For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Friday, March 29, 2013 USDL-13-0543
Technical information: (202) 691-6569 * oesinfo@bls.gov * www.bls.gov/oes
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 * PressOffice@bls.gov
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES -- MAY 2012
Computer network support specialists, with employment of 167,980 in May 2012, and
nurse practitioners, with employment of 105,780, were 2 of the largest new
occupations in the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system, the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. These are 2 of 24 newly defined
detailed occupations shown in table A. National employment and wage information
for all occupations in the 2010 SOC is shown in table 1.
The data in this news release are from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)
program, which provides employment and wage estimates by area and by industry
for wage and salary workers in 22 major occupational groups and 821 detailed
occupations. In addition, national employment and wage estimates for 94 minor
occupational groups and 458 broad occupations are available for the first time.
New 2010 SOC Occupations
--Other large newly defined occupations include computer network
architects, with employment of 137,890, and web developers, with
employment of 102,940. Phlebotomists, who draw blood for tests,
transfusions, donations, or research, had employment of 100,380
in May 2012. (See table A.)
--Some new occupations were quite small: genetic counselors, wind
turbine service technicians, and solar photovoltaic installers each
had employment of less than 5,000. (See table A.)
--Several newly defined occupations earned high wages relative to the
U.S. annual mean of $45,790. Nurse anesthetists had an annual mean
wage of $154,390, nurse practitioners, $91,450, and nurse midwives,
$91,070. Information security analysts had an annual mean wage of
$89,290 and computer network architects, $94,000. (See table A.)
--Orderlies, with an annual mean wage of $25,700, was among the
lowest paid occupations new to the 2010 SOC. Phlebotomists ($30,910),
ophthalmic medical technicians ($35,590), and community health workers
($37,490) also had wages below the U.S. average. (See table A.)
Occupational profiles for all occupations are available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_stru.htm.
Table A. National employment and wages for occupations identified as new in the 2010 Standard
Occupational Classification (SOC) system, May 2012
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2010 Employment Mean wages Median Hourly
SOC Occupation Hourly Annual 1 Wages
Code
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13-1131 Fundraisers .................................... 48,530 $26.55 $55,220 $24.37
15-1122 Information security analysts .................. 72,670 42.93 89,290 41.43
15-1134 Web developers ................................. 102,940 31.78 66,100 30.05
15-1143 Computer network architects .................... 137,890 45.19 94,000 43.75
15-1152 Computer network support specialists ........... 167,980 30.27 62,960 28.41
21-1094 Community health workers ....................... 38,020 18.02 37,490 16.64
25-2051 Special education teachers, preschool .......... 21,770 (2) 57,770 (2)
25-2059 Special education teachers, all other .......... 39,260 (2) 56,160 (2)
29-1128 Exercise physiologists ......................... 5,820 22.89 47,610 21.53
29-1151 Nurse anesthetists ............................. 34,180 74.22 154,390 71.23
29-1161 Nurse midwives ................................. 5,710 43.78 91,070 43.08
29-1171 Nurse practitioners ............................ 105,780 43.97 91,450 43.25
29-2035 Magnetic resonance imaging technologists ....... 29,560 31.45 65,410 31.42
29-2057 Ophthalmic medical technicians ................. 29,170 17.11 35,590 16.46
29-2092 Hearing aid specialists ........................ 4,980 22.49 46,780 19.92
29-9092 Genetic counselors ............................. 2,000 26.84 55,820 27.31
31-1015 Orderlies ...................................... 53,920 12.35 25,700 11.53
31-9097 Phlebotomists .................................. 100,380 14.86 30,910 14.29
33-9093 Transportation security screeners .............. 47,200 17.85 37,130 17.71
39-4031 Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors . 23,070 25.33 52,690 22.52
43-3099 Financial clerks, all other .................... 39,290 19.03 39,580 17.72
47-2231 Solar photovoltaic installers .................. 4,710 19.53 40,620 18.22
49-9081 Wind turbine service technicians ............... 3,200 23.23 48,320 22.10
51-3099 Food processing workers, all other ............. 37,570 11.96 24,880 11.12
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1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time"
hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published,
the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year round, full time, are reported either
as hourly wages or annual salaries depending on how they are typically paid.
Major Occupational Groups
--Among the 22 major occupational groups, office and administrative
support had the largest employment in May 2012, making up more than 16
percent of total U.S. employment. Sales and related occupations was
the second largest major group with nearly 11 percent of U.S. employment.
The sales and related group includes the two largest detailed occupa-
tions in the U.S.--retail salespersons and cashiers. These two occupa-
tions combined accounted for nearly 6 percent of U.S. employment in
May 2012.
--The smallest major occupational groups included legal occupations
and life, physical, and social science occupations, each making up
less than 1 percent of total employment.
--The highest paying major occupational groups were management,
legal, computer and mathematical, and architecture and engineering
occupations. Most of the detailed occupations in these groups were
also high paying. In fact, all 19 of the detailed occupations in the
computer and mathematical group had mean annual wages above the
$45,790 average for all occupations. Within these 19 occupations,
annual mean wages ranged from $50,130 for computer user support
specialists to $106,680 for actuaries. In the architecture and
engineering group, 34 of the 35 detailed occupations paid above-
average wages. (See table 1.)
--The lowest paying major occupational group was food preparation
and serving related occupations with an annual mean wage of $21,380.
All but 1 detailed occupation within this major group had average
wages below $32,000. The exception was chefs and head cooks, with an
annual mean wage of $46,570, slightly above the all-occupations average.
In the personal care and service occupational group, which had an annual
mean wage of $24,550, only 3 of the 33 detailed occupations had above-
average wages. (See table 1.)
Private and Government Employers
The OES program provides data for private employers and federal,
state, and local governments separately.
--The private sector accounted for over 90 percent of employment in
more than half of the detailed occupations, including 6 of the 10
largest occupations in the U.S. Almost all of the 4.3 million retail
sales workers, 3.3 million cashiers, and 2.3 million waiters and
waitresses were employed in the private sector. Of the 10 largest
occupations in the private sector, 7 had annual mean wages below
$30,000. Among the largest occupations in the private sector, general
and operations managers ($115,930) and registered nurses ($68,070) had
the highest wages.
--Five of the 6 largest occupations in the public sector were education
related: elementary school teachers, except special education; middle
school teachers, except special and career/technical education; secondary
school teachers, except special and career/technical education; teacher
assistants; and substitute teachers. Over 75 percent of employment in
each of these occupations was in the public sector, and for each, over
95 percent of their public sector employment was in local government.
Other occupations with a large share of employment in local government
included firefighters and police and sheriff's patrol officers.
--Correctional officers and jailers (237,380), general office clerks
(183,800), and registered nurses (138,210) were the largest occupations
in state government. Combined, these 3 occupations accounted for over
12 percent of all state government employment.
--Three of the 6 largest occupations in the federal government were
specific to the U.S. Postal Service--postal service mail carriers;
postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine
operators; and postal service clerks--which combined accounted for
19 percent of federal employment. Also among the largest federal
government occupations were registered nurses, management analysts,
and compliance officers.
OES data by ownership are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/
current/oessrci.htm.
Industries
--Health care and social assistance was the industry sector with
the largest employment in May 2012. Registered nurses and nursing
assistants were the largest detailed occupations in this sector, with
about 2.3 million and 1.3 million jobs, respectively. About 71 percent
of registered nurses in the health care and social assistance sector
were in hospitals, while nearly 63 percent of nursing assistants in
the sector were employed by nursing and residential care facilities.
--Retail trade was the second largest industry sector in May 2012.
Nearly 53 percent of the retail sector's employment came from 3
detailed occupations: retail salespersons, cashiers, and first-line
supervisors of retail sales workers. Other large industry sectors in
May 2012 included educational services, manufacturing, and accommodation
and food services.
--Industries with the highest annual mean wages in May 2012 included 3
from the finance and insurance sector--securities and commodity
exchanges ($98,670), other financial investment activities ($95,190),
and securities and commodity contracts intermediation and brokerage
($94,760). Other high-paying industries included oil and gas extraction
($92,270) and software publishers ($91,050). These industries tended
to be small in terms of employment and the largest occupations within
them tended to pay high wages. For example, 9 of the 10 largest detailed
occupations in software publishing had mean annual wages well above
average, including systems software developers ($104,960), applications
software developers ($99,140), and market research analysts and marketing
specialists ($88,670).
--Restaurants and other eating places, in the accommodation and food
services sector, had the lowest mean wage in May 2012 at $21,520.
Nine of the 10 largest detailed occupations in this industry had wages
that averaged less than $23,000. The retail trade sector included
7 of the 10 lowest-paying industries, including gasoline stations,
book stores and news dealers, and shoe stores. Cashiers, with an
annual mean wage of $18,920, made up 66 percent of employment in
gasoline stations. Retail salespersons was the largest occupation in
book stores and news dealers and in shoe stores, with mean wages of
$21,240 and $21,190, respectively.
OES data by industry are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/
current/oessrci.htm.
States and Areas
--States with high total employment, such as California, Texas, New
York, and Florida, also tended to have the highest employment of many
individual occupations. For example, Texas and California had the
highest employment of aircraft mechanics and service technicians,
12,110 and 11,420, respectively. However, smaller states often had
higher-than-average shares of employment for particular occupations.
For example, as a share of total employment, Alaska and Oklahoma each
had nearly 4 times as many aircraft mechanics and service technicians
as the U.S. as a whole.
--Similarly, the largest metropolitan areas tended to have the
highest numbers of jobs in many individual occupations, but smaller
metropolitan areas often had higher concentrations of specific
occupations. For example, New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,
N.Y.-N.J.-Pa., and Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-
W.Va., had the highest employment of detectives and criminal
investigators, although neither area had a particularly high
concentration of this occupation. However, Laredo, Texas, had a
concentration of detectives and criminal investigators roughly 17
times the U.S. average followed by Las Cruces, N.M., with a
concentration of nearly 12 times the average for this occupation.
--Wages for occupations also varied considerably across states and
metropolitan areas. For example, annual mean wages for accountants
and auditors ranged from $54,620 in North Dakota and $57,140 in West
Virginia to $87,370 in the District of Columbia and $85,140 in New York.
Wages for this occupation varied even more by area than by state:
among metropolitan areas with at least 100 accountants and auditors,
annual mean wages ranged from $47,820 in Jefferson City, Mo., and
$48,320 in Steubenville-Weirton, Ohio-W.Va., to $87,740 in Ocean
City, N.J., and $91,240 in New York-White Plains-Wayne, N.Y.-N.J.
OES data, including location quotients, by state and metropolitan/nonmetro-
politan area are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/current/
oessrcst.htm and www.bls.gov/oes/current/oessrcma.htm, respectively.
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| |
| Notes on Occupational Employment Statistics Data |
| |
| With the release of the May 2012 estimates, OES data are based on |
| the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system for |
| the first time. In addition to 22 major occupational groups and |
| 821 detailed occupations, employment and wage estimates for 94 |
| minor groups and 458 broad occupations are available in the |
| national data for the first time. Information about the 2010 SOC |
| is available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/soc/. |
| |
| The May 2012 OES estimates are the first to be produced using the |
| 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). |
| Information about the 2012 NAICS is available on the BLS website |
| at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm. |
| |
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Technical Note
Scope of the survey
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a semiannual mail
survey measuring occupational employment and wage rates for wage and salary
workers in nonfarm establishments in the United States. OES data available
from BLS include cross-industry occupational employment and wage estimates
for the nation; over 500 areas, including states and the District of
Columbia, metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), metropolitan divisions,
nonmetropolitan areas, and territories; national industry-specific
estimates at the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) sector,
3-, 4-, and selected 5- and 6-digit industry levels; and national estimates by
ownership across all industries and for schools and hospitals.
