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Economic News Release
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CPS CPS Program Links
CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed             USDL-13-2120
until 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, November 8, 2013

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                     THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- OCTOBER 2013


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 204,000 in October, and the 
unemployment rate was little changed at 7.3 percent, the U.S. Bureau of 
Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in leisure and 
hospitality, retail trade, professional and technical services, 
manufacturing, and health care.

Household Survey Data

Both the number of unemployed persons, at 11.3 million, and the
unemployment rate, at 7.3 percent, changed little in October. Among
the unemployed, however, the number who reported being on temporary
layoff increased by 448,000. This figure includes furloughed federal
employees who were classified as unemployed on temporary layoff under
the definitions used in the household survey. (Estimates of the
unemployed by reason, such as temporary layoff and job leavers, do not
sum to the official seasonally adjusted measure of total unemployed
because they are independently seasonally adjusted.) For more
information on the classification of workers affected by the federal
government shutdown, see the box note. (See tables A-1 and A-11.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men
(7.0 percent), adult women (6.4 percent), teenagers (22.2 percent),
whites (6.3 percent), blacks (13.1 percent), and Hispanics (9.1 percent) 
showed little or no change in October. The jobless rate for Asians was 
5.2 percent (not seasonally adjusted), little changed from a year 
earlier. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or
more) was little changed at 4.1 million in October. These individuals
accounted for 36.1 percent of the unemployed. The number of long-term
unemployed has declined by 954,000 over the year. (See table A-12.)

The civilian labor force was down by 720,000 in October. The labor
force participation rate fell by 0.4 percentage point to 62.8 percent
over the month. Total employment as measured by the household survey
fell by 735,000 over the month and the employment-population ratio
declined by 0.3 percentage point to 58.3 percent. This employment
decline partly reflected a decline in federal government employment.
(See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons
(sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was little
changed at 8.1 million in October. These individuals were working part
time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable
to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In October, 2.3 million persons were marginally attached to the labor
force, little changed from 2.4 million a year earlier. (The data are
not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor
force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed
because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 815,000 discouraged workers
in October, essentially unchanged from a year earlier. (The data are
not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available
for them. The remaining 1.5 million persons marginally attached to the
labor force in October had not searched for work for reasons such as
school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 204,000 in October. Job
growth averaged 190,000 per month over the prior 12 months. In
October, job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality, retail trade,
professional and technical services, manufacturing, and health care.
Federal government employment continued to trend down. There were no
discernible impacts of the partial federal government shutdown on the
estimates of employment, hours, and earnings from the establishment
survey. (See table B-1.)

Leisure and hospitality employment rose by 53,000 in October. Within
the industry, employment in food services and drinking places
increased by 29,000, the same as its average monthly gain over the
prior 12 months.

Employment in retail trade increased by 44,000 in October, compared
with an average monthly gain of 31,000 over the prior 12 months. Job
growth was widespread within the industry in October, with gains in
food and beverage stores (+12,000), electronics and appliance stores
(+10,000), sporting goods and hobby stores (+8,000), general
merchandise stores (+8,000), and building material and garden supply
stores (+7,000). Clothing and clothing accessories stores lost 13,000
jobs.

Professional and technical services employment rose in October
(+21,000) and has grown by 213,000 over the past 12 months. Within the
industry, employment in management and technical consulting services
rose by 8,000 in October.

Manufacturing added 19,000 jobs in October, with job growth occurring
in motor vehicles and parts (+6,000), wood products (+3,000), and
furniture and related products (+3,000). On net, manufacturing
employment has changed little since February 2013.

Health care employment increased over the month (+15,000). Job growth
in health care has averaged 17,000 per month thus far this year,
compared with an average monthly gain of 27,000 in 2012.

In October, employment showed little or no change elsewhere in the
private sector, including mining and logging, construction, wholesale
trade, transportation and warehousing, information, and financial
activities.

Federal government employment declined by 12,000 in October. Over the
past 12 months, federal government employment has decreased by 94,000.
Federal employees on furlough during the partial government shutdown
were still considered employed in the payroll survey because they
worked or received pay for the pay period that included the 12th of
the month. For more information on the classification of workers
affected by the partial federal government shutdown, see the box note.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was
unchanged in October at 34.4 hours. The manufacturing workweek was
40.9 hours, the same as in September, and factory overtime was
unchanged at 3.4 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1
hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 2 cents to $24.10. Over the year, average
hourly earnings have risen by 52 cents, or 2.2 percent. In October,
average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees
edged up by 2 cents to $20.26. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised
from +193,000 to +238,000, and the change for September was revised
from +148,000 to +163,000. With these revisions, employment gains in
August and September combined were 60,000 higher than previously
reported.

____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on
Friday, December 6, 2013, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).



    ------------------------------------------------------------------
  |                                                                   |
  |                Partial Federal Government Shutdown                |
  |                                                                   |
  |  Some agencies of the federal government were shut down or were   |
  |  operating at reduced staffing levels from October 1, 2013,       |
  |  through October 16, 2013. All household and establishment survey |
  |  operations, including data collection, were suspended during     |
  |  that time period. Shortly after the shutdown ended, October data |
  |  collection for both surveys began. The Bureau of Labor           |
  |  Statistics (BLS) delayed the publication of this release by 1    |
  |  week to allow enough time to collect data. The reference periods |
  |  for the surveys were not changed. The response rate for the      |
  |  household survey was within its normal range, and the response   |
  |  rate for the establishment survey was above average.             |
  |                                                                   |
  |  In the household survey, individuals are classified as employed, |
  |  unemployed, or not in the labor force based on their answers to  |
  |  a series of questions about their activities during the survey   |
  |  reference week. Workers who indicate that they were not working  |
  |  during the entire survey reference week and expected to be       |
  |  recalled to their jobs should be classified in the household     |
  |  survey as unemployed on temporary layoff. In October 2013, there |
  |  was an increase in the number of federal workers who were        |
  |  classified as unemployed on temporary layoff. However, there     |
  |  also was an increase in the number of federal workers who were   |
  |  classified as employed but absent from work. BLS analysis of the |
  |  data indicates that this group included federal workers affected |
  |  by the shutdown who also should have been classified as          |
  |  unemployed on temporary layoff. Such a misclassification is an   |
  |  example of nonsampling error and can occur when respondents      |
  |  misunderstand questions or interviewers record answers           |
  |  incorrectly. According to usual practice, the data from the      |
  |  household survey are accepted as recorded. To maintain           |
  |  data integrity, no ad hoc actions taken to reassign survey       | 
  |  responses.                                                       |
  |                                                                   |
  |  It should be noted that household survey data for federal        |
  |  workers are available only on a not seasonally adjusted basis.   |
  |  As a result, over-the-month changes in federal worker data       |
  |  series cannot be compared with seasonally adjusted over-the-     |
  |  month changes in total employed and unemployed.                  |
  |                                                                   |
  |  In the establishment survey, businesses report the number of     |
  |  people who work or receive pay for any part of the pay period    |
  |  that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who work or receive |
  |  pay for any part of the pay period are defined as employed. This |
  |  method of classifying workers is the same in all industries,     |
  |  including the federal government. Federal employees on furlough  |
  |  during the partial federal government shutdown were still        |
  |  considered employed in the payroll survey because they worked or |
  |  received pay for the pay period that included the 12th of the    |
  |  month.                                                           |
  |                                                                   |
  |  Additional information is available online at                    |
  |  www.bls.gov/bls/shutdown_2013_empsit_qa.pdf.                     |
  |                                                                   |
   -------------------------------------------------------------------




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Change from:
Sept.
2013-
Oct.
2013

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

243,983 245,959 246,168 246,381 213

Civilian labor force

155,576 155,486 155,559 154,839 -720

Participation rate

63.8 63.2 63.2 62.8 -0.4

Employed

143,328 144,170 144,303 143,568 -735

Employment-population ratio

58.7 58.6 58.6 58.3 -0.3

Unemployed

12,248 11,316 11,255 11,272 17

Unemployment rate

7.9 7.3 7.2 7.3 0.1

Not in labor force

88,407 90,473 90,609 91,541 932

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

7.9 7.3 7.2 7.3 0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)

7.3 7.1 7.1 7.0 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)

7.2 6.3 6.2 6.4 0.2

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

23.7 22.7 21.4 22.2 0.8

White

6.9 6.4 6.3 6.3 0.0

Black or African American

14.5 13.0 12.9 13.1 0.2

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)

4.9 5.1 5.3 5.2 -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

10.0 9.3 9.0 9.1 0.1

Total, 25 years and over

6.6 6.0 6.0 6.1 0.1

Less than a high school diploma

12.2 11.3 10.3 10.9 0.6

High school graduates, no college

8.3 7.6 7.6 7.3 -0.3

Some college or associate degree

7.0 6.1 6.0 6.3 0.3

Bachelor's degree and higher

3.7 3.5 3.7 3.8 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

6,536 5,970 5,844 6,253 409

Job leavers

1,009 893 989 861 -128

Reentrants

3,319 3,129 3,181 3,117 -64

New entrants

1,302 1,299 1,222 1,223 1

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,633 2,563 2,596 2,761 165

5 to 14 weeks

2,847 2,766 2,703 2,656 -47

15 to 26 weeks

1,813 1,694 1,804 1,782 -22

27 weeks and over

5,017 4,290 4,146 4,063 -83

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

8,286 7,911 7,926 8,050 124

Slack work or business conditions

5,177 4,808 4,960 5,047 87

Could only find part-time work

2,618 2,719 2,557 2,599 42

Part time for noneconomic reasons

18,896 19,339 18,967 18,786 -181

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force

2,433 2,342 2,302 2,283 -

Discouraged workers

813 866 852 815 -

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

160 238 163 204

Total private

217 207 150 212

Goods-producing

16 20 27 35

Mining and logging

-6 4 5 5

Construction

16 1 18 11

Manufacturing

6 15 4 19

Durable goods(1)

1 23 10 12

Motor vehicles and parts

-3.6 16.7 3.3 5.7

Nondurable goods

5 -8 -6 7

Private service-providing(1)

