Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-13-1802
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Thursday, September 5, 2013
Technical information: (202) 691-5606 dprweb@bls.gov www.bls.gov/lpc
Media contact (202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Second Quarter 2013, Revised
Nonfarm business sector labor productivity increased at a 2.3 percent
annual rate during the second quarter of 2013, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. The increase in productivity reflects increases
of 3.7 percent in output and 1.4 percent in hours worked. (All quarterly
percent changes in this release are seasonally adjusted annual rates.)
From the second quarter of 2012 to the second quarter of 2013,
productivity increased 0.3 percent as output and hours worked rose 2.1
percent and 1.7 percent, respectively. (See table A.)
Labor productivity, or output per hour, is calculated by dividing an index
of real output by an index of hours worked of all persons, including
employees, proprietors, and unpaid family workers. The measures released
today were based on more recent source data than were available for the
preliminary report.
Unit labor costs in nonfarm businesses were unchanged in the second
quarter of 2013, as hourly compensation increased at the same 2.3 percent
rate as productivity. Unit labor costs rose 1.5 percent over the last four
quarters. (See table A.)
BLS defines unit labor costs as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor
productivity; increases in hourly compensation tend to increase unit labor
costs and increases in output per hour tend to reduce them.
Manufacturing sector productivity rose 1.9 percent in the second quarter
of 2013, as output declined 0.6 percent and hours worked declined 2.4
percent. Productivity increased 3.3 percent in the durable goods sector
and 0.2 percent in the nondurable goods sector. Over the last four
quarters, manufacturing productivity increased 1.9 percent, as output
increased 1.9 percent and hours were unchanged. Unit labor costs in
manufacturing rose 2.3 percent in the second quarter of 2013 and decreased
0.5 percent from the same quarter a year ago. (See tables A and 3.)
Preliminary second-quarter 2013 measures of productivity and costs were
announced for the nonfinancial corporate sector. Productivity increased
3.2 percent in the second quarter of 2013, as output and hours rose 4.8
percent and 1.5 percent, respectively. Unit labor costs fell 0.9 percent,
as the 2.3 percent gain in hourly compensation was less than the 3.2
percent gain in productivity. (See tables C and 6.)
The concepts, sources, and methods used for the manufacturing and
nonfinancial corporate output series differ from those used in the
business and nonfarm business output series; these output measures are not
directly comparable. See Technical Notes for a more detailed explanation.
Revised measures
The measures released today are based on more recent source data than were
available for the preliminary report. Tables B and C present previous and
revised productivity and related measures for the major sectors: nonfarm
business, business, and manufacturing, as well as nonfinancial
corporations.
In the second quarter of 2013, nonfarm business productivity increased
2.3 percent, rather than 0.9 percent as reported August 16. The revised
figure reflects both an upward revision to output and a downward revision
to hours worked. Unit labor costs were revised down due solely to the
upward revision to productivity. In the manufacturing sector,
productivity growth was revised down due to a downward revision to output
and an upward revision to hours. Due to the downward revision to
productivity, unit labor costs increased more than previously reported,
2.3 percent.
In the first quarter of 2013, nonfarm business productivity was
unrevised, and manufacturing productivity was revised down slightly from
the August 16 release. In the nonfarm business sector, hourly
compensation and unit labor costs decreased less than previously
reported.
In the nonfinancial corporate sector, productivity, output, and unit labor
costs were subject to revisions for the full period of these series, which
begin in 1947. Measures of output and compensation for the nonfinancial
corporate (NFC) sector now incorporate the revised National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPA) data released on July 31 and corrected on August
15 by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. Hours
were also revised for the NFC sector for 2001 forward, to include revised
NIPA data on the proportion of sector compensation paid to employees of
corporations and of nonprofit institutions. Also, all index measures for
the NFC sector have been converted to a base year of 2009. A new base
generally has little or no effect on percent changes. Historical revisions
to measures for all other sectors due to the NIPA revision and BLS base
year change were published with the August 16, 2013 release of
Productivity and Costs.
In the first quarter of 2013, nonfinancial corporate sector productivity
declined 4.1 percent, rather than increasing 0.3 percent as reported June
5. Unit labor costs declined 2.1 percent in the first quarter, compared to
the 1.5 percent decrease published June 5.
Annual Average productivity growth for 2012 in the nonfinancial corporate
sector was revised to 1.4 percent from 0.7 percent due to an upward
revision to output. For the full series from 1947 to 2012, the average
annual rate of growth is 2.4 percent, slightly higher than the 2.3 percent
rate published June 5.
Revised quarterly and annual series for recent years for all sectors
appear in tables 1-6. Revised annual indexes for the NFC sector for all
years appear in appendix table 1. Full historical annual and quarterly
measures can be found on the productivity and costs home page
http://www.bls.gov/lpc/#data.