The OES survey is a cooperative effort between BLS and the State
Workforce Agencies (SWAs). BLS funds the survey and provides the procedures
and technical support, while the State Workforce Agencies collect most of
the data. OES estimates are constructed from a sample of about 1.2 million
establishments. Each year, forms are mailed to two semiannual panels of
approximately 200,000 sampled establishments, one panel in May and the
other in November. May 2012 estimates are based on responses from six
semiannual panels collected over a 3-year period: May 2012, November 2011,
May 2011, November 2010, May 2010, and November 2009. The overall national
response rate for the six panels is 76.6 percent based on establishments
and 72.9 percent based on employment. The unweighted employment of sampled
establishments across all six semiannual panels represents approximately
59.3 percent of total national employment.
The occupational coding system
The OES survey categorizes workers into 821 detailed occupations based
on the 2010 Office of Management and Budget’s Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) system. Together, these detailed occupations make
up 22 of the 23 SOC major occupational groups. Major group 55, Military
Specific Occupations, is not included. OES estimates for 2010 and 2011
were based on a hybrid structure of the 2000 and 2010 SOC systems. For more
information about the hybrid structure, please see the Bureau of Labor
Statistics website at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm#q40.
For more information about the SOC system, please see the BLS website
at www.bls.gov/soc/.
The industry coding system
The 2012 OES estimates are the first estimates based on the 2012 NAICS.
Previous OES estimates were based on the 2007 NAICS. For more information
about NAICS, see the BLS website at www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm.
The OES survey excludes the majority of the agricultural sector, with
the exception of logging (NAICS 113310), support activities for crop
production (NAICS 1151), and support activities for animal
production (NAICS 1152). Private households (NAICS 814) also are excluded.
OES federal government data include the U.S. Postal Service and the federal
executive branch only. All other industries, including state and local
government, are covered by the survey.
The OES survey covers all full- and part-time wage and salary workers in
nonfarm industries. The survey does not include the self-employed, owners
and partners in unincorporated firms, household workers, or unpaid family
workers.
Survey sample
The OES survey draws its sample from state unemployment insurance (UI)
files. Supplemental sources are used for rail transportation (NAICS 4821)
and Guam because they do not report to the UI program. The OES survey
sample is stratified by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area, industry,
and size.
To provide the most occupational coverage, larger employers are more
likely to be selected than smaller employers. An annual census is taken of
the executive branch of the federal government, the U.S. Postal Service,
and state government.
Concepts
Occupational employment is the estimate of total wage and salary
employment in an occupation. The OES survey defines employment as the
number of workers who can be classified as full- or part-time employees,
including workers on paid vacations or other types of paid leave; workers
on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff
members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other
units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent
duty station, regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, exclusive of
premium pay. Base rate; cost-of-living allowances; guaranteed pay;
hazardous-duty pay; incentive pay, including commissions and production
bonuses; and tips are included. Excluded are overtime pay, severance pay,
shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer cost for supplementary
benefits, and tuition reimbursements.
OES receives wage rate data for the federal government, the U.S. Postal
Service, and some state governments. For the remaining establishments, the
OES survey collects wage data in 12 intervals. For each occupation,
respondents are asked to report the number of employees paid within
specific wage intervals. The intervals are defined both as hourly rates and
the corresponding annual rates, where the annual rate for an occupation is
calculated by multiplying the hourly wage rate by a typical work year of
2,080 hours. The responding establishments are instructed to report the
hourly rate for part-time workers, and to report annual rates for
occupations that are typically paid at an annual rate but do not work 2,080
hours per year, such as teachers, pilots, and flight attendants. Other
workers, such as some entertainment workers, are paid hourly rates, but
generally do not work 40 hours per week, year round. For these workers,
only an hourly wage is reported.
Estimation methodology
The OES survey is designed to produce estimates by combining six panels
of data collected over a 3-year period. Each OES panel includes approximately
200,000 establishments. The full six-panel sample of nearly 1.2 million
establishments allows the production of estimates at detailed levels of
geography, industry, and occupation.
Wage updating. Significant reductions in sampling errors are obtained by
combining six panels of data, particularly for small geographic areas and
occupations. Wages for the current panel need no adjustment. However, wages
in the five previous panels need to be updated to the current panel's
reference period.
The OES program uses the BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) to adjust
survey data from prior panels before combining them with the current
panel's data. The wage updating procedure adjusts each detailed
occupation's wage rate, as measured in the earlier panel, according to
the average movement of its broader occupational division.
Imputation. About 23 percent of establishments do not respond for a
given panel. A "nearest neighbor" hot deck imputation procedure is used to
impute missing occupational employment totals. A variant of mean imputation
is used to impute missing wage distributions.
Weighting and benchmarking. The sampled establishments are weighted to
represent all establishments for the reference period. Weights are further
adjusted by the ratio of employment totals (the average of November 2011
and May 2012 employment) from the BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and
Wages to employment totals from the OES survey.
For more information
Answers to frequently asked questions about the OES data are available
at www.bls.gov/oes/oes_ques.htm. Detailed technical information about the
OES survey is available in our Survey Methods and Reliability Statement on
the BLS website at www.bls.gov/oes/2012/may/methods_statement.pdf.
Table 1. National employment and wage data from the Occupational Employment Statistics survey by occupation, May 2012
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
wages
Hourly Annual¹
All occupations 130,287,700 $22.01 $45,790 $16.71
Management occupations 6,390,430 52.20 108,570 45.15
Top executives..................................................................... 2,212,150 57.72 120,060 47.86
Chief executives.................................................................. 255,940 85.02 176,840 80.84
General and operations managers................................................... 1,899,460 55.22 114,850 45.88
Legislators....................................................................... 56,760 (²) 38,590 (²)
Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers........... 598,110 58.24 121,150 51.90
Advertising and promotions managers............................................... 28,420 51.47 107,060 42.59
Marketing and sales managers...................................................... 516,170 59.26 123,260 53.05
Marketing managers............................................................... 171,430 62.44 129,870 57.44
Sales managers................................................................... 344,730 57.68 119,980 50.60
Public relations and fundraising managers......................................... 53,520 52.05 108,260 45.89
Operations specialties managers.................................................... 1,532,610 53.54 111,350 48.42
Administrative services managers.................................................. 264,090 42.63 88,660 38.98
Computer and information systems managers......................................... 309,740 62.08 129,130 58.15
Financial managers................................................................ 484,910 59.26 123,260 52.76
Industrial production managers.................................................... 160,550 46.87 97,490 42.88
Purchasing managers............................................................... 69,400 51.06 106,200 48.16
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers................................ 98,600 42.75 88,920 39.34
Compensation and benefits managers................................................ 19,960 50.92 105,920 45.79
Human resources managers.......................................................... 98,020 52.69 109,590 47.94
Training and development managers................................................. 27,350 49.91 103,810 45.86
Other management occupations....................................................... 2,047,560 43.46 90,400 39.39
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers................................ 3,970 35.45 73,730 33.32
Construction managers............................................................. 207,580 43.73 90,960 39.80
Education administrators.......................................................... 426,670 42.38 88,150 39.87
Education administrators, preschool and childcare center/program................. 48,410 24.55 51,060 21.13
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school........................ 225,970 (²) 90,800 (²)
Education administrators, postsecondary.......................................... 122,930 47.77 99,370 41.58
Education administrators, all other.............................................. 29,360 39.37 81,890 36.95
Architectural and engineering managers............................................ 187,640 64.06 133,240 60.03
Food service managers............................................................. 189,510 25.28 52,580 23.06
Funeral service managers.......................................................... 9,130 38.43 79,930 32.08
Gaming managers................................................................... 4,490 34.32 71,390 31.36
Lodging managers.................................................................. 29,730 26.35 54,800 22.50
Medical and health services managers.............................................. 293,490 47.34 98,460 42.59
Natural sciences managers......................................................... 48,560 62.69 130,400 55.64
Postmasters and mail superintendents.............................................. 23,790 29.85 62,080 30.31
Property, real estate, and community association managers......................... 159,570 30.56 63,570 25.29
Social and community service managers............................................. 115,360 30.99 64,460 28.83
Emergency management directors.................................................... 9,550 31.12 64,730 28.73
Managers, all other............................................................... 338,520 50.79 105,650 48.51
Business and financial operations occupations 6,419,370 33.44 69,550 30.05
Business operations specialists.................................................... 3,987,180 32.66 67,940 29.92
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes................. 11,770 42.61 88,620 30.47
Buyers and purchasing agents...................................................... 399,990 29.29 60,920 27.35
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products...................................... 10,370 28.74 59,770 26.79
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products................................ 108,670 27.60 57,420 24.75
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products................... 280,950 29.96 62,310 28.25
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators........................ 275,050 29.56 61,480 28.78
Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators................................... 263,280 29.58 61,530 28.83
Insurance appraisers, auto damage................................................ 11,770 28.96 60,230 28.18
Compliance officers............................................................... 227,500 31.23 64,960 29.82
Cost estimators................................................................... 195,230 30.33 63,080 28.30
Human resources workers........................................................... 471,340 28.79 59,890 26.73
Human resources specialists...................................................... 394,380 29.16 60,660 26.83
Farm labor contractors........................................................... 1,030 18.55 38,590 14.74
Labor relations specialists...................................................... 75,930 27.02 56,210 26.28
Logisticians...................................................................... 119,560 36.38 75,670 34.99
Management analysts............................................................... 540,440 42.34 88,070 37.79
Meeting, convention, and event planners........................................... 70,480 23.96 49,830 22.02
Fundraisers....................................................................... 48,530 26.55 55,220 24.37
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists.............................. 85,620 29.90 62,200 28.41
Training and development specialists.............................................. 217,930 28.64 59,560 26.89
Market research analysts and marketing specialists................................ 392,740 32.39 67,380 28.99
Business operations specialists, all other........................................ 931,010 33.90 70,520 31.31
Financial specialists.............................................................. 2,432,190 34.70 72,180 30.32
Accountants and auditors.......................................................... 1,129,340 34.15 71,040 30.55
Appraisers and assessors of real estate........................................... 59,530 26.53 55,180 23.82
Budget analysts................................................................... 58,280 34.66 72,100 33.31
Credit analysts................................................................... 61,240 33.42 69,500 29.36
Financial analysts and advisors................................................... 507,090 41.46 86,240 34.51
Financial analysts............................................................... 239,810 42.98 89,410 37.00
Personal financial advisors...................................................... 175,470 43.66 90,820 32.46
Insurance underwriters........................................................... 91,810 33.27 69,200 30.22
Financial examiners............................................................... 28,060 40.49 84,220 36.44
Credit counselors and loan officers............................................... 314,300 32.70 68,010 27.65
Credit counselors................................................................ 27,640 21.00 43,670 18.95
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Business and financial operations occupations (Continued)
Loan officers.................................................................... 286,670 $33.82 $70,350 $28.76
Tax examiners, collectors and preparers, and revenue agents....................... 126,700 23.62 49,120 21.14
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents................................. 65,560 26.95 56,050 24.25
Tax preparers.................................................................... 61,140 20.05 41,700 16.22
Financial specialists, all other.................................................. 147,630 32.22 67,020 29.40
Computer and mathematical occupations 3,578,220 38.55 80,180 36.67
Computer occupations............................................................... 3,456,500 38.47 80,020 36.67
Computer and information research scientists...................................... 24,880 49.84 103,670 49.13
Computer and information analysts................................................. 554,710 40.64 84,520 38.68
Computer systems analysts........................................................ 482,040 40.29 83,800 38.31
Information security analysts.................................................... 72,670 42.93 89,290 41.43
Software developers and programmers............................................... 1,397,780 43.50 90,470 41.87
Computer programmers............................................................. 316,790 37.63 78,260 35.71
Software developers, applications................................................ 586,340 44.85 93,280 43.30
Software developers, systems software............................................ 391,700 49.30 102,550 47.59
Web developers................................................................... 102,940 31.78 66,100 30.05
Database and systems administrators and network architects........................ 599,800 38.90 80,910 36.96
Database administrators.......................................................... 111,590 38.04 79,120 37.06
Network and computer systems administrators...................................... 350,320 36.69 76,320 34.88
Computer network architects...................................................... 137,890 45.19 94,000 43.75
Computer support specialists...................................................... 693,610 25.59 53,230 23.51
Computer user support specialists................................................ 525,630 24.10 50,130 22.32
Computer network support specialists............................................. 167,980 30.27 62,960 28.41
Computer occupations, all other................................................... 185,730 39.36 81,860 39.01
Mathematical science occupations................................................... 121,720 40.74 84,740 36.67