201 187 123 177

Wholesale trade

7.8 6.4 14.3 -5.4

Retail trade

52.1 38.3 22.3 44.4

Transportation and warehousing

13.7 12.3 29.5 0.0

Information

1 -21 4 5

Financial activities

11 -1 -1 7

Professional and business services(1)

53 42 32 44

Temporary help services

9.0 15.1 11.4 3.3

Education and health services(1)

34 57 6 23

Health care and social assistance

37.4 50.6 8.7 17.5

Leisure and hospitality

22 49 13 53

Other services

7 4 3 6

Government

-57 31 13 -8

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES(2)
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES

Total nonfarm women employees

49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private women employees

47.9 48.0 47.9 47.9

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

82.7 82.6 82.6 82.6

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.3 34.5 34.4 34.4

Average hourly earnings

$23.58 $24.05 $24.08 $24.10

Average weekly earnings

$808.79 $829.73 $828.35 $829.04

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

96.5 98.8 98.6 98.8

Over-the-month percent change

-0.4 0.5 -0.2 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

108.5 113.3 113.3 113.6

Over-the-month percent change

-0.5 0.7 0.0 0.3

HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

33.6 33.7 33.7 33.6

Average hourly earnings

$19.82 $20.20 $20.24 $20.26

Average weekly earnings

$665.95 $680.74 $682.09 $680.74

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)

104.2 106.2 106.3 106.2

Over-the-month percent change

0.0 0.5 0.1 -0.1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)(4)

137.9 143.3 143.7 143.7

Over-the-month percent change

0.1 0.7 0.3 0.0

DIFFUSION INDEX(5)
(Over 1-month span)

Total private (266 industries)

64.8 59.8 57.5 61.5

Manufacturing (81 industries)

56.2 51.2 51.9 56.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of   employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a   smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change   than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

   In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment,
   employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more
   than 20 percent of all employees in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the effect
   of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours. Current and historical
   data are available on the  household survey's most requested statistics page at
   http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 145,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 557,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 90,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-40,000 to +140,000 (50,000 +/- 90,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

243,983 246,168 246,381 243,983 245,552 245,756 245,959 246,168 246,381

Civilian labor force

155,779 155,536 154,918 155,576 155,835 155,798 155,486 155,559 154,839

Participation rate

63.8 63.2 62.9 63.8 63.5 63.4 63.2 63.2 62.8

Employed

144,039 144,651 144,144 143,328 144,058 144,285 144,170 144,303 143,568

Employment-population ratio

59.0 58.8 58.5 58.7 58.7 58.7 58.6 58.6 58.3

Unemployed

11,741 10,885 10,773 12,248 11,777 11,514 11,316 11,255 11,272

Unemployment rate

7.5 7.0 7.0 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.3

Not in labor force

88,204 90,632 91,463 88,407 89,717 89,957 90,473 90,609 91,541

Persons who currently want a job

6,142 5,775 5,683 6,584 6,580 6,619 6,285 6,163 6,162

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

117,710 118,807 118,916 117,710 118,490 118,595 118,700 118,807 118,916

Civilian labor force

82,715 82,759 82,261 82,661 82,898 82,852 82,513 82,854 82,347

Participation rate

70.3 69.7 69.2 70.2 70.0 69.9 69.5 69.7 69.2

Employed

76,498 76,750 76,403 76,027 76,447 76,466 76,164 76,452 76,074

Employment-population ratio

65.0 64.6 64.2 64.6 64.5 64.5 64.2 64.4 64.0

Unemployed

6,217 6,009 5,858 6,634 6,451 6,387 6,349 6,401 6,274

Unemployment rate

7.5 7.3 7.1 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6

Not in labor force

34,995 36,048 36,654 35,049 35,592 35,743 36,186 35,953 36,568

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

109,096 110,292 110,414 109,096 109,943 110,054 110,172 110,292 110,414

Civilian labor force

79,873 79,824 79,468 79,679 79,883 79,909 79,639 79,797 79,420

Participation rate

73.2 72.4 72.0 73.0 72.7 72.6 72.3 72.4 71.9

Employed

74,416 74,527 74,290 73,845 74,276 74,328 74,010 74,143 73,869

Employment-population ratio

68.2 67.6 67.3 67.7 67.6 67.5 67.2 67.2 66.9

Unemployed

5,457 5,297 5,178 5,834 5,607 5,581 5,629 5,654 5,551

Unemployment rate

6.8 6.6 6.5 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.0

Not in labor force

29,222 30,468 30,947 29,416 30,060 30,145 30,533 30,495 30,994

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

126,273 127,361 127,465 126,273 127,062 127,161 127,260 127,361 127,465

Civilian labor force

73,064 72,776 72,656 72,915 72,938 72,946 72,973 72,705 72,492

Participation rate

57.9 57.1 57.0 57.7 57.4 57.4 57.3 57.1 56.9

Employed

67,540 67,901 67,741 67,301 67,612 67,819 68,005 67,851 67,494

Employment-population ratio

53.5 53.3 53.1 53.3 53.2 53.3 53.4 53.3 53.0

Unemployed

5,523 4,875 4,915 5,614 5,326 5,127 4,968 4,854 4,998

Unemployment rate

7.6 6.7 6.8 7.7 7.3 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.9

Not in labor force

53,209 54,585 54,809 53,358 54,124 54,215 54,287 54,657 54,973

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

117,980 119,131 119,246 117,980 118,804 118,907 119,018 119,131 119,246

Civilian labor force

70,277 70,153 69,968 70,041 70,075 70,033 70,140 69,936 69,707

Participation rate

59.6 58.9 58.7 59.4 59.0 58.9 58.9 58.7 58.5

Employed

65,316 65,748 65,565 65,014 65,314 65,489 65,750 65,582 65,255

Employment-population ratio

55.4 55.2 55.0 55.1 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.1 54.7

Unemployed

4,961 4,405 4,403 5,027 4,761 4,544 4,390 4,354 4,451

Unemployment rate

7.1 6.3 6.3 7.2 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.4

Not in labor force

47,703 48,978 49,278 47,939 48,730 48,875 48,878 49,195 49,539

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,907 16,745 16,721 16,907 16,805 16,795 16,770 16,745 16,721

Civilian labor force

5,629 5,559 5,482 5,856 5,878 5,857 5,707 5,825 5,713

Participation rate

33.3 33.2 32.8 34.6 35.0 34.9 34.0 34.8 34.2

Employed

4,306 4,376 4,289 4,469 4,469 4,469 4,410 4,578 4,443

Employment-population ratio

25.5 26.1 25.7 26.4 26.6 26.6 26.3 27.3 26.6

Unemployed

1,322 1,183 1,193 1,387 1,409 1,388 1,297 1,248 1,269

Unemployment rate

23.5 21.3 21.8 23.7 24.0 23.7 22.7 21.4 22.2

Not in labor force

11,278 11,186 11,239 11,051 10,927 10,938 11,062 10,920 11,008

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

193,633 194,610 194,734 193,633 194,254 194,373 194,489 194,610 194,734

Civilian labor force

124,085 123,362 122,916 123,794 123,766 123,719 123,378 123,179 122,711

Participation rate

64.1 63.4 63.1 63.9 63.7 63.7 63.4 63.3 63.0

Employed

115,885 115,862 115,530 115,205 115,563 115,552 115,464 115,388 114,920

Employment-population ratio

59.8 59.5 59.3 59.5 59.5 59.4 59.4 59.3 59.0

Unemployed

8,200 7,500 7,386 8,588 8,204 8,167 7,913 7,791 7,791

Unemployment rate

6.6 6.1 6.0 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.3

Not in labor force

69,548 71,248 71,818 69,839 70,488 70,654 71,112 71,431 72,023

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

64,923 64,463 64,206 64,718 64,625 64,595 64,433 64,323 64,072

Participation rate

73.7 72.7 72.4 73.5 73.1 73.0 72.8 72.6 72.2

Employed

60,980 60,796 60,537 60,493 60,620 60,528 60,416 60,408 60,128

Employment-population ratio

69.3 68.6 68.2 68.7 68.6 68.4 68.2 68.1 67.8

Unemployed

3,943 3,667 3,669 4,225 4,005 4,067 4,017 3,915 3,944

Unemployment rate

6.1 5.7 5.7 6.5 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

54,685 54,506 54,295 54,423 54,469 54,501 54,474 54,279 54,061

Participation rate

58.8 58.3 58.0 58.5 58.4 58.4 58.3 58.1 57.8

Employed

51,352 51,488 51,419 51,020 51,222 51,339 51,494 51,285 51,102

Employment-population ratio

55.2 55.1 55.0 54.9 54.9 55.0 55.1 54.8 54.6

Unemployed

3,333 3,018 2,875 3,403 3,247 3,162 2,980 2,994 2,959

Unemployment rate

6.1 5.5 5.3 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,477 4,392 4,415 4,653 4,672 4,623 4,470 4,577 4,578

Participation rate

35.5 35.2 35.5 36.9 37.3 37.0 35.8 36.7 36.8

Employed

3,553 3,578 3,574 3,692 3,721 3,685 3,555 3,695 3,690

Employment-population ratio

28.2 28.7 28.7 29.3 29.7 29.5 28.5 29.6 29.6

Unemployed

924 815 842 961 951 938 916 882 888

Unemployment rate

20.6 18.5 19.1 20.7 20.4 20.3 20.5 19.3 19.4

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

30,027 30,462 30,500 30,027 30,355 30,390 30,426 30,462 30,500

Civilian labor force

18,767 18,559 18,599 18,716 18,636 18,671 18,511 18,670 18,512

Participation rate

62.5 60.9 61.0 62.3 61.4 61.4 60.8 61.3 60.7

Employed

16,172 16,168 16,229 16,011 16,090 16,318 16,108 16,269 16,085

Employment-population ratio

53.9 53.1 53.2 53.3 53.0 53.7 52.9 53.4 52.7

Unemployed

2,595 2,391 2,370 2,705 2,546 2,353 2,403 2,402 2,427

Unemployment rate

13.8 12.9 12.7 14.5 13.7 12.6 13.0 12.9 13.1

Not in labor force

11,261 11,903 11,901 11,311 11,719 11,719 11,914 11,792 11,988

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

8,318 8,450 8,387 8,296 8,358 8,434 8,324 8,499 8,377

Participation rate

67.8 67.5 66.9 67.6 67.1 67.6 66.6 67.9 66.8

Employed

7,222 7,289 7,364 7,127 7,270 7,382 7,204 7,307 7,289

Employment-population ratio

58.9 58.2 58.7 58.1 58.4 59.2 57.6 58.3 58.1

Unemployed

1,096 1,160 1,022 1,169 1,088 1,052 1,120 1,192 1,089

Unemployment rate

13.2 13.7 12.2 14.1 13.0 12.5 13.5 14.0 13.0

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,710 9,424 9,540 9,668 9,556 9,508 9,450 9,421 9,442

