Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until                  USDL-15-0838
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 8, 2015

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                      THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- APRIL 2015


Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 223,000 in April, and the 
unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 5.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in professional and 
business services, health care, and construction. Mining employment 
continued to decline.

Household Survey Data

In April, both the unemployment rate (5.4 percent) and the number of 
unemployed persons (8.5 million) were essentially unchanged. Over the 
year, the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons were down 
by 0.8 percentage point and 1.1 million, respectively. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Asians increased 
to 4.4 percent. The rates for adult men (5.0 percent), adult women (4.9 
percent), teenagers (17.1 percent), whites (4.7 percent), blacks (9.6 
percent), and Hispanics (6.9 percent) showed little or no change in April. 
(See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks increased by 241,000 
to 2.7 million in April. The number of long-term unemployed (those 
jobless for 27 weeks or more) changed little at 2.5 million, accounting 
for 29.0 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, the number 
of long-term unemployed has decreased by 888,000. (See table A-12.)

In April, the civilian labor force participation rate (62.8 percent) 
changed little. Since April 2014, the participation rate has remained 
within a narrow range of 62.7 percent to 62.9 percent. The employment-
population ratio held at 59.3 percent in April and has been at this level 
since January. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes 
referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 6.6 
million in April, but is down by 880,000 from a year earlier. These 
individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working 
part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were 
unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In April, 2.1 million persons were marginally attached to the labor 
force, little changed over the year. (The data are not seasonally 
adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and 
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 
12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not 
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 756,000 discouraged workers 
in April, little different from a year earlier. (The data are not 
seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently 
looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. 
The remaining 1.4 million persons marginally attached to the labor 
force in April had not searched for work for reasons such as school 
attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 223,000 in April, after 
edging up in March (+85,000). In April, employment increased in 
professional and business services, health care, and construction, 
while employment in mining continued to decline. (See table B-1.)

Professional and business services added 62,000 jobs in April. 
Over the prior 3 months, job gains averaged 35,000 per month. In 
April, services to buildings and dwellings added 16,000 jobs, 
following little change in March. Employment continued to trend up 
in April in computer systems design and related services (+9,000), 
in business support services (+7,000), and in management and 
technical consulting services (+6,000).

Health care employment increased by 45,000 in April. Job growth was 
distributed among the three major components--ambulatory health care 
services (+25,000), hospitals (+12,000), and nursing and residential 
care facilities (+8,000). Over the past year, health care has added 
390,000 jobs.

Employment in construction rose by 45,000 in April, after changing 
little in March. Over the past 12 months, construction has added 
280,000 jobs. In April, job growth was concentrated in specialty 
trade contractors (+41,000), with employment gains about evenly 
split between the residential and nonresidential components. 
Employment declined over the month in nonresidential building 
construction (-8,000).

In April, employment continued to trend up in transportation and 
warehousing (+15,000).

Employment in mining fell by 15,000 in April, with most of the job 
loss in support activities for mining (-10,000) and in oil and gas 
extraction (-3,000). Since the beginning of the year, employment 
in mining has declined by 49,000, with losses concentrated in 
support activities for mining.

Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, 
wholesale trade, retail trade, information, financial activities, 
leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little change 
over the month.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls 
remained at 34.5 hours in April. The manufacturing workweek for 
all employees edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and factory 
overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek 
for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm 
payrolls was unchanged at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private 
nonfarm payrolls rose by 3 cents to $24.87. Over the past 12 
months, average hourly earnings have increased by 2.2 percent. 
Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and 
nonsupervisory employees edged up by 2 cents to $20.90 in April. 
(See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was 
revised from +264,000 to +266,000, and the change for March was 
revised from +126,000 to +85,000. With these revisions, 
employment gains in February and March combined were 39,000 
lower than previously reported. Over the past 3 months, job 
gains have averaged 191,000 per month.

_____________
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released 
on Friday, June 5, 2015, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Change from: Mar. 2015- Apr. 2015
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	247,439	249,899	250,080	250,266	186
Civilian labor force	155,420	157,002	156,906	157,072	166
Participation rate	62.8	62.8	62.7	62.8	0.1
Employed	145,724	148,297	148,331	148,523	192
Employment-population ratio	58.9	59.3	59.3	59.3	0.0
Unemployed	9,696	8,705	8,575	8,549	-26
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.5	5.5	5.4	-0.1
Not in labor force	92,019	92,898	93,175	93,194	19
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	6.2	5.5	5.5	5.4	-0.1
Adult men (20 years and over)	5.9	5.2	5.1	5.0	-0.1
Adult women (20 years and over)	5.7	4.9	4.9	4.9	0.0
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	19.1	17.1	17.5	17.1	-0.4
White	5.3	4.7	4.7	4.7	0.0
Black or African American	11.4	10.4	10.1	9.6	-0.5
Asian	5.9	4.0	3.2	4.4	1.2
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	7.5	6.6	6.8	6.9	0.1
Total, 25 years and over	5.2	4.5	4.4	4.5	0.1
Less than a high school diploma	8.8	8.4	8.6	8.6	0.0
High school graduates, no college	6.3	5.4	5.3	5.4	0.1
Some college or associate degree	5.6	5.1	4.8	4.7	-0.1
Bachelor's degree and higher	3.3	2.7	2.5	2.7	0.2
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	5,153	4,180	4,189	4,136	-53
Job leavers	786	884	875	828	-47
Reentrants	2,631	2,655	2,689	2,685	-4
New entrants	1,052	972	815	868	53
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,451	2,431	2,488	2,729	241
5 to 14 weeks	2,346	2,223	2,312	2,307	-5
15 to 26 weeks	1,509	1,335	1,253	1,139	-114
27 weeks and over	3,413	2,709	2,563	2,525	-38
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	7,460	6,635	6,705	6,580	-125
Slack work or business conditions	4,517	3,847	4,069	3,885	-184
Could only find part-time work	2,624	2,426	2,337	2,374	37
Part time for noneconomic reasons	18,915	19,837	19,733	20,056	323
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	2,160	2,159	2,055	2,115	-
Discouraged workers	783	732	738	756	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	330	266	85	223