______________
The preliminary Productivity and Costs press release for third-quarter 2013
is scheduled to be released on Wednesday, November 6, 2013 at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
======================================================================================================
Table A. Revised second-quarter 2013 measures: percent change from previous quarter, at annual rate
(Q to Q) and from same quarter a year ago (Y to Y)
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y Q to Q Y to Y
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Productivity 2.3 0.3 2.1 0.7 1.9 1.9 3.3 2.6 0.2 1.1
Output 3.7 2.1 3.4 2.1 -0.6 1.9 0.5 2.6 -1.9 1.0
Hours 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.5 -2.4 0.0 -2.7 0.0 -2.1 -0.1
Hourly
compensation 2.3 1.8 2.4 2.1 4.2 1.4 4.6 1.2 3.4 1.8
Real hourly
compensation 2.3 0.3 2.5 0.6 4.2 0.0 4.7 -0.2 3.4 0.4
Unit labor
costs 0.0 1.5 0.4 1.4 2.3 -0.5 1.3 -1.4 3.2 0.7
======================================================================================================
Table B. Revised and previous measures: second quarter and first quarter 2013
Sector Nonfarm Durable Nondurable
Business Business Manufacturing Manufacturing Manufacturing
Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous Revised Previous
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, second quarter 2013
Productivity 2.3 0.9 2.1 0.7 1.9 2.7 3.3 4.5 0.2 0.7
Output 3.7 2.6 3.4 2.3 -0.6 0.1 0.5 1.5 -1.9 -1.5
Hours 1.4 1.7 1.3 1.6 -2.4 -2.6 -2.7 -2.9 -2.1 -2.1
Hourly
compensation 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 4.6 3.4 3.5
Real hourly
compensation 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.4 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.6 3.4 3.5
Unit labor
costs 0.0 1.4 0.4 1.7 2.3 1.4 1.3 0.1 3.2 2.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2013
Productivity -1.7 -1.7 0.4 0.4 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.8 4.4 4.7
Output -0.3 -0.3 1.4 1.4 5.4 5.6 6.4 6.5 4.3 4.5
Hours 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6 2.6 2.6 -0.2 -0.2
Hourly
compensation -5.2 -5.9 -4.6 -5.3 -0.7 0.6 -1.2 0.9 0.2 -0.4
Real hourly
compensation -6.6 -7.3 -6.0 -6.7 -2.1 -0.9 -2.7 -0.6 -1.3 -1.8
Unit labor
costs -3.5 -4.2 -4.9 -5.6 -4.2 -3.2 -4.7 -2.8 -4.0 -4.8
======================================================================================================
Table C. Nonfinancial corporations: preliminary second quarter and revised first quarter 2013
Real
Hourly hourly Unit Implicit
Produc- compen- compen- labor Unit price
tivity Output Hours sation sation costs profits deflator
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change, annual rate, second quarter 2013
Q to Q 3.2 4.8 1.5 2.3 2.3 -0.9 12.7 -0.2
Y to Y 0.1 1.9 1.8 1.0 -0.4 0.9 3.5 1.2
Percent change, annual rate, first quarter 2013
Revised -4.1 -1.3 2.9 -6.1 -7.5 -2.1 0.3 1.3
Previous 0.3 3.3 3.0 -1.2 -2.7 -1.5 -6.3 -0.2
======================================================================================================
TECHNICAL NOTES
Labor Hours: Hours data for the labor productivity and cost measures
include hours for all persons working in the sector--wage and salary
workers, the self-employed and unpaid family workers. The primary source
of hours and employment data is the BLS Current Employment Statistics
(CES) program, which provides monthly survey data on the number of jobs
held by wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments. The CES also
provides average weekly paid hours of production and nonsupervisory
workers in these establishments. Weekly paid hours are adjusted to hours
at work using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS). The BLS
Hours at Work survey, conducted for this purpose, was used for earlier
years. The Office of Productivity and Technology estimates average weekly
hours at work for nonproduction and supervisory workers using information
from the Current Population Survey (CPS), the CES, and the NCS.
Data from the CPS are used for farm labor, nonfarm proprietors, and
nonfarm unpaid family workers. Estimates of labor input for government
enterprises are derived from the CPS, the CES, and the National Income and
Product Accounts (NIPA) prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
of the Department of Commerce.
The CES measures jobs, counting a person who is employed by two or
more establishments at each place of employment. In contrast, the CPS
features measures of employment that count each person only once and
classify each person according to his or her primary job; hours worked at
all jobs by that person accrue to his or her primary job. However, the CPS
also collects more detailed information on employment and hours worked at
primary jobs and all other jobs, separately. The BLS productivity measures
use the more detailed information on employment and hours to assign all
hours worked to the correct industrial sector and avoid duplicating hours
data from the CES.
Output: Business sector output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
constructed after excluding from gross domestic product (GDP) the
following outputs: general government, nonprofit institutions, and private
households (including owner-occupied housing). Corresponding exclusions
also are made in labor inputs. Business output accounted for about 75
percent of the value of GDP in 2012. Nonfarm business, which excludes
farming, accounted for about 74 percent of GDP in 2012.
Annual indexes for manufacturing and its durable and nondurable goods
components are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of
production data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census with deflators from the
BLS. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program
and other sources. The industry shipments are aggregated using annual
weights, and intrasector transactions are removed. Quarterly manufacturing
output measures are based on the index of industrial production prepared
monthly by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, adjusted
to be consistent with annual indexes of manufacturing sector output
prepared by BLS. Durables include the following 3-digit NAICS industries:
wood product manufacturing; nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing;
primary metal manufacturing; fabricated metal product manufacturing;
machinery manufacturing; computer and electronic product manufacturing;
electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing; transportation equipment
manufacturing; furniture and related product manufacturing; and
miscellaneous manufacturing. Nondurables include: food manufacturing;
beverage and tobacco product manufacturing; textile mills; textile product
mills; apparel manufacturing; leather and allied product manufacturing;
paper manufacturing; printing and related support activities; petroleum
and coal products manufacturing; chemical manufacturing; and plastics and
rubber products manufacturing.
Nonfinancial corporate output is a chain-type, current-weighted index
calculated on the basis of the costs incurred and the incomes earned from
production. The output measure excludes the following outputs from GDP:
general government; nonprofit institutions; private households;
unincorporated business; and those corporations classified as offices of
bank holding companies, offices of other holding companies, or offices in
the finance and insurance sector. Nonfinancial corporations accounted for
about 49 percent of the value of GDP in 2012.
Productivity: These productivity measures describe the relationship
between real output and the labor time involved in its production. They
show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services
produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours at work
of all persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific
contribution of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather,
they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in
technology; capital investment; level of output; utilization of capacity,
energy, and materials; the organization of production; managerial skill;
and the characteristics and effort of the work force.
