For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 11, 2013	USDL-13-1139

Technical information:	(202) 691-5870  •  JoltsInfo@bls.gov  •  www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:	        (202) 691-5902  •  PressOffice@bls.gov


                    JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2013

There were 3.8 million job openings on the last business day of April, little changed from 3.9 million in 
March, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. The hires rate (3.3 percent) and separations 
rate (3.2 percent) also were little changed in April. This release includes estimates of the number and rate 
of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by geographic region.

Job Openings

The number of job openings in April was 3.8 million, little changed from March. (See table 1.) In April, 
the number of job openings was little changed in all industries and regions.

The number of job openings in April (not seasonally adjusted) increased over the year for total nonfarm 
and government and was little changed for total private. Job openings increased over the year for several 
industries and state and local government. Job openings decreased over the year for information; arts, 
entertainment, and recreation; and federal government. Job openings were up over the year for the West 
and little changed in the other regions. (See table 7.)

Hires

In April, the hires rate was little changed at 3.3 percent. The hires rate was little changed in all industries 
and regions over the month. (See table 2.) 

Over the 12 months ending in April, the hires rate (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total 
nonfarm, total private, and government. The hires rate also was little changed for all industries and all 
four regions over the year. (See table 8.)

Separations

Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations also is 
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, 
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and 
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations include separations 
due to retirement, death, and disability, as well as transfers to other locations of the same firm.

In April, the quits rate was little changed at 1.7 percent. The quits rate was up for total private and little 
changed for government. The quits rate increased for professional and business services. The quits rate 
was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)

The number of quits (not seasonally adjusted) was up over the 12 months ending in April for total 
nonfarm and total private but was little changed for government. The quits level increased for 
professional and business services and for the Midwest and South. (See table 10.)

The layoffs and discharges component of total separations is seasonally adjusted at the total nonfarm, 
total private, and government levels and for the four regions. The layoffs and discharges rate was 
unchanged in April at 1.2 percent. The rate also was unchanged for total private and government and 
little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)

The layoffs and discharges level (not seasonally adjusted) was little changed for total nonfarm, total 
private, and government over the 12 months ending in April. Over the year, the number of layoffs and 
discharges fell in other services and rose in federal government. The number of layoffs and discharges 
was little changed in all four regions. (See table 11.)

In April, there were 375,000 other separations for total nonfarm, little changed from the previous month. 
The number of other separations for total private and government was little changed. (See table 6.) Over 
the 12 months ending in April, the number of other separations rose for total nonfarm and total private 
and was little changed for government. (See table 12.)

Net Change in Employment

Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net 
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of 
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining. 
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even 
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in April 2013, hires totaled 52.0 million 
and separations totaled 50.2 million, yielding a net employment gain of 1.8 million. These figures include 
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.

____________	
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for May 2013 are scheduled to be released 
on Tuesday, July 9, 2013 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
|                 Changes to Job Openings and Labor Turnover News Release Tables                 |
|                                                                                                |
|Effective with this release, the format of the tables in the JOLTS release have changed slightly| 
|and Table A has been moved to the end of the text. The content of the tables remains the same.  |
|________________________________________________________________________________________________|

Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted

Category	Job openings			Hires			Total separations
	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY (in thousands)
Total	3,523	3,875	3,757	4,252	4,227	4,425	4,122	4,123	4,279
Total private(1)	3,163	3,473	3,355	3,962	3,931	4,133	3,813	3,819	3,973
Construction	67	108	108	262	320	285	277	316	300
Manufacturing	254	271	245	252	201	224	238	203	218
Trade, transportation, and utilities(2)	552	669	711	862	821	898	827	820	867
Retail trade	321	424	449	575	562	628	557	557	615
Professional and business services	668	692	692	859	831	937	806	780	869
Education and health services(3)	674	687	652	485	520	541	459	482	531
Health care and social assistance	620	621	590	416	443	463	394	416	456
Leisure and hospitality	452	500	465	766	776	797	730	738	738
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	77	64	56	143	123	120	152	108	115
Accommodation and food services	375	436	408	623	653	678	578	631	624
Government(4)	360	402	402	290	295	292	309	304	305
State and local	283	344	341	256	264	257	276	260	261
RATES BY INDUSTRY (percent)
Total	2.6	2.8	2.7	3.2	3.1	3.3	3.1	3.0	3.2
Total private(1)	2.8	3.0	2.9	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.5
Construction	1.2	1.8	1.8	4.7	5.5	4.9	4.9	5.4	5.2
Manufacturing	2.1	2.2	2.0	2.1	1.7	1.9	2.0	1.7	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(2)	2.1	2.5	2.7	3.4	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.2	3.4
Retail trade	2.1	2.7	2.9	3.9	3.7	4.2	3.8	3.7	4.1
Professional and business services	3.6	3.6	3.6	4.8	4.5	5.1	4.5	4.2	4.7
Education and health services(3)	3.2	3.2	3.1	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.3	2.3	2.6
Health care and social assistance	3.5	3.5	3.3	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.3	2.4	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	3.2	3.4	3.2	5.6	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.3	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	3.8	3.1	2.7	7.3	6.1	6.0	7.7	5.4	5.7
Accommodation and food services	3.1	3.5	3.3	5.3	5.4	5.6	4.9	5.2	5.2
Government(4)	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4
State and local	1.5	1.8	1.8	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4
Footnotes (1) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (2) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (3) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (4) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (p) Preliminary

Technical Note


This news release presents statistics from the Job Openings and Labor
Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects
and compiles JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS concepts and
methodology is available online at www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.

Coverage and collection

The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well
as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia. Data are collected for total employment, job
openings, hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and
total separations.

Concepts

Industry classification.  The industry classifications in this release
are in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS).

Employment.  Employment includes persons on the payroll who worked or
received pay for the pay period that includes the 12th day of the
reference month. Full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term,
seasonal, salaried, and hourly employees are included, as are
employees on paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or
partners of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire pay period,
are not counted as employed. Employees of temporary help agencies,
employee leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment where
they are working.

Job openings.  Job openings information is collected for the last
business day of the reference month. A job opening requires that: 1) a
specific position exists and there is work available for that
position, 2) work could start within 30 days whether or not the
employer found a suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the position.
Included are full-time, part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal
openings. Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking
steps to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the
Internet, posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.

Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions, demotions,
or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded are jobs with start
dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs for which employees have
been hired but have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled
by employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, or consultants. The job openings rate is computed
by dividing the number of job openings by the sum of employment and
job openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.

Hires.  The hires level is the total number of additions to the
payroll occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time, permanent,
short-term and seasonal employees, employees recalled to the location
after a layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been formally separated,
and transfers from other locations. The hires count does not include
transfers or promotions within the reporting site, employees returning
from strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The hires rate is
computed by dividing the number of hires by employment and multiplying
that quotient by 100.

Separations.  The separations level is the total number of employment
terminations occurring at any time during the reference month, and is
reported by type of separation—quits, layoffs and discharges, and
other separations. (Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary separations by
employees (except for retirements, which are reported as other
separations). The layoffs and discharges count is comprised of
involuntary separations initiated by the employer and includes layoffs
with no intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers, downsizing, or
closings; firings or other discharges for cause; terminations of
permanent or short-term employees; and terminations of seasonal
employees. The other separations count includes retirements, transfers
to other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability. The
separations count does not include transfers within the same location
or employees on strike. The separations rate is computed by dividing
the number of separations by employment and multiplying that quotient
by 100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.

Annual estimates.  Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs and
discharges, other separations, and total separations are the sum of
the 12 published monthly levels. Annual rates are computed by dividing
the annual level by the Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual
average employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly rates.
Consistent with BLS practice, annual estimates are published only for
not seasonally adjusted data and are released with the January news
release each year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job
openings because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.

Sample and estimation methodology

The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of 16,400
nonfarm business and government establishments. The sample is
stratified by ownership, region, industry sector, and establishment
size class. The establishments are drawn from a universe of over 9.1
million establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of Employment
and Wages (QCEW) program which includes all employers subject to state
unemployment insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program.

JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or ratio adjusted,
monthly to the strike-adjusted employment estimates of the CES survey.
A ratio of CES to JOLTS employment is used to adjust the levels for
all other JOLTS data elements.

JOLTS business birth/death model

As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only be as current as
its sampling frame. The time lag from the birth of an establishment
until its appearance on the sampling frame is approximately one year.
In addition, many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the sampling frame
immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot capture job openings, hires, and
separations from these units during their early existence. To
compensate for the inability to capture data from these
establishments, BLS has developed a birth/death model that uses birth
and death activity from previous years. The estimates of job openings,
hires, and separations produced by the birth/death model are added to
the sample-based estimates produced from the survey to arrive at the
estimates for openings, hires, and separations.

Seasonal adjustment

BLS uses X-12 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several JOLTS series
utilizing moving averages as seasonal filters. A concurrent seasonal
adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal adjustment
factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment includes both
additive and multiplicative models and REGARIMA (regression with auto-
correlated errors) modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors
at the beginning and end of the series and to detect and adjust for
outliers in the series.

Alignment procedure

The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be used to derive a
measure of net employment change. This change should be comparable to
the net employment change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and nonsampling errors
between the two surveys historically caused JOLTS to diverge from CES
over time. To limit the divergence, and improve the quality of the
JOLTS hires and separations series, BLS implemented the Monthly
Alignment Method.

This method applies the CES employment trends to the seasonally
adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend (hires minus separations)
forcing them to be approximately the same, while preserving the
seasonality of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied employment
change and the CES net employment change is calculated. Next, the
JOLTS implied employment change is adjusted to equal the CES net
employment change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations) proportionally to
their contribution to the total churn (hires plus separations). The
adjusted hires and separations are converted back to not seasonally
adjusted data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been used to adjust
the level estimates, rate estimates are computed from the adjusted
levels.

Reliability of the estimates

JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample is surveyed rather than the entire population, there is
a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true"
population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling
error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. BLS
analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling
error. Estimates of sampling errors are available upon request.

The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
include a segment of the population, the inability to obtain data from
all units in the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents,
errors made in the collection or processing of the data, and errors
from the employment benchmark data used in estimation.

