For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Wednesday, August 10, 2011 USDL-11-1187
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • JoltsInfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov
Job Openings and Labor Turnover – June 2011
There were 3.1 million job openings on the last business day of June,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate
(3.1 percent) and separations rate (3.1 percent) were again little
changed over the month. This release includes estimates of the number
and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm
sector by industry and by geographic region.
Job Openings
The number of job openings in June was 3.1 million, essentially
unchanged from May. (See table 1.) Although the number of job openings
in June was 997,000 higher than in July 2009 (the series trough), it
has been relatively flat since February 2011 and remains well below
the 4.4 million openings when the recession began in December 2007.
The number of job openings in June (not seasonally adjusted) rose from
a year earlier for total nonfarm and total private. The number of job
openings increased in mining and logging, retail trade, professional
and business services, and health care and social assistance. Job
openings decreased over the year for federal government. (See table
5.) Over the year comparisons for federal government are impacted by
last year’s elevated numbers of job openings, hires, and separations
of temporary workers needed to conduct the 2010 Census.
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally
adjusted
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Job openings | Hires | Total separations
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Industry | June | May | June | June | May | June | June | May | June
| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p
-------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............|2,685 |3,034 |3,109 |3,952 |4,129 |4,051 |4,173 |4,145 |4,016
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..|2,370 |2,725 |2,794 |3,660 |3,870 |3,796 |3,620 |3,844 |3,716
Construction.....| 72 | 100 | 66 | 267 | 371 | 365 | 307 | 376 | 378
Manufacturing....| 197 | 211 | 211 | 251 | 263 | 246 | 250 | 272 | 250
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 410 | 484 | 498 | 811 | 804 | 790 | 830 | 799 | 780
Retail trade....| 266 | 276 | 325 | 551 | 557 | 542 | 565 | 562 | 531
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 468 | 615 | 664 | 792 | 902 | 841 | 724 | 892 | 800
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 486 | 594 | 584 | 497 | 480 | 479 | 467 | 450 | 461
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 313 | 298 | 334 | 639 | 629 | 696 | 617 | 652 | 661
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 68 | 34 | 50 | 126 | 111 | 108 | 106 | 123 | 102
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 245 | 264 | 284 | 513 | 517 | 588 | 510 | 528 | 559
Government(3).....| 315 | 309 | 316 | 292 | 259 | 255 | 554 | 301 | 301
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 229 | 261 | 264 | 240 | 232 | 232 | 272 | 271 | 266
|--------------------------------------------------------------
| Rates (percent)
|--------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.1
| | | | | | | | |
Total private(1)..| 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.4
Construction.....| 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 6.9
Manufacturing....| 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.1
Trade, trans- | | | | | | | | |
portation, and | | | | | | | | |
utilities(2)....| 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.1
Retail trade....| 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.7
Professional | | | | | | | | |
and business | | | | | | | | |
services........| 2.7 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 4.7
Education and | | | | | | | | |
health ser- | | | | | | | | |
vices...........| 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3
Leisure and | | | | | | | | |
hospitality.....| 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 5.0
Arts, enter- | | | | | | | | |
tainment and | | | | | | | | |
recreation.....| 3.4 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 5.4
Accommodation | | | | | | | | |
and food | | | | | | | | |
services.......| 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.9
Government(3).....| 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.4
State and local | | | | | | | | |
government......| 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and
other services, not shown separately.
2 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not
shown separately.
3 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p = Preliminary
Hires
In June, the hires rate was about unchanged at 3.1 percent for total
nonfarm. The hires rate was also essentially unchanged for all
industries and regions. (See table 2.) At 4.1 million in June, the
number of hires is up from 3.6 million in October 2009 (the series
trough) but remains below the 5.0 million hires when the recession
began in December 2007.
Over the past 12 months, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) rose
in construction, information, and accommodation and food services. The
hires rate fell in finance and insurance and in federal government
over the year. (See table 6.)
Separations
The total separations figure includes voluntary quits, involuntary
layoffs and discharges, and other separations, including retirements.
Total separations is also referred to as turnover.
