2,231.2 2,229.2 2,223.1 -6.1 Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles........... 84.2 80.7 80.9 82.1 84.1 81.6 82.0 81.2 81.0 81.9 .9 Real estate and rental and leasing....................... 2,021.6 2,055.5 2,043.6 2,051.7 2,028.3 2,055.2 2,052.7 2,054.5 2,055.5 2,060.1 4.6 Real estate................... 1,352.2 1,375.8 1,369.9 1,373.9 1,355.7 1,371.5 1,372.4 1,373.6 1,374.9 1,377.8 2.9 Rental and leasing services... 642.5 649.1 643.5 646.9 645.8 654.2 650.5 650.5 650.2 651.2 1.0 Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets............ 26.9 30.6 30.2 30.9 26.8 29.5 29.8 30.4 30.4 31.1 .7 Professional and business services....................... 15,922 16,331 16,271 16,193 15,972 16,054 16,107 16,142 16,179 16,224 45 Professional and technical services(1)................... 6,681.2 6,665.9 6,695.6 6,732.9 6,716.9 6,657.3 6,685.4 6,714.0 6,736.5 6,754.3 17.8 Legal services............... 1,121.1 1,128.3 1,130.3 1,127.6 1,120.2 1,121.9 1,124.9 1,128.4 1,128.3 1,127.1 -1.2 Accounting and bookkeeping services.................... 831.0 792.8 812.9 858.7 872.6 854.3 856.1 868.3 880.2 891.7 11.5 Architectural and engineering services.................... 1,245.6 1,253.0 1,253.0 1,248.0 1,252.5 1,238.1 1,247.2 1,247.8 1,252.3 1,253.0 .7 Computer systems design and related services............ 1,144.8 1,136.1 1,140.1 1,138.1 1,142.7 1,125.4 1,133.4 1,135.8 1,137.8 1,135.3 -2.5 Management and technical consulting services......... 742.0 750.0 748.6 754.0 739.8 736.1 739.7 746.6 746.6 750.2 3.6 Management of companies and enterprises................... 1,708.4 1,694.5 1,701.2 1,698.6 1,694.2 1,690.8 1,691.7 1,688.8 1,688.8 1,685.2 -3.6 Administrative and waste services...................... 7,532.3 7,971.0 7,874.5 7,761.0 7,561.0 7,706.1 7,729.6 7,738.8 7,753.2 7,784.9 31.7 Administrative and support services(1).................. 7,217.3 7,652.9 7,562.4 7,449.8 7,244.9 7,389.2 7,413.1 7,423.7 7,440.6 7,471.7 31.1 Employment services(1)....... 3,277.7 3,586.9 3,541.2 3,506.7 3,259.2 3,373.7 3,394.5 3,415.5 3,439.0 3,474.9 35.9 Temporary help services..... 2,169.9 2,389.5 2,354.6 2,340.6 2,159.4 2,236.6 2,261.1 2,271.9 2,295.0 2,325.0 30.0 Business support services.... 765.6 758.3 757.6 756.3 757.0 750.4 754.3 752.7 749.9 747.2 -2.7 Services to buildings and dwellings................... 1,531.2 1,645.8 1,612.4 1,539.2 1,591.7 1,613.5 1,610.3 1,603.3 1,601.7 1,603.0 1.3 Waste management and remediation services......... 315.0 318.1 312.1 311.2 316.1 316.9 316.5 315.1 312.6 313.2 .6 Education and health services... 16,516 16,805 16,867 16,827 16,373 16,541 16,570 16,625 16,653 16,674 21 Educational services........... 2,811.7 2,902.6 2,935.1 2,882.1 2,695.1 2,699.8 2,715.6 2,738.7 2,748.2 2,755.4 7.2 Health care and social assistance....................13,704.1 13,902.0 13,931.7 13,944.9 13,677.5 13,840.8 13,854.1 13,885.8 13,904.7 13,918.6 13.9 Ambulatory health care services(1).................. 4,723.4 4,819.4 4,824.7 4,832.9 4,712.5 4,791.7 4,791.7 4,809.2 4,816.6 4,822.6 6.0 Offices of physicians........ 2,027.6 2,069.4 2,074.0 2,084.3 2,022.1 2,056.6 2,056.9 2,068.3 2,072.6 2,078.6 6.0 Outpatient care centers...... 413.2 413.2 416.9 416.1 412.2 413.7 413.7 414.1 416.1 415.2 -.9 Home health care services.... 696.3 719.7 715.6 717.4 693.0 711.8 711.3 714.0 712.7 714.7 2.0 Hospitals..................... 4,193.9 4,242.3 4,253.0 4,255.2 4,190.4 4,235.2 4,239.5 4,242.5 4,249.2 4,252.4 3.2 Nursing and residential care facilities(1)................ 