Other information

Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	3,523	3,612	3,611	3,899	3,875	3,757	2.6	2.6	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.7
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	3,163	3,235	3,194	3,478	3,473	3,355	2.8	2.8	2.7	3.0	3.0	2.9
Construction	67	95	104	116	108	108	1.2	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.8	1.8
Manufacturing	254	242	253	274	271	245	2.1	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	552	704	645	644	669	711	2.1	2.7	2.4	2.4	2.5	2.7
Retail trade	321	436	390	396	424	449	2.1	2.8	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.9
Professional and business services	668	575	690	709	692	692	3.6	3.1	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6
Education and health services(6)	674	670	579	672	687	652	3.2	3.2	2.7	3.2	3.2	3.1
Health care and social assistance	620	602	524	612	621	590	3.5	3.4	3.0	3.4	3.5	3.3
Leisure and hospitality	452	453	453	488	500	465	3.2	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	77	59	52	52	64	56	3.8	2.9	2.6	2.5	3.1	2.7
Accommodation and food services	375	394	401	437	436	408	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.5	3.5	3.3
Government(7)	360	377	417	421	402	402	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.8
State and local	283	313	340	357	344	341	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
REGION(8)
Northeast	681	661	668	700	699	643	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.7	2.6	2.4
South	1,405	1,364	1,441	1,547	1,501	1,466	2.8	2.7	2.9	3.1	3.0	2.9
Midwest	704	838	723	831	825	781	2.3	2.7	2.3	2.6	2.6	2.5
West	733	749	778	821	850	867	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.8
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	4,252	4,195	4,298	4,451	4,227	4,425	3.2	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	3,962	3,915	4,015	4,138	3,931	4,133	3.6	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.5	3.6
Construction	262	280	326	353	320	285	4.7	4.9	5.7	6.1	5.5	4.9
Manufacturing	252	236	219	231	201	224	2.1	2.0	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	862	890	868	936	821	898	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.5
Retail trade	575	600	586	651	562	628	3.9	4.0	3.9	4.3	3.7	4.2
Professional and business services	859	798	878	845	831	937	4.8	4.4	4.8	4.6	4.5	5.1
Education and health services(6)	485	506	507	499	520	541	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.6
Health care and social assistance	416	431	443	437	443	463	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.6	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	766	759	747	762	776	797	5.6	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.7
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	143	130	104	116	123	120	7.3	6.5	5.2	5.8	6.1	6.0
Accommodation and food services	623	629	643	646	653	678	5.3	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.4	5.6
Government(7)	290	280	283	313	295	292	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3
State and local	256	246	249	266	264	257	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3
REGION(8)
Northeast	676	687	675	716	722	751	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.8	2.9
South	1,677	1,660	1,787	1,843	1,640	1,782	3.5	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.3	3.6
Midwest	940	924	906	848	907	931	3.1	3.0	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0
West	958	924	930	1,044	959	962	3.3	3.1	3.1	3.5	3.2	3.2
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	4,122	4,062	4,173	4,180	4,123	4,279	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	3,813	3,772	3,872	3,884	3,819	3,973	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.5
Construction	277	263	315	322	316	300	4.9	4.6	5.5	5.6	5.4	5.2
Manufacturing	238	231	215	225	203	218	2.0	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.7	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	827	840	854	863	820	867	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.4
Retail trade	557	595	580	583	557	615	3.8	4.0	3.9	3.9	3.7	4.1
Professional and business services	806	813	845	770	780	869	4.5	4.5	4.7	4.2	4.2	4.7
Education and health services(6)	459	468	486	482	482	531	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.3	2.3	2.6
Health care and social assistance	394	402	417	413	416	456	2.3	2.3	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	730	729	715	730	738	738	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	152	125	101	103	108	115	7.7	6.3	5.1	5.2	5.4	5.7
Accommodation and food services	578	604	614	627	631	624	4.9	5.1	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.2
Government(7)	309	290	302	296	304	305	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.4
State and local	276	251	259	251	260	261	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4
REGION(8)
Northeast	686	663	724	682	711	694	2.7	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.7
South	1,581	1,609	1,587	1,712	1,599	1,670	3.3	3.3	3.2	3.5	3.3	3.4
Midwest	961	894	849	874	880	932	3.2	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.9	3.0
West	894	895	1,013	911	933	983	3.1	3.0	3.4	3.1	3.1	3.3
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	2,080	2,126	2,260	2,286	2,099	2,251	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.7
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	1,940	1,999	2,128	2,159	1,967	2,104	1.7	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.9
Construction	75	68	134	106	91	95	1.3	1.2	2.3	1.8	1.6	1.6
Manufacturing	114	116	98	102	94	106	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	455	452	491	501	446	483	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.7	1.9
Retail trade	332	328	362	354	318	350	2.2	2.2	2.4	2.4	2.1	2.3
Professional and business services	383	413	375	385	372	465	2.1	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.5
Education and health services(6)	258	273	299	289	281	286	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.4
Health care and social assistance	229	248	264	255	255	251	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Leisure and hospitality	433	451	472	491	445	443	3.2	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	43	38	47	54	47	42	2.2	1.9	2.4	2.7	2.3	2.1
Accommodation and food services	390	413	426	437	397	401	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.3	3.3
Government(7)	141	127	132	127	131	146	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7
State and local	129	115	121	116	120	134	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.7
REGION(8)
Northeast	299	315	352	311	288	309	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.2
South	865	892	908	1,034	894	947	1.8	1.8	1.9	2.1	1.8	1.9
Midwest	474	454	479	469	473	534	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.5	1.7
West	442	465	522	472	444	461	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.6
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	1,752	1,569	1,520	1,572	1,686	1,653	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.2	1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	1,644	1,479	1,430	1,467	1,572	1,554	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.4
Construction	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Manufacturing	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Retail trade	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Professional and business services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Education and health services(6)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Health care and social assistance	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Leisure and hospitality	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Accommodation and food services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Government(7)	108	89	90	104	114	99	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5
State and local	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
REGION(8)
Northeast	335	284	284	300	358	319	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.2
South	630	557	532	561	584	594	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.2
Midwest	409	357	298	334	329	311	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.0
West	378	370	406	376	415	429	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
- Data not available.

Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)(2)						Rates(3)
	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Dec. 2012	Jan. 2013	Feb. 2013	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	289	367	393	323	338	375	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private(4)	229	293	314	258	280	315	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.2	0.3
Construction	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Manufacturing	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Trade, transportation, and utilities(5)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Retail trade	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Professional and business services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Education and health services(6)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Health care and social assistance	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Leisure and hospitality	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Accommodation and food services	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Government(7)	60	74	79	66	58	60	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3
State and local	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
REGION(8)
Northeast	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
South	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Midwest	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
West	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series and because not all series are shown. (3) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (4) Includes mining and logging, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately. (5) Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately. (6) Includes educational services, not shown separately. (7) Includes federal government, not shown separately. (8) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
- Data not available.

Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	3,831	3,912	4,076	2.8	2.8	2.9
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,462	3,513	3,663	3.0	3.0	3.1
Mining and logging	16	14	24	1.9	1.6	2.7
Construction	86	109	139	1.6	2.0	2.4
Manufacturing	268	281	255	2.2	2.3	2.1
Durable goods	165	198	168	2.2	2.6	2.2
Nondurable goods	103	83	86	2.3	1.9	1.9
Trade, transportation, and utilities	576	644	752	2.2	2.5	2.8
Wholesale trade	136	134	134	2.3	2.3	2.3
Retail trade	334	396	476	2.2	2.6	3.1
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	107	115	141	2.1	2.3	2.8
Information	111	88	75	4.0	3.2	2.7
Financial activities	242	273	300	3.0	3.4	3.7
Finance and insurance	195	228	241	3.2	3.7	3.9
Real estate and rental and leasing	47	45	59	2.4	2.2	2.9
Professional and business services	692	689	721	3.7	3.7	3.8
Education and health services	712	695	689	3.4	3.2	3.2
Educational services	62	64	69	1.7	1.8	1.9
Health care and social assistance	650	631	620	3.7	3.5	3.5
Leisure and hospitality	554	553	565	3.9	3.9	3.9
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	97	67	73	4.8	3.5	3.6
Accommodation and food services	457	486	492	3.8	4.0	3.9
Other services	204	166	146	3.6	3.0	2.6
Government	369	398	412	1.6	1.8	1.8
Federal	82	65	64	2.8	2.3	2.3
State and local	286	334	348	1.4	1.7	1.8
REGION(3)
Northeast	746	697	698	2.9	2.7	2.6
South	1,509	1,531	1,574	3.0	3.0	3.1
Midwest	790	851	866	2.5	2.7	2.7
West	785	833	938	2.6	2.7	3.1
Footnotes (1) Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month. (2) The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	4,554	3,991	4,773	3.4	3.0	3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private	4,347	3,780	4,556	3.9	3.4	4.0
Mining and logging	35	32	33	4.1	3.7	3.8
Construction	351	343	366	6.4	6.2	6.5
Manufacturing	268	201	240	2.3	1.7	2.0
Durable goods	168	125	160	2.3	1.7	2.1
Nondurable goods	99	76	80	2.3	1.7	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	906	779	947	3.6	3.1	3.7
Wholesale trade	153	115	138	2.7	2.0	2.4
Retail trade	599	540	666	4.1	3.6	4.5
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	154	124	143	3.2	2.5	2.9
Information	60	40	69	2.3	1.5	2.6
Financial activities	186	156	200	2.4	2.0	2.5
Finance and insurance	119	102	141	2.0	1.7	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	67	54	59	3.5	2.8	3.0
Professional and business services	953	786	1,049	5.4	4.3	5.7
Education and health services	456	453	523	2.2	2.2	2.5
Educational services	44	50	52	1.3	1.4	1.5
Health care and social assistance	412	403	470	2.4	2.3	2.7
Leisure and hospitality	901	809	950	6.6	5.9	6.8
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	189	128	161	9.9	6.9	8.2
Accommodation and food services	712	680	789	6.1	5.8	6.6
Other services	230	182	179	4.3	3.4	3.3
Government	208	211	217	0.9	0.9	1.0
Federal	29	28	31	1.0	1.0	1.1
State and local	179	183	186	0.9	0.9	1.0
REGION(3)