Labor Compensation: The measure includes accrued wages and salaries,
supplements, employer contributions to employee benefit plans, and taxes.
Estimates of labor compensation by major sector, required for measures of
hourly compensation and unit labor costs, are based primarily on employee
compensation data from the NIPA, prepared by the BEA. The compensation of
employees in general government, nonprofit institutions and private
households are subtracted from compensation of domestic employees to
derive employee compensation for the business sector. The labor
compensation of proprietors cannot be explicitly identified and must be
estimated. This is done by assuming that proprietors have the same hourly
compensation as employees in the same sector. The quarterly labor
productivity and cost measures do not contain estimates of compensation
for unpaid family workers.
Unit Labor Costs: The measures of unit labor costs in this release
describe the relationship between compensation per hour and productivity,
or real output per hour, and can be used as an indicator of inflationary
pressure on producers. Increases in hourly compensation increase unit
labor costs; labor productivity increases offset compensation increases
and lower unit labor costs.
Presentation of the data: The quarterly data in this release are presented
in three ways: as percent changes from the previous quarter presented at a
compound annual rate, as percent changes from the corresponding quarter of
the previous year, and as index number series where 2009=100. Annual data
are presented both as index number series and percent changes from the
previous year.
The index numbers and rates of change reported in the productivity
and costs news release are rounded to one decimal place. All percent
changes in this release and on the BLS web site are calculated using index
numbers to three decimal places. These index numbers are available at the
BLS web site, www.bls.gov/data/home.htm, or by contacting the BLS Division
of Major Sector Productivity. (Telephone 202-691-5606 or email
DPRWEB@BLS.GOV)
Information in this release will be made available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5606; Federal Relay Service
number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 II 2.1 r 3.4 r 1.3 r 2.4 2.5 r 0.4 r 0.8 r 0.5
I 0.4 1.4 1.0 -4.6 r -6.0 r -4.9 r 11.4 r 1.8
2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.6 1.8
2012 IV -1.9 0.2 2.1 10.2 7.8 12.2 -11.5 1.2
III 2.1 3.6 1.4 0.8 -1.2 -1.3 7.4 2.5
II 1.3 1.6 0.3 1.9 0.9 0.6 3.9 2.0
I 1.3 4.9 3.5 8.8 6.3 7.4 -5.4 1.6
2011 ANNUAL 0.4 2.4 2.0 2.4 -0.7 2.0 2.3 2.1
2011 IV 3.3 6.4 2.9 -4.5 -5.9 -7.6 12.4 0.7
III -0.1 1.8 1.9 2.6 -0.3 2.8 3.0 2.9
II 1.6 4.1 2.4 -0.7 -5.1 -2.3 9.8 2.7
I -3.3 -1.9 1.4 6.3 1.8 10.0 -8.4 1.7
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 II 0.7 r 2.1 r 1.5 2.1 r 0.6 r 1.4 r 1.6 r 1.5
I 0.5 1.7 1.2 1.9 r 0.2 r 1.5 r 2.4 r 1.9
2012 ANNUAL 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.6 1.8
2012 IV 0.7 2.6 1.8 5.3 3.4 4.6 -1.7 1.8
III 2.0 4.1 2.0 1.6 -0.1 -0.4 4.4 1.7
II 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.1 0.2 0.6 3.3 1.8
I 1.5 4.3 2.7 1.4 -1.4 -0.1 4.7 2.0
2011 ANNUAL 0.4 2.4 2.0 2.4 -0.7 2.0 2.3 2.1
2011 IV 0.3 2.5 2.2 0.8 -2.4 0.5 3.9 2.0
III -0.1 1.9 1.9 2.5 -1.2 2.5 2.3 2.4
II 0.6 2.5 1.9 2.5 -0.9 1.8 2.6 2.2
I 0.6 2.7 2.1 3.8 1.7 3.2 0.1 1.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 II 105.7 r 111.4 r 105.3 r 108.7 r 100.5 r 102.8 r 111.5 r 106.5 r
I 105.2 110.5 105.0 108.1 r 99.9 r 102.7 r 111.3 r 106.3
2012 ANNUAL 105.1 109.4 104.1 107.2 100.1 102.0 109.6 105.2
2012 IV 105.1 110.1 104.7 109.4 101.4 104.1 108.3 105.8
III 105.6 110.0 104.2 106.7 99.5 101.1 111.7 105.5
II 105.0 109.1 103.8 106.5 99.9 101.4 109.7 104.9
I 104.7 108.6 103.7 106.0 99.6 101.3 108.6 104.4
2011 ANNUAL 103.6 105.6 101.9 104.4 99.6 100.8 106.8 103.3