Total private	313	261	94	213
Goods-producing	58	20	-21	31
Mining and logging	6	-14	-12	-15
Construction	41	31	-9	45
Manufacturing	11	3	0	1
Durable goods(1)	12	6	1	-1
Motor vehicles and parts	0.5	3.4	-0.7	6.0
Nondurable goods	-1	-3	-1	2
Private service-providing	255	241	115	182
Wholesale trade	14.9	10.4	9.9	-4.5
Retail trade	42.7	23.1	24.5	12.1
Transportation and warehousing	12.9	9.4	8.1	15.2
Utilities	-0.8	0.9	1.0	1.3
Information	5	7	0	3
Financial activities	9	9	7	9
Professional and business services(1)	72	49	35	62
Temporary help services	13.8	-4.4	13.2	16.1
Education and health services(1)	39	61	35	61
Health care and social assistance	29.7	38.7	30.6	55.6
Leisure and hospitality	45	61	-6	17
Other services	15	10	1	6
Government	17	5	-9	10
(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	248	265	184	191
Total private	237	261	186	189
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)
Total nonfarm women employees	49.4	49.3	49.3	49.3
Total private women employees	47.9	47.9	47.9	47.9
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.7	82.5	82.5	82.4
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.5	34.6	34.5	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$24.34	$24.78	$24.84	$24.87
Average weekly earnings	$839.73	$857.39	$856.98	$858.02
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	100.5	103.1	102.8	103.0
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.3	-0.3	0.2
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	116.8	121.9	121.9	122.3
Over-the-month percent change	0.3	0.3	0.0	0.3
DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)(5)
Total private (263 industries)	69.8	62.0	59.5	57.0
Manufacturing (80 industries)	58.1	54.4	45.6	50.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-
   businesses-pay-workers.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 143,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 588,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 105,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-55,000 to +155,000 (50,000 +/- 105,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	247,439	250,080	250,266	247,439	249,027	249,723	249,899	250,080	250,266
Civilian labor force	154,845	156,318	156,554	155,420	156,129	157,180	157,002	156,906	157,072
Participation rate	62.6	62.5	62.6	62.8	62.7	62.9	62.8	62.7	62.8
Employed	145,767	147,635	148,587	145,724	147,442	148,201	148,297	148,331	148,523
Employment-population ratio	58.9	59.0	59.4	58.9	59.2	59.3	59.3	59.3	59.3
Unemployed	9,079	8,682	7,966	9,696	8,688	8,979	8,705	8,575	8,549
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.6	5.1	6.2	5.6	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.4
Not in labor force	92,594	93,762	93,712	92,019	92,898	92,544	92,898	93,175	93,194
Persons who currently want a job	6,088	6,065	6,096	6,173	6,445	6,358	6,538	6,369	6,258
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	119,488	120,738	120,831	119,488	120,301	120,559	120,647	120,738	120,831
Civilian labor force	82,104	83,229	83,358	82,580	83,210	83,771	83,772	83,694	83,805
Participation rate	68.7	68.9	69.0	69.1	69.2	69.5	69.4	69.3	69.4
Employed	77,086	78,275	78,996	77,329	78,400	78,869	79,006	79,014	79,203
Employment-population ratio	64.5	64.8	65.4	64.7	65.2	65.4	65.5	65.4	65.5
Unemployed	5,018	4,954	4,362	5,251	4,810	4,903	4,766	4,680	4,602
Unemployment rate	6.1	6.0	5.2	6.4	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.6	5.5
Not in labor force	37,384	37,509	37,473	36,908	37,091	36,787	36,875	37,044	37,026
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	111,027	112,304	112,400	111,027	111,875	112,117	112,209	112,304	112,400
Civilian labor force	79,571	80,533	80,670	79,837	80,271	80,804	80,831	80,752	80,884
Participation rate	71.7	71.7	71.8	71.9	71.8	72.1	72.0	71.9	72.0
Employed	75,059	76,122	76,749	75,163	76,026	76,496	76,588	76,653	76,805
Employment-population ratio	67.6	67.8	68.3	67.7	68.0	68.2	68.3	68.3	68.3
Unemployed	4,512	4,411	3,921	4,674	4,245	4,308	4,243	4,099	4,079
Unemployment rate	5.7	5.5	4.9	5.9	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.0
Not in labor force	31,456	31,771	31,730	31,190	31,603	31,313	31,379	31,552	31,516
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	127,951	129,342	129,434	127,951	128,726	129,165	129,252	129,342	129,434
Civilian labor force	72,741	73,089	73,196	72,840	72,919	73,408	73,230	73,211	73,267
Participation rate	56.9	56.5	56.6	56.9	56.6	56.8	56.7	56.6	56.6
Employed	68,680	69,360	69,591	68,395	69,042	69,332	69,291	69,317	69,320
Employment-population ratio	53.7	53.6	53.8	53.5	53.6	53.7	53.6	53.6	53.6
Unemployed	4,061	3,729	3,605	4,445	3,878	4,076	3,939	3,894	3,947
Unemployment rate	5.6	5.1	4.9	6.1	5.3	5.6	5.4	5.3	5.4
Not in labor force	55,210	56,253	56,238	55,111	55,807	55,756	56,023	56,131	56,167
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	119,760	121,152	121,246	119,760	120,557	120,970	121,060	121,152	121,246
Civilian labor force	70,100	70,374	70,509	70,041	70,111	70,558	70,370	70,330	70,419
Participation rate	58.5	58.1	58.2	58.5	58.2	58.3	58.1	58.1	58.1
Employed	66,452	67,022	67,303	66,076	66,632	66,983	66,901	66,874	66,935
Employment-population ratio	55.5	55.3	55.5	55.2	55.3	55.4	55.3	55.2	55.2
Unemployed	3,648	3,352	3,206	3,964	3,479	3,575	3,469	3,455	3,483
Unemployment rate	5.2	4.8	4.5	5.7	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.9	4.9
Not in labor force	49,660	50,779	50,737	49,719	50,446	50,412	50,690	50,823	50,828
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,652	16,624	16,619	16,652	16,595	16,636	16,630	16,624	16,619
Civilian labor force	5,174	5,411	5,375	5,542	5,747	5,817	5,801	5,824	5,769
Participation rate	31.1	32.5	32.3	33.3	34.6	35.0	34.9	35.0	34.7
Employed	4,256	4,491	4,536	4,485	4,784	4,722	4,808	4,804	4,784
Employment-population ratio	25.6	27.0	27.3	26.9	28.8	28.4	28.9	28.9	28.8
Unemployed	918	920	840	1,057	963	1,096	993	1,021	986
Unemployment rate	17.7	17.0	15.6	19.1	16.8	18.8	17.1	17.5	17.1
Not in labor force	11,478	11,213	11,244	11,110	10,849	10,819	10,829	10,800	10,849
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	195,210	196,482	196,574	195,210	196,091	196,307	196,392	196,482	196,574
Civilian labor force	122,659	123,196	123,089	123,085	123,058	124,119	123,875	123,739	123,510
Participation rate	62.8	62.7	62.6	63.1	62.8	63.2	63.1	63.0	62.8
Employed	116,536	117,178	117,642	116,602	117,186	118,035	117,992	117,886	117,719
Employment-population ratio	59.7	59.6	59.8	59.7	59.8	60.1	60.1	60.0	59.9
Unemployed	6,123	6,018	5,448	6,483	5,872	6,084	5,883	5,853	5,791
Unemployment rate	5.0	4.9	4.4	5.3	4.8	4.9	4.7	4.7	4.7
Not in labor force	72,550	73,286	73,484	72,125	73,033	72,189	72,517	72,743	73,064
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,216	64,674	64,613	64,396	64,392	64,871	64,920	64,899	64,764
Participation rate	72.1	72.1	72.0	72.3	71.9	72.4	72.4	72.4	72.2
Employed	61,097	61,538	61,870	61,161	61,551	61,953	62,015	62,023	61,919
Employment-population ratio	68.6	68.6	69.0	68.7	68.8	69.2	69.2	69.2	69.0
Unemployed	3,119	3,136	2,744	3,235	2,842	2,918	2,906	2,876	2,845
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.8	4.2	5.0	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,358	54,239	54,238	54,309	54,223	54,683	54,401	54,256	54,198
Participation rate	58.0	57.4	57.4	57.9	57.5	57.9	57.6	57.4	57.3
Employed	51,984	52,027	52,115	51,761	51,824	52,267	52,105	51,998	51,912
Employment-population ratio	55.4	55.1	55.1	55.2	55.0	55.4	55.2	55.0	54.9
Unemployed	2,374	2,212	2,123	2,547	2,399	2,416	2,296	2,258	2,286
Unemployment rate	4.4	4.1	3.9	4.7	4.4	4.4	4.2	4.2	4.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,085	4,283	4,239	4,380	4,443	4,565	4,554	4,584	4,548
Participation rate	33.0	34.7	34.4	35.3	36.0	37.0	36.9	37.2	36.9
Employed	3,455	3,613	3,657	3,680	3,811	3,814	3,872	3,865	3,888
Employment-population ratio	27.9	29.3	29.7	29.7	30.9	30.9	31.4	31.3	31.5
Unemployed	630	670	582	701	632	751	682	719	660
Unemployment rate	15.4	15.6	13.7	16.0	14.2	16.4	15.0	15.7	14.5
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,755	31,257	31,293	30,755	31,040	31,188	31,222	31,257	31,293