The seasonally adjusted total separations rate was essentially
unchanged in June for total nonfarm (3.1 percent), total private (3.4
percent), and government (1.4 percent). (See table 3.) Over the year,
the total separations rate (not seasonally adjusted) was essentially
unchanged for total nonfarm and total private but decreased for
government. (See table 7.)
The quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or
ability to change jobs. In June, the quits rate was essentially
unchanged for total nonfarm (1.5 percent), total private (1.7
percent), and government (0.5 percent). (See table 4.) Although the
number of quits rose from 1.5 million in January 2010 (the most recent
trough) to 1.9 million in June 2011, the number remained below the 2.8
million quits when the recession began in December 2007.
The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) in June 2011 was
essentially unchanged from 12 months earlier for total nonfarm, total
private, and government. Educational services experienced an increase
in the number of quits over the year, while the finance and insurance
industry and federal government experienced a decline. In the regions,
the number of quits rose in the Midwest but was little changed in the
other three regions. (See table 8.)
The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is
seasonally adjusted only at the total nonfarm, total private, and
government levels. The layoffs and discharges rate was little changed
in June for total nonfarm, total private, and government. The number
of layoffs and discharges for total nonfarm was 1.8 million in June,
up slightly from the recent low point of 1.5 million in January 2011,
but still well below the peak of 2.5 million in February 2009. (See
table B below.)
The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) declined
over the 12 months ending in June for government. The level decreased
over the year for federal government, returning to a more typical
level after a large number of layoffs in June 2010 of temporary Census
workers. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed in
all four regions over the year. (See table 9.)
Table B. Layoffs and discharges by industry, seasonally adjusted
--------------------------------------------------------------------
| Levels (in thousands) | Rates (percent)
|------------------------------------------------
Industry | June | May | June | June | May | June
| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p
-------------------|------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 2,024 | 1,837 | 1,791 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.4
Total private.....| 1,674 | 1,724 | 1,673 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.5
Government........| 351 | 113 | 118 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------
p = Preliminary
The other separations series is not seasonally adjusted. In June,
there were 394,000 other separations for total nonfarm, 259,000 for
total private, and 135,000 for government. Compared to June 2010, the
number of other separations was little changed for total nonfarm,
total private, and government. (See table 10.)
Relative Contributions to Separations
The total separations level is influenced by the relative contribution
of its three components—quits, layoffs and discharges, and other
separations. The percentage of total separations attributable to the
individual components has varied over time at the total nonfarm level,
but for the majority of the months since the series began in December
2000, the proportion of quits has exceeded the proportion of layoffs
and discharges. Other separations is historically a very small portion
of total separations; it has rarely been above 10 percent of total
separations.
The proportions of quits and layoffs and discharges were last equal in
November 2010. Since then, the proportion of quits has trended upward,
again exceeding the proportion of layoffs and discharges. In June, the
proportion of quits for total nonfarm was 48 percent and the
proportion of layoffs and discharges was 45 percent. The proportions
were the same for total private with 48 percent quits and 45 percent
layoffs and discharges. For government, the proportions were 39
percent quits and 39 percent layoffs and discharges. (See table C
below.)
Table C. Quits and layoffs and discharges as a percentage of total separations, seasonally adjusted
(Levels in thousands)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Quits | Layoffs and discharges
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| June | May | June | June | May | June
| 2010 | 2011 | 2011p | 2010 | 2011 | 2011p
Industry | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion | |Portion
| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total| Level |of total
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total..............| 1,847 | 44% | 2,000 | 48% | 1,917 | 48% | 2,024 | 49% | 1,837 | 44% | 1,791 | 45%
Total private.....| 1,714 | 47% | 1,877 | 49% | 1,799 | 48% | 1,674 | 46% | 1,724 | 45% | 1,673 | 45%
Government........| 133 | 24% | 123 | 41% | 117 | 39% | 351 | 63% | 113 | 38% | 118 | 39%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
p = Preliminary
Net Change in Employment
Over the 12 months ending in June, not seasonally adjusted data
totaled 47.7 million hires and 46.7 million separations, yielding a
net employment gain of 1.0 million. These figures include workers who
may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
Nearly half of the hires and nearly half of the separations during
these 12 months occurred in three industries: retail trade;
professional and business services; and accommodation and food
services. The large share of total hires and separations accounted for
by these three industries reflects the size of the industries as well
as their relatively high hires and separations rates.