2011 IV 104.4 107.3 102.9 103.8 98.1 99.5 110.2 104.0
III 103.5 105.7 102.1 105.0 99.6 101.5 107.0 103.8
II 103.5 105.2 101.6 104.4 99.7 100.8 106.2 103.0
I 103.1 104.2 101.0 104.5 101.0 101.4 103.7 102.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 2. Nonfarm business sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and prices,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen- Unit Implicit
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit nonlabor price
and of all of all per hour per hour labor payments deflator
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs (3) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 II 2.3 r 3.7 r 1.4 r 2.3 2.3 0.0 r 2.4 r 1.0
I -1.7 -0.3 1.5 -5.2 r -6.6 r -3.5 r 6.8 r 0.7
2012 ANNUAL 1.5 3.7 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.8
2012 IV -1.7 0.7 2.4 9.9 7.5 11.8 -12.0 0.8
III 2.5 4.1 1.6 0.7 -1.3 -1.8 7.7 2.2
II 1.2 1.6 0.4 1.9 0.9 0.7 4.0 2.1
I 1.5 5.0 3.4 9.0 6.5 7.4 -5.5 1.6
2011 ANNUAL 0.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 -0.7 2.0 1.4 1.7
2011 IV 2.9 5.9 2.9 -4.6 -5.9 -7.3 13.3 1.1
III 0.0 1.7 1.7 3.0 0.0 3.0 2.3 2.7
II 1.9 4.7 2.8 -1.1 -5.4 -2.9 10.1 2.4
I -3.2 -2.1 1.2 6.6 2.1 10.2 -10.3 0.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 II 0.3 r 2.1 r 1.7 r 1.8 r 0.3 r 1.5 r 0.9 r 1.2
I 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.7 r 0.0 r 1.6 r 1.3 r 1.5
2012 ANNUAL 1.5 3.7 2.2 2.6 0.5 1.2 2.7 1.8
2012 IV 0.9 2.8 1.9 5.3 3.3 4.4 -1.8 1.7
III 2.0 4.1 2.1 1.6 0.0 -0.4 4.6 1.8
II 1.4 3.5 2.1 2.2 0.3 0.8 3.3 1.9
I 1.6 4.3 2.7 1.5 -1.3 -0.1 4.8 1.9
2011 ANNUAL 0.5 2.5 2.0 2.5 -0.7 2.0 1.4 1.7
2011 IV 0.4 2.5 2.1 0.9 -2.4 0.5 3.4 1.8
III 0.2 2.1 1.9 2.6 -1.1 2.4 1.4 2.0
II 0.7 2.7 1.9 2.4 -0.9 1.7 1.7 1.7
I 0.6 2.7 2.1 4.0 1.8 3.3 -0.9 1.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 II 105.5 r 111.4 r 105.6 r 108.7 r 100.4 r 103.0 r 109.4 r 105.6 r
I 104.9 110.4 105.2 108.0 r 99.8 r 103.0 r 108.7 r 105.4
2012 ANNUAL 105.3 109.7 104.1 107.4 100.3 102.0 108.3 104.6
2012 IV 105.4 110.5 104.8 109.5 101.5 103.9 107.0 105.2
III 105.8 110.3 104.2 106.9 99.7 101.1 110.4 105.0
II 105.2 109.2 103.8 106.8 100.1 101.5 108.4 104.4
I 104.8 108.7 103.7 106.3 99.8 101.3 107.4 103.8
2011 ANNUAL 103.8 105.7 101.9 104.6 99.7 100.8 105.5 102.7
2011 IV 104.4 107.4 102.8 104.0 98.3 99.6 108.9 103.4
III 103.7 105.9 102.1 105.2 99.8 101.5 105.5 103.2
II 103.7 105.4 101.7 104.4 99.8 100.7 105.0 102.5
I 103.2 104.2 101.0 104.7 101.2 101.5 102.5 101.9
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 3. Manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 II 1.9 r -0.6 r -2.4 r 4.2 4.2 2.3 r
I 3.8 r 5.4 r 1.6 -0.7 r -2.1 r -4.2 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.8 4.1 2.3 1.9 -0.2 0.1
2012 IV 2.3 2.7 0.4 4.1 1.9 1.8
III -0.3 0.1 0.4 -1.8 -3.8 -1.5
II 1.0 2.1 1.1 0.8 -0.1 -0.2
I 4.3 8.4 3.9 10.4 7.9 5.9
2011 ANNUAL 1.0 3.1 2.1 1.3 -1.8 0.4
2011 IV 0.2 5.2 4.9 -4.8 -6.1 -5.0
III 5.0 4.7 -0.3 2.2 -0.7 -2.7
II -3.5 -0.7 2.9 -2.3 -6.6 1.3
I 0.7 3.0 2.4 1.2 -3.0 0.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 II 1.9 r 1.9 r 0.0 r 1.4 r 0.0 r -0.5 r
I 1.7 2.6 0.9 0.6 r -1.1 r -1.1 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.8 4.1 2.3 1.9 -0.2 0.1
2012 IV 1.8 3.3 1.4 3.3 1.4 1.5
III 1.3 3.9 2.6 1.0 -0.7 -0.3
II 2.6 5.1 2.4 2.0 0.1 -0.6
I 1.4 4.3 2.8 1.2 -1.6 -0.2
2011 ANNUAL 1.0 3.1 2.1 1.3 -1.8 0.4
2011 IV 0.6 3.0 2.5 -0.9 -4.1 -1.5
III 0.8 2.1 1.2 1.4 -2.3 0.6
II -0.2 2.1 2.3 1.3 -2.0 1.4
I 2.6 5.1 2.4 3.6 1.5 1.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 II 111.3 r 116.1 r 104.4 r 107.2 r 99.1 r 96.4 r
I 110.8 r 116.3 r 105.0 106.1 r 98.1 r 95.8 r
2012 ANNUAL 109.2 114.1 104.4 105.7 98.7 96.8
2012 IV 109.7 114.8 104.6 106.3 98.6 96.9
III 109.1 114.0 104.5 105.3 98.2 96.5
II 109.2 114.0 104.4 105.7 99.1 96.8
I 108.9 113.4 104.1 105.5 99.1 96.9
2011 ANNUAL 107.3 109.5 102.1 103.8 98.9 96.7
