Transmission of material in this release is embargoed                   USDL-14-0701
until 8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, May 2, 2014

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- APRIL 2014


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 288,000, and the unemployment rate 
fell by 0.4 percentage point to 6.3 percent in April, the U.S. Bureau of Labor 
Statistics reported today. Employment gains were widespread, led by job growth 
in professional and business services, retail trade, food services and drinking 
places, and construction.

Household Survey Data

In April, the unemployment rate fell from 6.7 percent to 6.3 percent, and the 
number of unemployed persons, at 9.8 million, decreased by 733,000. Both 
measures had shown little movement over the prior 4 months. Over the year, the
unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons declined by 1.2 
percentage points and 1.9 million, respectively. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, unemployment rates declined in April for adult 
men (5.9 percent), adult women (5.7 percent), teenagers (19.1 percent), whites 
(5.3 percent), blacks (11.6 percent), and Hispanics (7.3 percent). The jobless 
rate for Asians was 5.7 percent (not seasonally adjusted), little changed over 
the year. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

In April, the number of unemployed reentrants and new entrants declined by 
417,000 and 126,000, respectively. (Reentrants are persons who previously 
worked but were not in the labor force prior to beginning their job search, 
and new entrants are persons who have never worked.) The number of job losers 
and persons who completed temporary jobs decreased by 253,000 to 5.2 million. 
(See table A-11.) 

The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) 
declined by 287,000 in April to 3.5 million; these individuals accounted for 
35.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, the number of long-term 
unemployed has decreased by 908,000. (See table A-12.)

The civilian labor force dropped by 806,000 in April, following an increase of 
503,000 in March. The labor force participation rate fell by 0.4 percentage 
point to 62.8 percent in April. The participation rate has shown no clear trend 
in recent months and currently is the same as it was this past October. The 
employment-population ratio showed no change over the month (58.9 percent) and 
has changed little over the year. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred 
to as involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 7.5 million in April. 
These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut back 
or because they were unable to find full-time work. (See table A-8.)

In April, 2.2 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down 
slightly from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These 
individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, 
and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted 
as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding 
the survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 783,000 discouraged workers in April, 
little changed from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) 
Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they 
believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4 million persons 
marginally attached to the labor force in April had not searched for work for 
reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 288,000 in April. Job growth 
had averaged 190,000 per month over the prior 12 months. In April, employment 
growth was widespread, led by gains in professional and business services, 
retail trade, food services and drinking places, and construction. (See 
table B-1.)

Professional and business services added 75,000 jobs in April. Employment in 
this industry had increased by an average of 55,000 per month over the prior 
12 months. In April, employment growth continued in temporary help services 
(+24,000), in management of companies and enterprises (+12,000), and in 
computer systems design and related services (+9,000).

Retail trade employment rose by 35,000 in April. Over the past 12 months, 
employment in this industry has grown by 327,000. Within retail trade, job 
growth over the month occurred in food and beverage stores (+9,000), general 
merchandise stores (+8,000), motor vehicle and parts dealers (+6,000), and 
nonstore retailers (+4,000). Electronics and appliance stores lost 11,000 
jobs in April. Wholesale trade added 16,000 jobs over the month and has added 
126,000 jobs over the year. 

In April, employment rose in food services and drinking places (+33,000), 
about in line with its prior 12-month average gain of 28,000 per month.  

In April, employment in construction grew by 32,000, with job growth in heavy 
and civil engineering construction (+11,000) and residential building (+7,000). 
Construction has added 189,000 jobs over the past year, with almost three-fourths 
of the gain occurring in the past 6 months.  

Health care employment increased by 19,000 in April, about in line with the 
prior 12-month average gain of 17,000 per month. Employment in other services, 
which includes membership associations and personal and laundry services, rose 
by 15,000 over the month.  

Mining added 10,000 jobs in April, with most of the gain in support activities 
for mining (+7,000). 

Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, transportation 
and warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, changed 
little over the month. 

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged 
at 34.5 hours in April. The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.2 hour in 
April to 40.8 hours, and factory overtime was unchanged at 3.5 hours. The average 
workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls 
was unchanged at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In April, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls 
were unchanged at $24.31. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings 
have risen by 1.9 percent. In April, average hourly earnings of private-sector 
production and nonsupervisory employees edged up by 3 cents to $20.50. (See 
tables B-3 and B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for February was revised from 
+197,000 to +222,000, and the change for March was revised from +192,000 to 
+203,000. With these revisions, employment gains in February and March were 
36,000 higher than previously reported. 

_____________
The Employment Situation for May is scheduled to be released on Friday, June 6, 
2014, at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).



    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   |                                                                      |
   |          Upcoming Changes to the Establishment Survey Data           |
   |                                                                      |
   | Effective with the release of July 2014 data on August 1, 2014, the  |
   | establishment survey will implement new sample units into production |
   | on a quarterly basis, replacing the current practice of implementing |
   | new sample units annually. There is no change to the establishment   |
   | survey sample design. More information about the quarterly sample    |
   | implementation is available at www.bls.gov/ces/cesqsi.htm.           |
   |                                                                      |
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
    

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Change from: Mar. 2014- Apr. 2014
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population	245,175	247,085	247,258	247,439	181
Civilian labor force	155,359	155,724	156,227	155,421	-806
Participation rate	63.4	63.0	63.2	62.8	-0.4
Employed	143,676	145,266	145,742	145,669	-73
Employment-population ratio	58.6	58.8	58.9	58.9	0.0
Unemployed	11,683	10,459	10,486	9,753	-733
Unemployment rate	7.5	6.7	6.7	6.3	-0.4
Not in labor force	89,815	91,361	91,030	92,018	988
Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over	7.5	6.7	6.7	6.3	-0.4
Adult men (20 years and over)	7.1	6.4	6.2	5.9	-0.3
Adult women (20 years and over)	6.6	5.9	6.2	5.7	-0.5
Teenagers (16 to 19 years)	23.7	21.4	20.9	19.1	-1.8
White	6.6	5.8	5.8	5.3	-0.5
Black or African American	13.1	12.0	12.4	11.6	-0.8
Asian (not seasonally adjusted)	5.1	6.0	5.4	5.7	-
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity	9.0	8.1	7.9	7.3	-0.6
Total, 25 years and over	6.1	5.5	5.4	5.2	-0.2
Less than a high school diploma	11.5	9.8	9.6	8.9	-0.7
High school graduates, no college	7.5	6.4	6.3	6.3	0.0
Some college or associate degree	6.3	6.2	6.1	5.7	-0.4
Bachelor's degree and higher	3.9	3.4	3.4	3.3	-0.1
Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	6,367	5,448	5,489	5,236	-253
Job leavers	857	823	815	784	-31
Reentrants	3,131	2,997	3,037	2,620	-417
New entrants	1,268	1,229	1,169	1,043	-126
Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks	2,491	2,373	2,461	2,447	-14
5 to 14 weeks	2,844	2,568	2,581	2,359	-222
15 to 26 weeks	1,969	1,615	1,677	1,533	-144
27 weeks and over	4,360	3,849	3,739	3,452	-287
Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons	7,929	7,186	7,411	7,465	54
Slack work or business conditions	5,124	4,251	4,512	4,555	43
Could only find part-time work	2,549	2,692	2,731	2,669	-62
Part time for noneconomic reasons	18,921	19,027	19,216	18,886	-330
Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force	2,347	2,303	2,168	2,160	-
Discouraged workers	835	755	698	783	-
- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted

Category	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)
EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm	203	222	203	288
Total private	188	201	202	273
Goods-producing	-11	48	29	53
Mining and logging	-3	4	5	9
Construction	-2	24	17	32
Manufacturing	-6	20	7	12
Durable goods(1)	0	17	14	11
Motor vehicles and parts	-0.7	11.8	0.4	5.2
Nondurable goods	-6	3	-7	1
Private service-providing(1)	199	153	173	220
Wholesale trade	5.7	14.7	4.4	15.7
Retail trade	22.6	-5.6	24.8	34.5
Transportation and warehousing	5.7	-4.9	12.0	11.3
Information	-6	-11	-1	-3
Financial activities	10	10	0	6
Professional and business services(1)	72	82	52	75
Temporary help services	22.0	25.4	24.7	24.0
Education and health services(1)	51	32	37	40
Health care and social assistance	44.1	23.8	31.0	27.9
Leisure and hospitality	33	35	34	28
Other services	4	1	7	15
Government	15	21	1	15
WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES(2) AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES
Total nonfarm women employees	49.4	49.4	49.4	49.4
Total private women employees	48.0	48.0	48.0	48.0
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees	82.6	82.7	82.7	82.7
HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	34.4	34.3	34.5	34.5
Average hourly earnings	$23.86	$24.29	$24.31	$24.31
Average weekly earnings	$820.78	$833.15	$838.70	$838.70
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)	98.0	99.4	100.1	100.4
Over-the-month percent change	-0.2	-0.1	0.7	0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)	111.6	115.2	116.2	116.5
Over-the-month percent change	0.1	0.2	0.9	0.3
HOURS AND EARNINGS PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours	33.7	33.4	33.7	33.7
Average hourly earnings	$20.04	$20.49	$20.47	$20.50
Average weekly earnings	$675.35	$684.37	$689.84	$690.85
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)	105.8	106.6	107.8	108.1
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	-0.4	1.1	0.3
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)(4)	141.6	146.0	147.5	148.1
Over-the-month percent change	-0.1	0.1	1.0	0.4
DIFFUSION INDEX(5) (Over 1-month span)
Total private (264 industries)	59.5	61.0	61.0	67.0
Manufacturing (81 industries)	46.9	53.1	53.7	58.6
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. (4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. (5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. (p) Preliminary