Civilian labor force	18,675	19,020	19,380	18,728	19,037	19,040	19,101	19,055	19,397
Participation rate	60.7	60.8	61.9	60.9	61.3	61.0	61.2	61.0	62.0
Employed	16,682	17,117	17,648	16,595	17,050	17,071	17,122	17,129	17,529
Employment-population ratio	54.2	54.8	56.4	54.0	54.9	54.7	54.8	54.8	56.0
Unemployed	1,993	1,902	1,731	2,133	1,986	1,969	1,979	1,926	1,868
Unemployment rate	10.7	10.0	8.9	11.4	10.4	10.3	10.4	10.1	9.6
Not in labor force	12,080	12,237	11,913	12,027	12,003	12,148	12,122	12,202	11,896
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,391	8,714	8,868	8,444	8,717	8,676	8,710	8,711	8,926
Participation rate	66.1	67.2	68.3	66.5	67.8	67.1	67.3	67.2	68.7
Employed	7,520	7,810	8,095	7,543	7,756	7,757	7,805	7,841	8,109
Employment-population ratio	59.2	60.2	62.3	59.4	60.3	60.0	60.3	60.5	62.5
Unemployed	872	904	773	901	962	919	905	870	817
Unemployment rate	10.4	10.4	8.7	10.7	11.0	10.6	10.4	10.0	9.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,626	9,714	9,868	9,578	9,598	9,667	9,665	9,703	9,792
Participation rate	62.0	61.5	62.4	61.7	61.2	61.3	61.3	61.4	61.9
Employed	8,722	8,853	9,067	8,606	8,812	8,824	8,809	8,807	8,928
Employment-population ratio	56.1	56.0	57.3	55.4	56.2	56.0	55.8	55.8	56.4
Unemployed	903	862	801	972	785	843	857	895	864
Unemployment rate	9.4	8.9	8.1	10.2	8.2	8.7	8.9	9.2	8.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	658	591	643	706	722	697	726	642	678
Participation rate	26.2	23.7	25.8	28.0	29.0	27.9	29.1	25.7	27.2
Employed	440	455	486	446	482	490	508	481	491
Employment-population ratio	17.5	18.2	19.5	17.7	19.4	19.6	20.4	19.3	19.7
Unemployed	218	137	157	260	240	207	218	161	187
Unemployment rate	33.2	23.1	24.4	36.8	33.2	29.7	30.0	25.0	27.5
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	13,841	14,296	14,290	13,841	13,886	14,253	14,291	14,296	14,290
Civilian labor force	8,782	8,967	9,023	8,803	8,771	8,899	9,038	8,934	9,038
Participation rate	63.4	62.7	63.1	63.6	63.2	62.4	63.2	62.5	63.3
Employed	8,283	8,685	8,644	8,287	8,398	8,540	8,680	8,646	8,644
Employment-population ratio	59.8	60.7	60.5	59.9	60.5	59.9	60.7	60.5	60.5
Unemployed	498	282	379	516	373	359	358	288	394
Unemployment rate	5.7	3.1	4.2	5.9	4.2	4.0	4.0	3.2	4.4
Not in labor force	5,059	5,329	5,267	5,038	5,115	5,355	5,253	5,363	5,251
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	38,203	39,323	39,405	38,203	38,839	39,165	39,244	39,323	39,405
Civilian labor force	25,028	25,991	26,092	25,159	25,644	26,047	25,962	26,087	26,167
Participation rate	65.5	66.1	66.2	65.9	66.0	66.5	66.2	66.3	66.4
Employed	23,343	24,177	24,443	23,268	23,988	24,305	24,238	24,319	24,354
Employment-population ratio	61.1	61.5	62.0	60.9	61.8	62.1	61.8	61.8	61.8
Unemployed	1,685	1,814	1,650	1,891	1,656	1,742	1,724	1,768	1,813
Unemployment rate	6.7	7.0	6.3	7.5	6.5	6.7	6.6	6.8	6.9
Not in labor force	13,175	13,332	13,312	13,044	13,196	13,118	13,282	13,236	13,237
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,869	14,407	14,442	13,926	14,264	14,479	14,465	14,465	14,484
Participation rate	80.3	81.3	81.3	80.6	81.1	82.1	81.8	81.6	81.6
Employed	13,080	13,519	13,646	13,047	13,507	13,647	13,601	13,627	13,614
Employment-population ratio	75.7	76.3	76.8	75.5	76.8	77.3	76.9	76.9	76.7
Unemployed	789	888	796	879	757	832	864	837	870
Unemployment rate	5.7	6.2	5.5	6.3	5.3	5.7	6.0	5.8	6.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	10,136	10,453	10,556	10,152	10,168	10,344	10,309	10,435	10,526
Participation rate	58.7	58.4	58.8	58.8	57.9	58.0	57.7	58.3	58.6
Employed	9,462	9,748	9,876	9,403	9,501	9,704	9,685	9,755	9,802
Employment-population ratio	54.8	54.4	55.0	54.4	54.1	54.4	54.2	54.5	54.6
Unemployed	674	705	680	749	667	640	625	680	725
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.7	6.4	7.4	6.6	6.2	6.1	6.5	6.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,023	1,131	1,094	1,081	1,211	1,224	1,187	1,187	1,157
Participation rate	28.0	30.6	29.6	29.6	32.9	33.2	32.2	32.2	31.3
Employed	801	909	920	818	980	954	952	937	938
Employment-population ratio	21.9	24.6	24.9	22.4	26.6	25.9	25.8	25.4	25.4
Unemployed	222	222	174	263	231	270	235	250	218
Unemployment rate	21.7	19.6	15.9	24.3	19.1	22.1	19.8	21.1	18.9
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	10,946	11,113	11,544	10,796	11,031	11,439	11,126	11,089	11,338
Participation rate	44.9	45.2	46.6	44.2	45.4	46.0	46.3	45.1	45.7
Employed	10,006	10,067	10,577	9,849	10,079	10,468	10,196	10,134	10,367
Employment-population ratio	41.0	40.9	42.7	40.4	41.5	42.1	42.4	41.2	41.8
Unemployed	940	1,046	967	947	952	971	929	955	971
Unemployment rate	8.6	9.4	8.4	8.8	8.6	8.5	8.4	8.6	8.6
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,050	35,620	35,565	36,112	35,164	35,418	35,371	35,656	35,577
Participation rate	57.9	57.2	57.2	58.0	57.5	57.9	57.4	57.3	57.2
Employed	33,890	33,591	33,712	33,854	33,310	33,492	33,464	33,752	33,639
Employment-population ratio	54.4	53.9	54.2	54.4	54.5	54.8	54.3	54.2	54.1
Unemployed	2,160	2,029	1,853	2,258	1,854	1,926	1,907	1,904	1,938
Unemployment rate	6.0	5.7	5.2	6.3	5.3	5.4	5.4	5.3	5.4
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,176	37,411	37,715	37,389	37,140	37,479	37,490	37,558	37,755
Participation rate	66.9	67.3	67.3	67.3	66.9	67.2	66.8	67.6	67.4
Employed	35,165	35,568	36,044	35,277	35,310	35,540	35,588	35,755	35,996
Employment-population ratio	63.3	64.0	64.3	63.5	63.6	63.8	63.4	64.4	64.2
Unemployed	2,011	1,843	1,671	2,112	1,831	1,939	1,902	1,803	1,759
Unemployment rate	5.4	4.9	4.4	5.6	4.9	5.2	5.1	4.8	4.7
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	50,212	51,573	51,314	50,001	51,772	51,550	51,583	51,272	51,156
Participation rate	75.5	74.8	74.8	75.2	74.6	74.4	74.4	74.3	74.6
Employed	48,684	50,333	50,013	48,357	50,290	50,084	50,172	50,007	49,758
Employment-population ratio	73.2	73.0	72.9	72.7	72.5	72.3	72.3	72.5	72.5
Unemployed	1,527	1,240	1,301	1,645	1,482	1,466	1,411	1,265	1,399
Unemployment rate	3.0	2.4	2.5	3.3	2.9	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.7
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	21,239	21,274	18,992	19,281	2,247	1,993
Civilian labor force	10,727	10,783	9,337	9,539	1,390	1,244
Participation rate	50.5	50.7	49.2	49.5	61.8	62.4
Employed	10,124	10,277	8,815	9,089	1,308	1,188
Employment-population ratio	47.7	48.3	46.4	47.1	58.2	59.6
Unemployed	603	507	522	450	81	57
Unemployment rate	5.6	4.7	5.6	4.7	5.8	4.6
Not in labor force	10,512	10,491	9,655	9,742	857	749
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,019	3,609	2,444	3,005	575	604
Civilian labor force	2,403	2,927	2,019	2,500	385	427
Participation rate	79.6	81.1	82.6	83.2	66.9	70.7
Employed	2,240	2,726	1,885	2,329	355	397
Employment-population ratio	74.2	75.5	77.1	77.5	61.7	65.8
Unemployed	163	201	134	171	30	30
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.9	6.6	6.9	7.7	7.0
Not in labor force	615	682	425	505	190	177
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,421	3,380	2,704	2,827	717	553
Civilian labor force	2,764	2,695	2,246	2,309	518	386
Participation rate	80.8	79.7	83.0	81.7	72.2	69.8
Employed	2,635	2,620	2,144	2,251	491	369
Employment-population ratio	77.0	77.5	79.3	79.6	68.5	66.6
Unemployed	129	76	102	58	27	18
Unemployment rate	4.7	2.8	4.5	2.5	5.2	4.6
Not in labor force	658	685	458	518	199	167
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,476	8,988	9,120	8,669	356	319
Civilian labor force	2,755	2,415	2,659	2,308	96	107
Participation rate	29.1	26.9	29.2	26.6	26.9	33.6
Employed	2,620	2,309	2,536	2,202	85	107
Employment-population ratio	27.7	25.7	27.8	25.4	23.8	33.6
Unemployed	134	106	123	106	11	0
Unemployment rate	4.9	4.4	4.6	4.6	11.6	0.0
Not in labor force	6,721	6,573	6,461	6,361	260	212
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,323	5,297	4,724	4,780	599	517
Civilian labor force	2,805	2,746	2,414	2,422	391	324
Participation rate	52.7	51.8	51.1	50.7	65.3	62.6
Employed	2,629	2,622	2,251	2,307	378	315
Employment-population ratio	49.4	49.5	47.6	48.3	63.1	60.8
Unemployed	177	124	163	115	13	9
Unemployment rate	6.3	4.5	6.8	4.7	3.4	2.8
Not in labor force	2,518	2,551	2,310	2,358	208	193
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	217,259	220,131	95,940	97,005	121,319	123,127
Civilian labor force	142,440	143,938	71,995	72,880	70,445	71,058