Actuaries......................................................................... 21,340 51.29 106,680 45.04
Mathematicians.................................................................... 3,250 48.69 101,280 48.73
Operations research analysts...................................................... 69,180 38.38 79,830 34.66
Statisticians..................................................................... 25,570 38.25 79,570 36.33
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations.................................... 2,370 30.63 63,720 27.12
Mathematical technicians......................................................... 1,150 30.87 64,220 27.32
Mathematical science occupations, all other...................................... 1,220 30.41 63,250 26.98
Architecture and engineering occupations 2,356,530 37.98 79,000 35.35
Architects, surveyors, and cartographers........................................... 150,150 34.16 71,040 31.91
Architects, except naval.......................................................... 98,470 37.01 76,990 34.47
Architects, except landscape and naval........................................... 82,720 37.83 78,690 35.14
Landscape architects............................................................. 15,750 32.71 68,030 30.86
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists................................... 51,680 28.71 59,720 27.18
Cartographers and photogrammetrists.............................................. 11,490 29.63 61,640 27.62
Surveyors........................................................................ 40,190 28.45 59,180 27.04
Engineers.......................................................................... 1,530,090 43.73 90,960 41.44
Aerospace engineers............................................................... 80,420 50.39 104,810 49.87
Agricultural engineers............................................................ 2,470 37.20 77,370 35.58
Biomedical engineers.............................................................. 18,810 43.84 91,200 41.81
Chemical engineers................................................................ 32,190 49.17 102,270 45.36
Civil engineers................................................................... 258,100 40.45 84,140 38.14
Computer hardware engineers....................................................... 79,580 49.99 103,980 48.52
Electrical and electronics engineers.............................................. 295,520 44.89 93,380 43.09
Electrical engineers............................................................. 160,560 44.14 91,810 42.27
Electronics engineers, except computer........................................... 134,960 45.79 95,250 44.14
Environmental engineers........................................................... 50,850 40.93 85,140 38.89
Industrial engineers, including health and safety................................. 243,620 39.36 81,870 37.83
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors....... 23,490 38.35 79,760 36.94
Industrial engineers............................................................. 220,130 39.47 82,100 37.92
Marine engineers and naval architects............................................. 6,880 46.22 96,140 42.36
Materials engineers............................................................... 22,740 42.06 87,490 40.94
Mechanical engineers.............................................................. 252,540 40.75 84,770 38.74
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers................ 7,640 43.87 91,250 40.54
Nuclear engineers................................................................. 19,930 51.51 107,140 50.13
Petroleum engineers............................................................... 36,410 70.90 147,470 62.64
Engineers, all other.............................................................. 122,410 44.87 93,330 44.24
Drafters, engineering technicians, and mapping technicians......................... 676,280 25.82 53,700 24.87
Drafters.......................................................................... 189,570 25.25 52,520 23.86
Architectural and civil drafters................................................. 83,410 24.30 50,550 23.01
Electrical and electronics drafters.............................................. 28,160 28.12 58,490 26.78
Mechanical drafters.............................................................. 63,220 25.61 53,270 24.21
Drafters, all other.............................................................. 14,780 23.58 49,050 22.17
Engineering technicians, except drafters.......................................... 439,710 26.63 55,390 25.92
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians................................. 9,750 29.80 61,980 29.58
Civil engineering technicians.................................................... 70,790 23.66 49,220 22.87
Electrical and electronics engineering technicians............................... 144,460 27.92 58,070 27.81
Electro-mechanical technicians................................................... 16,990 25.71 53,480 24.91
Environmental engineering technicians............................................ 18,590 23.74 49,380 21.80
Industrial engineering technicians............................................... 67,400 25.53 53,100 24.51
Mechanical engineering technicians............................................... 46,630 25.88 53,830 24.99
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other.............................. 65,090 29.25 60,830 28.58
Surveying and mapping technicians 47,000 20.52 42,680 19.07
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
wages
Hourly Annual¹
Life, physical, and social science occupations 1,104,100 $32.87 $68,360 $28.89
Life scientists.................................................................... 260,030 37.32 77,620 33.07
Agricultural and food scientists.................................................. 28,220 30.99 64,470 28.18
Animal scientists................................................................ 2,120 35.29 73,400 29.65
Food scientists and technologists................................................ 13,680 30.84 64,140 27.92
Soil and plant scientists........................................................ 12,410 30.43 63,290 28.24
Biological scientists............................................................. 94,680 36.84 76,630 33.58
Biochemists and biophysicists.................................................... 26,410 43.01 89,470 39.17
Microbiologists.................................................................. 18,550 35.22 73,250 31.86
Zoologists and wildlife biologists............................................... 18,650 30.05 62,500 27.74
Biological scientists, all other................................................. 31,080 36.64 76,220 34.95
Conservation scientists and foresters............................................. 27,920 29.52 61,400 28.40
Conservation scientists.......................................................... 18,460 30.57 63,590 29.38
Foresters........................................................................ 9,470 27.47 57,140 26.90
Medical scientists................................................................ 100,270 41.85 87,040 36.58
Epidemiologists.................................................................. 4,850 34.33 71,400 31.38
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists....................................... 95,420 42.23 87,830 37.01
Life scientists, all other........................................................ 8,940 35.93 74,740 31.41
Physical scientists................................................................ 274,610 40.08 83,360 35.99
Astronomers and physicists........................................................ 19,960 54.28 112,900 51.14
Astronomers...................................................................... 2,150 49.30 102,550 46.37
Physicists....................................................................... 17,820 54.88 114,150 51.37
Atmospheric and space scientists.................................................. 10,190 43.27 90,010 42.91
Chemists and materials scientists................................................. 92,920 37.49 77,970 35.13
Chemists......................................................................... 84,950 36.96 76,870 34.50
Materials scientists............................................................. 7,970 43.15 89,740 42.78
Environmental scientists and geoscientists........................................ 126,300 38.48 80,040 33.53
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health....................... 84,240 33.16 68,970 30.56
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers............................... 35,180 51.33 106,780 43.70
Hydrologists..................................................................... 6,880 37.94 78,920 36.31
Physical scientists, all other.................................................... 25,230 45.06 93,720 44.06
Social scientists and related workers.............................................. 235,390 35.51 73,870 33.31
Economists........................................................................ 15,760 47.83 99,480 44.16
Survey researchers................................................................ 17,370 24.47 50,890 21.66
Psychologists..................................................................... 114,970 35.45 73,740 33.31
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists................................... 103,590 34.72 72,220 32.53
Industrial-organizational psychologists.......................................... 1,030 47.50 98,800 40.18
Psychologists, all other......................................................... 10,350 41.53 86,380 43.28
Sociologists...................................................................... 2,340 38.86 80,820 36.04
Urban and regional planners....................................................... 37,620 32.67 67,950 31.36
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers............................... 47,330 37.71 78,440 35.93
Anthropologists and archeologists................................................ 6,060 28.95 60,230 27.61
Geographers...................................................................... 1,510 35.59 74,020 35.94
Historians....................................................................... 3,340 28.00 58,240 25.23
Political scientists............................................................. 5,750 50.29 104,600 49.04
Social scientists and related workers, all other................................. 30,660 38.25 79,560 36.80
Life, physical, and social science technicians..................................... 334,060 21.61 44,950 19.78
Agricultural and food science technicians......................................... 18,280 17.49 36,390 16.38
Biological technicians............................................................ 72,740 20.48 42,600 19.11
Chemical technicians.............................................................. 61,300 22.18 46,130 20.64
Geological and petroleum technicians.............................................. 15,360 28.79 59,880 25.34
Nuclear technicians............................................................... 8,040 33.52 69,720 33.20
Social science research assistants................................................ 26,370 19.60 40,760 17.86
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians...................... 131,970 21.39 44,480 19.81
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health............... 30,890 21.43 44,570 19.83
Forensic science technicians..................................................... 12,440 26.79 55,730 25.41
Forest and conservation technicians.............................................. 31,720 17.80 37,030 16.31
Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other........................ 56,920 22.18 46,130 20.74
Community and social service occupations 1,882,080 21.27 44,240 19.42
Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists..... 1,811,660 21.26 44,220 19.43
Counselors........................................................................ 598,250 22.84 47,510 21.18
Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors............................... 80,130 19.67 40,920 18.52
Educational, guidance, school, and vocational counselors......................... 237,480 27.00 56,170 25.77
Marriage and family therapists................................................... 34,270 23.69 49,270 22.44
Mental health counselors......................................................... 115,080 20.81 43,290 19.27
Rehabilitation counselors........................................................ 104,070 17.95 37,330 16.29
Counselors, all other............................................................ 27,220 22.15 46,060 21.06
Social workers.................................................................... 582,270 22.78 47,370 21.25
Child, family, and school social workers......................................... 273,920 21.78 45,300 19.97
Healthcare social workers........................................................ 140,000 24.74 51,460 23.96
Mental health and substance abuse social workers................................. 109,920 20.84 43,340 19.22
Social workers, all other........................................................ 58,430 26.38 54,870 26.23
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists............................ 631,150 18.37 38,200 16.41
Health educators................................................................. 55,270 25.53 53,100 23.46
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists........................ 86,780 25.18 52,380 23.17
Social and human service assistants.............................................. 351,400 14.85 30,880 13.87
Community health workers......................................................... 38,020 18.02 37,490 16.64
Community and social service specialists, all other.............................. 99,680 20.99 43,660 19.74
Religious workers.................................................................. 70,410 21.41 44,540 19.40
Clergy............................................................................ 44,000 23.02 47,880 21.18
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
wages
Hourly Annual¹
Community and social service occupations (Continued)
Directors, religious activities and education..................................... 18,310 $20.50 $42,640 $17.92
Religious workers, all other...................................................... 8,110 14.73 30,650 12.69
Legal occupations 1,023,020 47.39 98,570 36.19
Lawyers, judges, and related workers............................................... 641,020 60.99 126,860 53.24
Lawyers and judicial law clerks................................................... 593,120 62.21 129,410 53.91
Lawyers.......................................................................... 581,920 62.93 130,880 54.58
Judicial law clerks.............................................................. 11,200 25.29 52,610 22.66
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers................................... 47,900 45.83 95,340 45.84
Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers.................... 14,150 43.26 89,970 41.94
Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators......................................... 6,520 37.12 77,200 29.46
Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates....................................... 27,220 49.26 102,470 55.65
Legal support workers.............................................................. 382,000 24.57 51,100 22.53
Paralegals and legal assistants................................................... 267,030 24.15 50,220 22.59
Miscellaneous legal support workers............................................... 114,970 25.55 53,150 22.39
Court reporters.................................................................. 18,590 25.48 53,010 23.15
Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers...................................... 49,390 22.26 46,310 20.18
Legal support workers, all other................................................. 47,000 29.03 60,390 25.32
Education, training, and library occupations 8,374,910 24.62 51,210 22.13
Postsecondary teachers............................................................. 1,496,810 (²) 73,770 (²)
Business teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 82,460 (²) 85,730 (²)
Math and computer teachers, postsecondary......................................... 87,880 (²) 75,800 (²)
Computer science teachers, postsecondary......................................... 34,350 (²) 79,870 (²)
Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary..................................... 53,530 (²) 73,190 (²)
Engineering and architecture teachers, postsecondary.............................. 41,260 (²) 96,330 (²)
Architecture teachers, postsecondary............................................. 7,290 (²) 78,770 (²)
Engineering teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 33,970 (²) 100,100 (²)
Life sciences teachers, postsecondary............................................. 63,020 (²) 86,350 (²)
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary.................................... 10,500 (²) 83,990 (²)
Biological science teachers, postsecondary....................................... 50,040 (²) 87,060 (²)
Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary........................ 2,490 (²) 82,020 (²)
Physical sciences teachers, postsecondary......................................... 50,190 (²) 86,130 (²)
Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary........... 10,930 (²) 91,930 (²)
Chemistry teachers, postsecondary................................................ 20,430 (²) 81,460 (²)
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary.................................... 4,990 (²) 86,080 (²)
Physics teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 13,840 (²) 88,470 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary........................................... 115,380 (²) 79,290 (²)
Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary.............................. 5,690 (²) 82,860 (²)
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary....................... 9,710 (²) 77,690 (²)
Economics teachers, postsecondary................................................ 13,390 (²) 97,770 (²)