2,770.7 2,799.6 2,804.2 2,806.0 2,766.1 2,789.7 2,794.4 2,798.3 2,800.1 2,802.0 1.9 Nursing care facilities...... 1,581.9 1,588.9 1,590.2 1,587.3 1,579.2 1,583.8 1,586.9 1,587.6 1,588.0 1,586.4 -1.6 Social assistance(1).......... 2,016.1 2,040.7 2,049.8 2,050.8 2,008.5 2,024.2 2,028.5 2,035.8 2,038.8 2,041.6 2.8 Child day care services...... 733.5 747.9 748.7 746.5 725.2 732.4 731.2 736.0 737.0 737.4 .4 Leisure and hospitality......... 11,784 12,005 11,853 11,841 12,019 12,051 12,056 12,071 12,091 12,087 -4 Arts, entertainment, and recreation.................... 1,664.9 1,705.5 1,622.7 1,625.7 1,817.8 1,759.8 1,759.1 1,759.9 1,759.4 1,758.5 -.9 Performing arts and spectator sports....................... 348.2 341.7 334.5 335.6 367.2 347.3 351.6 351.1 349.1 349.5 .4 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks.............. 107.5 109.9 108.3 106.9 110.5 109.8 109.1 109.8 110.2 109.9 -.3 Amusements, gambling, and recreation................... 1,209.2 1,253.9 1,179.9 1,183.2 1,340.1 1,302.7 1,298.4 1,299.0 1,300.1 1,299.1 -1.0 Accommodations and food services......................10,118.6 10,299.4 10,230.5 10,214.9 10,200.8 10,290.8 10,296.7 10,310.7 10,331.6 10,328.0 -3.6 Accommodations................ 1,728.4 1,743.9 1,706.0 1,695.5 1,805.2 1,769.1 1,754.7 1,751.8 1,765.9 1,768.5 2.6 Food services and drinking places....................... 8,390.2 8,555.5 8,524.5 8,519.4 8,395.6 8,521.7 8,542.0 8,558.9 8,565.7 8,559.5 -6.2 Other services.................. 5,327 5,303 5,301 5,295 5,335 5,319 5,314 5,310 5,309 5,306 -3 Repair and maintenance........ 1,220.9 1,217.3 1,210.1 1,202.4 1,224.3 1,222.3 1,219.7 1,215.3 1,210.7 1,206.8 -3.9 Personal and laundry services. 1,234.2 1,223.5 1,224.8 1,217.0 1,232.7 1,223.5 1,219.7 1,220.3 1,221.4 1,217.0 -4.4 Membership associations and organizations................ 2,871.9 2,862.1 2,865.8 2,875.9 2,878.2 2,872.7 2,874.8 2,874.0 2,876.6 2,882.0 5.4 Government...................... 21,900 21,772 21,875 21,826 21,556 21,470 21,456 21,473 21,472 21,468 -4 Federal........................ 2,800 2,728 2,708 2,731 2,778 2,745 2,742 2,730 2,720 2,710 -10 Federal, except U.S. Postal Service...................... 1,951.6 1,919.8 1,902.9 1,906.1 1,956.4 1,929.5 1,929.6 1,919.5 1,913.3 1,913.4 .1 U.S. Postal Service........... 848.2 808.0 805.2 825.0 821.7 815.8 812.3 810.3 807.0 796.4 -10.6 State government............... 5,068 5,076 5,092 5,046 4,984 4,928 4,948 4,952 4,954 4,951 -3 State government education.... 2,304.4 2,341.1 2,364.4 2,318.9 2,202.5 2,186.6 2,203.3 2,208.9 2,212.1 2,209.6 -2.5 State government, excluding education.................... 2,763.3 2,734.6 2,727.4 2,726.7 2,781.0 2,741.6 2,744.3 2,743.4 2,742.0 2,740.9 -1.1 Local government............... 14,032 13,968 14,075 14,049 13,794 13,797 13,766 13,791 13,798 13,807 9 Local government education.... 8,014.6 7,925.1 8,034.1 8,019.9 7,698.1 7,735.1 7,682.6 7,697.2 7,697.9 7,704.5 6.6 Local government, excluding education.................... 6,017.7 6,043.1 6,040.7 6,028.6 6,095.8 6,061.9 6,083.8 6,093.4 6,099.9 6,102.0 2.1 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Change Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. from: 2002 2003 2003p 2003p 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2003p Nov. 2003- Dec. 2003 Total private......................... 34.1 33.8 34.1 33.7 33.8 33.7 33.7 33.8 33.9 33.7 -0.2 Goods-producing........................... 