Participation rate	65.6	65.4	75.0	75.1	58.1	57.7
Employed	134,317	136,829	67,700	69,160	66,617	67,668
Employment-population ratio	61.8	62.2	70.6	71.3	54.9	55.0
Unemployed	8,123	7,109	4,295	3,720	3,828	3,390
Unemployment rate	5.7	4.9	6.0	5.1	5.4	4.8
Not in labor force	74,819	76,193	23,945	24,124	50,874	52,069
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	28,915	29,608	218,524	220,658
Civilian labor force	5,528	5,704	149,317	150,850
Participation rate	19.1	19.3	68.3	68.4
Employed	4,838	5,136	140,929	143,451
Employment-population ratio	16.7	17.3	64.5	65.0
Unemployed	690	568	8,389	7,399
Unemployment rate	12.5	10.0	5.6	4.9
Not in labor force	23,388	23,904	69,207	69,807
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,488	2,504	74,982	75,994
Participation rate	32.5	32.5	81.5	82.1
Employed	2,128	2,221	70,562	72,124
Employment-population ratio	27.8	28.8	76.7	77.9
Unemployed	359	282	4,421	3,870
Unemployment rate	14.4	11.3	5.9	5.1
Not in labor force	5,172	5,199	17,038	16,576
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,057	2,240	66,893	67,015
Participation rate	26.4	27.9	70.2	70.0
Employed	1,782	2,026	63,250	63,745
Employment-population ratio	22.8	25.2	66.4	66.6
Unemployed	275	214	3,643	3,270
Unemployment rate	13.4	9.6	5.4	4.9
Not in labor force	5,745	5,801	28,425	28,721
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	983	960	7,442	7,841
Participation rate	7.3	6.9	23.9	24.2
Employed	927	889	7,117	7,582
Employment-population ratio	6.9	6.4	22.8	23.4
Unemployed	56	71	325	259
Unemployment rate	5.7	7.4	4.4	3.3
Not in labor force	12,470	12,905	23,743	24,510
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	38,391	39,997	18,592	19,286	19,799	20,711
Civilian labor force	25,127	26,103	14,590	15,094	10,536	11,008
Participation rate	65.5	65.3	78.5	78.3	53.2	53.2
Employed	23,713	24,819	13,828	14,406	9,885	10,413
Employment-population ratio	61.8	62.1	74.4	74.7	49.9	50.3
Unemployed	1,414	1,284	763	689	652	595
Unemployment rate	5.6	4.9	5.2	4.6	6.2	5.4
Not in labor force	13,264	13,895	4,001	4,192	9,263	9,703
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	209,049	210,268	100,896	101,545	108,152	108,723
Civilian labor force	129,718	130,451	67,514	68,263	62,205	62,188
Participation rate	62.1	62.0	66.9	67.2	57.5	57.2
Employed	122,054	123,769	63,259	64,590	58,795	59,179
Employment-population ratio	58.4	58.9	62.7	63.6	54.4	54.4
Unemployed	7,664	6,683	4,255	3,673	3,409	3,009
Unemployment rate	5.9	5.1	6.3	5.4	5.5	4.8
Not in labor force	79,330	79,817	33,383	33,281	45,948	46,535
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	2,048	2,405	2,294	2,167	2,358	2,419	2,430	2,559	2,435
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,265	1,490	1,463	1,393	1,506	1,566	1,572	1,628	1,610
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	773	881	799	768	815	835	833	893	794
Unpaid family workers	10	34	32	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	143,718	145,230	146,293	143,566	145,101	145,743	145,880	145,699	146,111
Wage and salary workers(1)	135,119	136,563	137,371	134,918	136,415	136,949	137,447	136,830	137,148
Government	20,626	20,729	20,840	20,316	19,956	20,330	20,582	20,246	20,455
Private industries	114,494	115,834	116,531	114,630	116,469	116,664	116,890	116,654	116,707
Private households	868	798	793	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	113,625	115,037	115,738	113,742	115,676	115,724	116,042	115,839	115,899
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,518	8,588	8,837	8,545	8,660	8,725	8,386	8,685	8,826
Unpaid family workers	81	79	84	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	7,243	6,672	6,356	7,460	6,790	6,810	6,635	6,705	6,580
Slack work or business conditions	4,346	4,027	3,728	4,517	4,061	4,012	3,847	4,069	3,885
Could only find part-time work	2,615	2,333	2,370	2,624	2,432	2,460	2,426	2,337	2,374
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,707	20,159	20,992	18,915	19,730	19,822	19,837	19,733	20,056
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	7,120	6,569	6,277	7,335	6,699	6,690	6,539	6,620	6,501
Slack work or business conditions	4,277	3,966	3,674	4,453	3,983	3,951	3,791	4,028	3,835
Could only find part-time work	2,604	2,320	2,354	2,585	2,411	2,432	2,415	2,302	2,352
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,393	19,786	20,622	18,614	19,416	19,446	19,505	19,374	19,705
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	145,767	147,635	148,587	145,724	147,442	148,201	148,297	148,331	148,523
16 to 19 years	4,256	4,491	4,536	4,485	4,784	4,722	4,808	4,804	4,784
16 to 17 years	1,325	1,445	1,482	1,455	1,678	1,651	1,637	1,615	1,630
18 to 19 years	2,931	3,046	3,053	3,026	3,090	3,058	3,186	3,189	3,147
20 years and over	141,511	143,144	144,052	141,239	142,658	143,480	143,489	143,527	143,740
20 to 24 years	13,765	13,584	13,706	13,881	13,847	14,011	14,114	13,823	13,851
25 years and over	127,745	129,560	130,346	127,309	128,860	129,435	129,349	129,614	129,861
25 to 54 years	95,421	96,300	96,742	95,201	95,975	96,464	96,565	96,501	96,482
25 to 34 years	31,751	32,563	32,767	31,729	32,354	32,574	32,682	32,693	32,734
35 to 44 years	31,031	31,103	31,200	30,913	31,021	31,157	31,071	31,095	31,072
45 to 54 years	32,639	32,634	32,775	32,559	32,600	32,734	32,812	32,713	32,676
55 years and over	32,324	33,260	33,605	32,107	32,885	32,971	32,784	33,113	33,379
Men, 16 years and over	77,086	78,275	78,996	77,329	78,400	78,869	79,006	79,014	79,203
16 to 19 years	2,027	2,153	2,247	2,166	2,374	2,372	2,418	2,361	2,399
16 to 17 years	571	668	746	641	828	802	791	762	830
18 to 19 years	1,457	1,485	1,501	1,514	1,531	1,560	1,636	1,584	1,557
20 years and over	75,059	76,122	76,749	75,163	76,026	76,496	76,588	76,653	76,805
20 to 24 years	7,099	6,932	7,050	7,204	7,167	7,198	7,324	7,088	7,158
25 years and over	67,960	69,190	69,698	67,927	68,890	69,248	69,190	69,506	69,633
25 to 54 years	50,903	51,615	51,861	50,931	51,448	51,809	51,860	51,948	51,863
25 to 34 years	17,132	17,639	17,763	17,184	17,534	17,722	17,743	17,804	17,798
35 to 44 years	16,674	16,746	16,832	16,672	16,748	16,807	16,760	16,824	16,818
45 to 54 years	17,097	17,230	17,266	17,076	17,166	17,281	17,357	17,321	17,247
55 years and over	17,056	17,575	17,837	16,996	17,441	17,439	17,330	17,557	17,770
Women, 16 years and over	68,680	69,360	69,591	68,395	69,042	69,332	69,291	69,317	69,320
16 to 19 years	2,228	2,339	2,288	2,318	2,410	2,349	2,389	2,442	2,385
16 to 17 years	754	778	736	814	850	849	846	853	800
18 to 19 years	1,474	1,561	1,553	1,512	1,559	1,499	1,550	1,605	1,590
20 years and over	66,452	67,022	67,303	66,076	66,632	66,983	66,901	66,874	66,935
20 to 24 years	6,666	6,652	6,655	6,677	6,680	6,813	6,790	6,735	6,693
25 years and over	59,786	60,370	60,648	59,381	59,970	60,187	60,159	60,108	60,228
25 to 54 years	44,518	44,685	44,881	44,270	44,527	44,655	44,705	44,552	44,619
25 to 34 years	14,619	14,924	15,004	14,546	14,820	14,852	14,939	14,889	14,936
35 to 44 years	14,357	14,356	14,369	14,241	14,273	14,350	14,311	14,271	14,255
45 to 54 years	15,542	15,404	15,508	15,483	15,434	15,453	15,456	15,392	15,429
55 years and over	15,268	15,685	15,768	15,111	15,443	15,532	15,453	15,556	15,609
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	44,449	45,103	45,042	44,477	44,588	44,934	44,951	45,304	45,023
Married women, spouse present	34,830	35,232	35,045	34,795	34,645	34,843	34,910	35,106	34,974
Women who maintain families	9,602	9,443	9,706	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(1)	118,073	119,981	120,402	118,458	119,934	120,711	120,834	121,024	120,772
Part-time workers(2)	27,693	27,655	28,185	27,251	27,506	27,546	27,471	27,301	27,738
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,162	7,264	7,000	7,100	7,285	7,485	7,059	7,158	6,986
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.9	4.7	4.9	4.9	5.1	4.8	4.8	4.7
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,384	5,514	5,378	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,290	9,469	9,636	9,313	9,475	9,560	9,220	9,579	9,620
Footnotes (1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	9,696	8,575	8,549	6.2	5.6	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.4