Geography teachers, postsecondary................................................ 4,460 (²) 71,890 (²)
Political science teachers, postsecondary........................................ 16,770 (²) 81,860 (²)
Psychology teachers, postsecondary............................................... 38,060 (²) 74,240 (²)
Sociology teachers, postsecondary................................................ 16,880 (²) 73,080 (²)
Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other............................... 10,430 (²) 82,570 (²)
Health teachers, postsecondary.................................................... 208,350 (²) 91,810 (²)
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary....................................... 152,130 (²) 100,370 (²)
Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary.................................. 56,220 (²) 68,640 (²)
Education and library science teachers, postsecondary............................. 67,430 (²) 65,380 (²)
Education teachers, postsecondary................................................ 62,920 (²) 65,000 (²)
Library science teachers, postsecondary.......................................... 4,510 (²) 70,770 (²)
Law, criminal justice, and social work teachers, postsecondary.................... 39,090 (²) 85,300 (²)
Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary..................... 14,020 (²) 62,770 (²)
Law teachers, postsecondary...................................................... 15,260 (²) 115,550 (²)
Social work teachers, postsecondary.............................................. 9,810 (²) 70,430 (²)
Arts, communications, and humanities teachers, postsecondary...................... 271,550 (²) 70,450 (²)
Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary.................................... 92,570 (²) 73,340 (²)
Communications teachers, postsecondary........................................... 30,030 (²) 68,540 (²)
English language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 72,680 (²) 67,980 (²)
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary.......................... 29,810 (²) 66,730 (²)
History teachers, postsecondary.................................................. 23,590 (²) 73,090 (²)
Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary.................................. 22,880 (²) 71,210 (²)
Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers.............................................. 470,200 (²) 59,110 (²)
Graduate teaching assistants..................................................... 120,160 (²) 33,030 (²)
Home economics teachers, postsecondary........................................... 4,700 (²) 68,260 (²)
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary........................... 19,410 (²) 64,490 (²)
Vocational education teachers, postsecondary..................................... 121,550 25.37 52,770 23.07
Postsecondary teachers, all other................................................ 204,380 (²) 77,500 (²)
Preschool, primary, secondary, and special education school teachers............... 4,033,290 (²) 54,550 (²)
Preschool and kindergarten teachers............................................... 497,720 18.17 37,800 15.89
Preschool teachers, except special education..................................... 340,350 14.79 30,750 13.04
Kindergarten teachers, except special education.................................. 157,370 (²) 53,030 (²)
Elementary and middle school teachers............................................. 1,999,790 (²) 56,180 (²)
Elementary school teachers, except special education............................. 1,360,380 (²) 56,130 (²)
Middle school teachers, except special and career/technical education............ 620,900 (²) 56,280 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, middle school............................... 18,510 (²) 56,270 (²)
Secondary school teachers......................................................... 1,047,550 (²) 57,710 (²)
Secondary school teachers, except special and career/technical education......... 959,770 (²) 57,770 (²)
Career/technical education teachers, secondary school............................ 87,780 (²) 57,140 (²)
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
wages
Hourly Annual¹
Education, training, and library occupations (Continued)
Special education teachers........................................................ 488,230 (²) $58,140 (²)
Special education teachers, preschool............................................ 21,770 (²) 57,770 (²)
Special education teachers, kindergarten and elementary school................... 197,740 (²) 56,700 (²)
Special education teachers, middle school........................................ 96,380 (²) 59,320 (²)
Special education teachers, secondary school..................................... 133,080 (²) 60,090 (²)
Special education teachers, all other............................................ 39,260 (²) 56,160 (²)
Other teachers and instructors..................................................... 1,137,130 17.95 37,340 14.47
Adult basic and secondary education and literacy teachers and instructors......... 66,040 25.06 52,130 23.36
Self-enrichment education teachers................................................ 179,650 19.40 40,360 16.98
Miscellaneous teachers and instructors............................................ 891,450 17.13 35,630 13.72
Substitute teachers.............................................................. 619,700 14.22 29,590 12.47
Teachers and instructors, all other, except substitute teachers.................. 271,740 (²) 49,430 (²)
Librarians, curators, and archivists............................................... 266,950 22.62 47,060 21.31
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians...................................... 26,440 23.64 49,180 21.35
Archivists....................................................................... 5,640 24.43 50,810 22.76
Curators......................................................................... 10,370 26.25 54,600 23.84
Museum technicians and conservators.............................................. 10,430 20.63 42,920 18.38
Librarians........................................................................ 140,280 27.49 57,190 26.62
Library technicians............................................................... 100,230 15.54 32,320 14.74
Other education, training, and library occupations................................. 1,440,720 (²) 30,180 (²)
Audio-visual and multimedia collections specialists............................... 8,690 22.03 45,820 20.84
Farm and home management advisors................................................. 11,060 23.43 48,730 22.48
Instructional coordinators........................................................ 133,100 30.01 62,420 28.87
Teacher assistants................................................................ 1,185,700 (²) 25,310 (²)
Education, training, and library workers, all other............................... 102,180 19.85 41,280 17.60
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations 1,750,130 26.20 54,490 21.12
Art and design workers............................................................. 499,620 24.02 49,960 20.31
Artists and related workers....................................................... 84,990 35.52 73,870 30.44
Art directors.................................................................... 31,570 45.32 94,260 38.88
Craft artists.................................................................... 4,810 16.94 35,240 14.23
Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators.................... 12,480 25.96 54,000 21.56
Multimedia artists and animators................................................. 29,270 33.44 69,560 29.50
Artists and related workers, all other........................................... 6,850 29.65 61,680 28.77
Designers......................................................................... 414,630 21.67 45,060 18.77
Commercial and industrial designers.............................................. 29,030 30.02 62,430 28.66
Fashion designers................................................................ 16,560 34.92 72,620 30.22
Floral designers................................................................. 47,110 12.28 25,550 11.45
Graphic designers................................................................ 191,440 23.43 48,730 21.22
Interior designers............................................................... 40,750 25.47 52,970 22.89
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers....................................... 73,490 13.88 28,860 12.70
Set and exhibit designers........................................................ 8,680 26.11 54,310 24.18
Designers, all other............................................................. 7,560 24.56 51,080 21.79
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers............................ 489,840 27.35 56,890 18.52
Actors, producers, and directors.................................................. 157,550 40.64 84,520 28.89
Actors........................................................................... 70,540 35.97 (²) 20.26
Producers and directors.......................................................... 87,010 44.42 92,390 34.31
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers................................... 229,830 (²) 38,520 (²)
Athletes and sports competitors.................................................. 12,450 (²) 75,760 (²)
Coaches and scouts............................................................... 201,800 (²) 36,680 (²)
Umpires, referees, and other sports officials.................................... 15,570 (²) 32,600 (²)
Dancers and choreographers........................................................ 18,790 20.04 41,680 15.87
Dancers.......................................................................... 11,390 19.02 (²) 14.16
Choreographers................................................................... 7,400 21.60 44,930 18.33
Musicians, singers, and related workers........................................... 67,050 29.61 (²) 23.13
Music directors and composers.................................................... 24,940 25.68 53,420 22.77
Musicians and singers............................................................ 42,100 31.94 (²) 23.50
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other................ 16,630 22.64 (²) 15.58
Media and communication workers.................................................... 551,020 28.45 59,180 24.49
Announcers........................................................................ 39,460 19.95 41,490 13.34
Radio and television announcers.................................................. 31,340 20.13 41,860 13.47
Public address system and other announcers....................................... 8,120 19.27 40,070 12.61
News analysts, reporters and correspondents....................................... 50,740 23.32 48,510 17.83
Broadcast news analysts.......................................................... 5,170 37.68 78,380 26.63
Reporters and correspondents..................................................... 45,570 21.69 45,120 17.25
Public relations specialists...................................................... 201,280 29.80 61,980 26.04
Writers and editors............................................................... 187,190 31.31 65,130 27.62
Editors.......................................................................... 99,040 30.02 62,440 25.90
Technical writers................................................................ 46,160 32.65 67,910 31.49
Writers and authors.............................................................. 41,990 32.90 68,420 26.89
Miscellaneous media and communication workers..................................... 72,350 25.55 53,150 21.81
Interpreters and translators..................................................... 50,320 25.68 53,410 21.84
Media and communication workers, all other....................................... 22,030 25.27 52,550 21.71
Media and communication equipment workers.......................................... 209,640 22.76 47,350 18.97
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators................... 101,510 22.45 46,690 19.81
Audio and video equipment technicians............................................ 54,310 22.13 46,040 20.12
Broadcast technicians............................................................ 31,640 21.18 44,050 18.21
Radio operators.................................................................. 1,280 20.79 43,240 20.23
Sound engineering technicians.................................................... 14,280 26.60 55,340 22.27
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
wage
Hourly Annual¹
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations (Continued)
Photographers..................................................................... 56,140 $17.47 $36,330 $13.70
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors................ 37,910 27.66 57,540 22.25
Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture.......................... 16,410 23.56 49,010 19.38
Film and video editors........................................................... 21,500 30.80 64,060 24.66
Media and communication equipment workers, all other.............................. 14,090 32.97 68,570 33.08
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations 7,649,930 35.35 73,540 28.94
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners....................................... 4,680,350 44.18 91,890 35.29
Chiropractors..................................................................... 27,740 38.25 79,550 31.81
Dentists.......................................................................... 109,570 80.25 166,910 71.79
Dentists, general................................................................ 93,580 78.48 163,240 69.83
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons.................................................. 4,990 104.06 216,440 (³)
Orthodontists.................................................................... 5,530 89.58 186,320 (³)
Prosthodontists.................................................................. 310 80.83 168,120 81.31
Dentists, all other specialists.................................................. 5,150 79.22 164,780 74.51
Dietitians and nutritionists...................................................... 58,240 27.00 56,170 26.56
Optometrists...................................................................... 29,180 52.80 109,810 47.03
Pharmacists....................................................................... 281,560 55.27 114,950 56.09
Physicians and surgeons........................................................... 611,650 91.38 190,060 (³)
Anesthesiologists................................................................ 29,930 111.94 232,830 (³)
Family and general practitioners................................................. 110,050 86.95 180,850 82.70
Internists, general.............................................................. 45,210 92.08 191,520 (³)
Obstetricians and gynecologists.................................................. 20,880 104.21 216,760 (³)
Pediatricians, general........................................................... 30,560 80.59 167,640 74.35
Psychiatrists.................................................................... 24,210 85.35 177,520 83.33
Surgeons......................................................................... 42,410 110.84 230,540 (³)
Physicians and surgeons, all other............................................... 308,410 88.86 184,820 (³)
Physician assistants.............................................................. 83,640 44.45 92,460 43.72
Podiatrists....................................................................... 9,090 63.69 132,470 55.98
Therapists........................................................................ 591,350 34.50 71,760 33.66
Occupational therapists.......................................................... 105,540 36.73 76,400 36.25
Physical therapists.............................................................. 191,460 38.99 81,110 38.39
Radiation therapists............................................................. 18,230 38.66 80,410 37.29
Recreational therapists.......................................................... 19,180 21.29 44,280 20.33
Respiratory therapists........................................................... 116,960 27.50 57,200 26.86
Speech-language pathologists..................................................... 121,690 34.97 72,730 33.59
Exercise physiologists........................................................... 5,820 22.89 47,610 21.53
Therapists, all other............................................................ 12,480 27.29 56,760 25.58
Veterinarians..................................................................... 56,020 44.83 93,250 40.61
Registered nurses................................................................. 2,633,980 32.66 67,930 31.48
Nurse anesthetists................................................................ 34,180 74.22 154,390 71.23
Nurse midwives.................................................................... 5,710 43.78 91,070 43.08
Nurse practitioners............................................................... 105,780 43.97 91,450 43.25
Audiologists...................................................................... 12,060 35.04 72,890 33.52
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other........................... 30,590 41.22 85,740 34.96
Health technologists and technicians............................................... 2,827,170 21.12 43,930 19.41
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians................................. 318,620 23.59 49,070 22.99
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists.................................... 160,700 28.19 58,640 27.69
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians...................................... 157,920 18.91 39,340 17.90
Dental hygienists................................................................. 190,290 33.99 70,700 33.75
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians.................................. 353,060 28.45 59,170 27.81