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of   employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a   smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change   than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

   In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment,
   employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Slightly more
   than 20 percent of all employees in the payroll survey sample have a weekly pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the effect
   of extreme weather on estimates of over-the-month change in employment.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the  household survey's most
   requested statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 144,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 554,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll employees.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal
activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment  surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 90,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-40,000 to +140,000 (50,000 +/- 90,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90- percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro- level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population	245,175	247,258	247,439	245,175	246,745	246,915	247,085	247,258	247,439
Civilian labor force	154,739	155,627	154,845	155,359	154,937	155,460	155,724	156,227	155,421
Participation rate	63.1	62.9	62.6	63.4	62.8	63.0	63.0	63.2	62.8
Employed	143,724	145,090	145,767	143,676	144,586	145,224	145,266	145,742	145,669
Employment-population ratio	58.6	58.7	58.9	58.6	58.6	58.8	58.8	58.9	58.9
Unemployed	11,014	10,537	9,079	11,683	10,351	10,236	10,459	10,486	9,753
Unemployment rate	7.1	6.8	5.9	7.5	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.3
Not in labor force	90,436	91,630	92,594	89,815	91,808	91,455	91,361	91,030	92,018
Persons who currently want a job	6,329	5,891	6,088	6,389	6,111	6,348	6,060	6,146	6,146
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	118,296	119,395	119,488	118,296	119,103	119,218	119,306	119,395	119,488
Civilian labor force	82,201	82,586	82,104	82,713	82,323	82,662	82,597	83,052	82,586
Participation rate	69.5	69.2	68.7	69.9	69.1	69.3	69.2	69.6	69.1
Employed	76,029	76,718	77,086	76,270	76,723	77,060	76,808	77,416	77,292
Employment-population ratio	64.3	64.3	64.5	64.5	64.4	64.6	64.4	64.8	64.7
Unemployed	6,172	5,868	5,018	6,443	5,599	5,602	5,789	5,636	5,294
Unemployment rate	7.5	7.1	6.1	7.8	6.8	6.8	7.0	6.8	6.4
Not in labor force	36,095	36,809	37,384	35,583	36,780	36,556	36,709	36,343	36,902
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	109,736	110,930	111,027	109,736	110,613	110,746	110,838	110,930	111,027
Civilian labor force	79,551	79,949	79,571	79,868	79,464	79,892	79,917	80,171	79,851
Participation rate	72.5	72.1	71.7	72.8	71.8	72.1	72.1	72.3	71.9
Employed	74,042	74,711	75,059	74,161	74,467	74,916	74,780	75,230	75,134
Employment-population ratio	67.5	67.3	67.6	67.6	67.3	67.6	67.5	67.8	67.7
Unemployed	5,509	5,238	4,512	5,707	4,997	4,975	5,137	4,941	4,718
Unemployment rate	6.9	6.6	5.7	7.1	6.3	6.2	6.4	6.2	5.9
Not in labor force	30,184	30,981	31,456	29,868	31,149	30,855	30,921	30,760	31,176
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	126,878	127,863	127,951	126,878	127,642	127,696	127,779	127,863	127,951
Civilian labor force	72,538	73,041	72,741	72,646	72,614	72,797	73,128	73,175	72,835
Participation rate	57.2	57.1	56.9	57.3	56.9	57.0	57.2	57.2	56.9
Employed	67,695	68,373	68,680	67,406	67,862	68,163	68,458	68,325	68,376
Employment-population ratio	53.4	53.5	53.7	53.1	53.2	53.4	53.6	53.4	53.4
Unemployed	4,843	4,669	4,061	5,240	4,752	4,634	4,670	4,850	4,459
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.4	5.6	7.2	6.5	6.4	6.4	6.6	6.1
Not in labor force	54,340	54,822	55,210	54,232	55,028	54,899	54,652	54,688	55,116
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	118,612	119,669	119,760	118,612	119,433	119,497	119,583	119,669	119,760
Civilian labor force	69,833	70,402	70,100	69,764	69,831	70,023	70,331	70,361	70,037
Participation rate	58.9	58.8	58.5	58.8	58.5	58.6	58.8	58.8	58.5
Employed	65,533	66,170	66,452	65,148	65,617	65,909	66,183	66,008	66,057
Employment-population ratio	55.3	55.3	55.5	54.9	54.9	55.2	55.3	55.2	55.2
Unemployed	4,300	4,232	3,648	4,616	4,214	4,114	4,148	4,352	3,980
Unemployment rate	6.2	6.0	5.2	6.6	6.0	5.9	5.9	6.2	5.7
Not in labor force	48,778	49,267	49,660	48,847	49,602	49,475	49,252	49,309	49,724
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population	16,827	16,658	16,652	16,827	16,700	16,671	16,664	16,658	16,652
Civilian labor force	5,355	5,276	5,174	5,727	5,642	5,545	5,476	5,696	5,534
Participation rate	31.8	31.7	31.1	34.0	33.8	33.3	32.9	34.2	33.2
Employed	4,149	4,209	4,256	4,368	4,502	4,399	4,303	4,503	4,479
Employment-population ratio	24.7	25.3	25.6	26.0	27.0	26.4	25.8	27.0	26.9
Unemployed	1,206	1,066	918	1,360	1,140	1,147	1,173	1,193	1,055
Unemployment rate	22.5	20.2	17.7	23.7	20.2	20.7	21.4	20.9	19.1
Not in labor force	11,473	11,382	11,478	11,100	11,058	11,125	11,188	10,962	11,119
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, race, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population	194,041	195,117	195,210	194,041	194,927	194,944	195,029	195,117	195,210
Civilian labor force	123,048	123,157	122,659	123,544	122,879	123,500	123,641	123,763	123,111
Participation rate	63.4	63.1	62.8	63.7	63.0	63.4	63.4	63.4	63.1
Employed	115,231	115,851	116,536	115,338	115,623	116,409	116,447	116,581	116,601
Employment-population ratio	59.4	59.4	59.7	59.4	59.3	59.7	59.7	59.7	59.7
Unemployed	7,817	7,306	6,123	8,206	7,256	7,091	7,193	7,183	6,510
Unemployment rate	6.4	5.9	5.0	6.6	5.9	5.7	5.8	5.8	5.3
Not in labor force	70,993	71,959	72,550	70,497	72,048	71,444	71,388	71,353	72,099
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	64,441	64,407	64,216	64,687	64,221	64,551	64,594	64,724	64,445
Participation rate	73.0	72.4	72.1	73.3	72.3	72.6	72.6	72.7	72.4
Employed	60,450	60,730	61,097	60,552	60,637	61,048	61,020	61,282	61,182
Employment-population ratio	68.5	68.3	68.6	68.6	68.3	68.7	68.6	68.9	68.7
Unemployed	3,992	3,677	3,119	4,134	3,584	3,503	3,574	3,441	3,264
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.7	4.9	6.4	5.6	5.4	5.5	5.3	5.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	54,300	54,537	54,358	54,233	54,173	54,505	54,635	54,509	54,277
Participation rate	58.3	58.2	58.0	58.2	57.8	58.2	58.3	58.1	57.9
Employed	51,374	51,674	51,984	51,149	51,308	51,695	51,822	51,597	51,730
Employment-population ratio	55.1	55.1	55.4	54.9	54.8	55.2	55.3	55.0	55.2
Unemployed	2,926	2,864	2,374	3,084	2,866	2,810	2,813	2,911	2,547
Unemployment rate	5.4	5.3	4.4	5.7	5.3	5.2	5.1	5.3	4.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	4,307	4,213	4,085	4,624	4,485	4,444	4,412	4,531	4,389
Participation rate	34.4	34.0	33.0	36.9	36.1	35.8	35.6	36.5	35.4
Employed	3,408	3,448	3,455	3,636	3,678	3,666	3,606	3,701	3,690
Employment-population ratio	27.2	27.8	27.9	29.0	29.6	29.5	29.1	29.9	29.8
Unemployed	899	765	630	988	806	777	807	830	699
Unemployment rate	20.9	18.2	15.4	21.4	18.0	17.5	18.3	18.3	15.9
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	30,290	30,719	30,755	30,290	30,569	30,651	30,685	30,719	30,755
Civilian labor force	18,532	18,763	18,675	18,605	18,401	18,558	18,654	18,756	18,720
Participation rate	61.2	61.1	60.7	61.4	60.2	60.5	60.8	61.1	60.9
Employed	16,240	16,501	16,682	16,162	16,215	16,310	16,416	16,437	16,556
Employment-population ratio	53.6	53.7	54.2	53.4	53.0	53.2	53.5	53.5	53.8
Unemployed	2,292	2,262	1,993	2,442	2,186	2,249	2,237	2,319	2,164
Unemployment rate	12.4	12.1	10.7	13.1	11.9	12.1	12.0	12.4	11.6
Not in labor force	11,758	11,956	12,080	11,685	12,168	12,093	12,031	11,963	12,035
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	8,326	8,531	8,391	8,377	8,255	8,367	8,430	8,496	8,435
Participation rate	67.0	67.3	66.1	67.5	65.6	66.2	66.6	67.0	66.4
Employed	7,287	7,471	7,520	7,313	7,302	7,359	7,345	7,470	7,522
Employment-population ratio	58.7	58.9	59.2	58.9	58.0	58.2	58.0	58.9	59.2
Unemployed	1,039	1,059	872	1,065	953	1,008	1,085	1,026	913
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.4	10.4	12.7	11.5	12.0	12.9	12.1	10.8
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,543	9,635	9,626	9,514	9,451	9,525	9,594	9,614	9,583
Participation rate	62.4	62.1	62.0	62.2	61.2	61.5	61.9	62.0	61.7
Employed	8,531	8,628	8,722	8,425	8,466	8,537	8,646	8,554	8,590
Employment-population ratio	55.8	55.6	56.1	55.1	54.8	55.1	55.8	55.1	55.3
Unemployed	1,012	1,006	903	1,090	986	988	948	1,060	993
Unemployment rate	10.6	10.4	9.4	11.5	10.4	10.4	9.9	11.0	10.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	663	598	658	713	694	666	630	646	701
Participation rate	25.7	23.7	26.2	27.6	27.4	26.4	24.9	25.6	27.9
Employed	422	401	440	425	448	413	425	413	443
Employment-population ratio	16.3	15.9	17.5	16.5	17.7	16.4	16.9	16.4	17.6
Unemployed	241	197	218	288	246	253	204	233	258
Unemployment rate	36.4	32.9	33.2	40.4	35.5	38.0	32.4	36.1	36.8
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population	13,244	13,769	13,841	-	-	-	-	-	-
Civilian labor force	8,456	8,889	8,782	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	63.9	64.6	63.4	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	8,025	8,409	8,283	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	60.6	61.1	59.8	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	431	480	498	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	5.1	5.4	5.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Not in labor force	4,788	4,880	5,059	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted(1)
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population	37,320	38,126	38,203	37,320	37,955	37,976	38,053	38,126	38,203
Civilian labor force	24,475	25,158	25,028	24,531	24,863	25,053	25,061	25,266	25,055
Participation rate	65.6	66.0	65.5	65.7	65.5	66.0	65.9	66.3	65.6
Employed	22,412	23,126	23,343	22,327	22,805	22,961	23,021	23,264	23,232
Employment-population ratio	60.1	60.7	61.1	59.8	60.1	60.5	60.5	61.0	60.8
Unemployed	2,063	2,031	1,685	2,205	2,058	2,092	2,040	2,002	1,824
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.1	6.7	9.0	8.3	8.4	8.1	7.9	7.3
Not in labor force	12,845	12,968	13,175	12,788	13,092	12,923	12,992	12,859	13,148
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	13,640	13,922	13,869	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	81.1	80.8	80.3	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	12,602	12,968	13,080	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	74.9	75.2	75.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	1,037	954	789	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	7.6	6.9	5.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force	9,796	10,200	10,136	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	58.2	59.2	58.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	9,062	9,342	9,462	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	53.8	54.2	54.8	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	734	857	674	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	7.5	8.4	6.6	-	-	-	-	-	-
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force	1,039	1,036	1,023	-	-	-	-	-	-
Participation rate	28.5	28.4	28.0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employed	748	816	801	-	-	-	-	-	-
Employment-population ratio	20.5	22.3	21.9	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployed	291	220	222	-	-	-	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	28.0	21.3	21.7	-	-	-	-	-	-
Footnotes (1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
- Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment

[Numbers in thousands]

Educational attainment	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force	11,072	11,150	10,946	10,960	10,748	11,004	11,154	11,199	10,891
Participation rate	45.1	45.7	44.9	44.6	43.7	44.5	46.2	45.9	44.6
Employed	9,810	10,011	10,006	9,696	9,699	9,953	10,056	10,128	9,925
Employment-population ratio	39.9	41.0	41.0	39.5	39.4	40.2	41.7	41.5	40.7
Unemployed	1,262	1,139	940	1,264	1,049	1,051	1,098	1,071	965
Unemployment rate	11.4	10.2	8.6	11.5	9.8	9.6	9.8	9.6	8.9
High school graduates, no college(1)
Civilian labor force	36,224	36,214	36,050	36,252	36,242	35,924	36,108	36,392	36,089
Participation rate	58.7	58.5	57.9	58.8	58.0	58.1	58.5	58.8	58.0
Employed	33,614	33,759	33,890	33,551	33,677	33,593	33,792	34,106	33,830
Employment-population ratio	54.5	54.5	54.4	54.4	53.9	54.3	54.7	55.1	54.3
Unemployed	2,610	2,455	2,160	2,702	2,565	2,331	2,316	2,286	2,258
Unemployment rate	7.2	6.8	6.0	7.5	7.1	6.5	6.4	6.3	6.3
Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force	37,058	37,065	37,176	37,338	37,021	36,992	37,169	37,158	37,364
Participation rate	67.8	67.0	66.9	68.3	67.6	67.3	66.9	67.1	67.3
Employed	34,820	34,812	35,165	34,971	34,750	34,758	34,876	34,904	35,218
Employment-population ratio	63.7	62.9	63.3	64.0	63.4	63.3	62.8	63.0	63.4
Unemployed	2,238	2,253	2,011	2,367	2,272	2,234	2,293	2,254	2,146
Unemployment rate	6.0	6.1	5.4	6.3	6.1	6.0	6.2	6.1	5.7
Bachelor's degree and higher(2)
Civilian labor force	49,663	50,257	50,212	49,445	49,759	50,427	50,240	49,908	49,934
Participation rate	75.9	75.2	75.5	75.5	75.3	75.7	75.2	74.7	75.1
Employed	47,888	48,570	48,684	47,529	48,134	48,797	48,543	48,198	48,279
Employment-population ratio	73.2	72.7	73.2	72.6	72.8	73.2	72.6	72.2	72.6
Unemployed	1,775	1,687	1,527	1,916	1,625	1,629	1,697	1,711	1,655
Unemployment rate	3.6	3.4	3.0	3.9	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.4	3.3
Footnotes (1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. (2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, veteran status, and period of service	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014
VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	21,467	21,239	19,247	18,992	2,220	2,247
Civilian labor force	11,185	10,727	9,766	9,337	1,420	1,390
Participation rate	52.1	50.5	50.7	49.2	63.9	61.8
Employed	10,492	10,124	9,139	8,815	1,353	1,308
Employment-population ratio	48.9	47.7	47.5	46.4	61.0	58.2
Unemployed	693	603	627	522	66	81
Unemployment rate	6.2	5.6	6.4	5.6	4.7	5.8
Not in labor force	10,282	10,512	9,481	9,655	800	857
Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	2,804	3,019	2,245	2,444	558	575
Civilian labor force	2,256	2,403	1,874	2,019	381	385
Participation rate	80.5	79.6	83.5	82.6	68.3	66.9
Employed	2,086	2,240	1,732	1,885	354	355
Employment-population ratio	74.4	74.2	77.1	77.1	63.4	61.7
Unemployed	170	163	143	134	27	30
Unemployment rate	7.5	6.8	7.6	6.6	7.2	7.7
Not in labor force	548	615	371	425	177	190
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	3,425	3,421	2,738	2,704	687	717
Civilian labor force	2,850	2,764	2,337	2,246	513	518
Participation rate	83.2	80.8	85.4	83.0	74.6	72.2
Employed	2,693	2,635	2,198	2,144	495	491
Employment-population ratio	78.6	77.0	80.3	79.3	72.0	68.5
Unemployed	157	129	139	102	18	27
Unemployment rate	5.5	4.7	5.9	4.5	3.5	5.2
Not in labor force	575	658	401	458	174	199
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population	9,916	9,476	9,538	9,120	378	356
Civilian labor force	3,135	2,755	3,009	2,659	126	96
Participation rate	31.6	29.1	31.5	29.2	33.4	26.9
Employed	2,915	2,620	2,799	2,536	116	85
Employment-population ratio	29.4	27.7	29.3	27.8	30.7	23.8
Unemployed	220	134	210	123	10	11
Unemployment rate	7.0	4.9	7.0	4.6	8.3	11.6
Not in labor force	6,781	6,721	6,529	6,461	252	260
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population	5,322	5,323	4,726	4,724	596	599
Civilian labor force	2,944	2,805	2,545	2,414	399	391
Participation rate	55.3	52.7	53.9	51.1	66.9	65.3
Employed	2,798	2,629	2,409	2,251	389	378
Employment-population ratio	52.6	49.4	51.0	47.6	65.2	63.1
Unemployed	146	177	136	163	10	13
Unemployment rate	5.0	6.3	5.3	6.8	2.6	3.4
Not in labor force	2,378	2,518	2,181	2,310	197	208
NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	214,659	217,259	94,424	95,940	120,236	121,319
Civilian labor force	141,712	142,440	71,577	71,995	70,134	70,445
Participation rate	66.0	65.6	75.8	75.0	58.3	58.1
Employed	131,871	134,317	66,284	67,700	65,588	66,617
Employment-population ratio	61.4	61.8	70.2	70.6	54.5	54.9
Unemployed	9,840	8,123	5,293	4,295	4,547	3,828
Unemployment rate	6.9	5.7	7.4	6.0	6.5	5.4
Not in labor force	72,948	74,819	22,847	23,945	50,101	50,874
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Beginning with data for January 2014, estimates for veterans incorporate updated weighting procedures.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status, sex, and age	Persons with a disability		Persons with no disability
	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014
TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	28,908	28,915	216,267	218,524
Civilian labor force	5,985	5,528	148,754	149,317
Participation rate	20.7	19.1	68.8	68.3
Employed	5,215	4,838	138,509	140,929
Employment-population ratio	18.0	16.7	64.0	64.5
Unemployed	770	690	10,245	8,389
Unemployment rate	12.9	12.5	6.9	5.6
Not in labor force	22,922	23,388	67,513	69,207
Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,680	2,488	75,010	74,982
Participation rate	35.0	32.5	81.9	81.5
Employed	2,312	2,128	69,465	70,562
Employment-population ratio	30.2	27.8	75.8	76.7
Unemployed	367	359	5,545	4,421
Unemployment rate	13.7	14.4	7.4	5.9
Not in labor force	4,966	5,172	16,614	17,038
Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force	2,281	2,057	66,597	66,893
Participation rate	28.7	26.4	70.2	70.2
Employed	1,943	1,782	62,273	63,250
Employment-population ratio	24.5	22.8	65.6	66.4
Unemployed	338	275	4,325	3,643
Unemployment rate	14.8	13.4	6.5	5.4
Not in labor force	5,659	5,745	28,297	28,425
Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force	1,024	983	7,147	7,442
Participation rate	7.7	7.3	24.0	23.9
Employed	960	927	6,771	7,117
Employment-population ratio	7.2	6.9	22.8	22.8
Unemployed	64	56	375	325
Unemployment rate	6.3	5.7	5.3	4.4
Not in labor force	12,297	12,470	22,602	23,743
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Employment status and nativity	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014
Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	37,842	38,391	18,500	18,592	19,342	19,799
Civilian labor force	24,982	25,127	14,572	14,590	10,410	10,536
Participation rate	66.0	65.5	78.8	78.5	53.8	53.2
Employed	23,292	23,713	13,636	13,828	9,656	9,885
Employment-population ratio	61.6	61.8	73.7	74.4	49.9	49.9
Unemployed	1,690	1,414	936	763	754	652
Unemployment rate	6.8	5.6	6.4	5.2	7.2	6.2
Not in labor force	12,860	13,264	3,929	4,001	8,932	9,263
Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population	207,332	209,049	99,796	100,896	107,537	108,152
Civilian labor force	129,757	129,718	67,629	67,514	62,128	62,205
Participation rate	62.6	62.1	67.8	66.9	57.8	57.5
Employed	120,432	122,054	62,393	63,259	58,039	58,795
Employment-population ratio	58.1	58.4	62.5	62.7	54.0	54.4
Unemployed	9,325	7,664	5,236	4,255	4,089	3,409
Unemployment rate	7.2	5.9	7.7	6.3	6.6	5.5
Not in labor force	77,575	79,330	32,167	33,383	45,409	45,948
NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status