40.1 40.2 40.3 40.3 39.8 39.8 39.9 39.9 40.1 40.0 -.1 Natural resources and mining.................. 43.0 44.0 44.1 43.4 43.0 43.7 43.7 43.8 43.8 43.6 -.2 Construction.................................. 37.6 38.9 38.2 37.7 38.2 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.4 38.3 -.1 Manufacturing................................. 41.2 40.7 41.2 41.5 40.5 40.2 40.5 40.6 40.8 40.7 -.1 Overtime hours............................. 4.7 4.4 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 .1 Durable goods................................ 41.6 41.1 41.5 42.0 40.9 40.5 40.9 41.0 41.2 41.2 .0 Overtime hours............................. 4.7 4.5 4.7 5.3 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 .2 Wood products............................... 40.0 41.0 41.4 41.1 39.9 40.4 40.4 40.8 41.2 40.9 -.3 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 41.5 42.6 42.7 42.0 41.9 42.1 41.9 42.2 42.4 42.4 .0 Primary metals.............................. 43.3 42.3 43.0 43.6 42.6 41.9 42.2 42.4 42.8 42.8 .0 Fabricated metal products................... 41.4 41.0 41.4 41.7 40.5 40.5 40.7 40.9 41.0 40.8 -.2 Machinery................................... 41.4 40.8 41.5 42.3 40.5 40.7 41.0 41.0 41.3 41.4 .1 Computer and electronic products............ 41.5 40.8 41.3 41.3 40.5 41.1 40.6 40.6 40.7 40.4 -.3 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 41.8 41.2 41.4 42.4 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.9 40.8 41.1 .3 Transportation equipment.................... 43.0 42.4 42.5 43.8 42.4 40.7 42.0 42.0 42.3 42.7 .4 Furniture and related products.............. 40.4 39.1 39.8 40.5 39.9 39.1 39.3 39.3 39.6 39.8 .2 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 39.4 38.3 39.3 39.2 38.8 38.2 38.4 38.3 38.9 38.5 -.4 Nondurable goods............................. 40.5 40.1 40.7 40.6 40.0 39.7 39.9 40.0 40.2 40.0 -.2 Overtime hours............................. 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.4 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.2 -.1 Food manufacturing.......................... 40.1 39.7 40.2 39.9 39.4 39.3 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.3 -.1 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 38.8 39.2 40.0 38.7 38.5 38.8 39.3 39.0 39.9 38.7 -1.2 Textile mills............................... 40.6 39.1 40.1 40.2 40.4 38.7 39.1 39.3 39.9 39.7 -.2 Textile product mills....................... 40.1 40.4 40.4 40.6 39.3 39.9 40.6 40.3 40.2 39.8 -.4 Apparel..................................... 36.4 36.0 36.4 35.9 36.3 34.7 35.2 35.8 36.0 35.7 -.3 Leather and allied products................. 39.2 39.2 39.6 40.3 39.0 39.0 38.6 39.3 39.5 40.0 .5 Paper and paper products.................... 42.6 41.7 42.2 42.7 41.8 41.2 41.2 41.6 41.8 41.8 .0 Printing and related support activities..... 38.9 38.9 39.0 38.8 38.5 38.0 38.2 38.6 38.5 38.3 -.2 Petroleum and coal products................. 44.0 45.2 46.0 44.5 44.0 44.4 44.2 45.0 45.9 44.6 -1.3 Chemicals................................... 42.9 42.1 43.1 42.9 42.3 42.3 42.3 42.1 42.7 42.4 -.3 Plastics and rubber products................ 41.0 40.8 41.1 41.6 40.3 40.2 40.5 40.7 40.7 40.8 .1 Private service-providing................ 32.8 32.3 32.7 32.2 32.5 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.3 -.2 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 33.9 33.6 33.7 33.4 33.5 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.6 33.4 -.2 Wholesale trade.............................. 