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians..................................... 50,530 25.51 53,050 25.04
Diagnostic medical sonographers.................................................. 57,700 31.90 66,360 31.66
Nuclear medicine technologists................................................... 20,480 34.06 70,840 33.74
Radiologic technologists......................................................... 194,790 27.14 56,450 26.26
Magnetic resonance imaging technologists......................................... 29,560 31.45 65,410 31.42
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics...................................... 232,860 16.53 34,370 14.91
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians......................... 668,870 15.98 33,240 15.06
Dietetic technicians............................................................. 24,660 13.79 28,680 12.62
Pharmacy technicians............................................................. 353,340 14.63 30,430 14.10
Psychiatric technicians.......................................................... 67,760 15.93 33,140 14.45
Respiratory therapy technicians.................................................. 13,460 22.84 47,510 22.48
Surgical technologists........................................................... 97,150 20.91 43,480 20.09
Veterinary technologists and technicians......................................... 83,350 15.13 31,470 14.56
Ophthalmic medical technicians................................................... 29,170 17.11 35,590 16.46
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................................. 718,800 20.39 42,400 19.97
Medical records and health information technicians................................ 182,370 17.68 36,770 16.42
Opticians, dispensing............................................................. 64,930 16.83 35,010 16.03
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians................................ 97,380 22.40 46,590 20.17
Orthotists and prosthetists...................................................... 7,890 33.64 69,960 30.13
Hearing aid specialists.......................................................... 4,980 22.49 46,780 19.92
Health technologists and technicians, all other.................................. 84,510 21.35 44,400 19.57
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations........................... 142,410 27.86 57,960 26.02
Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians........................ 71,500 31.25 65,000 30.39
Occupational health and safety specialists....................................... 59,610 32.67 67,960 32.11
Occupational health and safety technicians....................................... 11,890 24.11 50,150 22.81
Miscellaneous health practitioners and technical workers.......................... 70,910 24.45 50,860 21.39
Athletic trainers................................................................ 20,780 (²) 44,010 (²)
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations (Continued)
Genetic counselors............................................................... 2,000 $26.84 $55,820 $27.31
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other........................ 48,130 25.78 53,610 22.20
Healthcare support occupations 3,915,460 13.36 27,780 12.28
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides........................................ 2,391,750 11.69 24,320 11.07
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................................... 2,391,750 11.69 24,320 11.07
Home health aides................................................................ 839,930 10.49 21,830 10.01
Psychiatric aides................................................................ 77,880 12.83 26,680 11.82
Nursing assistants............................................................... 1,420,020 12.32 25,620 11.74
Orderlies........................................................................ 53,920 12.35 25,700 11.53
Occupational therapy and physical therapist assistants and aides................... 155,970 20.63 42,920 20.25
Occupational therapy assistants and aides......................................... 37,460 23.15 48,160 23.53
Occupational therapy assistants.................................................. 29,500 25.52 53,090 25.60
Occupational therapy aides....................................................... 7,950 14.36 29,870 12.91
Physical therapist assistants and aides........................................... 118,510 19.84 41,260 18.96
Physical therapist assistants.................................................... 69,810 25.15 52,320 25.08
Physical therapist aides......................................................... 48,700 12.22 25,410 11.48
Other healthcare support occupations............................................... 1,367,740 15.43 32,100 14.72
Massage therapists................................................................ 71,040 19.40 40,350 17.29
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................................... 1,296,700 15.21 31,640 14.63
Dental assistants................................................................ 300,160 16.86 35,080 16.59
Medical assistants............................................................... 553,140 14.69 30,550 14.12
Medical equipment preparers...................................................... 50,230 15.51 32,260 14.82
Medical transcriptionists........................................................ 74,810 16.66 34,650 16.36
Pharmacy aides................................................................... 42,600 11.28 23,460 10.51
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers........................... 71,500 11.90 24,740 11.12
Phlebotomists.................................................................... 100,380 14.86 30,910 14.29
Healthcare support workers, all other............................................ 103,890 16.29 33,880 15.77
Protective service occupations 3,207,790 20.70 43,050 17.60
Supervisors of protective service workers.......................................... 266,920 32.77 68,170 30.70
First-line supervisors of law enforcement workers................................. 144,680 36.31 75,530 34.39
First-line supervisors of correctional officers.................................. 44,830 29.31 60,970 27.81
First-line supervisors of police and detectives.................................. 99,860 39.45 82,060 37.63
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers.................... 60,600 34.23 71,190 32.79
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other................... 61,640 23.05 47,940 22.03
Fire fighting and prevention workers............................................... 311,360 23.16 48,180 21.92
Firefighters...................................................................... 297,700 23.00 47,850 21.75
Fire inspectors................................................................... 13,660 26.61 55,350 24.94
Fire inspectors and investigators................................................ 11,860 27.60 57,400 25.96
Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists................................ 1,800 20.13 41,860 17.20
Law enforcement workers............................................................ 1,212,010 25.98 54,040 23.93
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers...................................... 451,100 20.87 43,410 18.74
Bailiffs......................................................................... 16,240 19.15 39,840 17.71
Correctional officers and jailers................................................ 434,870 20.94 43,550 18.77
Detectives and criminal investigators............................................. 109,230 37.43 77,860 35.72
Fish and game wardens............................................................. 6,320 23.75 49,400 23.11
Parking enforcement workers....................................................... 9,210 17.70 36,810 17.16
Police officers................................................................... 636,140 27.78 57,770 26.57
Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................................. 632,000 27.78 57,770 26.57
Transit and railroad police...................................................... 4,140 27.83 57,880 26.54
Other protective service workers................................................... 1,417,510 13.36 27,790 11.65
Animal control workers............................................................ 13,890 16.09 33,470 15.23
Private detectives and investigators.............................................. 23,390 24.42 50,780 21.99
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................................. 1,055,580 13.12 27,290 11.55
Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators............................ 9,150 15.40 32,040 14.23
Security guards.................................................................. 1,046,420 13.10 27,240 11.52
Miscellaneous protective service workers.......................................... 324,650 13.24 27,530 11.53
Crossing guards.................................................................. 70,390 12.58 26,160 11.50
Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers........ 125,770 9.96 20,720 9.11
Transportation security screeners................................................ 47,200 17.85 37,130 17.71
Protective service workers, all other............................................ 81,290 16.19 33,680 14.65
Food preparation and serving related occupations 11,546,880 10.28 21,380 9.10
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................................ 914,970 16.05 33,390 14.48
Supervisors of food preparation and serving workers............................... 914,970 16.05 33,390 14.48
Chefs and head cooks............................................................. 97,370 22.39 46,570 20.42
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers................... 817,600 15.30 31,820 14.07
Cooks and food preparation workers................................................. 2,870,010 10.52 21,890 9.66
Cooks............................................................................. 2,084,640 10.70 22,260 9.88
Cooks, fast food................................................................. 504,740 9.03 18,780 8.85
Cooks, institution and cafeteria................................................. 395,280 11.70 24,340 10.99
Cooks, private household......................................................... 540 13.38 27,840 11.29
Cooks, restaurant................................................................ 1,000,710 11.20 23,300 10.59
Cooks, short order............................................................... 162,320 10.21 21,240 9.48
Cooks, all other................................................................. 21,050 12.17 25,310 11.18
Food preparation workers.......................................................... 785,370 10.05 20,910 9.28
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Food preparation and serving related occupations (Continued)
Food and beverage serving workers.................................................. 6,485,990 $9.54 $19,840 $8.88
Bartenders........................................................................ 538,220 10.40 21,630 9.09
Fast food and counter workers..................................................... 3,378,030 9.04 18,810 8.80
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food............... 2,943,810 9.00 18,720 8.78
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop.................. 434,220 9.34 19,430 8.92
Waiters and waitresses............................................................ 2,332,020 9.95 20,710 8.92
Food servers, nonrestaurant....................................................... 237,740 10.58 22,010 9.44
Other food preparation and serving related workers................................. 1,275,900 9.36 19,470 8.91
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers........................ 395,750 9.47 19,690 8.89
Dishwashers....................................................................... 501,910 9.10 18,930 8.88
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop.......................... 341,400 9.41 19,570 8.93
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other........................... 36,850 11.25 23,390 9.76
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations 4,246,260 12.34 25,670 10.91
Supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers............... 269,700 19.47 40,500 18.08
First-line supervisors of building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers... 269,700 19.47 40,500 18.08
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers.................... 170,690 18.19 37,830 16.98
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers.. 99,010 21.68 45,100 20.27
Building cleaning and pest control workers......................................... 3,067,210 11.60 24,130 10.37
Building cleaning workers......................................................... 3,005,830 11.52 23,970 10.31
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners.................... 2,097,380 11.95 24,850 10.73
Maids and housekeeping cleaners.................................................. 894,920 10.49 21,820 9.41
Building cleaning workers, all other............................................. 13,530 14.13 29,390 13.25
Pest control workers.............................................................. 61,380 15.47 32,190 14.45
Grounds maintenance workers........................................................ 909,350 12.72 26,460 11.53
Grounds maintenance workers....................................................... 909,350 12.72 26,460 11.53
Landscaping and groundskeeping workers........................................... 830,640 12.44 25,870 11.33
Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation........................ 23,650 15.38 32,000 14.55
Tree trimmers and pruners........................................................ 39,750 16.27 33,850 15.54
Grounds maintenance workers, all other........................................... 15,300 14.72 30,620 12.86
Personal care and service occupations 3,810,750 11.80 24,550 10.02
Supervisors of personal care and service workers................................... 174,450 19.10 39,740 17.61
First-line supervisors of gaming workers.......................................... 32,490 22.12 46,010 21.81
Gaming supervisors............................................................... 24,760 23.89 49,700 23.70
Slot supervisors................................................................. 7,730 16.44 34,200 15.57
First-line supervisors of personal service workers................................ 141,960 18.41 38,300 16.90
Animal care and service workers.................................................... 161,310 11.02 22,920 9.60
Animal trainers................................................................... 11,170 14.59 30,340 12.15
Nonfarm animal caretakers......................................................... 150,140 10.75 22,370 9.46
Entertainment attendants and related workers....................................... 530,880 10.23 21,280 9.06
Gaming services workers........................................................... 123,860 11.09 23,080 9.09
Gaming dealers................................................................... 98,310 10.77 22,410 8.96
Gaming and sports book writers and runners....................................... 12,710 11.92 24,790 10.49
Gaming service workers, all other................................................ 12,850 12.74 26,500 11.29
Motion picture projectionists..................................................... 8,030 10.38 21,600 9.53
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers....................................... 106,860 9.77 20,320 9.01
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers........................ 292,130 10.03 20,870 9.06
Amusement and recreation attendants.............................................. 256,400 9.63 20,020 9.00
Costume attendants............................................................... 5,660 21.55 44,830 17.67
Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants.............................. 19,190 10.28 21,390 9.21
Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other.......................... 10,890 13.17 27,400 12.09
Funeral service workers............................................................ 60,000 17.70 36,820 14.24
Embalmers......................................................................... 5,040 21.00 43,680 20.31
Funeral attendants................................................................ 31,890 11.66 24,250 10.87
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors.................................... 23,070 25.33 52,690 22.52
Personal appearance workers........................................................ 478,160 12.68 26,370 10.67
Barbers, hairdressers, hairstylists and cosmetologists............................ 368,500 12.89 26,820 10.95
Barbers.......................................................................... 12,590 13.23 27,520 12.06
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists................................... 355,910 12.88 26,790 10.91
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers......................................... 109,660 11.97 24,890 9.64
Makeup artists, theatrical and performance....................................... 1,950 32.49 67,580 30.99
Manicurists and pedicurists...................................................... 62,330 10.31 21,440 9.24
Shampooers....................................................................... 13,570 8.94 18,600 8.80
Skincare specialists............................................................. 31,810 15.25 31,720 13.77
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges.......................................... 66,360 12.27 25,510 11.00
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges......................................... 66,360 12.27 25,510 11.00
Baggage porters and bellhops..................................................... 40,480 11.10 23,090 9.64
Concierges....................................................................... 25,880 14.09 29,310 13.10
Tour and travel guides............................................................. 35,480 13.19 27,440 11.74