____________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for July 2011 are
scheduled to be released on Wednesday, September 7, 2011 at 10:00 a.m.
(EDT).
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS)
are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of business
establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
Collection
In a monthly survey of business establishments, data are
collected for total employment, job openings, hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, and other separations. Data collection methods
include computer-assisted telephone interviewing, touchtone data
entry, web, fax, e-mail, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments such
as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and
local government entities in the 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2007 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are always
introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data reported for
the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll who
worked or received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th
day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-
term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay
period, are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and
consultants are counted by their employer of record, not by the
establishment where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings information for
the last business day of the reference month. A job opening
requires that: 1) a specific position exists and there is work
available for that position, 2) work could start within 30 days
regardless of whether a suitable candidate is found, and 3) the
employer is actively recruiting from outside the establishment to
fill the position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting means that
the establishment is taking steps to fill a position by advertising
in newspapers or on the Internet, posting help-wanted signs,
accepting applications, or using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are
jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for
which employees have been hired but have not yet reported for work,
and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The job openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and multiplying
that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including both
new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the
location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or
intermittent employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations. The hires
count does not include transfers or promotions within the reporting
site, employees returning from strike, employees of temporary help
agencies or employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of terminations of
employment occurring at any time during the reference month, and
are reported by type of separation--quits, layoffs and discharges,
and other separations. Quits are voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). Layoffs and discharges are involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and include layoffs with no intent to
rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7
days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings;
firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of permanent or
short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal employees.
Other separations include retirements, transfers to other
locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations
do not include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates are
computed similarly, dividing the number by employment and
multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate estimates are
computed by dividing the annual level by the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) annual average employment level, and multiplying
that quotient by 100. This figure will be approximately equal to
the sum of the 12 monthly rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES
annual levels are rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual
estimates are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings because job
openings are a stock, or point-in-time, measurement for the last
business day of each month. Only jobs still open on the last day
of the month are counted. For the same reason job openings cannot
be cumulated throughout each month, annual figures for job openings
cannot be created by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and
separations are flow measures and are cumulated over the month with
a total reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can
be created by summing the monthly estimates.
Special collection procedures
An implied measure of employment change can be derived from the
JOLTS data by subtracting separations from hires for a given
month. Aggregating these monthly changes historically produced
employment levels that overstated employment change as measured by
CES at the total nonfarm level. Research into this problem showed
that a significant amount of the divergence between the CES
employment levels and the derived JOLTS employment levels was
traceable to the Employment Services industry and to the State
Government Education industry. In the former industry, businesses
have a difficult time reporting hires and separations of temporary
help workers. In the latter industry, employers have difficulty
reporting hires and separations of student workers. BLS now
devotes additional resources to the collection, editing, and review
of data for these industries. BLS analysts more closely examine
reported data that do not provide a consistent picture over time,
and re-contact the respondents as necessary. Analysts work with
the respondents to adjust their reporting practices as possible.
Units that cannot be reconciled but are clearly incorrect on a
consistent basis are not used, they are replaced by imputed values
using standard techniques.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a random sample of 16,000 nonfarm
business establishments, including factories, offices, and stores,
as well as federal, state, and local governments in the 50 states
and the District of Columbia. The establishments are drawn from a
universe of over 9.1 million establishments compiled as part of the
operations of the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW)
program. This program includes all employers subject to state
Unemployment Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and size class. The JOLTS sample is constructed from
individual panels of sample units drawn on an annual basis. The
full annual sample consists of one certainty panel composed of only
large units selected with virtual certainty based on their size and
24 non-certainty panels. Each month a new non-certainty panel is
rolled into collection, and the oldest non-certainty panel is
rolled out. This means that at any given time the JOLTS sample is
constructed from panels from three different annual sampling
frames. The entire sample of old plus new panels is post-
stratified and re-weighted annually to represent the most recent
sampling frame. Additionally, the out-of-business establishments
are removed from the old panels. The annual sample is supplemented
with a quarterly sample of birth establishments (i.e., new
establishments) to better reflect the impact of younger
establishments in the JOLTS sample.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked monthly to the
employment estimates of the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the
levels for all other JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as
current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an
establishment until its appearance on the sampling frame is
approximately one year. In addition, many of these new units may
fail within the first year. Since these universe units cannot be
reflected on the sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS
sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and separations from
these units during their early existence. BLS has developed a model
to estimate birth/death activity for current months by examining the
birth/death activity from previous years on the QCEW and projecting
forward to the present using an econometric technique known as X-12
ARIMA modeling. The birth/death model also uses historical JOLTS data
to estimate the amount of “churn” (hires and separations) that
exists in establishments of various sizes. The model then combines
the estimated churn with the projected employment change to
estimate the number of hires and separations taking place in these
units that cannot be measured through sampling.