16 to 19 years	1,057	1,021	986	19.1	16.8	18.8	17.1	17.5	17.1
16 to 17 years	414	356	407	22.2	18.8	19.9	18.6	18.1	20.0
18 to 19 years	636	659	560	17.4	15.4	18.2	16.4	17.1	15.1
20 years and over	8,639	7,554	7,563	5.8	5.1	5.2	5.1	5.0	5.0
20 to 24 years	1,638	1,599	1,466	10.6	10.8	9.8	10.0	10.4	9.6
25 years and over	6,927	5,932	6,054	5.2	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.4	4.5
25 to 54 years	5,366	4,559	4,687	5.3	4.7	4.8	4.6	4.5	4.6
25 to 34 years	2,235	1,955	2,003	6.6	5.9	5.9	5.4	5.6	5.8
35 to 44 years	1,575	1,346	1,387	4.8	4.3	4.4	4.5	4.1	4.3
45 to 54 years	1,556	1,259	1,297	4.6	4.0	4.1	3.8	3.7	3.8
55 years and over	1,560	1,356	1,377	4.6	3.9	4.1	4.3	3.9	4.0
Men, 16 years and over	5,251	4,680	4,602	6.4	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.6	5.5
16 to 19 years	577	581	522	21.0	19.2	20.0	17.8	19.8	17.9
16 to 17 years	235	196	220	26.9	20.0	20.8	19.2	20.5	21.0
18 to 19 years	334	387	280	18.1	18.2	19.4	17.3	19.6	15.2
20 years and over	4,674	4,099	4,079	5.9	5.3	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.0
20 to 24 years	974	893	844	11.9	11.6	11.5	10.9	11.2	10.5
25 years and over	3,664	3,184	3,207	5.1	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.4	4.4
25 to 54 years	2,827	2,432	2,427	5.3	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.5	4.5
25 to 34 years	1,211	1,053	1,011	6.6	5.7	5.8	5.6	5.6	5.4
35 to 44 years	821	720	704	4.7	4.3	4.4	4.3	4.1	4.0
45 to 54 years	795	660	712	4.4	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.7	4.0
55 years and over	837	752	780	4.7	4.2	4.1	4.6	4.1	4.2
Women, 16 years and over	4,445	3,894	3,947	6.1	5.3	5.6	5.4	5.3	5.4
16 to 19 years	481	439	464	17.2	14.2	17.6	16.4	15.2	16.3
16 to 17 years	179	160	187	18.0	17.6	19.0	18.0	15.8	18.9
18 to 19 years	303	272	280	16.7	12.4	16.9	15.4	14.5	15.0
20 years and over	3,964	3,455	3,483	5.7	5.0	5.1	4.9	4.9	4.9
20 to 24 years	664	706	622	9.0	9.9	7.9	9.0	9.5	8.5
25 years and over	3,263	2,747	2,847	5.2	4.4	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.5
25 to 54 years	2,539	2,127	2,260	5.4	4.7	4.9	4.6	4.6	4.8
25 to 34 years	1,024	902	992	6.6	6.0	5.9	5.2	5.7	6.2
35 to 44 years	754	626	683	5.0	4.3	4.4	4.7	4.2	4.6
45 to 54 years	762	599	585	4.7	3.9	4.4	3.8	3.7	3.7
55 years and over	712	604	602	4.5	3.7	4.1	4.0	3.7	3.7
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	1,601	1,309	1,392	3.5	3.0	2.9	3.0	2.8	3.0
Married women, spouse present	1,401	1,107	1,222	3.9	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.1	3.4
Women who maintain families(1)	897	830	730	8.5	7.8	8.1	7.7	8.1	7.0
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(2)	8,149	7,159	7,068	6.4	5.7	5.9	5.7	5.6	5.5
Part-time workers(3)	1,503	1,418	1,443	5.2	5.0	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
Footnotes (1) Not seasonally adjusted. (2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	4,972	4,503	3,977	5,153	4,325	4,242	4,180	4,189	4,136
On temporary layoff	931	1,199	871	1,014	959	902	1,021	999	950
Not on temporary layoff	4,041	3,304	3,106	4,139	3,366	3,339	3,158	3,190	3,185
Permanent job losers	2,996	2,298	2,224	3,016	2,388	2,371	2,212	2,223	2,238
Persons who completed temporary jobs	1,045	1,006	882	1,123	977	968	946	967	948
Job leavers	751	853	780	786	798	851	884	875	828
Reentrants	2,425	2,597	2,465	2,631	2,701	2,829	2,655	2,689	2,685
New entrants	932	729	745	1,052	971	1,033	972	815	868
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	54.8	51.9	49.9	53.6	49.2	47.4	48.1	48.9	48.6
On temporary layoff	10.3	13.8	10.9	10.5	10.9	10.1	11.7	11.7	11.2
Not on temporary layoff	44.5	38.0	39.0	43.0	38.3	37.3	36.3	37.2	37.4
Job leavers	8.3	9.8	9.8	8.2	9.1	9.5	10.2	10.2	9.7
Reentrants	26.7	29.9	30.9	27.3	30.7	31.6	30.5	31.4	31.5
New entrants	10.3	8.4	9.4	10.9	11.0	11.5	11.2	9.5	10.2
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3.2	2.9	2.5	3.3	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5
Reentrants	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.7
New entrants	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.6
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	1,993	2,108	2,235	2,451	2,375	2,383	2,431	2,488	2,729
5 to 14 weeks	1,946	2,511	1,930	2,346	2,293	2,318	2,223	2,312	2,307
15 weeks and over	5,139	4,064	3,802	4,922	4,059	4,180	4,044	3,816	3,663
15 to 26 weeks	1,653	1,428	1,238	1,509	1,274	1,380	1,335	1,253	1,139
27 weeks and over	3,486	2,635	2,564	3,413	2,785	2,800	2,709	2,563	2,525
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	37.1	31.3	32.8	34.8	32.8	32.3	31.7	30.7	30.8
Median duration, in weeks	18.4	13.2	13.5	15.6	12.6	13.4	13.1	12.2	11.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	22.0	24.3	28.1	25.2	27.2	26.8	27.9	28.9	31.4
5 to 14 weeks	21.4	28.9	24.2	24.1	26.3	26.1	25.6	26.8	26.5
15 weeks and over	56.6	46.8	47.7	50.6	46.5	47.1	46.5	44.3	42.1
15 to 26 weeks	18.2	16.5	15.5	15.5	14.6	15.5	15.4	14.5	13.1
27 weeks and over	38.4	30.4	32.2	35.1	31.9	31.5	31.1	29.8	29.0
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015
Total, 16 years and over(1)	145,767	148,587	9,079	7,966	5.9	5.1
Management, professional, and related occupations	55,896	57,953	1,642	1,435	2.9	2.4
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	22,707	23,960	748	633	3.2	2.6
Professional and related occupations	33,189	33,993	894	802	2.6	2.3
Service occupations	25,755	25,419	1,777	1,733	6.5	6.4
Sales and office occupations	33,873	34,129	2,079	1,852	5.8	5.1
Sales and related occupations	16,076	15,875	997	920	5.8	5.5
Office and administrative support occupations	17,797	18,253	1,082	932	5.7	4.9
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	13,178	13,584	1,168	1,097	8.1	7.5
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	935	1,036	152	127	14.0	10.9
Construction and extraction occupations	7,536	7,734	821	718	9.8	8.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	4,707	4,814	195	253	4.0	5.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	17,065	17,503	1,446	1,077	7.8	5.8
Production occupations	8,184	8,505	671	494	7.6	5.5
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,881	8,998	776	584	8.0	6.1
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015
Total, 16 years and over(1)	9,079	7,966	5.9	5.1
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	7,105	6,078	5.8	5.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	39	83	3.8	8.7
Construction	796	652	9.4	7.5
Manufacturing	790	609	5.2	4.0
Durable goods	441	381	4.6	3.9
Nondurable goods	349	228	6.1	4.1
Wholesale and retail trade	1,225	1,148	5.9	5.6
Transportation and utilities	372	272	6.0	4.4
Information	175	84	5.7	3.2
Financial activities	470	251	5.0	2.7
Professional and business services	1,062	838	6.8	5.3
Education and health services	826	723	3.7	3.1
Leisure and hospitality	1,047	1,069	8.0	7.8
Other services	304	350	4.8	5.4
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	151	197	11.0	12.2
Government workers	581	521	2.7	2.4
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	310	425	3.2	4.2
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2014	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Dec. 2014	Jan. 2015	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015	Apr. 2015
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	3.3	2.6	2.4	3.2	2.6	2.7	2.6	2.4	2.3
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	3.2	2.9	2.5	3.3	2.8	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.6
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	5.9	5.6	5.1	6.2	5.6	5.7	5.5	5.5	5.4
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	6.3	6.0	5.5	6.7	6.0	6.1	6.0	5.9	5.9
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	7.2	6.8	6.4	7.5	6.9	7.0	6.8	6.7	6.7
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	11.8	11.0	10.4	12.3	11.2	11.3	11.0	10.9	10.8
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2015
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	92,594	93,712	37,384	37,473	55,210	56,238
Persons who currently want a job	6,088	6,096	2,963	2,796	3,125	3,300
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	2,160	2,115	1,192	1,096	969	1,019
Discouraged workers(2)	783	756	488	450	295	306
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,378	1,360	704	646	674	713