Tour and travel guides............................................................ 35,480 13.19 27,440 11.74
Tour guides and escorts.......................................................... 31,270 12.63 26,280 11.51
Travel guides.................................................................... 4,210 17.34 36,060 14.80
Other personal care and service workers............................................ 2,304,120 11.29 23,490 9.92
Childcare workers................................................................. 624,520 10.25 21,310 9.38
Personal care aides............................................................... 985,230 10.01 20,830 9.57
Recreation and fitness workers.................................................... 543,800 14.60 30,370 11.71
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors........................................ 234,070 17.74 36,900 15.25
Recreation workers............................................................... 309,730 12.22 25,430 10.69
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Personal care and service occupations (Continued)
Residential advisors.............................................................. 83,760 $12.72 $26,470 $11.79
Personal care and service workers, all other...................................... 66,810 11.26 23,420 9.90
Sales and related occupations 13,835,090 18.26 37,990 12.08
Supervisors of sales workers....................................................... 1,457,580 22.99 47,820 18.92
First-line supervisors of sales workers........................................... 1,457,580 22.99 47,820 18.92
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers................................... 1,214,170 19.67 40,910 17.70
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers............................... 243,420 39.58 82,320 33.68
Retail sales workers............................................................... 8,326,900 11.35 23,610 9.56
Cashiers.......................................................................... 3,335,980 9.81 20,410 9.13
Cashiers......................................................................... 3,314,010 9.79 20,370 9.12
Gaming change persons and booth cashiers......................................... 21,970 12.38 25,740 11.87
Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons.................................. 650,920 13.81 28,720 12.05
Counter and rental clerks........................................................ 432,650 12.93 26,900 11.12
Parts salespersons............................................................... 218,270 15.54 32,320 14.21
Retail salespersons............................................................... 4,340,000 12.17 25,310 10.15
Sales representatives, services.................................................... 1,549,470 32.97 68,580 24.56
Advertising sales agents.......................................................... 145,500 27.54 57,270 22.26
Insurance sales agents............................................................ 336,740 30.48 63,400 23.15
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...................... 330,470 48.51 100,910 34.48
Travel agents..................................................................... 64,680 17.78 36,970 16.64
Sales representatives, services, all other........................................ 672,080 29.22 60,770 24.45
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................. 1,778,860 33.02 68,690 27.82
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................................ 1,778,860 33.02 68,690 27.82
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific
products.................................................................. 364,830 41.20 85,690 36.04
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and
scientific products....................................................... 1,414,030 30.91 64,300 26.07
Other sales and related workers.................................................... 722,280 20.52 42,670 13.75
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters...................................... 77,500 13.49 28,060 11.40
Demonstrators and product promoters.............................................. 73,170 13.55 28,180 11.47
Models........................................................................... 4,330 12.55 26,110 9.02
Real estate brokers and sales agents.............................................. 199,830 27.50 57,210 20.19
Real estate brokers.............................................................. 37,270 38.57 80,220 28.05
Real estate sales agents......................................................... 162,560 24.97 51,930 18.82
Sales engineers................................................................... 65,410 47.74 99,290 44.15
Telemarketers..................................................................... 245,550 12.29 25,570 10.74
Miscellaneous sales and related workers........................................... 134,000 15.94 33,160 12.21
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers......... 6,650 12.68 26,380 10.32
Sales and related workers, all other............................................. 127,350 16.11 33,510 12.41
Office and administrative support occupations 21,355,350 16.54 34,410 15.15
Supervisors of office and administrative support workers........................... 1,359,150 25.40 52,830 23.72
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers............... 1,359,150 25.40 52,830 23.72
Communications equipment operators................................................. 139,000 13.34 27,760 12.47
Switchboard operators, including answering service................................ 125,490 12.91 26,860 12.20
Telephone operators............................................................... 10,710 16.67 34,670 15.79
Communications equipment operators, all other..................................... 2,800 19.96 41,530 19.35
Financial clerks................................................................... 3,324,780 16.55 34,420 15.71
Bill and account collectors....................................................... 385,890 16.50 34,320 15.61
Billing and posting clerks........................................................ 490,850 16.61 34,540 16.08
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks...................................... 1,606,260 17.62 36,640 16.91
Gaming cage workers............................................................... 18,230 12.54 26,070 11.83
Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................................... 172,740 18.69 38,880 18.12
Procurement clerks................................................................ 69,750 18.43 38,340 18.38
Tellers........................................................................... 541,770 12.40 25,790 11.99
Financial clerks, all other....................................................... 39,290 19.03 39,580 17.72
Information and record clerks...................................................... 5,240,790 15.35 31,940 14.28
Brokerage clerks.................................................................. 61,870 21.34 44,390 20.40
Correspondence clerks............................................................. 10,150 17.75 36,920 17.38
Court, municipal, and license clerks.............................................. 122,710 17.76 36,950 16.75
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks.......................................... 51,650 17.15 35,680 16.16
Customer service representatives.................................................. 2,299,750 15.92 33,110 14.70
Eligibility interviewers, government programs..................................... 130,340 19.74 41,060 19.49
File clerks....................................................................... 158,580 13.48 28,030 12.59
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks.............................................. 229,000 10.56 21,960 9.78
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan......................................... 196,660 15.04 31,270 14.38
Library assistants, clerical...................................................... 104,030 12.35 25,680 11.27
Loan interviewers and clerks...................................................... 192,010 17.40 36,180 16.98
New accounts clerks............................................................... 55,320 15.84 32,950 15.25
Order clerks...................................................................... 208,800 15.04 31,280 14.18
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping........................ 139,200 18.43 38,340 18.03
Receptionists and information clerks.............................................. 966,150 13.00 27,050 12.49
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks.................... 135,930 16.14 33,580 15.58
Information and record clerks, all other.......................................... 178,650 18.15 37,750 17.91
Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers.............. 3,830,120 15.54 32,310 13.65
Cargo and freight agents.......................................................... 78,750 20.34 42,310 19.10
Couriers and messengers........................................................... 76,830 12.99 27,020 12.23
Dispatchers....................................................................... 280,530 18.41 38,300 17.26
Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers.......................................... 95,640 18.27 38,010 17.45
Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance.................................. 184,890 18.49 38,450 17.16
Meter readers, utilities.......................................................... 39,530 18.52 38,510 17.28
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Office and administrative support occupations (Continued)
Postal service workers............................................................ 509,030 $24.55 $51,070 $25.53
Postal service clerks............................................................ 69,310 24.26 50,460 25.53
Postal service mail carriers..................................................... 305,490 25.11 52,220 27.16
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators........ 134,230 23.44 48,750 25.52
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................................... 278,490 21.85 45,450 21.03
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................................... 690,780 14.76 30,700 13.95
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................................... 1,806,310 11.75 24,440 10.60
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping........................ 69,870 14.30 29,750 13.42
Secretaries and administrative assistants.......................................... 3,615,090 18.16 37,780 16.99
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................................... 3,615,090 18.16 37,780 16.99
Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants.................... 803,040 24.14 50,220 22.84
Legal secretaries................................................................ 216,730 21.34 44,380 20.27
Medical secretaries.............................................................. 509,640 15.71 32,670 15.07
Secretaries and administrative assistants, except legal, medical, and executive.. 2,085,680 16.13 33,560 15.58
Other office and administrative support workers.................................... 3,846,420 14.62 30,410 13.74
Computer operators................................................................ 71,560 19.10 39,720 18.46
Data entry and information processing workers..................................... 303,840 15.11 31,430 14.47
Data entry keyers................................................................ 207,280 14.05 29,220 13.47
Word processors and typists...................................................... 96,560 17.40 36,190 16.96
Desktop publishers................................................................ 15,960 18.77 39,040 17.81
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................................... 226,260 17.93 37,300 17.17
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..................... 102,410 13.53 28,140 12.93
Office clerks, general............................................................ 2,808,100 14.07 29,270 13.21
Office machine operators, except computer......................................... 66,820 14.22 29,580 13.44
Proofreaders and copy markers..................................................... 11,300 16.88 35,110 15.76
Statistical assistants............................................................ 14,870 19.72 41,010 19.15
Office and administrative support workers, all other.............................. 225,310 15.90 33,070 14.94
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 427,670 11.65 24,230 9.31
Supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.............................. 19,340 22.31 46,410 20.99
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers.................. 19,340 22.31 46,410 20.99
Agricultural workers............................................................... 365,760 10.54 21,920 9.14
Agricultural inspectors........................................................... 13,570 20.41 42,460 20.27
Animal breeders................................................................... 1,460 17.90 37,230 16.47
Graders and sorters, agricultural products........................................ 39,060 10.04 20,870 9.21
Miscellaneous agricultural workers................................................ 311,670 10.14 21,080 9.09
Agricultural equipment operators................................................. 22,820 13.17 27,390 12.43
Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse.......................... 253,670 9.61 19,990 8.98
Farmworkers, farm, ranch, and aquacultural animals............................... 29,570 11.56 24,040 10.61
Agricultural workers, all other.................................................. 5,610 14.00 29,120 12.09
Fishing and hunting workers........................................................ 610 17.98 37,410 16.35
Fishers and related fishing workers............................................... 570 17.74 36,900 16.07
Forest, conservation, and logging workers.......................................... 41,960 16.30 33,910 15.57
Forest and conservation workers................................................... 7,910 13.75 28,600 11.70
Logging workers................................................................... 34,050 16.90 35,140 16.17
Fallers.......................................................................... 5,150 19.64 40,860 16.95
Logging equipment operators...................................................... 23,240 16.41 34,130 16.05
Log graders and scalers.......................................................... 2,770 16.12 33,540 15.81
Logging workers, all other....................................................... 2,890 16.66 34,650 16.47
Construction and extraction occupations 4,978,290 21.61 44,960 19.29
Supervisors of construction and extraction workers................................. 456,640 30.40 63,230 28.70
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers.............. 456,640 30.40 63,230 28.70
Construction trades workers........................................................ 3,671,980 21.09 43,860 18.74
Boilermakers...................................................................... 17,660 26.84 55,830 27.19
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons......................................... 68,420 23.40 48,670 21.61
Brickmasons and blockmasons...................................................... 57,090 24.22 50,370 22.33
Stonemasons...................................................................... 11,330 19.29 40,120 17.96
Carpenters........................................................................ 567,820 21.41 44,520 19.20
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers.................................. 66,540 19.51 40,590 17.50
Carpet installers................................................................ 25,350 19.68 40,930 17.66
Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles................................ 9,980 18.48 38,450 17.07
Floor sanders and finishers...................................................... 4,150 17.13 35,640 15.98
Tile and marble setters.......................................................... 27,050 20.10 41,820 17.81
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers........................... 138,560 19.20 39,930 17.23
Cement masons and concrete finishers............................................. 135,200 19.17 39,870 17.19
Terrazzo workers and finishers................................................... 3,350 20.40 42,440 19.11
Construction laborers............................................................. 814,470 16.58 34,490 14.42
Construction equipment operators.................................................. 393,410 21.88 45,510 19.70
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators............................... 54,460 19.31 40,170 17.23
Pile-driver operators............................................................ 3,800 26.67 55,480 23.31
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators................... 335,160 22.24 46,270 20.13
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers........................... 91,180 20.99 43,660 18.23
Drywall and ceiling tile installers.............................................. 75,810 20.38 42,380 17.89
Tapers........................................................................... 15,370 24.01 49,940 21.77
Electricians...................................................................... 519,850 25.50 53,030 23.96
Glaziers.......................................................................... 42,350 20.24 42,090 18.08
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Construction and extraction occupations (Continued)
Insulation workers................................................................ 50,760 $19.71 $41,000 $17.28
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall..................................... 22,540 17.49 36,390 15.56
Insulation workers, mechanical................................................... 28,220 21.48 44,680 18.83