2011 IV 107.8 111.2 103.1 102.9 97.3 95.5
III 107.7 109.8 101.9 104.2 98.8 96.7
II 106.4 108.5 102.0 103.6 99.0 97.4
I 107.4 108.7 101.2 104.2 100.7 97.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 4. Durable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 II 3.3 r 0.5 r -2.7 r 4.6 4.7 r 1.3 r
I 3.7 r 6.4 r 2.6 -1.2 r -2.7 r -4.7 r
2012 ANNUAL 4.0 7.0 2.9 1.5 -0.5 -2.3
2012 IV 3.2 3.8 0.5 4.1 1.9 0.9
III 0.3 0.0 -0.3 -2.4 -4.4 -2.7
II 3.7 5.0 1.3 -0.6 -1.5 -4.1
I 8.5 13.0 4.2 11.6 9.1 2.9
2011 ANNUAL 2.4 6.3 3.8 0.9 -2.2 -1.5
2011 IV 1.6 9.5 7.8 -6.3 -7.6 -7.8
III 8.1 7.5 -0.6 3.5 0.5 -4.3
II -4.9 -0.2 5.0 -4.2 -8.4 0.8
I 2.0 6.9 4.9 0.7 -3.6 -1.3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 II 2.6 r 2.6 r 0.0 1.2 r -0.2 r -1.4 r
I 2.7 r 3.8 1.0 -0.1 r -1.7 r -2.7 r
2012 ANNUAL 4.0 7.0 2.9 1.5 -0.5 -2.3
2012 IV 3.9 5.3 1.4 3.0 1.1 -0.8
III 3.5 6.8 3.2 0.4 -1.3 -3.0
II 5.4 8.7 3.1 1.8 -0.1 -3.4
I 3.2 7.3 4.1 0.9 -1.9 -2.2
2011 ANNUAL 2.4 6.3 3.8 0.9 -2.2 -1.5
2011 IV 1.6 5.9 4.2 -1.7 -4.8 -3.2
III 1.8 4.5 2.6 1.2 -2.5 -0.6
II 0.5 5.1 4.5 0.1 -3.2 -0.5
I 5.7 9.9 3.9 4.1 1.9 -1.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 II 120.4 r 128.5 r 106.8 r 106.3 r 98.2 r 88.3 r
I 119.4 r 128.4 r 107.5 105.1 r 97.1 r 88.0 r
2012 ANNUAL 117.3 125.1 106.7 105.0 98.1 89.5
2012 IV 118.3 126.4 106.8 105.4 97.8 89.1
III 117.4 125.2 106.7 104.3 97.3 88.9
II 117.3 125.2 106.7 105.0 98.4 89.5
I 116.3 123.7 106.4 105.1 98.8 90.4
2011 ANNUAL 112.8 116.9 103.6 103.4 98.6 91.6
2011 IV 113.9 120.0 105.3 102.3 96.7 89.8
III 113.5 117.3 103.4 104.0 98.6 91.6
II 111.3 115.2 103.5 103.1 98.5 92.6
I 112.7 115.2 102.3 104.2 100.7 92.5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 5. Nondurable manufacturing sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs,
seasonally adjusted
Real
Output Compen- compen-
Year per hour Hours sation sation Unit
and of all of all per hour per hour labor
quarter persons Output persons (1) (2) costs
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 II 0.2 r -1.9 r -2.1 3.4 r 3.4 r 3.2 r
I 4.4 r 4.3 r -0.2 0.2 r -1.3 r -4.0 r
2012 ANNUAL -0.1 1.1 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.5
2012 IV 1.4 1.5 0.2 4.1 1.8 2.7
III -1.4 0.2 1.6 -0.4 -2.4 1.0
II -1.9 -1.1 0.8 3.6 2.6 5.5
I 0.0 3.4 3.4 8.1 5.6 8.1
2011 ANNUAL 1.2 0.5 -0.6 1.7 -1.4 0.6
2011 IV 0.5 0.8 0.3 -2.4 -3.8 -2.9
III 2.0 2.2 0.2 -0.1 -2.9 -2.1
II -0.4 -0.8 -0.4 0.9 -3.6 1.3
I 1.4 -0.2 -1.6 1.8 -2.5 0.4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 II 1.1 r 1.0 r -0.1 1.8 r 0.4 r 0.7 r
I 0.6 r 1.2 r 0.6 1.8 r 0.1 r 1.2 r
2012 ANNUAL -0.1 1.1 1.3 2.4 0.3 2.5
2012 IV -0.5 1.0 1.5 3.8 1.8 4.3
III -0.7 0.8 1.5 2.1 0.4 2.8
II 0.2 1.3 1.2 2.2 0.3 2.0
I 0.6 1.4 0.9 1.5 -1.2 1.0
2011 ANNUAL 1.2 0.5 -0.6 1.7 -1.4 0.6
2011 IV 0.9 0.5 -0.4 0.0 -3.2 -0.8
III 1.3 0.2 -1.0 1.5 -2.2 0.3
II 1.1 -0.1 -1.2 3.0 -0.4 1.8
I 1.4 1.4 0.1 2.5 0.3 1.1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 II 105.3 r 105.8 r 100.5 r 108.5 r 100.3 r 103.1 r
I 105.3 r 106.4 r 101.0 107.6 r 99.5 r 102.3 r
2012 ANNUAL 104.2 105.0 100.8 106.6 99.6 102.3
2012 IV 104.1 105.2 101.1 107.6 99.8 103.3
III 103.8 104.8 101.0 106.5 99.3 102.6
II 104.1 104.8 100.6 106.6 99.9 102.4
I 104.6 105.1 100.4 105.7 99.3 101.0
2011 ANNUAL 104.3 103.8 99.6 104.1 99.3 99.8
2011 IV 104.6 104.2 99.6 103.7 98.0 99.1
III 104.5 104.0 99.5 104.3 98.9 99.8
II 103.9 103.4 99.5 104.3 99.6 100.4
I 104.0 103.6 99.6 104.1 100.6 100.0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table 6. Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices, seasonally adjusted
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
Year per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
and employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
quarter hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from previous quarter at annual rate(5)