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,162	7,000	3,498	3,293	3,665	3,707
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.7	4.5	4.2	5.3	5.3
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,805	3,759	2,105	1,936	1,699	1,823
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	2,008	1,939	686	618	1,322	1,320
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	246	214	149	144	97	70
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,055	1,050	539	570	516	480
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)	Change from: Mar.2015 - Apr.2015(p)
Total nonfarm	138,377	139,519	140,284	141,462	138,385	141,059	141,144	141,367	223
Total private	116,107	117,317	117,996	119,126	116,542	119,153	119,247	119,460	213
Goods-producing	18,923	19,034	19,139	19,388	19,131	19,560	19,539	19,570	31
Mining and logging	877	878	866	851	886	892	880	865	-15
Logging	48.1	52.4	52.2	50.4	51.6	54.2	54.5	54.5	0.0
Mining	828.6	825.5	814.2	800.4	834.7	838.1	825.8	810.9	-14.9
Oil and gas extraction	193.6	196.8	196.7	192.1	194.6	197.6	197.7	194.4	-3.3
Mining, except oil and gas(1)	205.7	196.7	197.6	200.6	207.7	205.0	203.8	202.4	-1.4
Coal mining	74.0	70.7	70.6	70.3	73.9	71.2	70.9	70.8	-0.1
Support activities for mining	429.3	432.0	419.9	407.7	432.4	435.5	424.3	414.1	-10.2
Construction	5,966	5,926	6,014	6,265	6,103	6,347	6,338	6,383	45
Construction of buildings	1,314.5	1,342.8	1,358.8	1,374.6	1,347.2	1,408.2	1,410.0	1,405.0	-5.0
Residential building	635.9	651.7	659.9	675.3	652.4	687.8	690.8	693.6	2.8
Nonresidential building	678.6	691.1	698.9	699.3	694.8	720.4	719.2	711.4	-7.8
Heavy and civil engineering construction	885.3	834.1	854.7	926.3	911.6	939.8	936.3	944.7	8.4
Specialty trade contractors	3,766.6	3,749.2	3,800.2	3,963.9	3,844.5	3,999.0	3,992.0	4,033.0	41.0
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,612.7	1,621.0	1,638.3	1,723.9	1,646.2	1,742.3	1,737.5	1,758.3	20.8
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,153.9	2,128.2	2,161.9	2,240.0	2,198.3	2,256.7	2,254.5	2,274.7	20.2
Manufacturing	12,080	12,230	12,259	12,272	12,142	12,321	12,321	12,322	1
Durable goods	7,616	7,756	7,775	7,781	7,640	7,800	7,801	7,800	-1
Wood products	367.3	373.1	373.3	378.2	369.9	378.8	379.0	379.0	0.0
Nonmetallic mineral products	377.7	382.0	389.1	398.5	381.3	397.6	398.5	397.4	-1.1
Primary metals	396.6	405.0	405.6	404.8	396.7	406.5	405.9	406.1	0.2
Fabricated metal products	1,445.1	1,466.6	1,468.5	1,469.7	1,449.2	1,475.7	1,475.2	1,476.2	1.0
Machinery	1,120.4	1,140.0	1,139.1	1,132.8	1,121.2	1,141.1	1,138.3	1,133.1	-5.2
Computer and electronic products(1)	1,043.7	1,054.6	1,055.4	1,052.9	1,048.1	1,058.3	1,057.3	1,056.3	-1.0
Computer and peripheral equipment	158.7	167.9	168.2	168.2	159.9	168.7	169.4	169.6	0.2
Communications equipment	94.6	90.3	90.1	89.6	94.9	90.6	90.1	89.8	-0.3
Semiconductors and electronic components	366.0	369.8	369.7	368.8	367.2	370.4	370.1	370.1	0.0
Electronic instruments	387.1	389.8	390.3	389.0	388.4	391.2	390.1	389.2	-0.9
Electrical equipment and appliances	374.7	372.6	371.5	370.8	376.0	372.8	372.5	372.2	-0.3
Transportation equipment(1)	1,543.9	1,598.9	1,602.2	1,598.2	1,547.1	1,598.1	1,598.6	1,602.2	3.6
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	859.0	910.1	913.5	911.3	861.0	909.7	909.0	915.0	6.0
Furniture and related products	366.4	380.3	384.0	385.9	367.7	385.4	386.6	388.0	1.4
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	580.0	583.0	585.9	588.8	582.5	586.1	588.6	589.4	0.8
Nondurable goods	4,464	4,474	4,484	4,491	4,502	4,521	4,520	4,522	2
Food manufacturing	1,459.6	1,467.3	1,470.2	1,468.2	1,485.5	1,492.8	1,492.8	1,490.4	-2.4
Textile mills	117.6	118.5	118.6	118.7	117.6	119.0	118.7	118.7	0.0
Textile product mills	113.0	113.1	113.3	113.6	113.8	114.6	114.2	114.7	0.5
Apparel	141.6	138.1	137.7	135.1	141.6	137.3	137.0	135.6	-1.4
Paper and paper products	372.1	364.7	365.5	366.7	373.9	366.7	367.1	367.3	0.2
Printing and related support activities	453.9	445.6	446.6	446.8	454.6	448.0	447.8	447.8	0.0
Petroleum and coal products	108.7	102.5	102.3	107.0	109.8	106.0	104.7	107.8	3.1
Chemicals	797.0	808.8	809.8	809.1	798.9	810.6	810.4	810.9	0.5
Plastics and rubber products	670.4	682.3	685.4	687.1	671.7	685.5	686.0	685.6	-0.4
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	230.0	232.7	234.5	238.4	234.8	240.6	241.6	243.3	1.7
Private service-providing	97,184	98,283	98,857	99,738	97,411	99,593	99,708	99,890	182
Trade, transportation, and utilities	26,026	26,347	26,458	26,585	26,260	26,748	26,791	26,815	24
Wholesale trade	5,793.0	5,853.0	5,879.1	5,890.1	5,807.9	5,898.2	5,908.1	5,903.6	-4.5
Durable goods	2,892.0	2,928.8	2,936.3	2,939.8	2,901.2	2,944.4	2,946.5	2,948.9	2.4
Nondurable goods	2,008.9	2,017.7	2,031.1	2,039.0	2,012.8	2,040.8	2,046.6	2,041.5	-5.1
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	892.1	906.5	911.7	911.3	893.9	913.0	915.0	913.2	-1.8
Retail trade	15,132.5	15,259.7	15,328.5	15,429.7	15,307.5	15,555.8	15,580.3	15,592.4	12.1
Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)	1,846.2	1,884.4	1,897.4	1,909.7	1,847.0	1,907.6	1,909.9	1,910.3	0.4
Automobile dealers	1,169.8	1,205.3	1,210.5	1,215.2	1,171.4	1,214.0	1,216.4	1,217.6	1.2
Furniture and home furnishings stores	444.5	459.4	456.5	458.0	450.9	464.3	463.4	464.9	1.5
Electronics and appliance stores	472.3	494.4	491.6	489.0	484.4	497.5	499.2	500.3	1.1
Building material and garden supply stores	1,273.1	1,205.4	1,244.1	1,304.1	1,229.8	1,255.0	1,256.4	1,259.2	2.8
Food and beverage stores	2,962.2	2,995.6	2,990.7	3,000.5	2,990.5	3,026.7	3,026.6	3,030.2	3.6
Health and personal care stores	1,008.0	1,024.8	1,022.5	1,023.3	1,015.6	1,028.8	1,030.1	1,030.1	0.0
Gasoline stations	869.4	879.7	884.8	893.4	877.6	896.4	898.4	900.9	2.5
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,333.6	1,325.4	1,325.8	1,324.0	1,382.7	1,376.3	1,377.0	1,373.7	-3.3
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	592.0	593.7	591.1	590.2	612.7	612.1	612.0	610.9	-1.1
General merchandise stores(1)	3,045.2	3,076.6	3,108.5	3,109.8	3,100.8	3,146.1	3,155.9	3,157.6	1.7
Department stores	1,310.2	1,307.5	1,304.4	1,297.2	1,350.6	1,339.0	1,339.6	1,333.2	-6.4
Miscellaneous store retailers	800.3	804.5	797.7	809.7	815.6	820.1	822.2	823.0	0.8
Nonstore retailers	485.7	515.8	517.8	518.0	499.9	524.9	529.2	531.3	2.1
Transportation and warehousing	4,550.9	4,678.3	4,692.1	4,706.3	4,593.9	4,734.8	4,742.9	4,758.1	15.2
Air transportation	439.1	441.3	442.3	445.4	439.5	444.6	443.6	445.3	1.7
Rail transportation	232.2	243.3	244.4	245.6	231.7	244.5	244.9	245.6	0.7
Water transportation	66.3	64.7	64.7	65.3	67.1	66.4	66.6	66.5	-0.1
Truck transportation	1,392.2	1,413.4	1,413.2	1,423.0	1,408.3	1,445.0	1,438.3	1,440.2	1.9
Transit and ground passenger transportation	475.0	481.6	483.9	484.2	461.2	469.1	471.3	470.9	-0.4
Pipeline transportation	46.8	47.9	48.2	48.8	47.1	47.9	48.3	48.5	0.2
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	27.0	24.4	24.9	28.1	30.0	31.0	30.6	30.8	0.2
Support activities for transportation	619.7	630.7	639.7	646.6	620.8	634.8	643.4	648.2	4.8
Couriers and messengers	529.7	582.5	579.9	569.0	555.8	594.9	598.3	601.8	3.5
Warehousing and storage	722.9	748.5	750.9	750.3	732.4	756.6	757.6	760.3	2.7
Utilities	549.2	555.9	558.3	559.0	550.5	558.9	559.9	561.2	1.3
Information	2,720	2,769	2,776	2,780	2,728	2,780	2,780	2,783	3
Publishing industries, except Internet	723.7	717.1	716.9	716.5	726.0	720.3	719.3	718.7	-0.6
Motion picture and sound recording industries	378.5	381.5	383.2	390.7	380.2	385.6	382.3	385.5	3.2
Broadcasting, except Internet	282.8	287.2	289.0	289.7	283.1	288.6	289.7	290.5	0.8
Telecommunications	847.4	862.1	863.2	856.3	849.7	861.6	863.2	861.5	-1.7
Data processing, hosting and related services	276.5	290.6	292.2	294.6	276.1	291.5	292.6	292.7	0.1
Other information services	210.6	230.9	231.4	232.0	212.6	231.9	232.9	233.6	0.7
Financial activities	7,908	8,025	8,041	8,057	7,942	8,077	8,084	8,093	9
Finance and insurance	5,888.2	5,991.0	5,998.2	5,999.6	5,906.5	6,002.4	6,009.0	6,018.5	9.5
Monetary authorities - central bank	18.3	18.4	18.4	18.2	18.4	18.6	18.6	18.5	-0.1