[In thousands]

Category	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries	1,951	2,008	2,048	2,048	2,229	2,183	2,150	2,148	2,161
Wage and salary workers(1)	1,144	1,265	1,265	1,243	1,377	1,391	1,373	1,375	1,382
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	783	727	773	779	812	760	768	743	767
Unpaid family workers	23	16	10	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nonagricultural industries	141,774	143,082	143,718	141,604	142,337	142,970	143,132	143,543	143,531
Wage and salary workers(1)	133,065	134,512	135,119	132,861	133,858	134,384	134,428	134,745	134,860
Government	20,635	20,862	20,626	20,319	20,063	20,383	20,192	20,401	20,320
Private industries	112,429	113,650	114,494	112,555	113,818	114,001	114,177	114,327	114,532
Private households	617	861	868	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other industries	111,813	112,788	113,625	111,911	112,918	113,164	113,317	113,444	113,643
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	8,632	8,521	8,518	8,651	8,506	8,569	8,697	8,674	8,559
Unpaid family workers	77	49	81	-	-	-	-	-	-
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)
All industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	7,709	7,455	7,243	7,929	7,771	7,257	7,186	7,411	7,465
Slack work or business conditions	4,920	4,397	4,346	5,124	4,884	4,405	4,251	4,512	4,555
Could only find part-time work	2,530	2,741	2,615	2,549	2,592	2,571	2,692	2,731	2,669
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,829	19,732	19,707	18,921	18,731	19,165	19,027	19,216	18,886
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons(3)	7,590	7,321	7,120	7,796	7,650	7,130	7,071	7,324	7,333
Slack work or business conditions	4,845	4,325	4,277	5,051	4,801	4,327	4,208	4,454	4,487
Could only find part-time work	2,513	2,713	2,604	2,465	2,586	2,550	2,653	2,697	2,623
Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)	19,494	19,424	19,393	18,582	18,436	18,856	18,672	18,903	18,603
Footnotes (1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. (2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. (3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. (4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators

[Numbers in thousands]

