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Economic News Release
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Table 1. Retirement benefits: Access, participation, and take-up rates

Table 1. Retirement benefits(1): Access, participation, and take-up rates, March 2023 [All workers = 100 percent]
Characteristics Civilian(2) Private industry State and local government
Access Participation Take-up rate(3) Access Participation Take-up rate(3) Access Participation Take-up rate(3)

All workers

73 56 77 70 53 75 91 81 89

Worker characteristics

Management, professional, and related occupations

88 76 86 86 74 85 93 82 88

Management, business, and financial occupations

88 79 89 88 78 89 - - -

Professional and related occupations

88 75 85 86 72 83 93 82 88

Teachers

88 75 85 - - - 94 83 88

Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers

96 82 85 - - - 99 88 89

Registered nurses

91 82 89 - - - - - -

Service occupations

48 31 65 43 25 59 85 76 89

Protective service occupations

75 64 85 55 38 69 92 85 92

Sales and office occupations

75 54 72 73 51 70 92 82 89

Sales and related occupations

73 43 59 72 43 59 - - -

Office and administrative support occupations

76 62 81 74 58 79 92 82 89

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

72 57 78 70 54 77 97 91 93

Construction, extraction, farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

69 54 79 67 51 77 - - -

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

76 59 78 74 57 77 - - -

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations

75 55 74 75 55 73 90 82 91

Production occupations

75 57 76 74 57 76 - - -

Transportation and material moving occupations

76 55 72 75 53 71 - - -

Full time

82 66 81 79 63 79 99 88 89

Part time

44 24 54 44 22 51 43 37 86

Union

95 85 89 94 84 90 97 85 88

Nonunion

70 52 75 68 50 73 86 78 90

Average wage within the following categories:(4)

Lowest 25 percent

49 28 56 48 25 52 78 68 87

Lowest 10 percent

38 20 51 37 18 47 70 60 86

Second 25 percent

73 53 73 69 48 70 94 84 90

Third 25 percent

83 70 83 81 65 81 98 88 90

Highest 25 percent

92 82 89 90 81 90 97 85 88

Highest 10 percent

93 84 90 92 84 91 97 83 85

Establishment characteristics

Goods-producing industries

78 63 80 78 63 80 - - -

Service-providing industries

72 55 77 69 51 74 91 81 89

Education and health services

81 65 81 75 58 78 93 81 87

Educational services

88 77 88 73 62 85 93 82 88

Elementary and secondary schools

92 81 88 - - - 93 82 89

Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools

90 79 87 87 79 90 92 79 86

Health care and social assistance

77 59 77 75 58 76 92 76 82

Hospitals

93 83 89 - - - 92 73 80

Public administration

92 84 92 - - - 92 84 92

1 to 99 workers

59 42 72 57 40 70 87 78 90

1 to 49 workers

54 39 71 53 37 70 85 76 90

50 to 99 workers

73 54 73 71 50 70 89 81 91

100 workers or more

88 71 81 86 68 79 93 82 88

100 to 499 workers

84 64 76 83 61 73 92 84 91

500 workers or more

91 79 86 91 78 86 93 81 87

Geographic areas

Northeast

72 60 83 69 57 82 91 79 86

New England

72 59 81 70 56 80 87 75 86

Middle Atlantic

72 60 84 68 57 83 93 80 86

South

73 54 74 69 49 71 93 83 89

South Atlantic

75 54 73 73 51 70 91 79 86

East South Central

73 55 75 69 49 71 94 84 90

West South Central

68 53 77 63 46 73 97 89 92

Midwest

75 58 78 73 55 76 90 80 89

East North Central

77 60 78 75 57 76 89 79 89

West North Central

72 56 77 70 52 75 92 83 90

West

72 56 77 70 52 75 90 81 90

Mountain

74 55 74 72 51 71 88 82 93

Pacific

71 56 79 69 53 77 90 81 89

Footnotes
(1) Includes defined benefit pension plans and defined contribution retirement plans. Workers are considered as having access or as participating if they have access to or are participating in at least one of these plan types.
(2) Includes workers in private industry and state and local government. See the Handbook of Methods: National Compensation Measures at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ncs/home.htm for further explanation.
(3) The take-up rate is calculated from the unrounded percentage of workers with access to a plan and who participate in the plan.
(4) Surveyed occupations are classified into wage categories based on the average wage for the occupation, which may include workers with earnings both above and below the threshold. The categories were formed using percentile estimates generated using data from the National Compensation Survey publication, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation.

NOTE: Dash indicates no workers in this category or data did not meet publication criteria. For definitions of major plans, key provisions, and related terms, see the "Glossary of Employee Benefit Terms" at www.bls.gov/ebs/publications/national-compensation-survey-glossary-of-employee-benefit-terms.htm.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.

Last Modified Date: September 21, 2023