38.2 38.0 38.6 37.7 37.8 37.9 37.9 38.1 38.0 37.8 -.2 Retail trade................................. 31.2 30.8 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.8 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.7 -.2 Transportation and warehousing............... 37.6 37.1 37.7 36.9 37.0 36.9 36.9 37.1 37.1 36.6 -.5 Utilities.................................... 41.1 41.2 41.5 40.5 41.2 40.9 40.5 41.0 41.1 40.6 -.5 Information................................... 36.8 36.3 37.0 36.2 36.4 36.3 36.2 36.3 36.5 36.3 -.2 Financial activities.......................... 36.3 35.3 36.1 35.2 35.7 35.5 35.4 35.5 35.5 35.3 -.2 Professional and business services............ 34.5 33.9 34.3 33.7 34.2 33.9 34.0 34.0 34.1 33.8 -.3 Education and health services................. 32.6 32.4 32.9 32.5 32.4 32.7 32.5 32.5 32.7 32.6 -.1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 25.8 25.5 25.7 25.2 25.8 25.4 25.6 25.6 25.7 25.6 -.1 Other services................................ 32.1 31.7 31.8 31.5 31.9 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.7 31.5 -.2 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. 2002 2003 2003p 2003p 2002 2003 2003p 2003p Total private........................... $15.26 $15.46 $15.53 $15.52 $520.37 $522.55 $529.57 $523.02 Seasonally adjusted.................... 15.20 15.46 15.47 15.50 513.76 522.55 524.43 522.35 Goods-producing............................. 16.66 16.94 16.95 17.04 668.07 680.99 683.09 686.71 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.40 17.77 17.76 18.01 748.20 781.88 783.22 781.63 Construction.................................... 18.90 19.11 19.11 19.18 710.64 743.38 730.00 723.09 Manufacturing................................... 15.65 15.81 15.87 16.02 644.78 643.47 653.84 664.83 Durable goods.................................. 16.39 16.54 16.56 16.73 681.82 679.79 687.24 702.66 Wood products................................. 12.49 12.82 12.88 12.84 499.60 525.62 533.23 527.72 Nonmetallic mineral products.................. 15.55 15.95 15.94 15.91 645.33 679.47 680.64 668.22 Primary metals................................ 18.09 18.22 18.27 18.33 783.30 770.71 785.61 799.19 Fabricated metal products..................... 14.97 15.02 15.05 15.25 619.76 615.82 623.07 635.93 Machinery..................................... 16.20 16.38 16.52 16.71 670.68 668.30 685.58 706.83 Computer and electronic products.............. 16.41 16.74 16.81 16.79 681.02 682.99 694.25 693.43 Electrical equipment and appliances........... 14.16 14.34 14.55 14.63 591.89 590.81 602.37 620.31 Transportation equipment...................... 21.42 21.36 21.27 21.58 921.06 905.66 903.98 945.20 Furniture and related products................ 12.93 13.01 13.08 13.21 522.37 508.69 520.58 535.01 Miscellaneous manufacturing................... 13.08 13.47 13.49 13.57 515.35 515.90 530.16 531.94 Nondurable goods............................... 14.48 14.68 14.79 14.88 586.44 588.67 601.95 604.13 Food manufacturing............................ 12.81 12.75 12.81 12.94 513.68 506.18 514.96 516.31 Beverages and tobacco products................ 18.04 17.90 18.30 17.96 699.95 701.68 732.00 695.05 Textile mills................................. 11.83 12.02 12.14 12.20 480.30 469.98 486.81 490.44 Textile product mills......................... 11.20 11.39 11.42 11.56 449.12 460.16 461.37 469.34 Apparel....................................... 9.30 9.70 9.70 9.85 338.52 349.20 353.08 353.62 Leather and allied products................... 