Characteristic	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	143,724	145,090	145,767	143,676	144,586	145,224	145,266	145,742	145,669
16 to 19 years	4,149	4,209	4,256	4,368	4,502	4,399	4,303	4,503	4,479
16 to 17 years	1,361	1,409	1,325	1,486	1,530	1,608	1,512	1,591	1,472
18 to 19 years	2,787	2,800	2,931	2,876	2,943	2,776	2,830	2,922	3,016
20 years and over	139,576	140,881	141,511	139,309	140,083	140,825	140,963	141,238	141,190
20 to 24 years	13,444	13,729	13,765	13,567	13,875	13,761	13,704	13,905	13,879
25 years and over	126,132	127,152	127,745	125,682	126,289	126,992	127,260	127,246	127,211
25 to 54 years	94,591	95,100	95,421	94,395	94,660	95,212	95,241	95,360	95,151
25 to 34 years	31,185	31,697	31,751	31,153	31,546	31,776	31,883	31,849	31,713
35 to 44 years	30,749	30,940	31,031	30,642	30,741	31,059	31,007	30,960	30,905
45 to 54 years	32,658	32,463	32,639	32,600	32,372	32,377	32,351	32,552	32,533
55 years and over	31,540	32,052	32,324	31,287	31,629	31,780	32,019	31,886	32,060
Men, 16 years and over	76,029	76,718	77,086	76,270	76,723	77,060	76,808	77,416	77,292
16 to 19 years	1,987	2,007	2,027	2,109	2,257	2,144	2,028	2,186	2,159
16 to 17 years	607	621	571	660	743	762	673	706	644
18 to 19 years	1,380	1,385	1,457	1,439	1,489	1,369	1,375	1,481	1,516
20 years and over	74,042	74,711	75,059	74,161	74,467	74,916	74,780	75,230	75,134
20 to 24 years	6,877	7,099	7,099	6,990	7,097	7,032	7,005	7,223	7,206
25 years and over	67,166	67,612	67,960	67,102	67,400	67,769	67,731	67,961	67,875
25 to 54 years	50,543	50,730	50,903	50,568	50,626	50,926	50,810	51,101	50,909
25 to 34 years	16,837	17,144	17,132	16,898	17,007	17,123	17,218	17,340	17,185
35 to 44 years	16,666	16,619	16,674	16,657	16,610	16,760	16,613	16,706	16,657
45 to 54 years	17,040	16,967	17,097	17,013	17,009	17,043	16,980	17,055	17,066
55 years and over	16,623	16,882	17,056	16,534	16,774	16,843	16,921	16,860	16,966
Women, 16 years and over	67,695	68,373	68,680	67,406	67,862	68,163	68,458	68,325	68,376
16 to 19 years	2,162	2,203	2,228	2,258	2,246	2,255	2,275	2,317	2,320
16 to 17 years	755	788	754	826	787	845	839	885	828
18 to 19 years	1,408	1,415	1,474	1,436	1,454	1,407	1,455	1,441	1,500
20 years and over	65,533	66,170	66,452	65,148	65,617	65,909	66,183	66,008	66,057
20 to 24 years	6,567	6,630	6,666	6,577	6,778	6,729	6,700	6,683	6,672
25 years and over	58,966	59,540	59,786	58,580	58,888	59,223	59,529	59,285	59,336
25 to 54 years	44,048	44,370	44,518	43,827	44,034	44,286	44,431	44,259	44,242
25 to 34 years	14,348	14,553	14,619	14,255	14,539	14,653	14,665	14,509	14,528
35 to 44 years	14,083	14,321	14,357	13,985	14,131	14,299	14,395	14,254	14,247
45 to 54 years	15,618	15,496	15,542	15,587	15,363	15,334	15,371	15,497	15,466
55 years and over	14,918	15,170	15,268	14,753	14,855	14,937	15,098	15,026	15,094
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	43,905	44,183	44,449	44,016	43,939	44,187	44,292	44,483	44,525
Married women, spouse present	34,442	34,838	34,830	34,434	34,404	34,448	34,619	34,779	34,813
Women who maintain families	9,465	9,344	9,602	-	-	-	-	-	-
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(1)	115,674	116,985	118,073	116,062	117,278	117,656	117,819	118,003	118,415
Part-time workers(2)	28,050	28,106	27,693	27,552	27,372	27,540	27,330	27,695	27,297
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders	7,029	7,143	7,162	6,982	6,877	6,849	6,960	6,998	7,093
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.8	4.7	4.8	4.8	4.9
SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated	5,342	5,462	5,384	-	-	-	-	-	-
Self-employed workers, unincorporated	9,415	9,249	9,290	9,430	9,317	9,329	9,465	9,417	9,326
Footnotes (1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. (2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Characteristic	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)			Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over	11,683	10,486	9,753	7.5	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.3
16 to 19 years	1,360	1,193	1,055	23.7	20.2	20.7	21.4	20.9	19.1
16 to 17 years	559	399	418	27.3	23.8	21.9	21.8	20.1	22.1
18 to 19 years	808	765	634	21.9	18.3	19.8	21.0	20.7	17.4
20 years and over	10,323	9,293	8,698	6.9	6.2	6.1	6.2	6.2	5.8
20 to 24 years	2,046	1,938	1,642	13.1	11.1	11.9	11.9	12.2	10.6
25 years and over	8,174	7,313	6,984	6.1	5.6	5.4	5.5	5.4	5.2
25 to 54 years	6,384	5,712	5,431	6.3	5.8	5.6	5.8	5.7	5.4
25 to 34 years	2,492	2,334	2,251	7.4	6.9	6.8	7.0	6.8	6.6
35 to 44 years	1,885	1,674	1,593	5.8	5.4	5.0	5.1	5.1	4.9
45 to 54 years	2,008	1,704	1,588	5.8	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.0	4.7
55 years and over	1,810	1,585	1,569	5.5	5.1	4.5	4.6	4.7	4.7
Men, 16 years and over	6,443	5,636	5,294	7.8	6.8	6.8	7.0	6.8	6.4
16 to 19 years	736	695	576	25.9	21.1	22.6	24.3	24.1	21.1
16 to 17 years	296	238	236	31.0	24.6	23.0	25.0	25.2	26.8
18 to 19 years	447	442	333	23.7	18.9	22.0	24.2	23.0	18.0
20 years and over	5,707	4,941	4,718	7.1	6.3	6.2	6.4	6.2	5.9
20 to 24 years	1,141	1,103	982	14.0	11.8	12.9	13.4	13.2	12.0
25 years and over	4,493	3,815	3,710	6.3	5.7	5.5	5.6	5.3	5.2
25 to 54 years	3,500	2,967	2,865	6.5	5.8	5.7	5.8	5.5	5.3
25 to 34 years	1,384	1,194	1,215	7.6	7.0	6.9	7.0	6.4	6.6
35 to 44 years	1,008	871	831	5.7	5.3	5.0	5.2	5.0	4.8
45 to 54 years	1,107	902	819	6.1	5.0	5.2	5.3	5.0	4.6
55 years and over	994	848	845	5.7	5.3	4.6	4.7	4.8	4.7
Women, 16 years and over	5,240	4,850	4,459	7.2	6.5	6.4	6.4	6.6	6.1
16 to 19 years	624	498	479	21.6	19.3	18.7	18.7	17.7	17.1
16 to 17 years	263	162	182	24.2	23.0	20.9	19.1	15.4	18.0
18 to 19 years	361	323	301	20.1	17.6	17.6	17.6	18.3	16.7
20 years and over	4,616	4,352	3,980	6.6	6.0	5.9	5.9	6.2	5.7
20 to 24 years	906	835	660	12.1	10.4	10.9	10.3	11.1	9.0
25 years and over	3,681	3,498	3,274	5.9	5.5	5.3	5.4	5.6	5.2
25 to 54 years	2,885	2,745	2,566	6.2	5.7	5.5	5.7	5.8	5.5
25 to 34 years	1,108	1,140	1,036	7.2	6.7	6.6	7.1	7.3	6.7
35 to 44 years	876	803	761	5.9	5.4	5.1	5.0	5.3	5.1
45 to 54 years	901	802	769	5.5	5.2	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.7
55 years and over	800	734	721	5.1	4.9	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.6
MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present	2,042	1,744	1,617	4.4	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.5
Married women, spouse present	1,593	1,538	1,404	4.4	4.5	3.9	4.2	4.2	3.9
Women who maintain families(1)	1,086	923	897	10.3	8.7	9.1	9.1	9.0	8.5
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers(2)	9,925	8,881	8,206	7.9	6.8	6.9	7.0	7.0	6.5
Part-time workers(3)	1,749	1,581	1,500	6.0	5.9	5.1	5.6	5.4	5.2
Footnotes (1) Not seasonally adjusted. (2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. (3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Reason	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	6,079	5,779	4,972	6,367	5,366	5,407	5,448	5,489	5,236
On temporary layoff	1,080	1,236	931	1,179	997	986	1,036	1,051	1,021
Not on temporary layoff	4,998	4,543	4,041	5,188	4,369	4,421	4,412	4,438	4,215
Permanent job losers	3,840	3,370	2,996	3,933	3,219	3,341	3,230	3,295	3,077
Persons who completed temporary jobs	1,158	1,174	1,045	1,255	1,150	1,080	1,182	1,143	1,138
Job leavers	836	780	751	857	862	818	823	815	784
Reentrants	2,966	2,929	2,425	3,131	3,036	2,937	2,997	3,037	2,620
New entrants	1,133	1,049	932	1,268	1,201	1,184	1,229	1,169	1,043
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	55.2	54.8	54.8	54.8	51.3	52.3	51.9	52.2	54.1
On temporary layoff	9.8	11.7	10.3	10.1	9.5	9.5	9.9	10.0	10.5
Not on temporary layoff	45.4	43.1	44.5	44.6	41.8	42.7	42.0	42.2	43.5
Job leavers	7.6	7.4	8.3	7.4	8.2	7.9	7.8	7.8	8.1
Reentrants	26.9	27.8	26.7	26.9	29.0	28.4	28.5	28.9	27.1
New entrants	10.3	10.0	10.3	10.9	11.5	11.4	11.7	11.1	10.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs	3.9	3.7	3.2	4.1	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4
Job leavers	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reentrants	1.9	1.9	1.6	2.0	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.7
New entrants	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.7
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment

[Numbers in thousands]

Duration	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks	2,045	2,064	1,993	2,491	2,255	2,434	2,373	2,461	2,447
5 to 14 weeks	2,375	2,766	1,946	2,844	2,506	2,429	2,568	2,581	2,359
15 weeks and over	6,594	5,708	5,139	6,329	5,530	5,336	5,464	5,417	4,985
15 to 26 weeks	2,106	1,913	1,653	1,969	1,651	1,689	1,615	1,677	1,533
27 weeks and over	4,488	3,795	3,486	4,360	3,878	3,646	3,849	3,739	3,452
Average (mean) duration, in weeks	39.0	36.2	37.1	36.6	37.1	35.4	37.1	35.6	35.1
Median duration, in weeks	20.0	17.3	18.4	17.3	17.1	16.0	16.4	16.3	16.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks	18.6	19.6	22.0	21.4	21.9	23.9	22.8	23.5	25.0
5 to 14 weeks	21.6	26.2	21.4	24.4	24.4	23.8	24.7	24.7	24.1
15 weeks and over	59.9	54.2	56.6	54.3	53.7	52.3	52.5	51.8	50.9
15 to 26 weeks	19.1	18.2	18.2	16.9	16.0	16.6	15.5	16.0	15.7
27 weeks and over	40.8	36.0	38.4	37.4	37.7	35.8	37.0	35.8	35.3
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Occupation	Employed		Unemployed		Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014
Total, 16 years and over(1)	143,724	145,767	11,014	9,079	7.1	5.9
Management, professional, and related occupations	54,767	55,896	1,980	1,642	3.5	2.9
Management, business, and financial operations occupations	22,737	22,707	836	748	3.5	3.2
Professional and related occupations	32,031	33,189	1,144	894	3.4	2.6
Service occupations	25,840	25,755	2,294	1,777	8.2	6.5
Sales and office occupations	33,616	33,873	2,501	2,079	6.9	5.8
Sales and related occupations	15,457	16,076	1,151	997	6.9	5.8
Office and administrative support occupations	18,159	17,797	1,349	1,082	6.9	5.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations	12,680	13,178	1,483	1,168	10.5	8.1
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations	858	935	104	152	10.8	14.0
Construction and extraction occupations	6,786	7,536	1,137	821	14.3	9.8
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations	5,036	4,707	242	195	4.6	4.0
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations	16,821	17,065	1,601	1,446	8.7	7.8
Production occupations	8,009	8,184	726	671	8.3	7.6
Transportation and material moving occupations	8,811	8,881	875	776	9.0	8.0
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker	Number of unemployed persons (in thousands)		Unemployment rates
	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014
Total, 16 years and over(1)	11,014	9,079	7.1	5.9
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers	8,608	7,105	7.1	5.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	73	39	6.1	3.8
Construction	1,077	796	13.2	9.4
Manufacturing	963	790	6.4	5.2
Durable goods	583	441	6.2	4.6
Nondurable goods	379	349	6.7	6.1
Wholesale and retail trade	1,484	1,225	7.4	5.9
Transportation and utilities	355	372	5.7	6.0
Information	152	175	5.4	5.7
Financial activities	515	470	5.4	5.0
Professional and business services	1,259	1,062	8.1	6.8
Education and health services	983	826	4.4	3.7
Leisure and hospitality	1,327	1,047	9.6	8.0
Other services	420	304	6.7	4.8
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers	110	151	9.1	11.0
Government workers	715	581	3.3	2.7
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers	447	310	4.5	3.2
Footnotes (1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization

[Percent]

Measure	Not seasonally adjusted			Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2013	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Dec. 2013	Jan. 2014	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014	Apr. 2014
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force	4.3	3.7	3.3	4.1	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.5	3.2
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force	3.9	3.7	3.2	4.1	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.4
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)	7.1	6.8	5.9	7.5	6.7	6.6	6.7	6.7	6.3
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers	7.6	7.2	6.3	8.0	7.2	7.1	7.2	7.1	6.7
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	8.5	8.1	7.2	8.9	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.0	7.6
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force	13.4	12.8	11.8	13.9	13.1	12.7	12.6	12.7	12.3
NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted

[Numbers in thousands]

Category	Total		Men		Women
	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014	Apr. 2013	Apr. 2014
NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force	90,436	92,594	36,095	37,384	54,340	55,210
Persons who currently want a job	6,329	6,088	2,958	2,963	3,370	3,125
Marginally attached to the labor force(1)	2,347	2,160	1,220	1,192	1,127	969
Discouraged workers(2)	835	783	496	488	339	295
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)	1,512	1,378	724	704	788	674
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders(4)	7,029	7,162	3,493	3,498	3,536	3,665
Percent of total employed	4.9	4.9	4.6	4.5	5.2	5.3
Primary job full time, secondary job part time	3,761	3,805	2,177	2,105	1,583	1,699
Primary and secondary jobs both part time	1,934	2,008	587	686	1,347	1,322
Primary and secondary jobs both full time	198	246	104	149	93	97
Hours vary on primary or secondary job	1,089	1,055	608	539	481	516
Footnotes (1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. (2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. (3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. (4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail

[In thousands]