The model-based estimate of total separations is distributed to
the three components–-quits; layoffs and discharges; and other
separations--in proportion to their contribution to the sample-
based estimate of total separations. Additionally, job openings
for the modeled units are estimated by computing the ratio of
openings to hires in the collected data and applying that ratio to
the modeled hires. The estimates of job openings, hires, and
separations produced by the birth/death model are then added to the
sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the X-12 ARIMA
seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal adjustment is the process of
estimating and removing periodic fluctuations caused by events such
as weather, holidays, and the beginning and ending of the school
year. Seasonal adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental
changes in the level of the series, particularly those associated
with general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal
adjustment factors are calculated each month, using all relevant
data, up to and including the data for the current month.
JOLTS uses moving averages as seasonal filters in seasonal
adjustment. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA (regression
with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal
adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the series and to
detect and adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
JOLTS hires minus separations should be comparable to the CES net
employment change. However, definitional differences as well as
sampling and non-sampling errors between the two surveys
historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS hires and
separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly Alignment Method.
The Monthly Alignment Method applies the CES employment trends to
the seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus
separations) forcing them to be approximately the same, while
preserving the seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two
series are seasonally adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS
implied employment trend and the CES net employment change is
calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment trend is adjusted to
equal the CES net employment change through a proportional
adjustment. This proportional adjustment procedure adjusts the two
components (hires, separations) proportionally to their
contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). For
example, if hires are 40 percent of the churn for a given month,
they will receive 40 percent of the needed adjustment and
separations will receive 60 percent of the needed adjustment. The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to
adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the
adjusted levels. The monthly alignment procedure assures a close
match of the JOLTS implied employment trend with the CES trend. The
CES series is considered a highly accurate measure of net
employment change owing to its very large sample size and annual
benchmarking to universe counts of employment from the QCEW
program.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and separations are
relatively new. The full sample is divided into panels, with one
panel enrolled each month. A full complement of panels for the
original data series based on the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) system was not completely enrolled in the
survey until January 2002. The supplemental panels of
establishments needed to create NAICS estimates were not completely
enrolled until May 2003. The data collected up until those points
are from less than a full sample. Therefore, estimates from
earlier months should be used with caution, as fewer sampled units
were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible underreporting.
As a result, JOLTS hires and separations estimates for months prior
to March 2002 may not be comparable to estimates for March 2002 and
later.
The federal government reorganization that involved transferring
approximately 180,000 employees to the new Department of Homeland
Security is not reflected in the JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for the federal government. The Office of Personnel
Management's record shows these transfers were completed in March
2003. The inclusion of transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires
and separations is intended to cover ongoing movements of workers
between establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion of
these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal government
time series.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample rather than the entire population is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ
from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90-
percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the
"true" population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure
to include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain
data from all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing of the
data, and errors from the employment benchmark data used in
estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 2,685 2,741 3,025 3,123 2,953 3,034 3,109 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 2,370 2,418 2,695 2,793 2,635 2,725 2,794 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.5
Construction........................... 72 60 55 68 90 100 66 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.2
Manufacturing.......................... 197 207 209 235 226 211 211 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 410 470 448 472 524 484 498 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0
Retail trade.......................... 266 263 232 254 312 276 325 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.2
Professional and business services..... 468 459 606 613 497 615 664 2.7 2.6 3.4 3.5 2.8 3.5 3.7
Education and health services.......... 486 482 553 609 550 594 584 2.4 2.4 2.7 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.8
Leisure and hospitality................ 313 301 378 340 305 298 334 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 68 39 48 41 36 34 50 3.4 2.0 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.6
Accommodation and food services....... 245 262 330 299 269 264 284 2.2 2.3 2.9 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.4
Government(6)......................... 315 323 330 331 319 309 316 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4
State and local government............. 229 259 260 274 268 261 264 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 557 492 594 675 531 586 535 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.1
South............................... 935 960 1,082 1,082 985 1,087 1,088 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.2
Midwest............................. 527 513 630 672 664 730 719 1.8 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.4
West................................ 610 573 715 752 681 719 754 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.6
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus
job openings.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah,
Washington, and Wyoming.