Participation rate

64.1 61.2 61.9 63.8 62.3 62.0 61.5 61.2 61.3

Employed

8,503 8,439 8,419 8,440 8,413 8,510 8,449 8,475 8,353

Employment-population ratio

56.1 54.8 54.6 55.7 54.9 55.5 55.0 55.1 54.2

Unemployed

1,206 985 1,121 1,228 1,143 998 1,001 946 1,089

Unemployment rate

12.4 10.5 11.8 12.7 12.0 10.5 10.6 10.0 11.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

739 685 672 752 722 729 738 750 693

Participation rate

28.2 26.9 26.4 28.7 28.1 28.4 28.9 29.4 27.3

Employed

446 440 445 444 407 426 456 487 444

Employment-population ratio

17.1 17.3 17.5 17.0 15.8 16.6 17.8 19.1 17.5

Unemployed

293 245 227 307 315 303 282 263 249

Unemployment rate

39.6 35.8 33.7 40.9 43.6 41.6 38.2 35.1 36.0

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

12,939 13,330 13,355 - - - - - -

Civilian labor force

8,149 8,675 8,498 - - - - - -

Participation rate

63.0 65.1 63.6 - - - - - -

Employed

7,753 8,218 8,055 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

59.9 61.6 60.3 - - - - - -

Unemployed

396 458 443 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

4.9 5.3 5.2 - - - - - -

Not in labor force

4,790 4,655 4,857 - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

37,058 37,713 37,796 37,058 37,471 37,548 37,630 37,713 37,796

Civilian labor force

24,602 24,802 24,827 24,572 24,869 25,040 24,942 24,826 24,808

Participation rate

66.4 65.8 65.7 66.3 66.4 66.7 66.3 65.8 65.6

Employed

22,221 22,690 22,643 22,112 22,601 22,675 22,612 22,598 22,555

Employment-population ratio

60.0 60.2 59.9 59.7 60.3 60.4 60.1 59.9 59.7

Unemployed

2,381 2,112 2,184 2,460 2,267 2,366 2,330 2,228 2,253

Unemployment rate

9.7 8.5 8.8 10.0 9.1 9.4 9.3 9.0 9.1

Not in labor force

12,456 12,911 12,968 12,486 12,602 12,508 12,688 12,887 12,988

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

13,643 13,782 13,790 - - - - - -

Participation rate

81.6 80.9 80.8 - - - - - -

Employed

12,506 12,756 12,715 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

74.8 74.9 74.5 - - - - - -

Unemployed

1,137 1,026 1,075 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

8.3 7.4 7.8 - - - - - -

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,897 9,900 9,907 - - - - - -

Participation rate

59.3 58.1 58.0 - - - - - -

Employed

8,959 9,102 9,107 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

53.7 53.4 53.4 - - - - - -

Unemployed

938 798 800 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

9.5 8.1 8.1 - - - - - -

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,062 1,120 1,130 - - - - - -

Participation rate

29.0 30.6 30.9 - - - - - -

Employed

755 831 821 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

20.7 22.8 22.5 - - - - - -

Unemployed

306 289 309 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

28.9 25.8 27.4 - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

11,128 10,995 10,604 11,251 11,161 10,889 10,939 10,860 10,730

Participation rate

45.3 45.0 44.1 45.8 44.5 45.4 45.4 44.5 44.7

Employed

9,865 9,967 9,525 9,880 9,969 9,692 9,700 9,743 9,564

Employment-population ratio

40.2 40.8 39.6 40.2 39.8 40.4 40.2 39.9 39.8

Unemployed

1,263 1,027 1,079 1,371 1,192 1,197 1,239 1,117 1,166

Unemployment rate

11.3 9.3 10.2 12.2 10.7 11.0 11.3 10.3 10.9

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

36,614 36,559 36,210 36,735 36,320 36,741 36,592 36,610 36,297

Participation rate

59.8 58.9 58.3 60.0 59.1 59.0 59.0 59.0 58.4

Employed

33,783 33,891 33,759 33,681 33,562 33,950 33,826 33,828 33,638

Employment-population ratio

55.2 54.6 54.3 55.0 54.6 54.5 54.5 54.5 54.1

Unemployed

2,831 2,668 2,451 3,054 2,757 2,791 2,766 2,782 2,659

Unemployment rate

7.7 7.3 6.8 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.3

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

37,905 37,658 37,494 37,662 37,297 37,341 37,496 37,338 37,178

Participation rate

69.2 67.8 67.4 68.8 68.1 67.3 67.2 67.2 66.8

Employed

35,307 35,413 35,105 35,043 34,925 35,105 35,216 35,080 34,818

Employment-population ratio

64.5 63.8 63.1 64.0 63.7 63.2 63.1 63.2 62.6

Unemployed

2,598 2,245 2,389 2,619 2,372 2,237 2,281 2,257 2,359

Unemployment rate

6.9 6.0 6.4 7.0 6.4 6.0 6.1 6.0 6.3

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

49,006 49,140 49,607 48,670 49,466 49,173 49,141 49,174 49,340

Participation rate

75.8 75.2 75.4 75.3 75.6 75.5 75.4 75.3 75.0

Employed

47,242 47,336 47,780 46,851 47,537 47,281 47,400 47,354 47,472

Employment-population ratio

73.1 72.5 72.7 72.5 72.7 72.6 72.8 72.5 72.2

Unemployed

1,764 1,804 1,826 1,818 1,929 1,891 1,740 1,820 1,869

Unemployment rate

3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.5 3.7 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

21,072 21,305 19,254 19,073 1,818 2,232

Civilian labor force

10,948 10,920 9,850 9,474 1,097 1,445

Participation rate

52.0 51.3 51.2 49.7 60.4 64.8

Employed

10,258 10,169 9,266 8,840 993 1,329

Employment-population ratio

48.7 47.7 48.1 46.3 54.6 59.6

Unemployed

689 750 585 634 105 116

Unemployment rate

6.3 6.9 5.9 6.7 9.5 8.0

Not in labor force

10,124 10,385 9,404 9,599 721 787

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,514 3,025 2,111 2,381 403 644

Civilian labor force

2,082 2,467 1,795 1,978 287 489

Participation rate

82.8 81.5 85.1 83.1 71.2 75.8

Employed

1,873 2,220 1,631 1,788 242 432

Employment-population ratio

74.5 73.4 77.3 75.1 60.2 67.1

Unemployed

209 246 164 190 44 56

Unemployment rate

10.0 10.0 9.2 9.6 15.5 11.6

Not in labor force

432 558 316 402 116 156

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,058 3,095 2,570 2,568 488 527

Civilian labor force

2,566 2,597 2,212 2,192 354 405

Participation rate

83.9 83.9 86.1 85.3 72.4 76.8

Employed

2,433 2,431 2,109 2,055 324 377

Employment-population ratio

79.6 78.6 82.1 80.0 66.4 71.4

Unemployed

133 165 103 137 30 28

Unemployment rate

5.2 6.4 4.7 6.3 8.3 7.0

Not in labor force

492 499 358 376 135 122

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

9,744 9,713 9,428 9,353 316 360

Civilian labor force

3,010 2,818 2,939 2,736 70 82

Participation rate

30.9 29.0 31.2 29.3 22.2 22.7

Employed

2,850 2,638 2,790 2,561 60 77

Employment-population ratio

29.3 27.2 29.6 27.4 19.0 21.5

Unemployed

160 180 149 175 10 4

Unemployment rate

5.3 6.4 5.1 6.4 - 5.4

Not in labor force

6,734 6,895 6,488 6,617 246 278

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,756 5,472 5,145 4,772 611 701

Civilian labor force

3,290 3,038 2,903 2,568 387 470

Participation rate

57.2 55.5 56.4 53.8 63.3 67.1

Employed

3,102 2,879 2,736 2,436 366 443

Employment-population ratio

53.9 52.6 53.2 51.1 59.9 63.2

Unemployed

188 159 168 132 21 27

Unemployment rate

5.7 5.2 5.8 5.1 5.3 5.7

Not in labor force

2,466 2,434 2,242 2,203 224 231

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

213,964 216,102 93,852 95,381 120,112 120,721

Civilian labor force

142,934 142,054 71,930 71,882 71,004 70,173

Participation rate

66.8 65.7 76.6 75.4 59.1 58.1

Employed

132,321 132,446 66,549 66,846 65,773 65,600

Employment-population ratio

61.8 61.3 70.9 70.1 54.8 54.3

Unemployed

10,613 9,608 5,382 5,035 5,231 4,573

Unemployment rate

7.4 6.8 7.5 7.0 7.4 6.5

Not in labor force

71,030 74,047 21,922 23,499 49,108 50,549

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Beginning with data for January 2013, estimates for veterans incorporate population controls derived from the updated Department of Veterans Affairs' population model.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