Industry	Not seasonally adjusted				Seasonally adjusted
	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)	Change from: Mar.2014 - Apr.2014(p)
Total nonfarm	135,911	136,192	137,136	138,288	135,885	137,761	137,964	138,252	288
Total private	113,617	114,047	114,881	115,990	114,010	115,908	116,110	116,383	273
Goods-producing	18,458	18,383	18,556	18,807	18,669	18,924	18,953	19,006	53
Mining and logging	848	875	884	896	857	892	897	906	9
Logging	48.9	52.5	52.6	50.5	52.3	54.1	55.2	54.0	-1.2
Mining	799.3	822.3	830.9	845.8	805.1	837.9	842.1	851.7	9.6
Oil and gas extraction	194.0	206.9	206.8	208.2	194.9	207.8	207.8	208.9	1.1
Mining, except oil and gas(1)	208.3	204.0	205.8	211.2	210.8	212.9	212.4	213.6	1.2
Coal mining	78.1	78.5	77.7	78.2	78.1	78.7	78.0	78.5	0.5
Support activities for mining	397.0	411.4	418.3	426.4	399.4	417.2	421.9	429.2	7.3
Construction	5,669	5,529	5,655	5,867	5,811	5,951	5,968	6,000	32
Construction of buildings	1,247.0	1,270.3	1,287.1	1,317.1	1,279.8	1,334.4	1,339.3	1,350.3	11.0
Residential building	592.2	614.9	622.9	641.8	609.2	648.4	652.4	659.3	6.9
Nonresidential building	654.8	655.4	664.2	675.3	670.6	686.0	686.9	691.0	4.1
Heavy and civil engineering construction	850.2	793.2	822.4	889.1	879.9	902.4	904.3	914.8	10.5
Specialty trade contractors	3,572.0	3,465.4	3,545.2	3,660.5	3,650.8	3,713.7	3,724.4	3,734.6	10.2
Residential specialty trade contractors	1,504.3	1,470.0	1,505.7	1,562.4	1,540.2	1,585.9	1,591.8	1,598.0	6.2
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors	2,067.7	1,995.4	2,039.5	2,098.1	2,110.6	2,127.8	2,132.6	2,136.6	4.0
Manufacturing	11,941	11,979	12,017	12,044	12,001	12,081	12,088	12,100	12
Durable goods	7,513	7,551	7,586	7,606	7,533	7,599	7,613	7,624	11
Wood products	345.6	356.4	358.0	362.5	348.5	362.6	363.8	365.8	2.0
Nonmetallic mineral products	368.6	363.8	371.4	380.3	372.0	379.2	381.0	382.8	1.8
Primary metals	397.4	395.4	396.5	398.0	397.3	397.0	397.0	397.3	0.3
Fabricated metal products	1,424.5	1,438.0	1,438.8	1,446.2	1,428.4	1,447.9	1,446.8	1,450.6	3.8
Machinery	1,104.9	1,110.8	1,114.9	1,118.0	1,107.1	1,112.8	1,115.8	1,120.0	4.2
Computer and electronic products(1)	1,065.1	1,052.8	1,055.2	1,051.3	1,069.0	1,057.4	1,057.6	1,055.2	-2.4
Computer and peripheral equipment	156.6	161.5	161.9	162.1	157.4	162.0	162.5	162.7	0.2
Communications equipment	103.2	99.0	99.7	100.3	103.6	99.5	99.9	100.6	0.7
Semiconductors and electronic components	373.9	369.5	367.9	365.8	375.2	370.5	368.7	367.2	-1.5
Electronic instruments	393.0	384.7	387.7	384.7	394.0	386.8	388.2	386.1	-2.1
Electrical equipment and appliances	373.4	375.6	375.8	377.6	375.0	376.7	377.8	379.2	1.4
Transportation equipment(1)	1,500.5	1,524.4	1,533.8	1,530.9	1,499.1	1,524.0	1,526.5	1,529.4	2.9
Motor vehicles and parts(2)	810.9	845.0	850.9	851.2	808.6	843.8	844.2	849.4	5.2
Furniture and related products	355.6	357.9	362.8	364.5	356.7	363.0	364.7	365.2	0.5
Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing	576.9	576.2	578.5	576.6	579.7	578.4	581.5	578.9	-2.6
Nondurable goods	4,428	4,428	4,431	4,438	4,468	4,482	4,475	4,476	1
Food manufacturing	1,445.9	1,460.4	1,458.0	1,455.5	1,474.4	1,490.4	1,485.9	1,484.0	-1.9
Textile mills	116.9	116.4	116.9	117.2	117.0	117.4	117.1	117.4	0.3
Textile product mills	113.1	109.6	110.7	111.2	113.5	111.0	111.3	111.5	0.2
Apparel	142.8	136.7	135.6	134.9	142.4	136.7	135.7	134.9	-0.8
Paper and paper products	377.6	374.9	374.5	374.7	379.6	376.8	376.5	376.6	0.1
Printing and related support activities	450.8	440.3	441.2	443.1	451.8	442.7	442.8	443.8	1.0
Petroleum and coal products	110.1	109.2	110.5	111.4	111.1	113.1	112.9	112.2	-0.7
Chemicals	792.1	794.5	797.0	798.2	793.4	796.4	797.1	798.6	1.5
Plastics and rubber products	654.7	659.5	659.1	661.3	656.3	663.5	660.7	662.3	1.6
Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing	223.7	226.1	227.8	230.4	228.1	233.7	234.6	234.7	0.1
Private service-providing	95,159	95,664	96,325	97,183	95,341	96,984	97,157	97,377	220
Trade, transportation, and utilities	25,500	25,771	25,877	26,048	25,718	26,171	26,215	26,274	59
Wholesale trade	5,704.5	5,780.1	5,799.3	5,833.2	5,724.0	5,829.8	5,834.2	5,849.9	15.7
Durable goods	2,853.4	2,903.2	2,916.8	2,921.6	2,865.2	2,919.5	2,928.3	2,931.4	3.1
Nondurable goods	1,971.2	1,980.9	1,985.4	2,007.6	1,976.5	2,006.4	2,003.8	2,012.0	8.2
Electronic markets and agents and brokers	879.9	896.0	897.1	904.0	882.3	903.9	902.1	906.5	4.4
Retail trade	14,801.7	14,940.8	15,002.9	15,122.0	14,967.0	15,234.6	15,259.4	15,293.9	34.5
Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)	1,778.2	1,808.8	1,822.6	1,842.5	1,778.0	1,833.2	1,835.7	1,841.4	5.7
Automobile dealers	1,127.2	1,154.2	1,157.6	1,162.1	1,127.9	1,162.4	1,162.0	1,162.6	0.6
Furniture and home furnishings stores	439.0	443.8	442.2	444.6	444.4	448.9	449.0	450.0	1.0
Electronics and appliance stores	482.4	502.8	497.6	481.2	489.8	504.3	502.1	491.6	-10.5
Building material and garden supply stores	1,236.7	1,172.8	1,206.9	1,262.8	1,193.7	1,222.4	1,218.9	1,221.7	2.8
Food and beverage stores	2,881.8	2,953.6	2,958.4	2,971.7	2,910.9	2,985.1	2,993.4	3,002.4	9.0
Health and personal care stores	1,009.0	1,003.0	1,008.1	1,006.5	1,015.3	1,009.2	1,015.1	1,013.8	-1.3
Gasoline stations	852.0	855.0	859.3	866.6	858.9	871.7	873.1	873.7	0.6
Clothing and clothing accessories stores	1,327.3	1,344.4	1,339.9	1,356.0	1,379.8	1,398.9	1,397.8	1,408.3	10.5
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores	569.3	572.9	574.5	574.9	588.7	589.5	594.9	596.4	1.5
General merchandise stores(1)	2,997.2	3,035.1	3,053.3	3,060.9	3,048.7	3,101.3	3,104.0	3,112.2	8.2
Department stores	1,309.5	1,308.1	1,301.3	1,297.7	1,344.7	1,339.1	1,337.2	1,332.7	-4.5
Miscellaneous store retailers	784.2	781.1	774.2	786.0	799.4	794.8	797.5	800.4	2.9
Nonstore retailers	444.6	467.5	465.9	468.3	459.4	475.3	477.9	482.0	4.1
Transportation and warehousing	4,442.4	4,502.7	4,525.0	4,543.9	4,475.5	4,557.2	4,569.2	4,580.5	11.3
Air transportation	448.8	450.8	455.2	453.3	448.5	453.4	455.9	452.7	-3.2
Rail transportation	232.8	231.8	232.7	234.1	232.5	233.1	233.2	233.6	0.4
Water transportation	65.0	65.6	65.3	66.9	65.9	67.5	66.7	67.6	0.9
Truck transportation	1,364.7	1,355.1	1,367.7	1,386.4	1,380.7	1,390.4	1,394.7	1,401.5	6.8
Transit and ground passenger transportation	463.0	465.1	468.0	466.0	447.3	451.5	453.9	451.2	-2.7
Pipeline transportation	43.3	45.1	45.1	45.3	43.7	45.2	45.3	45.6	0.3
Scenic and sightseeing transportation	26.0	22.5	23.8	26.5	28.7	29.2	29.1	29.2	0.1
Support activities for transportation	588.1	598.8	599.9	607.2	589.2	601.6	603.2	608.0	4.8
Couriers and messengers	514.4	547.2	540.9	531.7	534.0	556.1	554.4	555.7	1.3
Warehousing and storage	696.3	720.7	726.4	726.5	705.0	729.2	732.8	735.4	2.6
Utilities	551.1	547.3	550.2	548.7	551.9	549.8	551.7	549.6	-2.1
Information	2,684	2,646	2,653	2,648	2,688	2,660	2,659	2,656	-3
Publishing industries, except Internet	733.5	726.4	726.6	725.7	735.7	729.7	728.8	727.8	-1.0
Motion picture and sound recording industries	357.8	310.0	313.0	302.7	358.0	318.2	315.0	307.7	-7.3
Broadcasting, except Internet	285.9	286.6	287.5	289.1	285.3	287.1	287.5	288.4	0.9
Telecommunications	850.9	853.6	854.4	856.5	852.3	852.9	854.6	857.5	2.9
Data processing, hosting and related services	266.5	267.2	267.9	268.7	265.5	268.7	268.0	268.1	0.1
Other information services	189.8	202.4	203.7	204.8	191.5	203.7	205.1	206.4	1.3
Financial activities	7,834	7,861	7,869	7,889	7,863	7,910	7,910	7,916	6
Finance and insurance	5,858.6	5,872.8	5,868.6	5,862.3	5,870.7	5,880.8	5,875.9	5,874.3	-1.6
Monetary authorities - central bank	17.7	18.1	18.0	18.0	17.9	18.3	18.2	18.2	0.0
Credit intermediation and related activities(1)	2,619.9	2,578.6	2,570.6	2,565.2	2,623.0	2,582.3	2,575.3	2,569.6	-5.7
Depository credit intermediation(1)	1,735.5	1,708.2	1,705.3	1,699.9	1,737.5	1,709.9	1,707.4	1,701.9	-5.5
Commercial banking	1,313.8	1,283.2	1,281.0	1,275.1	1,316.0	1,283.7	1,281.4	1,277.3	-4.1
Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts	860.4	868.9	871.2	870.1	862.4	870.5	871.3	871.8	0.5
Insurance carriers and related activities	2,360.6	2,407.2	2,408.8	2,409.0	2,367.4	2,409.7	2,411.1	2,414.7	3.6
Real estate and rental and leasing	1,975.8	1,988.1	2,000.1	2,027.1	1,991.8	2,028.7	2,033.8	2,041.9	8.1
Real estate	1,439.4	1,450.5	1,457.2	1,471.3	1,447.6	1,473.6	1,478.1	1,480.0	1.9
Rental and leasing services	513.4	515.6	520.8	533.8	521.0	532.9	533.4	539.7	6.3
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets	23.0	22.0	22.1	22.0	23.2	22.2	22.3	22.2	-0.1
Professional and business services	18,404	18,696	18,833	19,074	18,434	18,973	19,025	19,100	75
Professional and technical services(1)	8,163.1	8,318.5	8,328.0	8,364.4	8,090.8	8,253.1	8,264.8	8,289.9	25.1
Legal services	1,132.0	1,129.6	1,134.3	1,132.6	1,135.7	1,136.4	1,137.6	1,136.4	-1.2
Accounting and bookkeeping services	1,027.9	1,063.9	1,051.4	1,038.3	926.0	934.2	934.2	936.6	2.4
Architectural and engineering services	1,334.5	1,362.4	1,369.0	1,380.0	1,344.8	1,381.8	1,386.6	1,390.4	3.8
Computer systems design and related services	1,682.0	1,730.8	1,729.1	1,744.6	1,686.9	1,735.9	1,739.4	1,748.3	8.9
Management and technical consulting services	1,161.7	1,195.5	1,201.5	1,212.6	1,165.4	1,206.3	1,211.0	1,216.0	5.0
Management of companies and enterprises	2,073.6	2,107.2	2,113.6	2,123.5	2,084.1	2,119.7	2,121.7	2,133.6	11.9
Administrative and waste services	8,167.5	8,269.8	8,391.6	8,585.8	8,259.4	8,599.9	8,638.0	8,676.6	38.6
Administrative and support services(1)	7,796.6	7,902.0	8,021.0	8,210.3	7,884.2	8,223.6	8,259.7	8,297.3	37.6
Employment services(1)	3,202.5	3,358.8	3,425.5	3,486.5	3,274.5	3,495.8	3,530.5	3,558.1	27.6
Temporary help services	2,548.3	2,685.6	2,739.5	2,794.6	2,612.1	2,806.8	2,831.5	2,855.5	24.0
Business support services	838.5	861.2	858.3	855.4	844.8	860.4	861.1	862.4	1.3
Services to buildings and dwellings	1,865.2	1,764.3	1,801.9	1,923.1	1,867.9	1,926.8	1,923.3	1,925.2	1.9
Waste management and remediation services	370.9	367.8	370.6	375.5	375.2	376.3	378.3	379.3	1.0
Education and health services	21,222	21,388	21,486	21,553	21,040	21,290	21,327	21,367	40
Educational services	3,509.8	3,514.8	3,541.4	3,567.1	3,345.1	3,378.5	3,384.1	3,396.5	12.4
Health care and social assistance	17,712.0	17,873.5	17,944.1	17,985.5	17,695.1	17,911.9	17,942.9	17,970.8	27.9
Health care(3)	14,456.8	14,578.9	14,626.9	14,652.6	14,470.0	14,627.6	14,649.5	14,668.2	18.7
Ambulatory health care services(1)	6,446.1	6,570.5	6,599.0	6,619.6	6,450.8	6,592.4	6,612.4	6,625.0	12.6
Offices of physicians	2,421.0	2,464.9	2,473.9	2,477.8	2,427.9	2,471.9	2,477.6	2,483.2	5.6
Outpatient care centers	672.5	703.7	706.3	710.4	672.5	704.1	706.8	710.3	3.5
Home health care services	1,225.4	1,257.2	1,267.3	1,272.6	1,224.1	1,263.9	1,270.6	1,273.1	2.5
Hospitals	4,793.4	4,781.3	4,793.0	4,788.8	4,799.0	4,790.1	4,793.2	4,794.9	1.7
Nursing and residential care facilities(1)	3,217.3	3,227.1	3,234.9	3,244.2	3,220.2	3,245.1	3,243.9	3,248.3	4.4
Nursing care facilities	1,654.0	1,640.8	1,643.4	1,649.7	1,656.0	1,651.0	1,647.9	1,651.5	3.6
Social assistance(1)	3,255.2	3,294.6	3,317.2	3,332.9	3,225.1	3,284.3	3,293.4	3,302.6	9.2
Child day care services	868.8	868.0	876.3	878.3	845.2	852.3	853.5	853.5	0.0
Leisure and hospitality	14,070	13,873	14,145	14,470	14,145	14,495	14,529	14,557	28
Arts, entertainment, and recreation	1,969.9	1,885.1	1,940.1	2,019.8	2,018.3	2,089.2	2,084.6	2,075.4	-9.2
Performing arts and spectator sports	434.8	405.0	420.4	447.0	423.3	435.3	435.6	434.9	-0.7
Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions	137.3	130.8	134.7	140.4	139.5	142.2	142.3	142.5	0.2
Amusements, gambling, and recreation	1,397.8	1,349.3	1,385.0	1,432.4	1,455.5	1,511.7	1,506.7	1,498.0	-8.7
Accommodation and food services	12,100.4	11,987.9	12,205.2	12,450.4	12,127.1	12,405.8	12,444.2	12,481.7	37.5
Accommodation	1,813.5	1,779.6	1,805.6	1,833.5	1,860.0	1,870.1	1,873.2	1,878.1	4.9
Food services and drinking places	10,286.9	10,208.3	10,399.6	10,616.9	10,267.1	10,535.7	10,571.0	10,603.6	32.6
Other services	5,445	5,429	5,462	5,501	5,453	5,485	5,492	5,507	15
Repair and maintenance	1,212.3	1,196.3	1,207.7	1,216.2	1,209.9	1,208.2	1,211.1	1,213.2	2.1
Personal and laundry services	1,335.1	1,337.5	1,351.2	1,368.1	1,333.2	1,355.0	1,359.4	1,365.4	6.0
Membership associations and organizations	2,897.8	2,895.4	2,903.5	2,916.2	2,910.3	2,921.3	2,921.9	2,928.0	6.1
Government	22,294	22,145	22,255	22,298	21,875	21,853	21,854	21,869	15
Federal	2,795.0	2,702.0	2,703.0	2,718.0	2,791.0	2,718.0	2,711.0	2,708.0	-3.0
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service	2,187.5	2,115.5	2,115.6	2,118.9	2,190.2	2,129.4	2,123.4	2,119.4	-4.0
U.S. Postal Service	607.9	586.6	587.1	598.7	600.6	588.6	587.8	588.6	0.8
State government	5,211.0	5,188.0	5,210.0	5,221.0	5,053.0	5,066.0	5,061.0	5,062.0	1.0
State government education	2,558.8	2,539.5	2,557.6	2,566.4	2,399.7	2,407.4	2,403.9	2,405.5	1.6
State government, excluding education	2,651.8	2,648.5	2,651.9	2,654.1	2,653.1	2,658.2	2,657.4	2,656.1	-1.3
Local government	14,288.0	14,255.0	14,342.0	14,359.0	14,031.0	14,069.0	14,082.0	14,099.0	17.0
Local government education	8,106.3	8,087.0	8,148.2	8,139.0	7,767.8	7,779.8	7,786.6	7,798.6	12.0
Local government, excluding education	6,181.3	6,167.8	6,193.6	6,219.8	6,263.6	6,289.1	6,295.6	6,300.4	4.8
Footnotes (1) Includes other industries, not shown separately. (2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. (3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	34.4	34.3	34.5	34.5
Goods-producing	40.3	40.2	40.6	40.5
Mining and logging	43.2	45.0	45.5	44.1
Construction	39.0	38.1	39.1	39.2
Manufacturing	40.7	40.8	41.0	40.8
Durable goods	41.1	41.3	41.4	41.3
Nondurable goods	40.0	40.1	40.4	40.1
Private service-providing	33.3	33.1	33.3	33.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	34.5	34.3	34.4	34.4
Wholesale trade	38.5	38.7	38.9	38.8
Retail trade	31.4	31.1	31.2	31.2
Transportation and warehousing	38.6	38.6	38.6	38.7
Utilities	42.2	42.2	42.3	42.1
Information	36.6	36.9	37.0	36.9
Financial activities	37.2	37.1	37.2	37.1
Professional and business services	36.0	36.1	36.3	36.2
Education and health services	32.7	32.5	32.6	32.8
Leisure and hospitality	26.1	25.8	26.2	26.2
Other services	31.8	31.6	31.8	31.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.5
Durable goods	3.4	3.4	3.5	3.5
Nondurable goods	3.4	3.2	3.4	3.4
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)
Total private	$23.86	$24.29	$24.31	$24.31	$820.78	$833.15	$838.70	$838.70
Goods-producing	24.98	25.58	25.61	25.59	1,006.69	1,028.32	1,039.77	1,036.40
Mining and logging	29.12	30.76	30.88	30.70	1,257.98	1,384.20	1,405.04	1,353.87
Construction	26.04	26.56	26.50	26.58	1,015.56	1,011.94	1,036.15	1,041.94
Manufacturing	24.18	24.71	24.75	24.70	984.13	1,008.17	1,014.75	1,007.76
Durable goods	25.56	26.10	26.13	26.04	1,050.52	1,077.93	1,081.78	1,075.45
Nondurable goods	21.78	22.28	22.35	22.35	871.20	893.43	902.94	896.24
Private service-providing	23.60	23.99	24.00	24.01	785.88	794.07	799.20	799.53
Trade, transportation, and utilities	20.92	21.30	21.34	21.40	721.74	730.59	734.10	736.16
Wholesale trade	27.60	27.96	28.05	28.10	1,062.60	1,082.05	1,091.15	1,090.28
Retail trade	16.61	16.84	16.88	16.93	521.55	523.72	526.66	528.22
Transportation and warehousing	22.23	22.84	22.86	23.00	858.08	881.62	882.40	890.10
Utilities	34.88	35.93	35.66	35.50	1,471.94	1,516.25	1,508.42	1,494.55
Information	32.82	33.38	33.67	33.83	1,201.21	1,231.72	1,245.79	1,248.33
Financial activities	30.00	30.47	30.59	30.50	1,116.00	1,130.44	1,137.95	1,131.55
Professional and business services	28.48	28.92	28.94	28.91	1,025.28	1,044.01	1,050.52	1,046.54
Education and health services	24.35	24.59	24.58	24.58	796.25	799.18	801.31	806.22
Leisure and hospitality	13.43	13.76	13.73	13.78	350.52	355.01	359.73	361.04
Other services	21.24	21.87	21.72	21.73	675.43	691.09	690.70	691.01
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