p = Preliminary
Table 2. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 3,952 3,769 3,986 4,067 4,001 4,129 4,051 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,660 3,494 3,729 3,807 3,733 3,870 3,796 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.5
Construction........................... 267 254 369 338 355 371 365 4.8 4.6 6.7 6.1 6.4 6.7 6.6
Manufacturing.......................... 251 246 250 269 257 263 246 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 811 783 816 803 791 804 790 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2
Retail trade.......................... 551 536 547 553 556 557 542 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7
Professional and business services..... 792 810 791 840 831 902 841 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.9 5.3 4.9
Education and health services.......... 497 437 468 470 468 480 479 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4
Leisure and hospitality................ 639 588 632 681 653 629 696 4.9 4.5 4.8 5.2 4.9 4.8 5.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 126 84 101 120 107 111 108 6.6 4.5 5.3 6.3 5.6 5.9 5.7
Accommodation and food services....... 513 504 531 560 546 517 588 4.6 4.5 4.7 5.0 4.8 4.6 5.2
Government(6)......................... 292 275 257 260 269 259 255 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2
State and local government............. 240 242 218 229 244 232 232 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 699 633 646 717 695 675 685 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7
South............................... 1,416 1,412 1,466 1,535 1,471 1,643 1,515 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.5 3.2
Midwest............................. 935 920 901 862 941 890 884 3.2 3.1 3.0 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.0
West................................ 886 939 862 851 864 826 891 3.1 3.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 3.1
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 3. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 4,173 3,612 3,825 3,805 3,833 4,145 4,016 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 3,620 3,337 3,538 3,534 3,528 3,844 3,716 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.4
Construction........................... 307 281 324 334 357 376 378 5.6 5.1 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.8 6.9
Manufacturing.......................... 250 184 234 245 241 272 250 2.2 1.6 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 830 769 800 772 725 799 780 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.1
Retail trade.......................... 565 527 549 541 511 562 531 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.9 3.7
Professional and business services..... 724 756 760 719 785 892 800 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.6 5.2 4.7
Education and health services.......... 467 394 441 429 428 450 461 2.4 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 617 596 582 650 621 652 661 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.9 4.7 4.9 5.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 106 92 86 122 109 123 102 5.5 4.9 4.6 6.4 5.7 6.6 5.4
Accommodation and food services....... 510 505 495 528 512 528 559 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.9
Government(6)......................... 554 275 287 271 304 301 301 2.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4
State and local government............. 272 245 255 247 278 271 266 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 703 569 703 649 763 757 642 2.8 2.3 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.6
South............................... 1,511 1,499 1,451 1,519 1,402 1,528 1,454 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1
Midwest............................. 919 912 830 912 947 942 921 3.1 3.1 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1
West................................ 866 817 857 872 898 974 914 3.0 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.2
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 4. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels(3) (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June June Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011p
Total................................. 1,847 1,679 1,910 1,924 1,887 2,000 1,917 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)........................ 1,714 1,572 1,793 1,820 1,771 1,877 1,799 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7
Construction........................... 66 56 62 72 91 92 81 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.5
Manufacturing.......................... 99 83 94 115 105 109 106 .9 .7 .8 1.0 .9 .9 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5) 411 338 442 443 410 463 445 1.7 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.8
Retail trade.......................... 307 240 317 342 315 351 346 2.1 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.4
Professional and business services..... 332 361 396 357 360 372 332 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9
Education and health services.......... 249 206 241 251 239 253 267 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3
Leisure and hospitality................ 347 352 353 382 386 388 393 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.9 3.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation... 26 28 37 46 42 45 42 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.2
Accommodation and food services....... 321 324 317 337 344 343 351 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1
Government(6)......................... 133 107 117 104 117 123 117 .6 .5 .5 .5 .5 .6 .5
State and local government............. 105 100 108 97 108 114 107 .5 .5 .6 .5 .6 .6 .6
REGION(7)
Northeast........................... 300 214 335 293 266 330 287 1.2 .9 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.1
South............................... 740 656 779 779 741 816 757 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6
Midwest............................. 417 368 455 437 456 484 476 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6
West................................ 397 366 447 455 400 460 417 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.4
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown.