2013 II 3.2 4.8 1.5 2.3 2.3 -0.9 -5.1 -2.3 12.7 -0.2
I -4.1 r -1.3 r 2.9 r -6.1 r -7.5 r -2.1 r 9.1 r 1.5 r 0.3 r 1.3 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.4 r 3.7 r 2.3 2.8 r 0.7 r 1.4 r 0.2 r 1.0 r 3.8 r 1.4 r
2012 IV 4.5 r 6.4 r 1.8 7.6 r 5.2 r 3.0 r -4.2 r 0.6 r 9.6 r 1.8 r
III -2.9 r -2.0 r 1.0 0.6 r -1.4 r 3.7 r 3.0 r 3.5 r -7.4 r 1.8 r
II 0.9 r 1.6 r 0.7 r 1.2 r 0.3 r 0.3 r 1.1 r 0.6 r 5.8 r 1.3 r
I 5.1 r 8.9 r 3.5 11.5 r 9.0 r 6.1 r -0.6 r 3.8 r -2.2 r 2.9 r
2011 ANNUAL 0.3 r 3.0 r 2.8 2.1 r -1.0 r 1.9 r 0.7 r 1.5 r 7.7 r 2.3
2011 IV 1.8 r 4.5 r 2.7 r -4.3 r -5.6 r -6.0 r -1.3 r -4.5 r 0.8 r -3.7 r
III -3.5 r -0.7 r 2.8 1.4 r -1.5 r 5.1 r 3.2 r 4.5 r 7.6 r 4.9 r
II 2.4 r 6.4 r 3.9 -1.8 r -6.1 r -4.1 -1.8 r -3.3 r 54.1 r 3.1 r
I 4.2 r 6.1 r 1.8 8.9 r 4.3 r 4.5 r -0.3 r 2.9 r -16.9 r 0.0 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Percent change from corresponding quarter of previous year
2013 II 0.1 1.9 1.8 1.0 -0.4 0.9 0.5 0.8 3.5 1.2
I -0.5 r 1.1 r 1.6 0.7 r -1.0 r 1.2 r 2.1 r 1.5 r 1.9 r 1.6 r
2012 ANNUAL 1.4 r 3.7 r 2.3 2.8 r 0.7 r 1.4 r 0.2 r 1.0 r 3.8 r 1.4 r
2012 IV 1.8 r 3.6 r 1.7 5.1 r 3.2 r 3.2 r -0.2 r 2.1 r 1.2 r 2.0 r
III 1.2 r 3.2 r 2.0 r 2.1 r 0.4 r 0.9 r 0.5 r 0.8 r -0.9 r 0.5 r
II 1.0 r 3.5 r 2.4 2.3 r 0.4 r 1.3 r 0.6 r 1.0 r 2.9 r 1.3 r
I 1.4 r 4.7 r 3.2 1.6 r -1.2 r 0.1 r -0.2 r 0.0 r 13.1 r 1.7 r
2011 ANNUAL 0.3 r 3.0 r 2.8 2.1 r -1.0 r 1.9 r 0.7 r 1.5 r 7.7 r 2.3
2011 IV 1.2 r 4.0 r 2.8 0.9 r -2.3 r -0.3 r -0.1 r -0.2 r 8.5 r 1.0 r
III -0.7 r 2.1 r 2.7 2.2 r -1.5 r 2.9 r 1.7 r 2.5 5.4 r 2.9 r
II 0.7 r 3.5 r 2.8 2.1 r -1.2 r 1.4 r 0.4 r 1.0 r 12.8 r 2.6
I -0.2 r 2.6 r 2.8 3.3 1.1 3.5 r 0.9 r 2.6 r 4.1 r 2.8 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2013 II 107.4 114.9 107.1 107.3 99.2 100.0 98.0 99.3 150.3 104.7
I 106.5 r 113.6 r 106.7 r 106.7 r 98.6 r 100.2 r 99.3 r 99.9 r 145.9 r 104.7 r
2012 ANNUAL 107.1 r 112.9 r 105.4 r 106.8 r 99.8 r 99.7 r 97.5 r 99.0 r 144.2 r 103.7 r
2012 IV 107.6 r 114.0 r 105.9 r 108.4 r 100.6 r 100.7 r 97.2 r 99.5 r 145.8 r 104.4 r
III 106.5 r 112.2 r 105.4 r 106.5 r 99.3 r 100.0 r 98.2 r 99.4 r 142.5 r 103.9 r
II 107.3 r 112.8 r 105.2 r 106.3 r 99.6 r 99.1 r 97.5 r 98.6 r 145.3 r 103.4 r
I 107.0 r 112.4 r 105.0 r 106.0 r 99.6 r 99.0 r 97.2 r 98.4 r 143.2 r 103.1 r
2011 ANNUAL 105.7 r 108.8 r 103.0 r 103.9 r 99.1 r 98.3 r 97.4 r 98.0 r 139.0 r 102.3 r
2011 IV 105.7 r 110.0 r 104.1 r 103.1 r 97.5 r 97.6 r 97.4 r 97.5 r 144.0 r 102.4 r
III 105.2 r 108.8 r 103.4 r 104.3 r 98.9 r 99.1 r 97.7 r 98.6 r 143.8 r 103.3 r
II 106.2 r 109.0 r 102.7 r 103.9 r 99.2 r 97.9 r 96.9 r 97.6 r 141.2 r 102.1 r
I 105.5 r 107.3 r 101.7 r 104.4 r 100.8 r 98.9 r 97.4 r 98.4 r 126.7 r 101.3 r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
SOURCES: Output data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the
Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor; and the Federal Reserve Board.
Hours and compensation data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and
the Bureau of Economic Analysis.
RELIABILITY: Productivity and cost measures are regularly revised as more
complete information becomes available. The measures are first published
within 40 days of the close of the reference period; revisions appear 30
days later, and second revisions after an additional 60 days. In the
business sector, the third publication (second revision) of a quarterly
index of output per hour of all persons has differed from the initial
value by between -1.7 and 1.5 index points approximately 95 percent of
the time. This interval is based on the performance of this measure
between the fourth quarter of 1995 and the first quarter of 2013.
Table Footnotes
(1) Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Except for nonfinancial
corporations, where there are no self-employed, data also include an
estimate of wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-
employed.