28,613 28,557 215,369 217,824

Civilian labor force

6,148 5,722 149,631 149,195

Participation rate

21.5 20.0 69.5 68.5

Employed

5,357 4,988 138,682 139,156

Employment-population ratio

18.7 17.5 64.4 63.9

Unemployed

791 734 10,949 10,039

Unemployment rate

12.9 12.8 7.3 6.7

Not in labor force

22,466 22,835 65,738 68,628

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,739 2,479 75,564 75,317

Participation rate

35.8 33.0 82.7 81.9

Employed

2,349 2,115 69,977 70,044

Employment-population ratio

30.7 28.2 76.6 76.2

Unemployed

390 364 5,587 5,273

Unemployment rate

14.2 14.7 7.4 7.0

Not in labor force

4,904 5,031 15,824 16,660

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,349 2,355 67,275 66,671

Participation rate

30.2 29.7 71.0 70.1

Employed

2,030 2,040 62,276 62,257

Employment-population ratio

26.1 25.7 65.7 65.5

Unemployed

319 315 4,999 4,414

Unemployment rate

13.6 13.4 7.4 6.6

Not in labor force

5,417 5,580 27,498 28,402

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,060 889 6,792 7,208

Participation rate

8.0 6.8 23.3 23.4

Employed

978 834 6,428 6,855

Employment-population ratio

7.4 6.4 22.0 22.3

Unemployed

83 55 363 352

Unemployment rate

7.8 6.2 5.3 4.9

Not in labor force

12,144 12,224 22,417 23,566

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

38,288 38,816 18,494 18,843 19,794 19,973

Civilian labor force

25,268 25,507 14,430 14,797 10,838 10,710

Participation rate

66.0 65.7 78.0 78.5 54.8 53.6

Employed

23,388 23,874 13,473 13,894 9,915 9,980

Employment-population ratio

61.1 61.5 72.8 73.7 50.1 50.0

Unemployed

1,880 1,633 958 903 923 730

Unemployment rate

7.4 6.4 6.6 6.1 8.5 6.8

Not in labor force

13,020 13,308 4,064 4,046 8,956 9,262

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

205,695 207,565 99,216 100,073 106,479 107,492

Civilian labor force

130,511 129,410 68,285 67,464 62,226 61,946

Participation rate

63.4 62.3 68.8 67.4 58.4 57.6

Employed

120,651 120,270 63,026 62,509 57,625 57,761

Employment-population ratio

58.7 57.9 63.5 62.5 54.1 53.7

Unemployed

9,860 9,140 5,260 4,955 4,601 4,185

Unemployment rate

7.6 7.1 7.7 7.3 7.4 6.8

Not in labor force

75,184 78,155 30,931 32,608 44,253 45,546

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,222 2,271 2,263 2,195 2,067 2,159 2,204 2,209 2,209

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,446 1,477 1,415 1,394 1,268 1,303 1,367 1,397 1,356

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

758 762 800 751 790 842 820 772 795

Unpaid family workers

18 32 48 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

141,817 142,380 141,881 141,245 142,004 142,165 141,947 142,095 141,428

Wage and salary workers(1)

132,967 133,612 133,333 132,326 133,273 133,224 133,277 133,319 132,826

Government

20,745 20,309 19,864 20,555 20,157 20,041 20,365 20,233 19,726

Private industries

112,222 113,303 113,469 111,784 113,167 113,164 112,886 113,099 113,090

Private households

707 694 796 - - - - - -

Other industries

111,514 112,610 112,673 111,058 112,552 112,535 112,244 112,434 112,313

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,775 8,723 8,492 8,819 8,643 8,831 8,678 8,634 8,531

Unpaid family workers

76 44 57 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

7,870 7,522 7,700 8,286 8,226 8,245 7,911 7,926 8,050

Slack work or business conditions

4,976 4,763 4,878 5,177 5,193 5,177 4,808 4,960 5,047

Could only find part-time work

2,634 2,532 2,618 2,618 2,652 2,665 2,719 2,557 2,599

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

19,460 19,151 19,228 18,896 19,044 19,128 19,339 18,967 18,786

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

7,768 7,437 7,628 8,162 8,111 8,101 7,785 7,860 7,964

Slack work or business conditions

4,910 4,715 4,832 5,105 5,120 5,106 4,747 4,896 4,998

Could only find part-time work

2,613 2,517 2,611 2,631 2,632 2,665 2,714 2,556 2,601

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

19,058 18,848 18,866 18,527 18,696 18,779 18,935 18,696 18,432

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

144,039 144,651 144,144 143,328 144,058 144,285 144,170 144,303 143,568

16 to 19 years

4,306 4,376 4,289 4,469 4,469 4,469 4,410 4,578 4,443

16 to 17 years

1,459 1,519 1,529 1,448 1,451 1,460 1,412 1,465 1,494

18 to 19 years

2,848 2,857 2,761 3,032 3,027 3,034 3,014 3,089 2,939

20 years and over

139,732 140,275 139,855 138,858 139,589 139,816 139,760 139,726 139,124

20 to 24 years

13,535 13,667 13,686 13,549 13,605 13,654 13,543 13,676 13,654

25 years and over

126,197 126,608 126,169 125,285 125,978 126,087 126,205 126,009 125,372

25 to 54 years

95,089 94,997 94,553 94,328 94,461 94,476 94,424 94,512 93,898

25 to 34 years

31,161 31,440 31,391 30,918 31,217 31,176 31,143 31,272 31,158

35 to 44 years

30,892 30,906 30,745 30,668 30,570 30,686 30,779 30,770 30,544

45 to 54 years

33,036 32,651 32,417 32,742 32,675 32,613 32,502 32,470 32,196

55 years and over

31,108 31,611 31,616 30,957 31,517 31,612 31,781 31,498 31,474

Men, 16 years and over

76,498 76,750 76,403 76,027 76,447 76,466 76,164 76,452 76,074

16 to 19 years

2,082 2,223 2,113 2,182 2,171 2,138 2,155 2,309 2,205

16 to 17 years

684 740 717 719 696 679 670 714 725

18 to 19 years

1,398 1,483 1,396 1,467 1,495 1,457 1,508 1,576 1,475

20 years and over

74,416 74,527 74,290 73,845 74,276 74,328 74,010 74,143 73,869

20 to 24 years

7,081 7,035 6,990 7,096 6,952 7,037 6,956 7,041 6,977

25 years and over

67,335 67,491 67,300 66,790 67,331 67,270 67,122 67,098 66,862

25 to 54 years

50,817 50,725 50,558 50,342 50,672 50,592 50,388 50,439 50,196

25 to 34 years

16,937 17,037 16,992 16,715 16,944 16,849 16,791 16,898 16,797

35 to 44 years

16,661 16,628 16,622 16,527 16,602 16,597 16,571 16,544 16,515

45 to 54 years

17,219 17,060 16,944 17,100 17,125 17,146 17,026 16,998 16,884

55 years and over

16,518 16,766 16,742 16,447 16,659 16,678 16,733 16,658 16,666

Women, 16 years and over

67,540 67,901 67,741 67,301 67,612 67,819 68,005 67,851 67,494

16 to 19 years

2,224 2,153 2,176 2,287 2,298 2,330 2,255 2,268 2,239

16 to 17 years

775 779 812 729 755 781 741 751 769

18 to 19 years

1,450 1,374 1,364 1,565 1,532 1,577 1,506 1,513 1,464

20 years and over

65,316 65,748 65,565 65,014 65,314 65,489 65,750 65,582 65,255

20 to 24 years

6,454 6,632 6,696 6,453 6,653 6,617 6,588 6,635 6,678

25 years and over

58,862 59,116 58,869 58,496 58,647 58,817 59,084 58,912 58,510

25 to 54 years

44,272 44,272 43,995 43,986 43,790 43,884 44,036 44,072 43,702

25 to 34 years

14,224 14,403 14,399 14,203 14,272 14,327 14,353 14,374 14,362

35 to 44 years

14,231 14,278 14,123 14,141 13,968 14,089 14,208 14,226 14,029

45 to 54 years

15,816 15,591 15,473 15,643 15,550 15,467 15,476 15,472 15,311

55 years and over

14,590 14,845 14,874 14,510 14,857 14,934 15,048 14,840 14,808

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

44,484 44,130 44,162 44,134 43,963 43,914 43,988 43,744 43,778

Married women, spouse present

34,716 34,638 34,449 34,561 34,672 34,622 34,755 34,564 34,306

Women who maintain families

9,442 9,337 9,381 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(1)

116,045 117,308 116,798 115,469 115,998 116,090 116,208 116,899 116,276

Part-time workers(2)

27,993 27,343 27,346 27,869 28,059 28,233 27,999 27,405 27,278

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

6,976 6,952 6,989 6,927 7,065 7,036 7,065 7,030 6,969

Percent of total employed

4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

5,383 5,310 5,423 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,532 9,486 9,292 9,570 9,432 9,673 9,498 9,406 9,325

Footnotes
(1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

12,248 11,255 11,272 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.3

16 to 19 years

1,387 1,248 1,269 23.7 24.0 23.7 22.7 21.4 22.2

16 to 17 years

489 508 475 25.3 26.5 29.1 26.3 25.8 24.1

18 to 19 years

889 765 788 22.7 22.6 19.9 21.7 19.9 21.1

20 years and over

10,861 10,008 10,002 7.3 6.9 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7

20 to 24 years

2,058 2,021 1,945 13.2 13.5 12.6 13.0 12.9 12.5

25 years and over

8,845 7,986 8,095 6.6 6.2 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.1

25 to 54 years

6,933 6,233 6,304 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.3

25 to 34 years

2,760 2,502 2,437 8.2 7.6 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.3

35 to 44 years

2,060 1,826 1,864 6.3 5.9 6.0 5.7 5.6 5.8

45 to 54 years

2,113 1,905 2,003 6.1 5.7 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.9

55 years and over

1,921 1,763 1,808 5.8 5.3 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.4

Men, 16 years and over

6,634 6,401 6,274 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6

16 to 19 years

800 748 723 26.8 28.0 27.4 25.0 24.5 24.7

16 to 17 years

284 285 224 28.3 30.8 32.5 26.6 28.5 23.6

18 to 19 years

527 470 498 26.4 25.8 24.0 25.2 23.0 25.2

20 years and over

5,834 5,654 5,551 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.0

20 to 24 years

1,139 1,220 1,145 13.8 15.0 14.1 14.4 14.8 14.1

25 years and over

4,742 4,451 4,443 6.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.2

25 to 54 years

3,674 3,473 3,444 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.4 6.4

25 to 34 years

1,474 1,435 1,369 8.1 7.4 7.7 8.5 7.8 7.5

35 to 44 years

1,060 1,001 999 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.7

45 to 54 years

1,141 1,037 1,076 6.3 5.8 5.5 5.6 5.7 6.0

55 years and over

1,069 978 999 6.1 5.5 5.6 5.4 5.5 5.7

Women, 16 years and over

5,614 4,854 4,998 7.7 7.3 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.9