4 Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5 Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6 Includes federal government, not shown separately.
7 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 5. Job openings levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 2,647 3,076 3,109 2.0 2.3 2.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 2,322 2,769 2,777 2.1 2.5 2.5
Mining and Logging............................ 15 22 23 2.1 2.7 2.8
Construction.................................. 76 116 69 1.3 2.0 1.2
Manufacturing................................. 205 221 220 1.7 1.9 1.8
Durable goods................................ 140 151 164 1.9 2.0 2.2
Nondurable goods............................. 65 70 56 1.4 1.6 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 415 490 519 1.7 1.9 2.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 80 93 85 1.4 1.7 1.5
Retail trade................................. 261 272 341 1.8 1.8 2.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 74 124 93 1.5 2.5 1.9
Information................................... 56 98 82 2.0 3.5 3.0
Financial activities.......................... 214 183 198 2.7 2.3 2.5
Finance and insurance........................ 176 134 153 3.0 2.3 2.6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 37 48 45 1.9 2.4 2.2
Professional and business services............ 439 612 632 2.6 3.4 3.5
Education and health services................. 462 594 556 2.3 2.9 2.7
Educational services......................... 50 52 56 1.7 1.6 1.8
Health care and social assistance............ 412 542 500 2.5 3.1 2.9
Leisure and hospitality....................... 313 319 348 2.3 2.3 2.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 66 42 52 2.9 2.1 2.3
Accommodation and food services............. 248 277 296 2.1 2.4 2.5
Other services................................ 126 115 130 2.3 2.1 2.3
Government..................................... 326 307 332 1.4 1.3 1.5
Federal....................................... 73 45 42 2.2 1.6 1.5
State and local............................... 252 262 290 1.3 1.3 1.5
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 586 567 549 2.3 2.2 2.1
South......................................... 922 1,083 1,080 1.9 2.2 2.2
Midwest....................................... 523 717 712 1.7 2.3 2.3
West.......................................... 615 709 768 2.1 2.4 2.6
1 Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
2 The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a
percent of total employment plus job openings.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 6. Hires levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 4,658 4,625 4,812 3.6 3.5 3.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 4,282 4,356 4,466 4.0 4.0 4.1
Mining and Logging............................ 27 32 36 3.8 4.1 4.5
Construction.................................. 321 461 448 5.6 8.3 7.8
Manufacturing................................. 291 303 279 2.5 2.6 2.4
Durable goods................................ 171 180 172 2.4 2.5 2.3
Nondurable goods............................. 120 123 108 2.7 2.8 2.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 842 867 831 3.4 3.5 3.3
Wholesale trade.............................. 118 144 118 2.2 2.6 2.1
Retail trade................................. 571 601 566 4.0 4.2 3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 153 122 147 3.2 2.5 3.0
Information................................... 53 61 75 2.0 2.3 2.8
Financial activities.......................... 222 178 188 2.9 2.3 2.5
Finance and insurance........................ 146 112 107 2.6 2.0 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 76 66 81 3.9 3.4 4.1
Professional and business services............ 867 987 905 5.2 5.8 5.2
Education and health services................. 595 458 586 3.1 2.3 3.0
Educational services......................... 88 38 68 3.0 1.2 2.3
Health care and social assistance............ 508 420 518 3.1 2.5 3.1
Leisure and hospitality....................... 806 802 892 5.9 6.0 6.5
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 201 165 179 9.3 8.4 8.3
Accommodation and food services............. 606 637 713 5.3 5.6 6.1
Other services................................ 255 208 226 4.7 3.8 4.1
Government..................................... 377 270 346 1.7 1.2 1.6
Federal....................................... 62 34 28 1.9 1.2 1.0
State and local............................... 315 236 318 1.6 1.2 1.7
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 886 793 910 3.6 3.2 3.6
South......................................... 1,611 1,764 1,718 3.4 3.7 3.6
Midwest....................................... 1,127 1,108 1,092 3.8 3.7 3.6