(2) The change for recent quarters is based on the Consumer Price Index
for all urban consumers (CPI-U). The trend from 1978-2012 is based on the
Consumer Price Index research series (CPI-U-RS).
(3) Unit nonlabor payments include profits, consumption of fixed
capital, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, net interest and
miscellaneous payments, business current transfer payments, rental income
of persons, and the current surplus of government enterprises.
(4) Current dollar output divided by the output index.
(5) Quarterly changes: Percent change compounded at annual rate is
calculated using index numbers to three decimal places. Indexes
published in the news release are rounded to one decimal place for
convenience. Annual changes: Percent change is calculated using annual
indexes to three decimal places.
(6) Unit nonlabor costs include consumption of fixed capital, taxes on
production and imports less subsidies, net interest and miscellaneous
payments, and business current transfer payments.
(7) Total unit costs are the sum of unit labor and nonlabor costs.
(8) Unit profits include corporate profits before tax with inventory
valuation and capital consumption adjustments.
Appendix table 1.
Nonfinancial corporate sector: Productivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, unit profits,
and prices.
Real Unit
Output Hourly hourly non- Total Unit Implicit
per all- compen- compen- Unit labor unit pro- price
employee Employee sation sation labor costs cost fits deflator
Year hour Output hours (1) (2) costs (6) (7) (8) (4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indexes 2009=100
2012 107.1 r 112.9 r 105.4 r 106.8 r 99.8 r 99.7 r 97.5 r 99.0 r 144.2 r 103.7 r
2011 105.7 r 108.8 r 103.0 r 103.9 r 99.1 r 98.3 r 97.4 r 98.0 r 139.0 r 102.3 r
2010 105.4 r 105.6 r 100.2 r 101.8 r 100.1 r 96.6 r 96.7 r 96.6 r 129.0 r 100.0 r
2009 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r 100.0 r
2008 99.2 r 107.6 r 108.5 r 98.3 r 97.9 r 99.0 r 94.3 r 97.5 r 105.4 r 98.3 r
2007 98.8 r 109.0 r 110.3 r 95.5 r 98.8 r 96.6 r 88.6 r 93.9 r 116.8 r 96.3 r
2006 98.3 r 107.9 r 109.8 r 92.0 r 97.9 r 93.6 r 83.1 r 90.1 r 131.0 r 94.4 r
2005 96.5 r 103.9 r 107.7 r 89.2 r 98.1 r 92.5 r 81.0 r 88.7 r 116.7 r 91.6 r
2004 94.7 r 100.6 r 106.3 r 86.6 r 98.3 r 91.5 r 77.5 r 86.8 r 102.7 r 88.5 r
2003 91.5 r 96.3 r 105.2 r 83.6 r 97.5 r 91.3 r 78.1 r 86.9 r 84.4 r 86.6 r
2002 88.0 r 94.2 r 107.1 r 80.9 r 96.5 r 91.9 r 78.9 r 87.6 r 69.2 r 85.7 r
2001 84.6 r 93.4 r 110.4 r 79.4 r 96.2 r 93.8 r 78.4 r 88.7 r 56.9 r 85.3 r
2000 84.1 r 95.5 r 113.5 r 77.5 r 96.5 r 92.2 r 73.2 r 85.8 r 70.0 r 84.2 r
1999 80.8 r 90.5 r 112.1 r 72.2 r 93.0 r 89.4 r 70.6 r 83.2 r 84.1 r 83.2 r
1998 78.3 r 85.8 r 109.6 r 69.0 r 90.7 r 88.2 r 69.3 r 81.8 r 90.5 r 82.7 r
1997 75.7 r 81.2 r 107.3 r 65.3 r 87.0 r 86.2 r 69.1 r 80.5 r 101.7 r 82.7 r
1996 73.7 r 76.1 r 103.3 r 63.1 r 86.0 r 85.7 r 69.4 r 80.2 r 99.2 r 82.2 r
1995 70.8 r 71.9 r 101.5 r 60.8 r 85.0 r 85.8 r 70.3 r 80.6 r 92.5 r 81.9 r
1994 70.0 r 68.6 r 98.0 r 59.9 r 85.7 r 85.5 r 70.0 r 80.3 r 87.4 r 81.1 r
1993 68.8 r 64.6 r 94.0 r 59.1 r 86.4 r 85.9 r 69.6 r 80.5 r 73.2 r 79.7 r
1992 68.8 r 63.1 r 91.8 r 58.3 r 87.4 r 84.9 r 69.7 r 79.8 r 63.0 r 78.0 r
1991 67.0 r 61.2 r 91.4 r 55.4 r 85.1 r 82.8 r 71.0 r 78.8 r 60.8 r 76.9 r
1990 65.4 r 61.5 r 94.1 r 53.0 r 84.3 r 81.0 r 68.1 r 76.7 r 59.3 r 74.9 r