Credit intermediation and related activities(1)	2,555.6	2,563.2	2,563.8	2,559.8	2,563.6	2,568.3	2,569.9	2,570.6	0.7
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,707.7	1,697.0	1,695.6	1,692.9	1,710.7	1,698.8	1,698.0	1,696.3	-1.7
Commercial banking	1,296.0	1,281.8	1,279.6	1,275.7	1,297.8	1,281.7	1,280.2	1,277.8	-2.4
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	874.4	892.6	890.7	894.3	876.4	894.3	892.6	896.4	3.8
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,439.9	2,516.8	2,525.3	2,527.3	2,448.1	2,521.2	2,527.9	2,533.0	5.1
Real estate and rental and leasing	2,019.7	2,033.5	2,043.0	2,057.0	2,035.2	2,074.2	2,075.2	2,074.0	-1.2
Real estate	1,472.3	1,481.7	1,488.4	1,499.9	1,481.0	1,505.5	1,508.1	1,509.7	1.6
Rental and leasing services	523.9	528.9	531.6	534.0	530.5	545.4	543.9	541.1	-2.8
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.5	22.9	23.0	23.1	23.7	23.3	23.2	23.2	0.0
Professional and business services	18,917	19,236	19,342	19,604	18,951	19,508	19,543	19,605	62
Professional and technical services(1)	8,351.5	8,603.7	8,620.5	8,661.9	8,283.9	8,539.2	8,562.7	8,583.4	20.7
Legal services	1,116.0	1,114.7	1,116.0	1,117.7	1,120.1	1,121.2	1,119.8	1,122.1	2.3
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,046.2	1,119.3	1,116.7	1,097.7	947.8	991.1	999.0	997.5	-1.5
Architectural and engineering services	1,356.8	1,388.9	1,396.0	1,411.6	1,367.8	1,410.5	1,415.6	1,419.3	3.7
Computer systems design and related services	1,761.0	1,825.9	1,821.7	1,844.7	1,764.7	1,829.9	1,834.2	1,843.3	9.1
Management and technical consulting services	1,218.2	1,280.7	1,284.1	1,294.6	1,224.2	1,292.0	1,296.2	1,302.2	6.0
Management of companies and enterprises	2,158.1	2,182.3	2,191.9	2,189.8	2,167.0	2,193.8	2,198.8	2,198.4	-0.4
Administrative and waste services	8,407.6	8,450.4	8,529.4	8,752.7	8,499.9	8,775.2	8,781.9	8,823.2	41.3
Administrative and support services(1)	8,027.8	8,066.9	8,145.8	8,363.5	8,115.9	8,383.2	8,389.9	8,429.3	39.4
Employment services(1)	3,301.9	3,379.9	3,425.7	3,491.4	3,371.5	3,519.6	3,534.4	3,546.6	12.2
Temporary help services	2,667.7	2,729.2	2,768.8	2,827.1	2,729.4	2,851.1	2,864.3	2,880.4	16.1
Business support services	869.5	912.6	908.4	913.9	877.9	910.6	912.1	919.3	7.2
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,924.0	1,801.7	1,831.2	1,970.1	1,928.0	1,962.2	1,954.3	1,970.0	15.7
Waste management and remediation services	379.8	383.5	383.6	389.2	384.0	392.0	392.0	393.9	1.9
Education and health services	21,524	21,917	22,005	22,103	21,353	21,821	21,856	21,917	61
Educational services	3,574.7	3,593.4	3,618.3	3,640.1	3,406.5	3,454.3	3,459.6	3,464.8	5.2
Health care and social assistance	17,948.8	18,323.3	18,387.0	18,462.7	17,946.6	18,366.2	18,396.8	18,452.4	55.6
Health care(3)	14,587.2	14,887.6	14,927.5	14,986.5	14,611.0	14,934.2	14,955.8	15,001.0	45.2
Ambulatory health care services(1)	6,577.1	6,784.3	6,809.8	6,849.1	6,586.1	6,807.6	6,826.4	6,851.7	25.3
Offices of physicians	2,451.6	2,518.3	2,525.0	2,536.1	2,458.2	2,523.7	2,529.0	2,538.3	9.3
Outpatient care centers	703.8	728.7	732.2	736.4	703.9	729.6	732.6	736.0	3.4
Home health care services	1,245.9	1,286.7	1,294.6	1,303.7	1,246.8	1,295.4	1,300.2	1,302.9	2.7
Hospitals	4,761.4	4,831.3	4,844.6	4,854.6	4,772.2	4,839.2	4,846.8	4,858.6	11.8
Nursing and residential care facilities(1)	3,248.7	3,272.0	3,273.1	3,282.8	3,252.7	3,287.4	3,282.6	3,290.7	8.1
Nursing care facilities	1,649.1	1,646.7	1,644.7	1,648.5	1,651.0	1,655.3	1,649.3	1,652.3	3.0
Social assistance(1)	3,361.6	3,435.7	3,459.5	3,476.2	3,335.6	3,432.0	3,441.0	3,451.4	10.4
Child day care services	869.8	876.0	886.0	890.3	847.9	863.1	865.5	867.5	2.0
Leisure and hospitality	14,527	14,415	14,636	14,980	14,610	15,033	15,027	15,044	17
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	2,036.6	1,917.4	1,983.0	2,087.8	2,088.2	2,128.8	2,133.3	2,131.1	-2.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	456.5	419.3	442.8	471.2	442.5	454.6	460.1	459.0	-1.1
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	143.3	133.2	137.3	143.8	145.2	144.4	144.6	145.0	0.4
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,436.8	1,364.9	1,402.9	1,472.8	1,500.5	1,529.8	1,528.6	1,527.1	-1.5
Accommodation and food services	12,490.7	12,497.2	12,652.9	12,892.6	12,521.5	12,903.7	12,893.7	12,912.6	18.9
Accommodation	1,841.9	1,816.6	1,835.2	1,849.2	1,887.5	1,901.0	1,898.4	1,891.3	-7.1
Food services and drinking places	10,648.8	10,680.6	10,817.7	11,043.4	10,634.0	11,002.7	10,995.3	11,021.3	26.0
Other services	5,562	5,574	5,599	5,629	5,567	5,626	5,627	5,633	6
Repair and maintenance	1,244.4	1,255.6	1,264.0	1,270.6	1,240.6	1,265.8	1,265.5	1,265.3	-0.2
Personal and laundry services	1,365.8	1,361.5	1,372.9	1,388.6	1,363.7	1,379.0	1,381.8	1,386.1	4.3
Membership associations and organizations	2,951.3	2,956.4	2,962.5	2,969.9	2,962.9	2,980.9	2,980.1	2,981.3	1.2
Government	22,270	22,202	22,288	22,336	21,843	21,906	21,897	21,907	10
Federal	2,728.0	2,715.0	2,719.0	2,742.0	2,726.0	2,731.0	2,730.0	2,732.0	2.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,128.2	2,122.0	2,125.9	2,135.2	2,134.0	2,136.0	2,135.3	2,136.0	0.7
U.S. Postal Service	599.7	593.2	592.8	606.4	591.6	595.4	595.0	596.0	1.0
State government	5,224.0	5,216.0	5,239.0	5,247.0	5,060.0	5,086.0	5,082.0	5,083.0	1.0
State government education	2,573.6	2,582.3	2,600.3	2,607.3	2,408.7	2,441.6	2,438.2	2,441.5	3.3
State government, excluding education	2,649.9	2,633.9	2,638.3	2,639.3	2,651.1	2,644.6	2,644.2	2,641.4	-2.8
Local government	14,318.0	14,271.0	14,330.0	14,347.0	14,057.0	14,089.0	14,085.0	14,092.0	7.0
Local government education	8,125.8	8,101.5	8,133.6	8,122.1	7,781.9	7,791.4	7,782.6	7,786.0	3.4
Local government, excluding education	6,191.8	6,169.9	6,196.3	6,225.3	6,274.9	6,297.3	6,302.1	6,305.9	3.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.5	34.6	34.5	34.5
Goods-producing	40.5	40.6	40.4	40.3
Mining and logging	44.6	44.6	44.5	44.3
Construction	39.1	39.5	39.0	38.9
Manufacturing	40.9	41.0	40.9	40.8
Durable goods	41.4	41.3	41.3	41.1
Nondurable goods	40.0	40.3	40.2	40.2
Private service-providing	33.3	33.4	33.4	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.6	34.5	34.5
Wholesale trade	38.8	38.9	38.8	38.7
Retail trade	31.4	31.4	31.3	31.3
Transportation and warehousing	38.7	39.0	38.8	38.9
Utilities	42.3	42.5	43.0	42.6
Information	36.8	36.5	36.4	36.4
Financial activities	37.1	37.5	37.5	37.6
Professional and business services	36.2	36.2	36.2	36.0
Education and health services	32.7	32.8	32.8	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	26.2	26.4	26.2	26.2
Other services	31.8	31.8	31.7	31.7
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.2
Durable goods	3.6	3.4	3.3	3.2
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.3
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)
Total private	$24.34	$24.78	$24.84	$24.87	$839.73	$857.39	$856.98	$858.02
Goods-producing	25.57	25.92	26.05	26.08	1,035.59	1,052.35	1,052.42	1,051.02
Mining and logging	30.65	30.84	30.98	30.90	1,366.99	1,375.46	1,378.61	1,368.87
Construction	26.57	26.95	27.23	27.28	1,038.89	1,064.53	1,061.97	1,061.19
Manufacturing	24.68	25.02	25.09	25.12	1,009.41	1,025.82	1,026.18	1,024.90
Durable goods	26.05	26.36	26.40	26.43	1,078.47	1,088.67	1,090.32	1,086.27
Nondurable goods	22.29	22.64	22.76	22.81	891.60	912.39	914.95	916.96
Private service-providing	24.05	24.51	24.56	24.58	800.87	818.63	820.30	818.51
Trade, transportation, and utilities	21.35	21.67	21.66	21.67	736.58	749.78	747.27	747.62
Wholesale trade	28.07	28.36	28.41	28.46	1,089.12	1,103.20	1,102.31	1,101.40
Retail trade	16.94	17.33	17.29	17.32	531.92	544.16	541.18	542.12
Transportation and warehousing	22.93	22.91	22.84	22.76	887.39	893.49	886.19	885.36
Utilities	35.29	36.65	36.94	36.97	1,492.77	1,557.63	1,588.42	1,574.92
Information	33.88	34.48	34.55	34.62	1,246.78	1,258.52	1,257.62	1,260.17
Financial activities	30.56	31.22	31.31	31.37	1,133.78	1,170.75	1,174.13	1,179.51
Professional and business services	29.11	29.74	29.83	29.89	1,053.78	1,076.59	1,079.85	1,076.04
Education and health services	24.60	25.03	25.07	25.07	804.42	820.98	822.30	822.30
Leisure and hospitality	13.77	14.25	14.23	14.31	360.77	376.20	372.83	374.92
Other services	21.84	22.27	22.25	22.21	694.51	708.19	705.33	704.06