West.......................................... 1,035 960 1,093 3.6 3.3 3.8
1 Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2 The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 7. Total separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 4,301 3,944 4,205 3.3 3.0 3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 3,547 3,603 3,705 3.3 3.3 3.4
Mining and Logging............................ 15 16 20 2.1 2.1 2.5
Construction.................................. 256 322 321 4.5 5.8 5.6
Manufacturing................................. 226 246 228 1.9 2.1 1.9
Durable goods................................ 121 133 127 1.7 1.8 1.7
Nondurable goods............................. 105 113 101 2.3 2.6 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 783 766 754 3.2 3.1 3.0
Wholesale trade.............................. 104 129 110 1.9 2.3 2.0
Retail trade................................. 538 544 514 3.7 3.8 3.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 141 92 129 3.0 1.9 2.7
Information................................... 52 58 58 1.9 2.1 2.1
Financial activities.......................... 176 127 153 2.3 1.7 2.0
Finance and insurance........................ 127 91 101 2.2 1.6 1.8
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 49 37 52 2.5 1.9 2.6
Professional and business services............ 704 833 783 4.2 4.9 4.5
Education and health services................. 554 439 569 2.9 2.2 2.9
Educational services......................... 110 77 133 3.7 2.4 4.5
Health care and social assistance............ 444 362 435 2.7 2.2 2.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 604 624 667 4.4 4.6 4.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 84 107 80 3.9 5.5 3.7
Accommodation and food services............. 520 516 587 4.6 4.5 5.0
Other services................................ 177 174 155 3.3 3.2 2.8
Government..................................... 753 341 500 3.3 1.5 2.3
Federal....................................... 279 27 35 8.7 .9 1.2
State and local............................... 474 314 465 2.4 1.6 2.4
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 800 638 700 3.2 2.5 2.8
South......................................... 1,612 1,509 1,547 3.4 3.2 3.2
Midwest....................................... 969 854 976 3.3 2.9 3.3
West.......................................... 919 943 982 3.2 3.3 3.4
1 Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2 The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 8. Quits levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 2,006 2,068 2,100 1.5 1.6 1.6
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,823 1,922 1,929 1.7 1.8 1.8
Mining and Logging............................ 8 9 12 1.1 1.2 1.5
Construction.................................. 72 94 89 1.3 1.7 1.5
Manufacturing................................. 103 111 111 .9 1.0 .9
Durable goods................................ 57 59 58 .8 .8 .8
Nondurable goods............................. 46 53 53 1.0 1.2 1.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 410 480 454 1.7 1.9 1.8
Wholesale trade.............................. 50 54 35 .9 1.0 .6
Retail trade................................. 303 374 349 2.1 2.6 2.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 58 52 70 1.2 1.1 1.4
Information................................... 26 33 33 .9 1.2 1.2
Financial activities.......................... 111 75 81 1.4 1.0 1.1
Finance and insurance........................ 79 52 52 1.4 .9 .9
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 32 23 29 1.6 1.2 1.4
Professional and business services............ 361 386 350 2.1 2.2 2.0
Education and health services................. 277 247 315 1.4 1.2 1.6
Educational services......................... 34 32 49 1.1 1.0 1.7
Health care and social assistance............ 243 215 266 1.5 1.3 1.6
Leisure and hospitality....................... 361 395 415 2.7 2.9 3.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 27 46 41 1.2 2.4 1.9
Accommodation and food services............. 334 349 374 2.9 3.0 3.2
Other services................................ 97 92 70 1.8 1.7 1.3
Government..................................... 182 146 170 .8 .6 .8
Federal....................................... 29 9 12 .9 .3 .4
State and local............................... 154 137 158 .8 .7 .8
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 334 299 318 1.3 1.2 1.3
South......................................... 781 837 797 1.6 1.8 1.7
Midwest....................................... 439 457 512 1.5 1.5 1.7
West.......................................... 452 475 472 1.6 1.6 1.6