Painters and paperhangers......................................................... 187,790 18.55 38,590 16.91
Painters, construction and maintenance........................................... 184,330 18.55 38,590 16.92
Paperhangers..................................................................... 3,460 18.57 38,630 16.63
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters............................... 383,970 24.75 51,480 22.82
Pipelayers....................................................................... 43,590 19.22 39,970 17.40
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters.......................................... 340,370 25.46 52,950 23.62
Plasterers and stucco masons...................................................... 21,040 20.13 41,860 17.85
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers................................................ 15,330 24.59 51,140 22.07
Roofers........................................................................... 97,650 18.63 38,760 16.97
Sheet metal workers............................................................... 133,420 22.54 46,870 20.81
Structural iron and steel workers................................................. 57,070 24.40 50,740 22.18
Solar photovoltaic installers..................................................... 4,710 19.53 40,620 18.22
Helpers, construction trades....................................................... 210,460 13.57 28,230 12.77
Helpers, construction trades...................................................... 210,460 13.57 28,230 12.77
Helpers--brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters...... 24,310 14.95 31,100 13.57
Helpers--carpenters.............................................................. 35,870 13.09 27,230 12.29
Helpers--electricians............................................................ 59,610 13.86 28,840 13.30
Helpers--painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons................... 10,980 12.68 26,360 11.68
Helpers--pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters..................... 46,510 13.65 28,380 12.82
Helpers--roofers................................................................. 12,200 12.03 25,030 11.20
Helpers, construction trades, all other.......................................... 20,980 13.18 27,420 12.31
Other construction and related workers............................................. 382,000 20.94 43,540 19.05
Construction and building inspectors.............................................. 89,280 26.55 55,230 25.70
Elevator installers and repairers................................................. 19,700 35.64 74,140 36.85
Fence erectors.................................................................... 21,250 15.58 32,410 14.52
Hazardous materials removal workers............................................... 37,440 20.03 41,660 18.07
Highway maintenance workers....................................................... 141,180 17.43 36,240 16.95
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators............................. 16,870 22.21 46,200 22.08
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners..................................... 24,020 17.29 35,970 16.36
Miscellaneous construction and related workers.................................... 32,260 18.40 38,260 16.79
Segmental pavers................................................................. 1,490 17.18 35,740 16.21
Construction and related workers, all other...................................... 30,770 18.45 38,380 16.82
Extraction workers................................................................. 257,220 21.16 44,010 19.54
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining........... 104,230 24.02 49,960 21.43
Derrick operators, oil and gas................................................... 21,950 23.43 48,740 22.55
Rotary drill operators, oil and gas.............................................. 25,090 27.18 56,540 23.66
Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining..................................... 57,180 22.86 47,540 20.18
Earth drillers, except oil and gas................................................ 17,680 21.08 43,840 19.61
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters....................... 6,330 23.74 49,380 23.38
Mining machine operators.......................................................... 23,290 23.62 49,120 24.15
Continuous mining machine operators.............................................. 13,640 24.49 50,940 24.98
Mine cutting and channeling machine operators.................................... 6,750 22.38 46,540 23.05
Mining machine operators, all other.............................................. 2,900 22.40 46,590 22.51
Rock splitters, quarry............................................................ 4,490 16.28 33,870 15.52
Roof bolters, mining.............................................................. 6,790 26.08 54,240 26.11
Roustabouts, oil and gas.......................................................... 59,320 17.21 35,800 16.41
Helpers--extraction workers....................................................... 25,840 16.18 33,660 15.13
Extraction workers, all other..................................................... 9,250 19.09 39,710 18.66
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations 5,069,590 21.09 43,870 19.72
Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 421,650 30.07 62,540 28.97
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers.................... 421,650 30.07 62,540 28.97
Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers........... 572,810 23.21 48,280 22.38
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers.......................... 113,480 18.53 38,550 17.60
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers................... 224,000 25.57 53,180 25.86
Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers and repairers.................... 15,780 22.24 46,260 21.11
Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers.... 208,220 25.82 53,710 26.22
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and
repairers................................................................ 235,330 23.22 48,310 22.48
Avionics technicians............................................................. 16,810 26.65 55,440 26.61
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers................................ 19,020 18.50 38,470 17.42
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.... 15,530 25.41 52,850 24.63
Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment........ 66,440 25.45 52,940 25.31
Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay.......... 23,920 32.40 67,380 33.08
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles.................... 12,590 16.16 33,600 15.07
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers................. 27,050 17.76 36,940 16.86
Security and fire alarm systems installers....................................... 53,960 20.77 43,210 19.73
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers.................. 1,438,930 19.61 40,780 18.50
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians........................................ 119,160 26.78 55,690 26.55
Automotive technicians and repairers.............................................. 747,210 18.97 39,460 17.72
Automotive body and related repairers............................................ 135,610 20.12 41,840 18.45
Automotive glass installers and repairers........................................ 14,780 16.14 33,580 15.70
Automotive service technicians and mechanics..................................... 596,830 18.78 39,060 17.60
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists............................. 230,030 20.99 43,660 20.35
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics.............. 163,490 21.53 44,780 21.07
Farm equipment mechanics and service technicians................................. 34,150 17.16 35,680 16.71
Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines................................. 110,200 22.66 47,140 22.14
Rail car repairers............................................................... 19,140 22.80 47,430 23.32
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations (Continued)
Small engine mechanics............................................................ 60,690 $16.44 $34,190 $15.69
Motorboat mechanics and service technicians...................................... 18,380 17.86 37,140 17.08
Motorcycle mechanics............................................................. 14,950 16.78 34,910 15.93
Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics......................... 27,350 15.30 31,820 14.67
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers... 118,350 12.70 26,410 11.56
Bicycle repairers................................................................ 10,490 12.14 25,250 11.61
Recreational vehicle service technicians......................................... 10,970 17.36 36,120 16.61
Tire repairers and changers...................................................... 96,880 12.23 25,440 11.25
Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations............................ 2,636,210 20.00 41,600 18.63
Control and valve installers and repairers........................................ 56,060 23.17 48,180 21.90
Mechanical door repairers........................................................ 15,750 18.55 38,590 17.36
Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door............... 40,310 24.97 51,930 24.50
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers............. 240,480 22.03 45,830 20.98
Home appliance repairers.......................................................... 34,510 17.92 37,270 16.91
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers................ 430,030 22.84 47,500 22.02
Industrial machinery mechanics................................................... 301,560 23.41 48,690 22.56
Maintenance workers, machinery................................................... 88,450 20.28 42,190 19.53
Millwrights...................................................................... 38,050 24.39 50,730 23.80
Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons............................... 1,970 20.13 41,870 19.89
Line installers and repairers..................................................... 245,480 27.24 56,670 27.99
Electrical power-line installers and repairers................................... 112,450 29.94 62,280 30.41
Telecommunications line installers and repairers................................. 133,040 24.96 51,920 24.72
Precision instrument and equipment repairers...................................... 59,930 22.09 45,960 21.05
Camera and photographic equipment repairers...................................... 2,590 20.07 41,750 18.26
Medical equipment repairers...................................................... 35,740 22.55 46,910 21.43
Musical instrument repairers and tuners.......................................... 7,130 16.17 33,620 14.73
Watch repairers.................................................................. 2,670 19.03 39,570 18.10
Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other.......................... 11,800 25.42 52,880 25.13
Maintenance and repair workers, general........................................... 1,230,270 17.88 37,190 16.93
Wind turbine service technicians.................................................. 3,200 23.23 48,320 22.10
Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers....................... 336,260 16.68 34,690 14.95
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers..................... 36,080 15.72 32,700 14.98
Commercial divers................................................................ 3,480 26.32 54,750 22.54
Fabric menders, except garment................................................... 770 13.72 28,540 12.99
Locksmiths and safe repairers.................................................... 16,190 18.83 39,160 18.06
Manufactured building and mobile home installers................................. 3,310 14.50 30,160 13.50
Riggers.......................................................................... 14,690 21.44 44,590 20.51
Signal and track switch repairers................................................ 8,600 26.63 55,390 26.66
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers........................... 124,370 12.88 26,780 11.64
Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other......................... 128,770 18.95 39,410 17.60
Production occupations 8,594,170 16.59 34,500 14.87
Supervisors of production workers.................................................. 568,820 27.61 57,420 25.98
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers........................ 568,820 27.61 57,420 25.98
Assemblers and fabricators......................................................... 1,718,700 14.89 30,970 13.74
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers..................... 41,180 23.33 48,520 22.09
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers......................... 261,780 15.10 31,400 14.14
Coil winders, tapers, and finishers.............................................. 14,300 15.39 32,000 14.83
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers................................... 197,500 14.89 30,970 13.85
Electromechanical equipment assemblers........................................... 49,990 15.84 32,950 15.12
Engine and other machine assemblers............................................... 40,750 18.14 37,730 17.36
Structural metal fabricators and fitters.......................................... 78,340 17.91 37,260 17.19
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................................... 1,296,650 14.30 29,730 13.14
Fiberglass laminators and fabricators............................................ 17,580 14.40 29,960 13.86
Team assemblers.................................................................. 1,006,980 14.38 29,910 13.29
Timing device assemblers and adjusters........................................... 1,140 13.98 29,080 12.31
Assemblers and fabricators, all other............................................ 270,950 13.98 29,070 12.46
Food processing workers............................................................ 720,970 12.68 26,380 11.72
Bakers............................................................................ 157,230 12.05 25,060 11.13
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers..................... 372,060 12.61 26,230 11.74
Butchers and meat cutters........................................................ 134,210 14.42 30,000 13.70
Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers..................................... 158,480 11.39 23,690 10.98
Slaughterers and meat packers.................................................... 79,370 11.99 24,930 11.70
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................................. 191,690 13.34 27,750 12.39
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders...... 20,350 14.22 29,580 13.67
Food batchmakers................................................................. 100,520 13.63 28,340 12.77
Food cooking machine operators and tenders....................................... 33,250 13.51 28,090 12.67
Food processing workers, all other............................................... 37,570 11.96 24,880 11.12
Metal workers and plastic workers.................................................. 1,837,280 17.88 37,190 17.01
Computer control programmers and operators........................................ 162,860 18.53 38,550 17.67
Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic.................... 138,870 17.70 36,810 17.10
Computer numerically controlled machine tool programmers, metal and plastic...... 23,990 23.39 48,640 22.08
Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic................ 132,800 16.97 35,300 16.30
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. 74,490 16.37 34,060 15.54
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 22,270 16.74 34,830 16.37
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic............... 36,040 18.35 38,160 17.98
Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........... 333,520 15.86 32,980 15.13
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic.................................................................. 182,570 14.95 31,090 14.27
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic.................................................................. 20,660 17.32 36,020 16.32
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Production occupations (Continued)
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic.............................................. 69,510 $15.90 $33,070 $15.20
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 37,920 18.08 37,600 17.57
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 22,840 18.01 37,460 17.22
Machinists........................................................................ 388,370 19.65 40,860 18.99
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters............................ 31,140 18.55 38,590 17.88
Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders..................................... 20,520 19.26 40,060 18.70
Pourers and casters, metal....................................................... 10,620 17.19 35,750 16.37
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic................................. 9,830 21.86 45,470 21.32
Model makers, metal and plastic.................................................. 5,700 22.58 46,970 22.04
Patternmakers, metal and plastic................................................. 4,130 20.86 43,400 20.40
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.... 136,950 14.67 30,510 13.84
Foundry mold and coremakers...................................................... 12,510 15.19 31,600 14.68
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic............................................................. 124,440 14.62 30,400 13.77
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic.......... 85,110 16.85 35,060 16.33
Tool and die makers............................................................... 76,430 23.31 48,490 22.60