11.51 11.89 11.94 11.99 451.19 466.09 472.82 483.20 Paper and paper products...................... 17.26 17.57 17.71 17.66 735.28 732.67 747.36 754.08 Printing and related support activities....... 15.35 15.42 15.53 15.58 597.12 599.84 605.67 604.50 Petroleum and coal products................... 23.65 23.69 24.00 23.97 1040.60 1070.79 1104.00 1066.67 Chemicals..................................... 18.34 18.68 18.84 18.84 786.79 786.43 812.00 808.24 Plastics and rubber products.................. 13.81 14.17 14.22 14.41 566.21 578.14 584.44 599.46 Private service-providing.................. 14.88 15.05 15.15 15.11 488.06 486.12 495.41 486.54 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.12 14.39 14.43 14.35 478.67 483.50 486.29 479.29 Wholesale trade................................ 17.22 17.39 17.48 17.37 657.80 660.82 674.73 654.85 Retail trade................................... 11.76 11.92 11.92 11.91 366.91 367.14 365.94 366.83 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.04 16.35 16.51 16.52 603.10 606.59 622.43 609.59 Utilities...................................... 24.26 25.20 25.44 25.50 997.09 1038.24 1055.76 1032.75 Information..................................... 20.90 21.35 21.36 21.17 769.12 775.01 790.32 766.35 Financial activities............................ 16.64 17.23 17.27 17.12 604.03 608.22 623.45 602.62 Professional and business services.............. 17.28 17.17 17.45 17.36 596.16 582.06 598.54 585.03 Education and health services................... 15.55 15.81 15.83 15.89 506.93 512.24 520.81 516.43 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.81 8.77 8.80 8.92 227.30 223.64 226.16 224.78 Other services.................................. 14.01 13.95 14.01 14.05 449.72 442.22 445.52 442.58 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from: 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2003p Nov. 2003- Dec. 2003 Total private: Current dollars........................ $15.20 $15.45 $15.44 $15.46 $15.47 $15.50 0.2 Constant (1982) dollars(2)............. 8.30 8.30 8.27 8.29 8.32 N.A. (3) Goods-producing............................. 16.60 16.86 16.89 16.90 16.92 16.97 .3 Natural resources and mining.................... 17.37 17.69 17.74 17.82 17.82 17.95 .7 Construction.................................... 18.81 18.99 19.02 19.03 19.08 19.10 .1 Manufacturing................................... 15.55 15.79 15.83 15.83 15.85 15.90 .3 Excluding overtime(4)........................ 14.77 15.02 15.05 15.03 15.02 15.05 .2 Durable goods.................................. 16.28 16.49 16.55 16.53 16.52 16.60 .5 Nondurable goods............................... 14.41 14.70 14.71 14.73 14.79 14.80 .1 Private service-providing.................. 14.81 15.06 15.04 15.07 15.08 15.10 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities............ 14.19 14.39 14.37 14.41 14.43 14.45 .1 Wholesale trade................................ 17.13 17.40 17.40 17.42 17.39 17.37 -.1 Retail trade................................... 11.83 11.96 11.94 11.96 11.97 11.99 .2 Transportation and warehousing................. 16.02 16.36 16.34 16.38 16.45 16.49 .2 Utilities...................................... 24.09 24.95 24.93 25.21 25.34 25.34 .0 Information..................................... 20.74 21.32 21.28 21.22 21.19 21.06 -.6 Financial activities............................ 16.56 17.33 17.25 17.23 17.18 17.19 .1 Professional and business services.............. 