1 Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2 The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 1,920 1,566 1,712 1.5 1.2 1.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 1,476 1,438 1,517 1.4 1.3 1.4
Mining and Logging............................ 4 5 6 .6 .7 .8
Construction.................................. 175 224 221 3.1 4.0 3.9
Manufacturing................................. 105 112 95 .9 1.0 .8
Durable goods................................ 50 60 54 .7 .8 .7
Nondurable goods............................. 55 52 41 1.2 1.2 .9
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 316 203 230 1.3 .8 .9
Wholesale trade.............................. 52 65 62 .9 1.2 1.1
Retail trade................................. 199 114 126 1.4 .8 .9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 65 25 42 1.4 .5 .9
Information................................... 20 22 21 .7 .8 .8
Financial activities.......................... 41 31 50 .5 .4 .7
Finance and insurance........................ 24 22 32 .4 .4 .6
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 16 9 18 .8 .5 .9
Professional and business services............ 293 403 398 1.7 2.3 2.3
Education and health services................. 235 154 211 1.2 .8 1.1
Educational services......................... 71 37 74 2.4 1.1 2.5
Health care and social assistance............ 164 117 136 1.0 .7 .8
Leisure and hospitality....................... 223 208 227 1.6 1.6 1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 55 58 37 2.5 3.0 1.7
Accommodation and food services............. 169 150 190 1.5 1.3 1.6
Other services................................ 63 75 59 1.2 1.4 1.1
Government..................................... 443 128 195 2.0 .6 .9
Federal....................................... 241 8 10 7.5 .3 .4
State and local............................... 203 120 184 1.0 .6 1.0
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 382 286 319 1.5 1.1 1.3
South......................................... 712 573 606 1.5 1.2 1.3
Midwest....................................... 439 324 366 1.5 1.1 1.2
West.......................................... 386 382 420 1.3 1.3 1.4
1 Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
2 The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a
percent of total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
p = Preliminary
Table 10. Other separations levels(1) and rates(2) by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands) Rates
Industry and region June May June June May June
2010 2011 2011p 2010 2011 2011p
Total........................................... 375 311 394 0.3 0.2 0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private.................................. 247 243 259 .2 .2 .2
Mining and Logging............................ 3 1 2 .4 .2 .2
Construction.................................. 9 4 11 .2 .1 .2
Manufacturing................................. 18 23 23 .2 .2 .2
Durable goods................................ 14 15 15 .2 .2 .2
Nondurable goods............................. 4 8 8 .1 .2 .2
Trade, transportation, and utilities.......... 57 82 70 .2 .3 .3
Wholesale trade.............................. 2 11 13 (4) .2 .2
Retail trade................................. 37 56 40 .3 .4 .3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities... 18 16 17 .4 .3 .3
Information................................... 6 3 4 .2 .1 .1
Financial activities.......................... 25 22 22 .3 .3 .3
Finance and insurance........................ 23 16 17 .4 .3 .3
Real estate and rental and leasing........... 1 5 5 .1 .3 .3
Professional and business services............ 50 44 35 .3 .3 .2
Education and health services................. 42 37 43 .2 .2 .2
Educational services......................... 5 8 10 .2 .3 .3
Health care and social assistance............ 37 29 33 .2 .2 .2
Leisure and hospitality....................... 20 20 24 .1 .2 .2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.......... 3 3 2 .1 .1 .1
Accommodation and food services............. 17 18 22 .2 .2 .2
Other services................................ 17 6 26 .3 .1 .5
Government..................................... 127 68 135 .6 .3 .6
Federal....................................... 10 11 12 .3 .4 .4
State and local............................... 117 57 123 .6 .3 .6
REGION (3)
Northeast..................................... 84 52 63 .3 .2 .2
South......................................... 119 100 144 .3 .2 .3
Midwest....................................... 91 73 98 .3 .2 .3
West.......................................... 81 86 89 .3 .3 .3
1 Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
2 The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of
total employment.
3 See footnote 7, table 1.
4 Data round to zero.
p = Preliminary
United States Department of Labor