16 to 19 years

587 500 547 20.4 19.7 20.0 20.4 18.1 19.6

16 to 17 years

205 224 251 22.0 22.0 25.8 26.0 22.9 24.6

18 to 19 years

362 295 290 18.8 19.1 15.8 17.9 16.3 16.5

20 years and over

5,027 4,354 4,451 7.2 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.4

20 to 24 years

918 802 800 12.5 11.9 10.8 11.4 10.8 10.7

25 years and over

4,103 3,535 3,652 6.6 6.2 6.0 5.7 5.7 5.9

25 to 54 years

3,260 2,760 2,860 6.9 6.5 6.5 6.0 5.9 6.1

25 to 34 years

1,287 1,067 1,068 8.3 7.9 7.4 7.1 6.9 6.9

35 to 44 years

1,000 824 865 6.6 6.2 6.2 5.7 5.5 5.8

45 to 54 years

973 868 927 5.9 5.6 5.9 5.3 5.3 5.7

55 years and over(1)

842 804 800 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.2 5.1 5.1

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

2,152 2,031 2,078 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.5

Married women, spouse present

1,855 1,588 1,679 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.2 4.4 4.7

Women who maintain families(1)

1,231 896 982 11.5 10.7 10.5 11.0 8.8 9.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(2)

10,427 9,594 9,693 8.3 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.7

Part-time workers(3)

1,840 1,693 1,579 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.6 5.8 5.5

Footnotes
(1) Not seasonally adjusted.
(2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

6,125 5,470 5,649 6,536 6,119 5,921 5,970 5,844 6,253

On temporary layoff

741 732 1,059 1,077 1,199 1,221 1,062 1,087 1,535

Not on temporary layoff

5,383 4,738 4,590 5,460 4,920 4,700 4,908 4,758 4,717

Permanent job losers

4,212 3,536 3,478 4,261 3,700 3,589 3,714 3,569 3,556

Persons who completed temporary jobs

1,171 1,201 1,112 1,199 1,220 1,111 1,194 1,188 1,161

Job leavers

1,065 1,068 883 1,009 1,030 979 893 989 861

Reentrants

3,295 3,206 3,071 3,319 3,291 3,258 3,129 3,181 3,117

New entrants

1,255 1,140 1,171 1,302 1,259 1,254 1,299 1,222 1,223

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

52.2 50.3 52.4 53.7 52.3 51.9 52.9 52.0 54.6

On temporary layoff

6.3 6.7 9.8 8.8 10.2 10.7 9.4 9.7 13.4

Not on temporary layoff

45.9 43.5 42.6 44.9 42.1 41.2 43.5 42.3 41.2

Job leavers

9.1 9.8 8.2 8.3 8.8 8.6 7.9 8.8 7.5

Reentrants

28.1 29.5 28.5 27.3 28.1 28.5 27.7 28.3 27.2

New entrants

10.7 10.5 10.9 10.7 10.8 11.0 11.5 10.9 10.7

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

3.9 3.5 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0

Job leavers

0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants

2.1 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0

New entrants

0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,413 2,588 2,585 2,633 2,692 2,563 2,563 2,596 2,761

5 to 14 weeks

2,647 2,527 2,460 2,847 2,864 2,869 2,766 2,703 2,656

15 weeks and over

6,680 5,770 5,729 6,829 6,225 6,034 5,984 5,950 5,846

15 to 26 weeks

1,766 1,683 1,772 1,813 1,896 1,788 1,694 1,804 1,782

27 weeks and over

4,915 4,087 3,957 5,017 4,328 4,246 4,290 4,146 4,063

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

40.9 37.6 36.5 39.9 35.6 36.6 37.0 36.9 36.1

Median duration, in weeks

20.3 16.6 16.8 19.6 16.3 15.7 16.4 16.3 16.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

20.6 23.8 24.0 21.4 22.9 22.4 22.7 23.1 24.5

5 to 14 weeks

22.5 23.2 22.8 23.1 24.3 25.0 24.4 24.0 23.6

15 weeks and over

56.9 53.0 53.2 55.5 52.8 52.6 52.9 52.9 51.9

15 to 26 weeks

15.0 15.5 16.4 14.7 16.1 15.6 15.0 16.0 15.8

27 weeks and over

41.9 37.6 36.7 40.8 36.7 37.0 37.9 36.9 36.1

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013

Total, 16 years and over(1)

144,039 144,144 11,741 10,773 7.5 7.0

Management, professional, and related occupations

55,223 55,155 2,170 1,930 3.8 3.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

22,998 22,842 848 880 3.6 3.7

Professional and related occupations

32,225 32,314 1,323 1,050 3.9 3.1

Service occupations

25,341 25,951 2,529 2,217 9.1 7.9

Sales and office occupations

33,139 32,966 2,555 2,535 7.2 7.1

Sales and related occupations

15,662 15,408 1,187 1,214 7.0 7.3

Office and administrative support occupations

17,477 17,558 1,368 1,321 7.3 7.0

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

13,206 12,995 1,489 1,257 10.1 8.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

1,004 1,021 122 150 10.9 12.8

Construction and extraction occupations

7,195 7,037 1,034 826 12.6 10.5

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

5,008 4,937 332 280 6.2 5.4

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

17,130 17,077 1,693 1,619 9.0 8.7

Production occupations

8,723 8,421 830 707 8.7 7.7

Transportation and material moving occupations

8,407 8,656 863 912 9.3 9.5

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013

Total, 16 years and over(1)

11,741 10,773 7.5 7.0

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

8,892 8,011 7.3 6.6

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

61 67 6.1 6.1

Construction

930 733 11.4 9.0

Manufacturing

1,102 956 7.0 6.2

Durable goods

672 609 6.8 6.1

Nondurable goods

430 348 7.4 6.3

Wholesale and retail trade

1,457 1,355 7.1 6.8

Transportation and utilities

376 390 6.6 6.4

Information

215 217 7.7 7.9

Financial activities

442 442 4.9 4.6

Professional and business services

1,252 1,208 8.1 7.5

Education and health services

1,244 946 5.5 4.2

Leisure and hospitality

1,352 1,185 9.9 8.8

Other services

460 511 6.7 7.7

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

146 163 9.5 10.7

Government workers

907 920 4.2 4.4

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

540 509 5.3 5.1

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2012
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
June
2013
July
2013
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013
Oct.
2013

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

4.3 3.7 3.7 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

3.9 3.5 3.6 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

7.5 7.0 7.0 7.9 7.6 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.3

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

8.0 7.5 7.4 8.4 8.2 8.0 7.8 7.7 7.8

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

9.0 8.4 8.3 9.3 9.1 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.6

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

13.9 13.1 13.2 14.5 14.3 14.0 13.7 13.6 13.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013
Oct.
2012
Oct.
2013

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

88,204 91,463 34,995 36,654 53,209 54,809

Persons who currently want a job

6,142 5,683 2,666 2,659 3,476 3,025

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

2,433 2,283 1,144 1,267 1,289 1,016

Discouraged workers(2)

813 815 460 542 353 273

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,620 1,468 684 725 936 743

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

6,976 6,989 3,427 3,428 3,550 3,562

Percent of total employed

4.8 4.8 4.5 4.5 5.3 5.3

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

3,633 3,645 2,027 2,028 1,607 1,617

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,899 2,074 603 725 1,296 1,348

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

253 232 159 146 95 86

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,150 1,014 613 518 537 496

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)
Change from:
Sept.2013 - Oct.2013(p)

Total nonfarm

135,241 136,002 136,600 137,540 134,225 136,187 136,350 136,554 204

Total private

112,987 115,239 114,855 115,308 112,337 114,330 114,480 114,692 212

Goods-producing

18,712 19,041 18,982 18,980 18,421 18,645 18,672 18,707 35

Mining and logging

852 895 894 895 841 877 882 887 5

Logging

53.1 53.5 54.5 54.2 50.8 51.0 51.5 51.7 0.2

Mining

799.3 841.6 839.3 840.7 790.5 825.9 830.9 835.1 4.2

Oil and gas extraction

187.8 199.1 197.8 198.1 188.2 196.5 197.5 198.7 1.2

Mining, except oil and gas(1)

223.9 228.0 226.5 226.3 219.0 221.0 221.9 222.9 1.0

Coal mining

82.8 86.0 85.4 85.8 83.1 85.8 85.8 86.4 0.6

Support activities for mining

387.6 414.5 415.0 416.3 383.3 408.4 411.5 413.5 2.0

Construction

5,880 6,086 6,055 6,056 5,649 5,805 5,823 5,834 11

Construction of buildings

1,272.4 1,306.3 1,303.2 1,316.2 1,235.0 1,265.7 1,273.1 1,279.5 6.4

Residential building

587.0 610.0 604.6 609.7 570.8 587.1 588.7 593.2 4.5

Nonresidential building

685.4 696.3 698.6 706.5 664.2 678.6 684.4 686.3 1.9

Heavy and civil engineering construction

943.6 961.4 963.9 959.7 879.1 893.3 895.1 895.3 0.2

Specialty trade contractors

3,663.6 3,818.1 3,788.2 3,779.8 3,535.3 3,646.3 3,654.5 3,659.3 4.8

Residential specialty trade contractors

1,539.9 1,640.8 1,625.0 1,618.4 1,481.6 1,559.1 1,562.5 1,562.8 0.3

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,123.7 2,177.3 2,163.2 2,161.4 2,053.7 2,087.2 2,092.0 2,096.5 4.5