17.09 17.24 17.24 17.28 17.32 17.33 .1 Education and health services................... 15.52 15.76 15.76 15.80 15.82 15.84 .1 Leisure and hospitality......................... 8.73 8.75 8.76 8.77 8.78 8.82 .5 Other services.................................. 13.94 13.98 13.98 13.98 13.99 14.00 .1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was 0.4 percent from Oct. 2003 to Nov. 2003, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from: 2002 2003 2003p 2003p 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2003p Nov. 2003- Dec. 2003 Total private......................... 100.7 99.8 100.7 99.3 99.4 98.7 98.7 99.1 99.4 98.8 -0.6 Goods-producing........................... 98.5 98.4 97.9 96.5 98.2 96.0 96.1 96.1 96.5 96.2 -.3 Natural resources and mining.................. 96.7 99.2 99.2 95.8 96.7 96.2 95.5 96.7 96.9 96.0 -.9 Construction.................................. 95.5 104.8 101.3 96.6 98.5 99.9 99.6 99.6 99.6 99.6 .0 Manufacturing................................. 99.9 95.4 96.3 96.6 98.2 94.1 94.6 94.7 95.0 94.6 -.4 Durable goods................................ 100.1 95.1 96.1 97.1 98.3 93.8 94.5 94.7 95.1 95.0 -.1 Wood products............................... 97.9 100.6 101.7 100.6 98.3 97.5 97.8 99.4 101.1 100.6 -.5 Nonmetallic mineral products................ 95.1 97.4 97.3 93.7 97.0 94.9 94.1 94.9 95.4 95.5 .1 Primary metals.............................. 100.1 91.4 92.5 94.6 98.3 91.7 91.7 91.8 92.4 92.8 .4 Fabricated metal products................... 99.9 95.6 96.7 97.4 97.6 94.2 94.5 95.1 95.5 95.1 -.4 Machinery................................... 99.9 93.9 96.2 97.9 97.6 94.3 95.0 94.8 95.8 95.5 -.3 Computer and electronic products............ 102.2 93.9 95.1 94.4 99.3 95.4 93.9 93.4 93.3 91.9 -1.5 Electrical equipment and appliances......... 100.6 92.0 92.8 95.4 97.8 91.6 91.3 91.7 91.7 92.5 .9 Transportation equipment.................... 100.9 96.7 97.1 100.1 98.8 92.8 95.5 95.4 95.7 96.6 .9 Furniture and related products.............. 100.2 93.5 95.1 96.8 98.9 93.2 93.8 93.8 94.5 94.8 .3 Miscellaneous manufacturing................. 100.4 93.2 95.3 94.7 98.8 93.2 93.2 92.9 94.0 92.9 -1.2 Nondurable goods............................. 99.3 95.7 96.3 95.3 98.2 94.4 94.6 94.7 94.7 93.9 -.8 Food manufacturing.......................... 101.2 101.6 101.2 99.4 99.2 98.5 98.8 98.8 98.1 97.7 -.4 Beverages and tobacco products.............. 90.8 87.5 86.1 82.8 91.3 85.1 85.0 84.8 86.4 83.7 -3.1 Textile mills............................... 97.1 83.0 84.6 83.1 96.9 83.6 84.3 83.6 84.2 82.5 -2.0 Textile product mills....................... 101.0 94.3 94.2 95.1 99.1 91.8 95.0 94.3 93.9 93.1 -.9 Apparel..................................... 92.2 79.3 80.3 76.9 93.1 76.2 76.7 77.8 78.5 76.7 -2.3 Leather and allied products................. 97.5 87.0 88.7 90.2 97.8 88.1 87.5 88.3 88.7 89.8 1.2 Paper and paper products.................... 99.9 93.4 94.2 95.0 97.9 92.8 92.4 93.0 93.1 92.7 -.4 Printing and related support activities..... 98.9 97.4 97.1 96.0 97.3 95.5 95.5 96.1 95.6 94.4 -1.3 Petroleum and coal products................. 100.5 102.2 103.3 96.2 102.2 99.5 98.8 100.0 101.7 98.0 -3.6 Chemicals................................... 101.1 97.8 99.9 100.3 99.8 99.6 99.1 98.6 99.6 99.2 -.4 Plastics and rubber products................ 99.7 97.2 97.0 97.8 98.3 95.7 96.3 96.6 96.3 96.1 -.2 Private service-providing................ 101.5 99.9 101.3 99.8 99.9 99.5 99.6 99.7 100.0 99.4 -.6 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 103.3 99.1 100.9 100.8 98.9 98.2 98.6 98.6 98.5 97.7 -.8 Wholesale trade.............................. 