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2015 - Apr. 2015(p)	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2015 - Apr. 2015(p)
Total private	100.5	103.1	102.8	103.0	0.2	116.8	121.9	121.9	122.3	0.3
Goods-producing	88.3	90.5	89.9	89.9	0.0	102.0	106.0	105.9	105.9	0.0
Mining and logging	124.2	125.0	123.1	120.4	-2.2	152.8	154.8	153.1	149.4	-2.4
Construction	82.3	86.4	85.2	85.6	0.5	95.0	101.2	100.8	101.5	0.7
Manufacturing	89.3	90.9	90.7	90.4	-0.3	102.5	105.7	105.8	105.7	-0.1
Durable goods	89.1	90.7	90.7	90.3	-0.4	103.0	106.2	106.4	105.9	-0.5
Nondurable goods	89.9	90.9	90.7	90.7	0.0	101.6	104.5	104.7	105.0	0.3
Private service-providing	103.8	106.4	106.6	106.4	-0.2	121.0	126.5	126.9	126.9	0.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	98.5	100.7	100.5	100.6	0.1	113.2	117.4	117.2	117.4	0.2
Wholesale trade	98.3	100.1	100.0	99.7	-0.3	115.2	118.5	118.6	118.4	-0.2
Retail trade	97.6	99.2	99.1	99.1	0.0	109.3	113.7	113.2	113.5	0.3
Transportation and warehousing	101.8	105.7	105.3	105.9	0.6	118.4	122.9	122.1	122.4	0.2
Utilities	100.7	102.8	104.2	103.4	-0.8	117.5	124.4	127.1	126.3	-0.6
Information	91.7	92.7	92.4	92.5	0.1	110.6	113.8	113.7	114.0	0.3
Financial activities	96.5	99.2	99.3	99.7	0.4	115.0	120.8	121.3	121.9	0.5
Professional and business services	107.9	111.1	111.3	111.0	-0.3	127.2	133.8	134.5	134.4	-0.1
Education and health services	112.1	114.9	115.1	115.4	0.3	129.9	135.4	135.9	136.3	0.3
Leisure and hospitality	109.2	113.2	112.3	112.5	0.2	121.3	130.2	129.0	129.8	0.6
Other services	98.1	99.1	98.8	98.9	0.1	121.6	125.3	124.8	124.7	-0.1
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)
Total nonfarm	68,344	69,549	69,627	69,695	49.4	49.3	49.3	49.3
Total private	55,869	57,018	57,105	57,169	47.9	47.9	47.9	47.9
Goods-producing	4,185	4,269	4,271	4,275	21.9	21.8	21.9	21.8
Mining and logging	117	122	121	119	13.2	13.7	13.8	13.8
Construction	770	799	798	805	12.6	12.6	12.6	12.6
Manufacturing	3,298	3,348	3,352	3,351	27.2	27.2	27.2	27.2
Durable goods	1,758	1,805	1,808	1,809	23.0	23.1	23.2	23.2
Nondurable goods	1,540	1,543	1,544	1,542	34.2	34.1	34.2	34.1
Private service-providing	51,684	52,749	52,834	52,894	53.1	53.0	53.0	53.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,648	10,830	10,861	10,858	40.5	40.5	40.5	40.5
Wholesale trade	1,717.0	1,729.8	1,737.7	1,736.9	29.6	29.3	29.4	29.4
Retail trade	7,712.1	7,844.3	7,865.0	7,858.9	50.4	50.4	50.5	50.4
Transportation and warehousing	1,085.0	1,121.7	1,123.8	1,127.8	23.6	23.7	23.7	23.7
Utilities	133.9	133.7	134.4	134.5	24.3	23.9	24.0	24.0
Information	1,094	1,117	1,118	1,113	40.1	40.2	40.2	40.0
Financial activities	4,561	4,619	4,628	4,630	57.4	57.2	57.2	57.2
Professional and business services	8,467	8,672	8,695	8,709	44.7	44.5	44.5	44.4
Education and health services	16,408	16,780	16,813	16,858	76.8	76.9	76.9	76.9
Leisure and hospitality	7,595	7,791	7,777	7,784	52.0	51.8	51.8	51.7
Other services	2,911	2,940	2,942	2,942	52.3	52.3	52.3	52.2
Government	12,475	12,531	12,522	12,526	57.1	57.2	57.2	57.2
Footnotes (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[In thousands]

Industry	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)
Total private	96,322	98,262	98,334	98,446
Goods-producing	13,807	14,108	14,084	14,102
Mining and logging	653	654	645	633
Construction	4,620	4,780	4,766	4,809
Manufacturing	8,534	8,674	8,673	8,660
Durable goods	5,260	5,372	5,372	5,364
Nondurable goods	3,274	3,302	3,301	3,296
Private service-providing	82,515	84,154	84,250	84,344
Trade, transportation, and utilities	22,199	22,539	22,578	22,568
Wholesale trade	4,699.4	4,756.4	4,753.7	4,748.7
Retail trade	13,079.9	13,237.7	13,273.4	13,263.2
Transportation and warehousing	3,974.7	4,094.7	4,100.9	4,105.2
Utilities	445.0	449.9	450.2	451.0
Information	2,212	2,253	2,253	2,255
Financial activities	6,129	6,232	6,240	6,244
Professional and business services	15,687	16,074	16,082	16,123
Education and health services	18,751	19,151	19,178	19,226
Leisure and hospitality	12,897	13,225	13,235	13,244
Other services	4,640	4,680	4,684	4,684
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.8	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	41.4	41.5	41.2	41.2
Mining and logging	47.1	46.6	46.4	46.2
Construction	39.8	39.9	39.4	39.5
Manufacturing	41.9	41.9	41.8	41.8
Durable goods	42.4	42.2	42.1	42.0
Nondurable goods	41.1	41.5	41.4	41.5
Private service-providing	32.4	32.5	32.4	32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.6	33.8	33.6	33.6
Wholesale trade	38.6	38.6	38.6	38.5
Retail trade	30.1	30.2	30.0	30.0
Transportation and warehousing	38.4	38.7	38.7	38.8
Utilities	42.3	42.5	42.9	42.2
Information	35.9	36.0	35.9	36.0
Financial activities	36.6	36.9	37.0	37.0
Professional and business services	35.5	35.5	35.4	35.2
Education and health services	32.0	32.0	32.0	32.2
Leisure and hospitality	25.2	25.2	25.0	25.0
Other services	30.7	30.8	30.7	30.6
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.4	4.3	4.3	4.3
Durable goods	4.6	4.3	4.3	4.2
Nondurable goods	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)
Total private	$20.52	$20.82	$20.88	$20.90	$691.52	$703.72	$703.66	$704.33
Goods-producing	21.51	21.71	21.82	21.84	890.51	900.97	898.98	899.81
Mining and logging	26.53	26.46	26.43	26.26	1,249.56	1,233.04	1,226.35	1,213.21
Construction	24.61	24.78	25.08	25.10	979.48	988.72	988.15	991.45
Manufacturing	19.49	19.70	19.76	19.78	816.63	825.43	825.97	826.80
Durable goods	20.60	20.79	20.84	20.83	873.44	877.34	877.36	874.86
Nondurable goods	17.66	17.91	17.96	18.04	725.83	743.27	743.54	748.66
Private service-providing	20.31	20.63	20.67	20.69	658.04	670.48	669.71	670.36
Trade, transportation, and utilities	18.23	18.50	18.56	18.55	612.53	625.30	623.62	623.28
Wholesale trade	23.24	23.43	23.52	23.55	897.06	904.40	907.87	906.68
Retail trade	14.34	14.63	14.65	14.67	431.63	441.83	439.50	440.10
Transportation and warehousing	20.51	20.72	20.76	20.66	787.58	801.86	803.41	801.61
Utilities	32.81	33.53	33.98	34.01	1,387.86	1,425.03	1,457.74	1,435.22
Information	28.59	28.63	28.52	28.69	1,026.38	1,030.68	1,023.87	1,032.84
Financial activities	24.54	25.12	25.18	25.25	898.16	926.93	931.66	934.25
Professional and business services	24.22	24.46	24.53	24.56	859.81	868.33	868.36	864.51
Education and health services	21.54	21.93	21.92	21.92	689.28	701.76	701.44	705.82
Leisure and hospitality	11.97	12.34	12.34	12.38	301.64	310.97	308.50	309.50
Other services	18.42	18.77	18.78	18.76	565.49	578.12	576.55	574.06
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2015 - Apr. 2015(p)	Apr. 2014	Feb. 2015	Mar. 2015(p)	Apr. 2015(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2015 - Apr. 2015(p)
Total private	108.2	110.7	110.4	110.6	0.2	148.3	154.0	154.1	154.4	0.2
Goods-producing	87.3	89.5	88.7	88.8	0.1	115.1	118.9	118.5	118.7	0.2
Mining and logging	163.4	162.0	159.0	155.4	-2.3	252.2	249.2	244.5	237.3	-2.9
Construction	92.1	95.5	94.0	95.1	1.2	122.3	127.8	127.3	128.9	1.3
Manufacturing	82.1	83.4	83.2	83.1	-0.1	104.6	107.5	107.5	107.5	0.0
Durable goods	83.8	85.2	85.0	84.7	-0.4	107.8	110.6	110.6	110.1	-0.5
Nondurable goods	79.3	80.7	80.5	80.6	0.1	98.9	102.2	102.2	102.7	0.5
Private service-providing	113.9	116.5	116.3	116.4	0.1	158.6	164.8	164.8	165.2	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	104.0	106.2	105.8	105.7	-0.1	135.2	140.2	140.0	139.9	-0.1
Wholesale trade	106.8	108.1	108.1	107.7	-0.4	146.2	149.2	149.7	149.4	-0.2
Retail trade	99.7	101.2	100.8	100.7	-0.1	122.5	126.9	126.6	126.6	0.0
Transportation and warehousing	114.9	119.3	119.5	119.9	0.3	149.5	156.8	157.3	157.1	-0.1
Utilities	96.3	97.8	98.8	97.3	-1.5	131.8	136.9	140.1	138.2	-1.4
Information	90.6	92.6	92.3	92.7	0.4	128.3	131.2	130.3	131.6	1.0
Financial activities	105.6	108.3	108.7	108.8	0.1	159.4	167.3	168.4	169.0	0.4
Professional and business services	124.8	127.9	127.6	127.2	-0.3	179.9	186.1	186.2	185.9	-0.2
Education and health services	128.1	130.8	131.0	132.1	0.8	182.0	189.2	189.4	191.1	0.9
Leisure and hospitality	119.0	122.1	121.2	121.3	0.1	161.8	171.1	169.8	170.5	0.4
Other services	99.9	101.1	100.8	100.5	-0.3	134.1	138.3	138.0	137.4	-0.4
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.