Manufacturing

11,980 12,060 12,033 12,029 11,931 11,963 11,967 11,986 19

Durable goods

7,480 7,556 7,543 7,550 7,466 7,520 7,530 7,542 12

Wood products

340.1 353.1 350.1 352.5 339.0 348.3 348.7 351.8 3.1

Nonmetallic mineral products

367.1 379.1 376.9 376.8 360.8 370.2 370.4 370.8 0.4

Primary metals

402.3 394.3 393.5 391.2 401.5 392.7 392.1 390.5 -1.6

Fabricated metal products

1,421.1 1,444.2 1,445.6 1,448.5 1,416.2 1,437.3 1,442.9 1,446.0 3.1

Machinery

1,097.5 1,104.1 1,104.8 1,105.4 1,097.1 1,102.4 1,106.4 1,106.1 -0.3

Computer and electronic products(1)

1,087.3 1,087.2 1,082.2 1,077.6 1,088.4 1,082.3 1,082.4 1,079.2 -3.2

Computer and peripheral equipment

157.8 165.0 164.4 163.4 158.3 164.2 164.4 164.0 -0.4

Communications equipment

108.2 106.3 104.8 104.4 108.2 106.2 105.0 104.8 -0.2

Semiconductors and electronic components

382.6 381.0 379.4 376.7 382.9 378.7 378.8 376.8 -2.0

Electronic instruments

397.7 395.8 394.6 394.1 398.1 394.2 395.1 394.8 -0.3

Electrical equipment and appliances

369.5 363.5 363.9 365.6 370.2 363.5 364.2 365.7 1.5

Transportation equipment(1)

1,464.8 1,491.0 1,494.4 1,497.6 1,464.7 1,492.0 1,493.3 1,498.3 5.0

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

774.8 812.7 818.0 822.2 774.9 813.4 816.7 822.4 5.7

Furniture and related products

349.5 360.5 354.7 355.9 348.6 354.8 352.5 355.9 3.4

Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing

581.1 578.5 577.3 578.8 579.9 576.8 576.9 577.6 0.7

Nondurable goods

4,500 4,504 4,490 4,479 4,465 4,443 4,437 4,444 7

Food manufacturing

1,501.3 1,504.0 1,500.6 1,492.8 1,477.0 1,464.1 1,463.2 1,467.0 3.8

Textile mills

116.6 114.6 114.3 114.9 116.7 114.4 113.9 114.9 1.0

Textile product mills

117.3 115.3 114.5 114.2 116.7 114.3 114.1 113.6 -0.5

Apparel

147.5 140.7 141.0 140.7 146.7 141.1 140.4 140.3 -0.1

Paper and paper products

377.8 377.2 374.4 373.0 377.8 376.0 374.1 373.2 -0.9

Printing and related support activities

460.2 446.9 444.3 445.3 458.8 445.5 444.1 444.2 0.1

Petroleum and coal products

117.6 117.6 116.9 116.7 114.1 115.0 114.7 113.6 -1.1

Chemicals

785.3 796.6 792.0 792.6 786.1 793.8 791.8 794.1 2.3

Plastics and rubber products

648.3 659.8 658.9 655.1 647.7 654.0 654.8 655.5 0.7

Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing

228.1 231.3 233.3 233.5 223.2 225.0 225.6 227.9 2.3

Private service-providing

94,275 96,198 95,873 96,328 93,916 95,685 95,808 95,985 177

Trade, transportation, and utilities

25,684 26,006 26,015 26,187 25,623 26,025 26,091 26,130 39

Wholesale trade

5,713.8 5,798.7 5,792.0 5,797.9 5,699.0 5,775.2 5,789.5 5,784.1 -5.4

Durable goods

2,841.6 2,884.9 2,879.0 2,878.6 2,836.5 2,871.6 2,876.9 2,875.3 -1.6

Nondurable goods

1,992.1 2,013.7 2,015.0 2,017.2 1,984.2 2,007.1 2,014.5 2,009.4 -5.1

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

880.1 900.1 898.0 902.1 878.3 896.5 898.1 899.4 1.3

Retail trade

14,935.9 15,225.7 15,143.4 15,302.9 14,928.3 15,229.1 15,251.4 15,295.8 44.4

Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)

1,749.7 1,797.7 1,799.9 1,795.3 1,743.3 1,781.4 1,786.1 1,787.7 1.6

Automobile dealers

1,104.9 1,133.7 1,137.6 1,135.2 1,102.2 1,126.9 1,130.7 1,131.1 0.4

Furniture and home furnishings stores

449.1 443.4 443.2 458.0 441.5 450.6 451.1 452.7 1.6

Electronics and appliance stores

503.0 502.7 506.7 531.0 502.8 514.6 519.2 528.8 9.6

Building material and garden supply stores

1,147.7 1,207.8 1,189.5 1,189.1 1,169.7 1,197.7 1,203.1 1,209.8 6.7

Food and beverage stores

2,873.5 2,958.1 2,943.7 2,963.1 2,870.2 2,940.9 2,947.8 2,959.3 11.5

Health and personal care stores

1,017.8 1,029.5 1,034.1 1,040.2 1,019.7 1,033.3 1,039.5 1,041.2 1.7

Gasoline stations

843.2 873.8 867.7 869.8 841.5 860.9 862.9 868.1 5.2

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

1,431.7 1,462.7 1,415.5 1,424.8 1,426.3 1,454.2 1,440.8 1,428.3 -12.5

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

578.2 583.7 584.4 594.5 579.6 583.2 585.6 594.0 8.4

General merchandise stores(1)

3,066.3 3,108.4 3,099.0 3,149.6 3,080.1 3,148.1 3,154.8 3,162.6 7.8

Department stores

1,465.1 1,463.4 1,454.0 1,479.7 1,481.8 1,494.6 1,495.5 1,496.4 0.9

Miscellaneous store retailers

822.1 814.3 810.7 817.4 812.0 812.3 807.1 806.1 -1.0

Nonstore retailers

453.6 443.6 449.0 470.1 441.6 451.9 453.4 457.2 3.8

Transportation and warehousing

4,477.8 4,423.7 4,524.6 4,530.4 4,438.8 4,464.1 4,493.6 4,493.6 0.0

Air transportation

454.3 447.5 445.9 444.2 455.5 444.0 444.6 444.8 0.2

Rail transportation

229.8 230.3 230.3 230.3 229.3 229.1 230.5 230.2 -0.3

Water transportation

64.2 64.6 63.6 63.3 63.6 62.3 62.4 62.5 0.1

Truck transportation

1,380.9 1,409.4 1,405.8 1,401.8 1,362.9 1,383.2 1,384.5 1,384.9 0.4

Transit and ground passenger transportation

475.6 382.1 484.9 490.1 456.7 450.2 474.0 472.3 -1.7

Pipeline transportation

44.1 45.5 45.3 45.6 44.2 45.4 45.3 45.6 0.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

27.5 33.2 30.8 27.1 26.7 25.8 26.0 26.2 0.2

Support activities for transportation

585.7 592.4 590.3 592.4 582.9 592.4 591.4 589.7 -1.7

Couriers and messengers

517.3 523.5 524.8 525.4 526.3 536.5 536.3 537.2 0.9

Warehousing and storage

698.4 695.2 702.9 710.2 690.7 695.2 698.6 700.2 1.6

Utilities

556.0 558.2 555.3 556.2 556.8 556.3 556.3 556.7 0.4

Information

2,664 2,683 2,665 2,676 2,671 2,679 2,683 2,688 5

Publishing industries, except Internet

738.1 730.0 727.2 727.1 736.4 726.3 725.9 724.7 -1.2

Motion picture and sound recording industries

360.6 363.6 354.6 358.0 368.3 362.9 369.0 371.8 2.8

Broadcasting, except Internet

284.3 285.2 287.1 288.6 283.4 286.6 286.6 287.9 1.3

Telecommunications

854.0 862.3 858.1 859.7 855.2 863.0 861.1 860.8 -0.3

Data processing, hosting and related services

250.4 255.2 253.8 254.3 251.0 255.2 255.1 254.9 -0.2

Other information services

176.5 186.8 184.4 188.0 176.5 185.1 185.2 187.7 2.5

Financial activities

7,820 7,956 7,906 7,911 7,817 7,904 7,903 7,910 7

Finance and insurance

5,855.9 5,917.9 5,895.0 5,906.3 5,858.5 5,908.3 5,906.0 5,909.8 3.8

Monetary authorities - central bank

17.3 17.0 16.8 16.9 17.2 16.8 16.7 16.8 0.1

Credit intermediation and related
activities(1)

2,591.6 2,614.2 2,597.7 2,593.9 2,595.8 2,608.7 2,602.0 2,599.2 -2.8

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,735.9 1,734.3 1,721.6 1,719.4 1,739.1 1,729.2 1,726.6 1,724.3 -2.3

Commercial banking

1,315.2 1,300.5 1,291.5 1,289.6 1,317.9 1,297.1 1,295.2 1,292.4 -2.8

Securities, commodity contracts, investments

817.9 834.1 830.0 836.2 816.5 832.8 833.5 835.2 1.7

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,342.5 2,365.8 2,364.9 2,373.5 2,342.3 2,363.7 2,367.8 2,372.6 4.8

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles

86.6 86.8 85.6 85.8 86.7 86.3 86.0 86.0 0.0

Real estate and rental and leasing

1,963.8 2,038.2 2,010.5 2,005.1 1,958.9 1,995.9 1,997.4 2,000.4 3.0

Real estate

1,422.8 1,477.1 1,457.8 1,458.3 1,419.0 1,450.4 1,451.3 1,455.0 3.7

Rental and leasing services

517.1 537.8 529.8 524.3 516.0 522.4 523.3 522.9 -0.4

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

23.9 23.3 22.9 22.5 23.9 23.1 22.8 22.5 -0.3

Professional and business services

18,239 18,770 18,743 18,884 18,062 18,630 18,662 18,706 44

Professional and technical services(1)