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers........................................... 379,140 18.32 38,100 17.35
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers......................................... 329,710 18.46 38,410 17.45
Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 49,430 17.33 36,060 16.69
Miscellaneous metal workers and plastic workers................................... 101,120 16.74 34,820 15.72
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....... 21,760 17.01 35,380 16.35
Layout workers, metal and plastic................................................ 12,380 20.35 42,330 20.22
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic... 34,420 15.30 31,830 14.29
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners............................................ 11,950 17.09 35,560 16.49
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other..................................... 20,620 16.48 34,280 14.93
Printing workers................................................................... 267,390 17.14 35,640 16.40
Printing workers.................................................................. 267,390 17.14 35,640 16.40
Prepress technicians and workers................................................. 41,420 18.76 39,020 17.91
Printing press operators......................................................... 173,010 17.35 36,090 16.68
Print binding and finishing workers.............................................. 52,960 15.17 31,560 14.30
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers.......................................... 575,080 11.62 24,170 10.58
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers.................................................. 198,750 10.35 21,540 9.58
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials................................. 52,850 9.97 20,730 9.46
Sewing machine operators.......................................................... 142,380 11.11 23,110 10.23
Shoe and leather workers.......................................................... 9,180 12.44 25,880 11.56
Shoe and leather workers and repairers........................................... 5,750 12.52 26,050 11.52
Shoe machine operators and tenders............................................... 3,420 12.31 25,600 11.69
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers.................................................. 30,360 13.69 28,480 12.20
Sewers, hand..................................................................... 5,500 12.21 25,390 10.97
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers.......................................... 24,870 14.02 29,170 12.64
Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders................................... 75,520 12.54 26,080 12.27
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders....................... 11,350 12.27 25,520 11.64
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders.......................... 15,620 12.24 25,460 11.56
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders............. 21,110 12.96 26,950 12.76
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders 27,440 12.50 26,010 12.43
Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers........................... 66,040 15.72 32,710 14.53
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and
glass fibers.............................................................. 17,620 15.75 32,750 15.59
Fabric and apparel patternmakers................................................. 6,500 21.53 44,790 18.58
Upholsterers..................................................................... 27,840 15.26 31,750 14.39
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other............................. 14,080 13.93 28,970 12.47
Woodworkers........................................................................ 200,680 14.49 30,140 13.67
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters................................................ 78,140 15.84 32,940 14.90
Furniture finishers............................................................... 13,740 14.38 29,900 13.70
Model makers and patternmakers, wood.............................................. 2,030 16.95 35,250 15.81
Model makers, wood............................................................... 1,270 15.26 31,740 13.85
Patternmakers, wood.............................................................. 770 19.73 41,030 19.15
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders............................... 99,830 13.40 27,870 12.85
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood............................. 38,720 13.23 27,520 12.59
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing............... 61,110 13.51 28,100 13.00
Woodworkers, all other............................................................ 6,940 14.49 30,150 13.15
Plant and system operators......................................................... 308,150 26.29 54,690 25.88
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers.............................. 60,070 32.71 68,050 32.80
Nuclear power reactor operators.................................................. 7,140 36.55 76,020 36.05
Power distributors and dispatchers............................................... 11,590 35.44 73,710 34.47
Power plant operators............................................................ 41,350 31.29 65,080 31.79
Stationary engineers and boiler operators......................................... 36,350 26.37 54,860 25.75
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators......................... 108,440 21.46 44,630 20.56
Miscellaneous plant and system operators.......................................... 103,280 27.61 57,430 27.88
Chemical plant and system operators.............................................. 38,170 26.03 54,150 26.15
Gas plant operators.............................................................. 12,380 29.37 61,090 29.39
Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers................. 41,020 29.20 60,730 29.73
Plant and system operators, all other............................................ 11,710 25.32 52,660 25.55
Other production occupations....................................................... 2,397,100 15.43 32,100 14.10
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders....................... 97,460 21.50 44,720 20.81
Chemical equipment operators and tenders......................................... 56,030 23.06 47,950 22.64
Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters,
operators, and tenders................................................... 41,430 19.39 40,340 18.55
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers....................... 177,000 16.28 33,870 15.52
Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders........ 29,320 16.03 33,340 15.31
Grinding and polishing workers, hand............................................. 30,470 14.06 29,250 13.41
Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 117,210 16.92 35,200 16.27
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Production occupations (Continued)
Cutting workers................................................................... 70,300 $15.01 $31,230 $14.43
Cutters and trimmers, hand....................................................... 13,740 12.82 26,650 11.79
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders...................... 56,560 15.55 32,340 15.11
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and
tenders................................................................... 68,080 15.81 32,880 15.05
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders...................... 20,140 17.83 37,080 17.08
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers.............................. 454,010 17.90 37,240 16.57
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers..................................... 22,060 18.67 38,840 16.99
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians............................ 78,400 17.12 35,600 15.90
Dental laboratory technicians.................................................... 36,790 18.91 39,320 17.35
Medical appliance technicians.................................................... 12,230 18.37 38,200 17.35
Ophthalmic laboratory technicians................................................ 29,380 14.35 29,850 13.74
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............................... 367,700 13.54 28,160 12.43
Painting workers.................................................................. 142,570 17.01 35,380 15.79
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders.......... 79,970 15.32 31,870 14.68
Painters, transportation equipment............................................... 46,290 20.96 43,600 19.04
Painting, coating, and decorating workers........................................ 16,310 14.07 29,270 13.36
Semiconductor processors.......................................................... 21,380 16.72 34,780 15.88
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators..................... 45,760 12.57 26,140 11.11
Miscellaneous production workers.................................................. 832,240 13.59 28,270 12.16
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders................................... 16,800 15.28 31,780 14.34
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders............ 16,050 13.59 28,280 12.60
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders............................. 8,130 14.43 30,020 13.56
Etchers and engravers............................................................ 8,610 14.53 30,230 13.65
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic.......................... 31,010 14.79 30,770 14.08
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders.............................. 95,690 17.14 35,660 16.68
Tire builders.................................................................... 17,360 18.91 39,340 19.81
Helpers--production workers...................................................... 419,840 11.84 24,620 10.96
Production workers, all other.................................................... 218,740 14.61 30,380 12.95
Transportation and material moving occupations 8,771,690 16.15 33,590 13.92
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers.......................... 372,930 24.82 51,620 23.52
Aircraft cargo handling supervisors............................................... 6,720 24.44 50,830 23.04
First-line supervisors of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand............ 168,910 22.69 47,180 21.72
First-line supervisors of transportation and material-moving machine and
vehicle operators......................................................... 197,300 26.65 55,430 25.60
Air transportation workers......................................................... 216,470 (²) 83,340 (²)
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers.............................................. 101,260 (²) 111,960 (²)
Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers................................... 66,270 (²) 128,760 (²)
Commercial pilots................................................................ 34,990 (²) 80,140 (²)
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists....................... 30,250 49.36 102,670 49.27
Air traffic controllers.......................................................... 23,260 56.94 118,430 58.91
Airfield operations specialists.................................................. 6,990 24.17 50,270 23.12
Flight attendants................................................................. 84,960 (²) 42,340 (²)
Motor vehicle operators............................................................ 3,618,180 16.87 35,090 15.77
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians............ 18,540 11.97 24,900 11.27
Bus drivers....................................................................... 652,590 15.13 31,480 14.21
Bus drivers, transit and intercity............................................... 162,840 18.50 38,470 17.59
Bus drivers, school or special client............................................ 489,750 14.01 29,150 13.50
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................................ 2,719,630 17.65 36,710 16.61
Driver/sales workers............................................................. 394,110 13.33 27,730 10.90
Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers.......................................... 1,556,510 19.40 40,360 18.37
Light truck or delivery services drivers......................................... 769,010 16.32 33,940 14.13
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs....................................................... 167,360 12.09 25,140 10.97
Motor vehicle operators, all other................................................ 60,050 15.15 31,510 12.95
Rail transportation workers........................................................ 122,720 26.10 54,280 25.44
Locomotive engineers and operators................................................ 43,810 25.61 53,260 24.45
Locomotive engineers............................................................. 37,060 26.36 54,830 25.13
Locomotive firers................................................................ 1,580 23.34 48,550 21.60
Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers.............................. 5,170 20.89 43,450 19.82
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators...................................... 24,380 24.16 50,260 24.68
Railroad conductors and yardmasters............................................... 42,740 27.30 56,770 26.30
Subway and streetcar operators.................................................... 8,750 27.99 58,220 30.16
Rail transportation workers, all other............................................ 3,040 26.41 54,930 26.48
Water transportation workers....................................................... 76,160 28.14 58,530 23.55
Sailors and marine oilers......................................................... 31,500 19.11 39,760 18.36
Ship and boat captains and operators.............................................. 33,900 33.95 70,610 30.12
Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels..................................... 30,860 35.46 73,760 31.80
Motorboat operators.............................................................. 3,040 18.54 38,560 16.92
Ship engineers.................................................................... 10,760 36.29 75,480 34.08
Other transportation workers....................................................... 329,100 13.02 27,090 10.38
Bridge and lock tenders........................................................... 3,460 20.82 43,300 22.09
Parking lot attendants............................................................ 126,520 10.35 21,540 9.39
Automotive and watercraft service attendants...................................... 108,510 10.38 21,600 9.69
Traffic technicians............................................................... 6,340 20.42 42,480 18.45
Transportation inspectors......................................................... 24,310 31.96 66,470 30.62
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants............................... 23,790 11.52 23,960 10.33
Transportation workers, all other................................................. 36,190 16.50 34,330 14.84
Material moving workers............................................................ 4,036,120 13.15 27,350 11.65
Conveyor operators and tenders.................................................... 39,540 15.08 31,360 14.24
Crane and tower operators......................................................... 43,040 24.33 50,610 22.73
Occupation Employment Mean wages Median hourly
Hourly Annual¹ wages
Transportation and material moving occupations (Continued)
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................................. 49,660 $20.32 $42,260 $18.73
Dredge operators................................................................. 1,740 20.73 43,120 17.87
Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators............................ 45,020 20.12 41,850 18.41
Loading machine operators, underground mining.................................... 2,900 23.11 48,060 23.28
Hoist and winch operators......................................................... 3,050 22.94 47,710 19.21
Industrial truck and tractor operators............................................ 496,570 15.43 32,090 14.53
Laborers and material movers, hand................................................ 3,213,370 12.17 25,310 10.95
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment............................................... 302,960 10.87 22,620 9.54
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand........................... 2,143,940 12.70 26,410 11.49
Machine feeders and offbearers................................................... 105,790 13.79 28,680 13.04
Packers and packagers, hand...................................................... 660,670 10.80 22,470 9.57
Pumping station operators......................................................... 30,570 22.85 47,520 22.23
Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators................................. 4,350 24.92 51,840 24.59
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers.......................................... 11,870 22.88 47,590 21.45
Wellhead pumpers................................................................. 14,350 22.18 46,140 21.97
Refuse and recyclable material collectors......................................... 117,670 16.94 35,230 15.83
Mine shuttle car operators........................................................ 2,990 24.67 51,310 25.05
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders................................................. 12,390 22.31 46,400 21.20
Material moving workers, all other................................................ 27,260 19.73 41,040 17.94
1 Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for
those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey
data.
2 Wages for some occupations that do not generally work year round, full time, are reported either as hourly wages or annual salaries
depending on how they are typically paid.
3 Represents a wage above $90.00 per hour.
United States Department of Labor