Northeast	716	665	807	2.8	2.6	3.1
South	1,805	1,580	1,924	3.7	3.2	3.9
Midwest	1,047	870	1,054	3.5	2.8	3.4
West	987	877	989	3.4	3.0	3.3
Footnotes (1) Hires are the number of hires during the entire month. (2) The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	3,994	3,506	4,161	3.0	2.6	3.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	3,782	3,306	3,943	3.4	2.9	3.5
Mining and logging	31	30	31	3.6	3.5	3.6
Construction	264	276	285	4.8	5.0	5.1
Manufacturing	242	185	224	2.0	1.6	1.9
Durable goods	143	114	144	1.9	1.5	1.9
Nondurable goods	99	72	81	2.2	1.6	1.8
Trade, transportation, and utilities	769	710	809	3.0	2.8	3.2
Wholesale trade	104	106	101	1.9	1.9	1.8
Retail trade	514	475	577	3.5	3.2	3.9
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	151	129	131	3.1	2.6	2.6
Information	57	44	71	2.1	1.6	2.7
Financial activities	182	158	194	2.4	2.0	2.5
Finance and insurance	126	112	143	2.2	1.9	2.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	56	46	51	2.9	2.4	2.6
Professional and business services	875	724	938	4.9	4.0	5.1
Education and health services	433	424	503	2.1	2.0	2.4
Educational services	51	39	59	1.4	1.1	1.7
Health care and social assistance	382	384	444	2.3	2.2	2.6
Leisure and hospitality	705	599	716	5.2	4.4	5.1
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	147	76	113	7.7	4.1	5.8
Accommodation and food services	557	523	603	4.8	4.4	5.0
Other services	225	156	170	4.2	2.9	3.1
Government	212	199	218	0.9	0.9	1.0
Federal	29	33	37	1.0	1.2	1.3
State and local	183	166	181	0.9	0.9	0.9
REGION(3)
Northeast	644	572	656	2.5	2.2	2.6
South	1,618	1,425	1,700	3.3	2.9	3.5
Midwest	865	723	848	2.9	2.4	2.8
West	868	786	956	3.0	2.7	3.2
Footnotes (1) Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month. (2) The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	2,098	1,898	2,291	1.6	1.4	1.7
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,995	1,801	2,175	1.8	1.6	1.9
Mining and logging	18	19	16	2.2	2.2	1.9
Construction	73	84	93	1.3	1.5	1.6
Manufacturing	118	88	114	1.0	0.7	1.0
Durable goods	68	47	70	0.9	0.6	0.9
Nondurable goods	50	40	44	1.1	0.9	1.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	457	408	490	1.8	1.6	1.9
Wholesale trade	48	59	65	0.9	1.0	1.1
Retail trade	327	279	352	2.2	1.9	2.4
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	81	70	73	1.7	1.4	1.5
Information	33	24	39	1.2	0.9	1.4
Financial activities	106	91	107	1.4	1.2	1.4
Finance and insurance	69	66	82	1.2	1.1	1.4
Real estate and rental and leasing	37	25	25	1.9	1.3	1.2
Professional and business services	394	356	488	2.2	2.0	2.7
Education and health services	257	268	285	1.3	1.3	1.4
Educational services	26	19	31	0.7	0.5	0.9
Health care and social assistance	231	250	254	1.4	1.5	1.5
Leisure and hospitality	445	380	453	3.3	2.8	3.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	40	34	38	2.1	1.8	1.9
Accommodation and food services	405	346	415	3.5	2.9	3.5
Other services	93	83	90	1.7	1.5	1.7
Government	103	97	116	0.5	0.4	0.5
Federal	11	10	11	0.4	0.4	0.4
State and local	93	87	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
REGION(3)
Northeast	301	252	314	1.2	1.0	1.2
South	907	823	1,001	1.9	1.7	2.0
Midwest	449	424	514	1.5	1.4	1.7
West	441	398	462	1.5	1.3	1.6
Footnotes (1) Quits are the number of quits during the entire month. (2) The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	1,616	1,329	1,514	1.2	1.0	1.1
INDUSTRY
Total private	1,554	1,267	1,455	1.4	1.1	1.3
Mining and logging	11	9	12	1.3	1.0	1.5
Construction	178	189	179	3.3	3.4	3.2
Manufacturing	99	83	86	0.8	0.7	0.7
Durable goods	59	58	60	0.8	0.8	0.8
Nondurable goods	40	25	26	0.9	0.6	0.6
Trade, transportation, and utilities	235	233	254	0.9	0.9	1.0
Wholesale trade	48	30	31	0.9	0.5	0.5
Retail trade	143	162	178	1.0	1.1	1.2
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	44	41	46	0.9	0.8	0.9
Information	21	11	29	0.8	0.4	1.1
Financial activities	50	44	46	0.7	0.6	0.6
Finance and insurance	34	26	30	0.6	0.5	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	17	18	17	0.9	0.9	0.8
Professional and business services	452	328	411	2.5	1.8	2.2
Education and health services	150	115	144	0.7	0.6	0.7
Educational services	21	16	20	0.6	0.5	0.6
Health care and social assistance	129	99	124	0.8	0.6	0.7
Leisure and hospitality	229	192	223	1.7	1.4	1.6
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	104	40	72	5.5	2.2	3.7
Accommodation and food services	124	152	151	1.1	1.3	1.3
Other services	129	63	71	2.4	1.2	1.3
Government	62	62	59	0.3	0.3	0.3
Federal	7	14	16	0.2	0.5	0.6
State and local	55	48	43	0.3	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	293	264	281	1.2	1.0	1.1
South	624	504	574	1.3	1.0	1.2
Midwest	345	242	254	1.1	0.8	0.8
West	354	319	404	1.2	1.1	1.4
Footnotes (1) Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month. (2) The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary

Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry and region	Levels (in thousands)			Rates(2)
	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)	Apr. 2012	Mar. 2013	Apr. 2013(p)
Total	280	279	357	0.2	0.2	0.3
INDUSTRY
Total private	233	239	314	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mining and logging	2	3	2	0.2	0.3	0.3
Construction	13	3	14	0.2	0.1	0.2
Manufacturing	25	15	24	0.2	0.1	0.2
Durable goods	16	9	14	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nondurable goods	9	6	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	77	69	66	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wholesale trade	7	17	6	0.1	0.3	0.1
Retail trade	43	34	47	0.3	0.2	0.3
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities	26	18	12	0.5	0.4	0.3
Information	3	8	4	0.1	0.3	0.2
Financial activities	26	23	42	0.3	0.3	0.5
Finance and insurance	23	20	32	0.4	0.3	0.5
Real estate and rental and leasing	3	3	10	0.1	0.2	0.5
Professional and business services	28	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Education and health services	26	41	74	0.1	0.2	0.4
Educational services	4	5	8	0.1	0.1	0.2
Health care and social assistance	22	36	66	0.1	0.2	0.4
Leisure and hospitality	31	27	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2	2	3	0.1	0.1	0.2
Accommodation and food services	28	25	37	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other services	4	10	9	0.1	0.2	0.2
Government	47	40	43	0.2	0.2	0.2
Federal	11	8	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
State and local	36	32	33	0.2	0.2	0.2
REGION(3)
Northeast	50	55	61	0.2	0.2	0.2
South	87	98	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Midwest	71	58	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
West	73	69	91	0.2	0.2	0.3
Footnotes (1) Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month. (2) The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment. (3) The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.