7,932.1 8,111.7 8,068.8 8,146.0 7,963.2 8,148.0 8,154.8 8,176.2 21.4

Legal services

1,125.9 1,130.0 1,124.0 1,130.2 1,125.1 1,128.9 1,130.1 1,129.2 -0.9

Accounting and bookkeeping services

849.8 873.7 871.6 887.4 920.8 947.3 949.0 956.0 7.0

Architectural and engineering services

1,337.8 1,376.6 1,367.2 1,373.1 1,329.8 1,358.6 1,360.4 1,365.4 5.0

Computer systems design and related services

1,652.3 1,705.9 1,693.4 1,708.2 1,644.7 1,700.1 1,698.4 1,701.6 3.2

Management and technical consulting services

1,147.3 1,196.1 1,194.6 1,214.5 1,137.6 1,192.9 1,197.1 1,204.8 7.7

Management of companies and enterprises

2,018.6 2,057.6 2,049.5 2,057.5 2,019.8 2,051.1 2,050.9 2,058.2 7.3

Administrative and waste services

8,288.2 8,600.4 8,625.0 8,680.1 8,079.1 8,431.3 8,456.6 8,472.0 15.4

Administrative and support services(1)

7,912.7 8,213.8 8,242.7 8,300.6 7,706.4 8,052.3 8,077.4 8,094.1 16.7

Employment services(1)

3,308.0 3,453.9 3,503.7 3,547.6 3,174.7 3,394.8 3,410.6 3,416.0 5.4

Temporary help services

2,648.2 2,759.9 2,816.8 2,850.7 2,530.4 2,723.0 2,734.4 2,737.7 3.3

Business support services

845.5 843.9 851.1 868.8 836.1 853.3 854.9 857.1 2.2

Services to buildings and dwellings

1,886.5 1,991.6 1,955.3 1,940.2 1,839.0 1,892.1 1,890.8 1,893.0 2.2

Waste management and remediation services

375.5 386.6 382.3 379.5 372.7 379.0 379.2 377.9 -1.3

Education and health services

20,616 20,420 20,661 20,948 20,446 20,742 20,748 20,771 23

Educational services

3,503.8 3,084.1 3,321.8 3,535.4 3,367.7 3,384.0 3,381.2 3,387.0 5.8

Health care and social assistance

17,112.0 17,335.4 17,339.0 17,412.4 17,077.8 17,358.1 17,366.8 17,384.3 17.5

Health care(3)

14,413.8 14,635.9 14,592.2 14,639.3 14,391.8 14,611.9 14,609.4 14,624.4 15.0

Ambulatory health care services(1)

6,402.2 6,559.6 6,554.9 6,588.3 6,381.2 6,554.3 6,561.4 6,572.4 11.0

Offices of physicians

2,420.2 2,445.5 2,443.6 2,459.0 2,411.5 2,445.2 2,447.2 2,450.7 3.5

Outpatient care centers

663.2 698.1 698.9 702.2 662.4 697.9 701.4 701.9 0.5

Home health care services

1,224.5 1,294.9 1,300.0 1,303.2 1,218.9 1,295.2 1,298.2 1,301.0 2.8

Hospitals

4,811.8 4,836.1 4,829.0 4,837.0 4,811.2 4,832.8 4,834.2 4,836.4 2.2

Nursing and residential care facilities(1)

3,199.8 3,240.2 3,208.3 3,214.0 3,199.4 3,224.8 3,213.8 3,215.6 1.8

Nursing care facilities

1,663.4 1,670.4 1,654.0 1,654.0 1,663.4 1,663.8 1,654.8 1,654.8 0.0

Social assistance(1)

2,698.2 2,699.5 2,746.8 2,773.1 2,686.0 2,746.2 2,757.4 2,759.9 2.5

Child day care services

873.5 808.6 861.1 873.7 860.9 854.5 858.3 858.1 -0.2

Leisure and hospitality

13,796 14,837 14,402 14,227 13,840 14,218 14,231 14,284 53

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,933.8 2,291.6 2,078.8 1,997.0 1,972.5 2,025.2 2,020.8 2,037.0 16.2

Performing arts and spectator sports

411.1 451.3 438.8 437.3 405.9 423.3 424.2 432.4 8.2

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

136.2 144.9 139.3 138.4 136.0 134.6 137.4 138.3 0.9

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

1,386.5 1,695.4 1,500.7 1,421.3 1,430.6 1,467.3 1,459.2 1,466.3 7.1

Accommodation and food services

11,862.4 12,544.9 12,323.2 12,229.7 11,867.9 12,192.5 12,210.1 12,247.3 37.2

Accommodation

1,808.3 1,972.1 1,872.9 1,831.3 1,818.4 1,835.0 1,833.0 1,840.9 7.9

Food services and drinking places

10,054.1 10,572.8 10,450.3 10,398.4 10,049.5 10,357.5 10,377.1 10,406.4 29.3

Other services

5,456 5,526 5,481 5,495 5,457 5,487 5,490 5,496 6

Repair and maintenance

1,197.7 1,201.8 1,205.0 1,201.1 1,195.6 1,198.0 1,200.1 1,198.4 -1.7

Personal and laundry services

1,318.7 1,345.4 1,344.6 1,348.4 1,321.3 1,339.8 1,345.0 1,350.3 5.3

Membership associations and organizations

2,939.5 2,979.1 2,931.2 2,945.4 2,939.9 2,949.1 2,945.0 2,946.9 1.9

Government

22,254 20,763 21,745 22,232 21,888 21,857 21,870 21,862 -8

Federal

2,808.0 2,742.0 2,733.0 2,712.0 2,807.0 2,730.0 2,725.0 2,713.0 -12.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,196.9 2,151.7 2,142.8 2,121.3 2,199.4 2,139.3 2,133.8 2,125.6 -8.2

U.S. Postal Service

611.5 590.3 590.0 590.6 607.2 590.7 591.3 586.9 -4.4

State government

5,203.0 4,759.0 5,073.0 5,212.0 5,052.0 5,033.0 5,046.0 5,053.0 7.0

State government education

2,554.6 2,088.4 2,421.2 2,560.4 2,394.6 2,378.0 2,389.3 2,391.4 2.1

State government, excluding education

2,648.1 2,670.4 2,652.0 2,651.8 2,657.6 2,655.0 2,656.6 2,661.6 5.0

Local government

14,243.0 13,262.0 13,939.0 14,308.0 14,029.0 14,094.0 14,099.0 14,096.0 -3.0

Local government education

8,006.9 6,800.5 7,654.5 8,058.1 7,756.1 7,808.9 7,812.8 7,810.3 -2.5

Local government, excluding education

6,236.2 6,461.7 6,284.0 6,249.9 6,272.7 6,285.4 6,285.7 6,285.8 0.1

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.3 34.5 34.4 34.4

Goods-producing

40.1 40.5 40.5 40.4

Mining and logging

43.4 44.1 44.3 44.0

Construction

38.7 39.1 39.1 38.9

Manufacturing

40.5 40.9 40.9 40.9

Durable goods

40.7 41.2 41.3 41.3

Nondurable goods

40.2 40.3 40.2 40.1

Private service-providing

33.2 33.3 33.2 33.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.4 34.5 34.4 34.5

Wholesale trade

38.5 38.9 38.6 38.8

Retail trade

31.4 31.4 31.3 31.3

Transportation and warehousing

38.4 38.7 38.7 38.8

Utilities

41.6 42.3 42.4 42.1

Information

36.2 36.8 36.7 36.7

Financial activities

37.1 37.2 37.1 37.1

Professional and business services

35.8 36.1 36.0 36.0

Education and health services

32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8

Leisure and hospitality

26.0 26.0 25.9 25.9

Other services

31.5 31.7 31.7 31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4

Durable goods

3.1 3.4 3.4 3.4

Nondurable goods

3.4 3.4 3.3 3.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)

Total private

$23.58 $24.05 $24.08 $24.10 $808.79 $829.73 $828.35 $829.04

Goods-producing

24.72 25.26 25.32 25.35 991.27 1,023.03 1,025.46 1,024.14

Mining and logging

28.64 29.83 30.01 30.14 1,242.98 1,315.50 1,329.44 1,326.16

Construction

25.84 26.22 26.21 26.23 1,000.01 1,025.20 1,024.81 1,020.35

Manufacturing

23.92 24.46 24.54 24.56 968.76 1,000.41 1,003.69 1,004.50

Durable goods

25.29 25.85 25.94 25.96 1,029.30 1,065.02 1,071.32 1,072.15

Nondurable goods

21.60 22.05 22.09 22.11 868.32 888.62 888.02 886.61

Private service-providing

23.31 23.77 23.79 23.80 773.89 791.54 789.83 792.54

Trade, transportation, and utilities

20.58 21.05 21.05 21.10 707.95 726.23 724.12 727.95

Wholesale trade

27.00 27.72 27.85 27.88 1,039.50 1,078.31 1,075.01 1,081.74

Retail trade

16.41 16.71 16.65 16.69 515.27 524.69 521.15 522.40

Transportation and warehousing

21.93 22.45 22.47 22.60 842.11 868.82 869.59 876.88

Utilities

34.21 35.16 35.36 35.08 1,423.14 1,487.27 1,499.26 1,476.87

Information

31.70 32.75 33.04 33.12 1,147.54 1,205.20 1,212.57 1,215.50

Financial activities

29.51 30.38 30.38 30.36 1,094.82 1,130.14 1,127.10 1,126.36

Professional and business services

28.10 28.51 28.52 28.54 1,005.98 1,029.21 1,026.72 1,027.44

Education and health services

24.29 24.70 24.70 24.71 796.71 810.16 810.16 810.49

Leisure and hospitality

13.39 13.52 13.53 13.50 348.14 351.52 350.43 349.65

Other services

20.98 21.34 21.43 21.49 660.87 676.48 679.33 681.23

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2013 - Oct.
2013(p)
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2013 - Oct.
2013(p)