99.6 97.6 99.2 96.9 98.4 97.2 97.3 97.7 97.5 97.1 -.4 Retail trade................................. 105.3 99.5 101.6 103.2 99.2 99.0 99.4 99.5 99.2 98.2 -1.0 Transportation and warehousing............... 102.6 99.4 101.2 99.2 99.3 97.1 97.6 98.3 98.4 96.9 -1.5 Utilities.................................... 100.0 99.7 100.6 98.4 100.5 98.8 98.0 99.5 99.8 98.7 -1.1 Information................................... 99.2 98.7 101.3 99.6 98.0 99.2 99.1 99.6 100.2 99.8 -.4 Financial activities.......................... 102.5 100.4 102.5 100.0 100.9 101.4 101.2 101.2 101.1 100.5 -.6 Professional and business services............ 99.8 100.1 100.7 98.4 99.2 98.3 98.8 99.0 99.4 98.9 -.5 Education and health services................. 102.5 103.0 105.0 103.4 100.9 102.5 102.0 102.3 103.0 102.7 -.3 Leisure and hospitality....................... 97.8 98.4 97.9 95.8 100.3 98.6 99.3 99.5 100.0 99.6 -.4 Other services................................ 99.3 97.4 97.8 96.7 98.9 97.8 97.8 97.6 97.6 96.9 -.7 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers(1) on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent Industry Dec. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. change from: 2002 2003 2003p 2003p 2002 2003 2003 2003 2003p 2003p Nov. 2003- Dec. 2003 Total private......................... 102.8 103.2 104.6 103.1 101.0 102.0 102.0 102.5 102.8 102.4 -0.4 Goods-producing........................... 100.4 102.1 101.7 100.7 99.8 99.1 99.4 99.4 100.0 99.9 -.1 Natural resources and mining.................. 97.8 102.4 102.3 100.2 97.6 98.8 98.4 100.0 100.3 100.1 -.2 Construction.................................. 97.5 108.2 104.6 100.1 100.1 102.4 102.3 102.3 102.7 102.7 .0 Manufacturing................................. 102.3 98.6 99.9 101.2 99.8 97.2 97.9 98.0 98.5 98.3 -.2 Durable goods................................ 102.5 98.2 99.4 101.4 99.9 96.5 97.6 97.7 98.1 98.5 .4 Nondurable goods............................. 101.6 99.2 100.6 100.2 99.9 98.0 98.4 98.5 99.0 98.2 -.8 Private service-providing................ 103.7 103.2 105.4 103.6 101.5 102.9 102.9 103.2 103.6 103.1 -.5 Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 104.0 101.8 103.9 103.2 100.2 100.8 101.1 101.4 101.4 100.7 -.7 Wholesale trade.............................. 101.1 100.1 102.2 99.2 99.4 99.7 99.8 100.3 100.0 99.4 -.6 Retail trade................................. 106.1 101.7 103.8 105.4 100.6 101.5 101.7 101.9 101.7 100.9 -.8 Transportation and warehousing............... 104.3 103.1 106.0 103.9 100.9 100.7 101.1 102.0 102.6 101.3 -1.3 Utilities.................................... 101.4 105.0 106.9 104.8 101.1 102.9 102.1 104.8 105.7 104.5 -1.1 Information................................... 102.5 104.2 107.0 104.3 100.5 104.5 104.3 104.4 105.0 103.9 -1.0 Financial activities.......................... 105.5 107.0 109.4 105.9 103.4 108.7 108.0 107.9 107.4 106.8 -.6 Professional and business services............ 102.5 102.2 104.5 101.6 100.9 100.8 101.3 101.8 102.4 101.9 -.5 Education and health services................. 104.7 107.1 109.2 108.0 102.9 106.2 105.7 106.2 107.1 107.0 -.1 Leisure and hospitality....................... 100.5 100.7 100.5 99.7 102.2 100.6 101.5 101.8 102.4 102.5 .1 Other services................................ 101.4 99.0 99.8 99.0 100.4 99.7 99.6 99.4 99.5 98.9 -.6 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production or nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 1999 .............. 