1989 64.7 r 60.7 r 93.7 r 50.5 r 84.3 r 78.0 r 65.1 r 73.7 r 62.9 r 72.6 r
1988 65.5 r 59.5 r 90.9 r 49.1 r 85.5 r 75.0 r 61.7 r 70.6 r 68.9 r 70.4 r
1987 63.6 r 56.1 r 88.2 r 46.8 r 84.5 r 73.5 r 60.5 r 69.2 r 64.4 r 68.7 r
1986 62.3 r 53.3 r 85.5 r 45.2 r 84.3 r 72.5 r 60.0 r 68.3 r 60.2 r 67.5 r
1985 60.9 r 51.9 r 85.2 r 42.8 r 81.3 r 70.2 r 57.0 r 65.8 r 72.7 r 66.5 r
1984 59.5 r 49.6 r 83.3 r 40.8 r 80.1 r 68.5 r 55.8 r 64.2 r 75.5 r 65.4 r
1983 58.2 r 45.5 r 78.3 r 39.1 r 79.9 r 67.1 r 56.1 r 63.4 r 64.4 r 63.5 r
1982 56.3 r 43.4 r 77.2 r 37.5 r 80.0 r 66.7 r 55.8 r 63.0 r 55.6 r 62.2 r
1981 56.0 r 44.4 r 79.3 r 35.2 r 79.6 r 62.8 r 50.3 r 58.6 r 59.6 r 58.7 r
1980 54.6 r 42.7 r 78.2 r 32.2 r 79.9 r 59.1 r 44.2 r 54.1 r 50.8 r 53.8 r
1979 54.7 r 43.1 r 78.7 r 29.3 r 80.6 r 53.5 r 37.7 r 48.2 r 56.3 r 49.1 r
1978 55.2 r 41.7 r 75.7 r 26.8 r 80.9 r 48.6 r 34.8 r 44.0 r 58.6 r 45.5 r
1977 54.5 r 39.2 r 72.0 r 24.6 r 79.4 r 45.1 r 33.4 r 41.2 r 55.1 r 42.7 r
1976 53.0 r 36.5 r 68.8 r 22.7 r 78.2 r 42.9 r 32.2 r 39.3 r 50.8 r 40.5 r
1975 51.3 r 33.7 r 65.8 r 21.2 r 77.0 r 41.2 r 32.5 r 38.3 r 43.0 r 38.8 r
1974 49.4 r 34.2 r 69.3 r 19.2 r 76.1 r 38.8 r 28.4 r 35.3 r 35.6 r 35.3 r
1973 50.4 r 34.8 r 69.0 r 17.6 r 77.3 r 34.8 r 24.7 r 31.5 r 39.0 r 32.2 r
1972 49.9 r 32.8 r 65.7 r 16.4 r 76.7 r 32.8 r 23.4 r 29.7 r 37.5 r 30.5 r
1971 48.9 r 30.5 r 62.3 r 15.6 r 75.2 r 31.8 r 23.4 r 29.0 r 34.4 r 29.6 r
1970 47.0 r 29.3 r 62.3 r 14.7 r 74.1 r 31.3 r 22.3 r 28.3 r 30.3 r 28.5 r
1969 46.7 r 29.6 r 63.3 r 13.8 r 73.4 r 29.5 r 19.8 r 26.2 r 36.9 r 27.3 r
1968 46.7 r 28.4 r 60.9 r 12.9 r 72.4 r 27.6 r 18.3 r 24.5 r 40.8 r 26.2 r
1967 45.0 r 26.7 r 59.3 r 12.0 r 70.4 r 26.7 r 17.1 r 23.5 r 40.7 r 25.3 r
1966 44.2 r 26.0 r 58.7 r 11.4 r 68.7 r 25.7 r 16.2 r 22.5 r 43.5 r 24.7 r
1965 43.4 r 24.2 r 55.7 r 10.8 r 66.9 r 24.8 r 16.1 r 21.9 r 43.5 r 24.2 r
1964 42.3 r 22.3 r 52.7 r 10.5 r 66.1 r 24.8 r 16.2 r 21.9 r 40.3 r 23.8 r
1963 41.6 r 20.8 r 50.0 r 10.3 r 65.7 r 24.7 r 16.2 r 21.8 r 39.0 r 23.6 r
1962 40.1 r 19.6 r 48.9 r 10.0 r 64.6 r 24.8 r 16.3 r 22.0 r 36.8 r 23.5 r
1961 38.4 r 18.1 r 47.1 r 9.6 r 62.8 r 25.0 r 16.5 r 22.1 r 34.3 r 23.4 r
1960 37.2 r 17.7 r 47.5 r 9.3 r 61.4 r 25.0 r 16.2 r 22.0 r 34.2 r 23.3 r
1959 36.6 r 17.1 r 46.7 r 8.9 r 60.1 r 24.4 r 15.8 r 21.5 r 37.1 r 23.2 r
1958 34.9 r 15.4 r 44.1 r 8.6 r 58.3 r 24.7 r 16.4 r 21.9 r 31.9 r 23.0 r
1957 34.1 r 16.0 r 46.8 r 8.3 r 57.7 r 24.3 r 15.0 r 21.2 r 35.2 r 22.6 r
1956 33.4 r 15.8 r 47.1 r 7.8 r 56.3 r 23.4 r 13.9 r 20.2 r 36.6 r 21.9 r
1955 33.2 r 15.2 r 45.9 r 7.4 r 53.7 r 22.1 r 13.0 r 19.1 r 39.1 r 21.2 r
1954 31.3 r 13.6 r 43.4 r 7.1 r 51.7 r 22.7 r 13.4 r 19.6 r 33.5 r 21.0 r
1953 30.0 r 13.7 r 45.7 r 6.9 r 50.3 r 22.8 r 13.1 r 19.6 r 34.4 r 21.1 r
1952 28.9 r 12.8 r 44.3 r 6.5 r 48.0 r 22.5 r 13.1 r 19.4 r 36.7 r 21.2 r
1951 28.2 r 12.3 r 43.7 r 6.1 r 46.2 r 21.8 r 12.6 r 18.7 r 40.7 r 21.0 r
1950 28.5 r 11.7 r 41.0 r 5.6 r 45.7 r 19.8 r 12.0 r 17.2 r 37.9 r 19.3 r
1949 26.5 r 10.3 r 39.0 r 5.3 r 43.8 r 20.1 r 12.5 r 17.6 r 33.5 r 19.2 r
1948 25.1 r 10.4 r 41.5 r 5.2 r 41.9 r 20.5 r 11.6 r 17.5 r 36.9 r 19.6 r
1947 23.6 r 9.7 r 41.1 r 4.7 r 41.1 r 19.9 r 11.1 r 17.0 r 30.9 r 18.4 r
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See footnotes following Table 6. September 5, 2013
r=revised Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States Department of Labor