Total private

96.5 98.8 98.6 98.8 0.2 108.5 113.3 113.3 113.6 0.3

Goods-producing

84.2 86.0 86.2 86.1 -0.1 94.0 98.2 98.6 98.7 0.1

Mining and logging

114.7 121.5 122.8 122.6 -0.2 131.9 145.6 147.9 148.4 0.3

Construction

75.4 78.2 78.5 78.2 -0.4 84.6 89.1 89.4 89.2 -0.2

Manufacturing

86.9 88.0 88.1 88.2 0.1 96.7 100.1 100.5 100.7 0.2

Durable goods

85.6 87.2 87.6 87.7 0.1 96.1 100.1 100.9 101.1 0.2

Nondurable goods

89.6 89.4 89.0 88.9 -0.1 98.2 100.0 99.8 99.8 0.0

Private service-providing

100.1 102.3 102.1 102.6 0.5 113.0 117.8 117.7 118.3 0.5

Trade, transportation, and utilities

95.9 97.7 97.6 98.0 0.4 106.2 110.6 110.6 111.3 0.6

Wholesale trade

95.7 98.0 97.5 97.9 0.4 107.9 113.4 113.3 113.9 0.5

Retail trade

95.2 97.1 97.0 97.3 0.3 103.3 107.3 106.7 107.3 0.6

Transportation and warehousing

97.6 98.9 99.5 99.8 0.3 108.6 112.6 113.5 114.4 0.8

Utilities

100.2 101.8 102.1 101.4 -0.7 113.3 118.3 119.2 117.5 -1.4

Information

88.3 90.0 89.9 90.1 0.2 99.7 105.0 105.8 106.2 0.4

Financial activities

95.0 96.3 96.0 96.1 0.1 109.3 114.1 113.8 113.8 0.0

Professional and business services

101.7 105.8 105.7 105.9 0.2 115.8 122.2 122.1 122.5 0.3

Education and health services

109.2 110.8 110.8 110.9 0.1 124.2 128.2 128.2 128.4 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

102.7 105.5 105.2 105.6 0.4 110.9 115.1 114.8 115.0 0.2

Other services

95.2 96.4 96.4 96.5 0.1 113.4 116.7 117.3 117.7 0.3

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)

Total nonfarm

66,285 67,311 67,396 67,486 49.4 49.4 49.4 49.4

Total private

53,822 54,832 54,885 54,974 47.9 48.0 47.9 47.9

Goods-producing

4,098 4,101 4,103 4,113 22.2 22.0 22.0 22.0

Mining and logging

113 118 117 118 13.4 13.5 13.3 13.3

Construction

728 742 742 743 12.9 12.8 12.7 12.7

Manufacturing

3,257 3,241 3,244 3,252 27.3 27.1 27.1 27.1

Durable goods

1,729 1,733 1,736 1,740 23.2 23.0 23.1 23.1

Nondurable goods

1,528 1,508 1,508 1,512 34.2 33.9 34.0 34.0

Private service-providing

49,724 50,731 50,782 50,861 52.9 53.0 53.0 53.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

10,368 10,600 10,633 10,649 40.5 40.7 40.8 40.8

Wholesale trade

1,710.3 1,719.5 1,727.2 1,717.2 30.0 29.8 29.8 29.7

Retail trade

7,482.3 7,691.9 7,706.0 7,733.6 50.1 50.5 50.5 50.6

Transportation and warehousing

1,036.3 1,051.3 1,062.2 1,060.3 23.3 23.6 23.6 23.6

Utilities

138.9 137.3 137.9 137.4 24.9 24.7 24.8 24.7

Information

1,072 1,069 1,070 1,073 40.1 39.9 39.9 39.9

Financial activities

4,539 4,544 4,545 4,543 58.1 57.5 57.5 57.4

Professional and business services

7,975 8,320 8,338 8,362 44.2 44.7 44.7 44.7

Education and health services

15,687 15,910 15,914 15,917 76.7 76.7 76.7 76.6

Leisure and hospitality

7,212 7,399 7,395 7,427 52.1 52.0 52.0 52.0

Other services

2,871 2,889 2,887 2,890 52.6 52.7 52.6 52.6

Government

12,463 12,479 12,511 12,512 56.9 57.1 57.2 57.2

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)

Total private

92,886 94,424 94,513 94,730

Goods-producing

13,269 13,392 13,416 13,455

Mining and logging

637 645 650 654

Construction

4,233 4,381 4,396 4,410

Manufacturing

8,399 8,366 8,370 8,391

Durable goods

5,145 5,158 5,166 5,180

Nondurable goods

3,254 3,208 3,204 3,211

Private service-providing

79,617 81,032 81,097 81,275

Trade, transportation, and utilities

21,758 22,017 22,063 22,097

Wholesale trade

4,591.9 4,654.7 4,663.9 4,665.4

Retail trade

12,868.9 13,052.2 13,068.8 13,097.1

Transportation and warehousing

3,852.9 3,860.2 3,881.0 3,883.5

Utilities

444.6 449.8 449.7 450.6

Information

2,163 2,175 2,179 2,182

Financial activities

6,023 6,085 6,081 6,083

Professional and business services

14,968 15,435 15,461 15,504

Education and health services

17,917 18,181 18,182 18,210

Leisure and hospitality

12,226 12,564 12,556 12,620

Other services

4,562 4,575 4,575 4,579

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.6 33.7 33.7 33.6

Goods-producing

41.0 41.4 41.4 41.3

Mining and logging

45.6 46.1 46.3 45.4

Construction

39.3 39.6 39.8 39.4

Manufacturing

41.5 41.9 41.9 41.9

Durable goods

41.7 42.3 42.3 42.4

Nondurable goods

41.1 41.3 41.1 41.2

Private service-providing

32.3 32.4 32.4 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.6 33.7 33.6 33.6

Wholesale trade

38.6 38.7 38.5 38.6

Retail trade

30.2 30.3 30.1 30.1

Transportation and warehousing

38.1 38.4 38.5 38.5

Utilities

40.7 41.7 42.2 41.1

Information

35.6 35.8 35.9 35.7

Financial activities

36.7 36.7 36.8 36.6

Professional and business services

35.0 35.3 35.3 35.3

Education and health services

32.3 32.1 32.1 32.1

Leisure and hospitality

24.9 25.0 24.9 24.9

Other services

30.5 30.6 30.6 30.5

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.1 4.4 4.3 4.4

Durable goods

4.1 4.4 4.4 4.5

Nondurable goods

4.1 4.3 4.2 4.3

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)

Total private

$19.82 $20.20 $20.24 $20.26 $665.95 $680.74 $682.09 $680.74

Goods-producing

20.97 21.27 21.29 21.31 859.77 880.58 881.41 880.10

Mining and logging

25.93 26.84 27.06 27.25 1,182.41 1,237.32 1,252.88 1,237.15

Construction

24.06 24.19 24.18 24.24 945.56 957.92 962.36 955.06

Manufacturing

19.08 19.35 19.36 19.37 791.82 810.77 811.18 811.60

Durable goods

20.15 20.41 20.42 20.42 840.26 863.34 863.77 865.81

Nondurable goods

17.36 17.60 17.59 17.62 713.50 726.88 722.95 725.94

Private service-providing

19.57 19.97 20.02 20.04 632.11 647.03 648.65 647.29

Trade, transportation, and utilities

17.47 17.77 17.84 17.86 586.99 598.85 599.42 600.10

Wholesale trade

22.23 22.67 22.74 22.78 858.08 877.33 875.49 879.31

Retail trade

13.87 14.03 14.09 14.10 418.87 425.11 424.11 424.41

Transportation and warehousing

19.48 19.99 19.96 20.06 742.19 767.62 768.46 772.31

Utilities

31.80 32.17 32.41 32.39 1,294.26 1,341.49 1,367.70 1,331.23

Information

27.06 27.88 27.90 27.98 963.34 998.10 1,001.61 998.89

Financial activities

23.06 24.11 24.15 24.21 846.30 884.84 888.72 886.09

Professional and business services

23.28 23.70 23.70 23.70 814.80 836.61 836.61 836.61

Education and health services

21.16 21.51 21.55 21.59 683.47 690.47 691.76 693.04

Leisure and hospitality

11.66 11.83 11.83 11.85 290.33 295.75 294.57 295.07

Other services

17.69 17.98 18.05 18.10 539.55 550.19 552.33 552.05

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2013 - Oct.
2013(p)
Oct.
2012
Aug.
2013
Sept.
2013(p)
Oct.
2013(p)
Percent change from:
Sept.
2013 - Oct.
2013(p)

Total private

104.2 106.2 106.3 106.2 -0.1 137.9 143.3 143.7 143.7 0.0

Goods-producing

83.1 84.7 84.9 84.9 0.0 106.8 110.4 110.7 110.8 0.1

Mining and logging

154.4 158.0 159.9 157.8 -1.3 232.8 246.7 251.7 250.1 -0.6

Construction

83.3 86.9 87.6 87.0 -0.7 108.2 113.5 114.4 113.9 -0.4

Manufacturing

80.0 80.5 80.5 80.7 0.2 99.8 101.8 101.9 102.2 0.3

Durable goods

80.6 82.0 82.1 82.5 0.5 101.4 104.5 104.7 105.2 0.5

Nondurable goods

78.8 78.1 77.6 77.9 0.4 96.7 97.1 96.4 97.1 0.7

Private service-providing

109.8 112.1 112.2 112.0 -0.2 147.2 153.3 153.9 153.9 0.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

101.9 103.4 103.3 103.5 0.2 127.0 131.1 131.5 131.9 0.3

Wholesale trade

104.4 106.1 105.7 106.1 0.4 136.7 141.7 141.6 142.3 0.5

Retail trade

98.4 100.1 99.6 99.8 0.2 116.9 120.4 120.2 120.6 0.3

Transportation and warehousing

110.5 111.6 112.5 112.5 0.0 136.5 141.5 142.4 143.2 0.6

Utilities

92.5 95.9 97.0 94.7 -2.4 122.8 128.8 131.3 128.0 -2.5

Information

87.9 88.9 89.3 88.9 -0.4 117.7 122.7 123.3 123.2 -0.1

Financial activities

104.1 105.1 105.3 104.8 -0.5 147.6 155.9 156.5 156.1 -0.3

Professional and business services

117.4 122.1 122.3 122.7 0.3 162.7 172.2 172.5 173.0 0.3

Education and health services

124.8 125.9 125.9 126.1 0.2 173.7 178.0 178.4 179.0 0.3

Leisure and hospitality

111.5 115.1 114.5 115.1 0.5 147.7 154.6 153.9 154.9 0.6

Other services

97.6 98.2 98.2 97.9 -0.3 125.8 128.6 129.1 129.2 0.1

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary


Last Modified Date: November 08, 2013