56.3 64.7 56.7 65.8 64.2 61.9 63.3 59.9 57.6 64.4 69.1 64.4 2000 .............. 65.5 60.3 65.5 58.8 47.7 61.7 65.5 52.9 52.3 54.1 57.7 53.2 2001 .............. 52.3 49.6 48.6 36.5 41.4 38.1 35.6 38.5 39.0 35.6 37.8 36.0 2002 .............. 40.5 37.4 37.6 41.0 41.7 43.7 39.0 41.7 43.3 43.9 42.4 37.2 2003 .............. 44.2 36.7 44.1 46.9 43.3 37.2 43.2 40.8 50.0 50.0 p54.3 p50.4 Over 3-month span: 1999 .............. 61.5 64.9 61.0 65.8 66.4 69.1 66.9 64.4 62.2 62.9 66.7 69.6 2000 .............. 70.1 66.0 68.3 68.3 58.5 56.3 58.1 62.2 55.9 53.1 54.0 58.3 2001 .............. 54.9 50.7 50.5 43.5 37.2 36.0 36.2 35.8 34.5 32.2 31.7 30.9 2002 .............. 34.4 38.3 36.5 35.4 36.7 38.8 39.7 41.4 38.1 39.0 37.8 34.9 2003 .............. 36.0 35.6 36.0 41.2 43.0 40.6 37.6 34.5 43.5 46.6 p50.5 p49.8 Over 6-month span: 1999 .............. 66.9 64.9 63.7 64.0 65.6 65.8 66.7 66.2 69.4 68.7 66.4 66.5 2000 .............. 67.6 68.7 71.4 71.9 68.5 66.2 67.3 60.4 58.3 55.0 61.0 55.2 2001 .............. 53.2 51.4 50.7 47.1 42.8 38.8 37.6 34.5 31.1 32.9 31.3 31.7 2002 .............. 30.6 29.9 31.1 31.3 33.3 35.8 36.9 37.4 37.8 39.9 38.3 35.8 2003 .............. 37.4 36.5 35.1 34.7 37.4 36.5 38.7 35.1 40.8 38.8 p42.6 p44.8 Over 12-month span: 1999 .............. 70.5 68.7 68.2 68.0 68.3 68.3 68.0 68.0 67.8 69.1 68.3 69.1 2000 .............. 70.9 69.2 73.2 71.0 69.8 71.0 70.0 70.3 70.3 65.6 63.8 62.1 2001 .............. 59.5 59.5 53.4 49.3 48.6 45.0 43.3 43.9 39.9 37.8 37.1 34.9 2002 .............. 33.6 31.7 30.2 30.2 30.4 30.6 30.8 31.8 31.5 30.0 33.5 33.3 2003 .............. 33.8 33.3 34.5 35.4 36.5 35.4 35.8 33.6 38.1 37.4 p34.9 p38.5 Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries(1) Over 1-month span: 1999 .............. 42.3 38.7 33.3 39.3 52.4 34.5 50.0 40.5 41.7 50.6 56.0 51.8 2000 .............. 50.6 53.6 54.8 42.9 39.9 53.6 62.5 28.6 24.4 35.1 41.1 38.7 2001 .............. 24.4 22.0 24.4 14.3 14.3 19.6 14.3 13.7 17.9 16.7 16.7 9.5 2002 .............. 19.0 22.6 20.8 33.9 30.4 32.1 34.5 25.0 31.0 19.6 21.4 25.0 2003 .............. 36.3 19.0 27.4 20.2 30.4 25.6 31.5 25.6 33.3 32.7 p42.9 p38.1 Over 3-month span: 1999 .............. 33.9 40.5 37.5 35.7 41.7 43.5 42.3 38.1 41.1 44.6 49.4 56.5 2000 .............. 54.2 54.8 58.3 51.8 41.7 41.1 54.8 48.2 29.2 25.6 25.0 42.3 2001 .............. 34.5 24.4 17.9 14.3 11.9 14.3 10.7 7.7 8.3 9.5 8.9 8.3 2002 .............. 11.9 11.9 16.7 20.2 21.4 20.2 28.6 25.6 25.6 17.9 14.9 10.7 2003 .............. 14.9 15.5 19.6 16.7 17.9 14.3 20.2 18.5 24.4 25.6 p31.0 p35.1 Over 6-month span: 1999 .............. 37.5 32.7 30.4 33.3 36.9 38.1 38.1 34.5 40.5 46.4 41.1 48.2 2000 .............. 47.0 51.2 56.5 57.1 49.4 47.6 56.0 44.0 36.9 35.1 34.5 31.0 2001 .............. 23.8 24.4 20.8 17.9 14.9 11.9 13.7 9.5 8.3 6.5 6.5 6.0 2002 .............. 7.7 8.9 7.7 8.9 12.5 16.7 19.6 19.6 23.8 17.9 16.7 13.7 2003 .............. 13.7 14.3 12.5 11.9 12.5 15.5 13.1 13.7 16.1 16.7 p19.6 p24.4 Over 12-month span: 1999 .............. 35.7 32.1 29.8 32.1 32.7 32.1 34.5 32.1 33.3 39.3 41.1 42.9 2000 .............. 41.7 39.3 47.0 50.0 46.4 52.4 51.8 49.4 46.4 40.5 35.1 33.3 2001 .............. 29.8 32.1 20.8 19.0 13.1 12.5 10.7 11.9 11.9 10.1 8.3 6.0 2002 .............. 7.1 6.0 6.0 7.1 7.7 5.4 6.0 8.9 7.7 9.5 13.1 13.1 2003 .............. 13.7 15.5 16.7 13.1 15.5 16.1 13.1 14.3 12.5 13.1 p11.9 p14.3 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.