[2007=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(1)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2014 - Apr. 2014(p)	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2014 - Apr. 2014(p)
Total private	98.0	99.4	100.1	100.4	0.3	111.6	115.2	116.2	116.5	0.3
Goods-producing	85.7	86.7	87.7	87.7	0.0	96.8	100.2	101.5	101.4	-0.1
Mining and logging	116.3	126.1	128.2	125.5	-2.1	136.0	155.8	159.0	154.8	-2.6
Construction	78.1	78.2	80.4	81.1	0.9	88.4	90.2	92.6	93.6	1.1
Manufacturing	87.9	88.7	89.2	88.8	-0.4	98.8	101.9	102.6	102.0	-0.6
Durable goods	87.2	88.4	88.7	88.6	-0.1	99.0	102.4	103.0	102.5	-0.5
Nondurable goods	89.2	89.7	90.2	89.6	-0.7	98.6	101.4	102.3	101.6	-0.7
Private service-providing	101.6	102.7	103.5	103.8	0.3	116.3	119.5	120.5	120.8	0.2
Trade, transportation, and utilities	96.5	97.6	98.1	98.3	0.2	108.7	111.9	112.7	113.2	0.4
Wholesale trade	96.2	98.4	99.0	99.0	0.0	110.7	114.9	115.9	116.1	0.2
Retail trade	95.5	96.2	96.7	96.9	0.2	104.8	107.1	107.9	108.5	0.6
Transportation and warehousing	98.9	100.7	100.9	101.5	0.6	111.5	116.7	117.1	118.4	1.1
Utilities	100.8	100.4	101.0	100.1	-0.9	116.1	119.2	119.0	117.4	-1.3
Information	89.8	89.6	89.8	89.5	-0.3	105.0	106.5	107.7	107.8	0.1
Financial activities	95.8	96.1	96.4	96.2	-0.2	112.1	114.2	115.0	114.4	-0.5
Professional and business services	104.4	107.7	108.6	108.7	0.1	120.4	126.2	127.4	127.4	0.0
Education and health services	110.4	111.1	111.6	112.5	0.8	126.7	128.6	129.2	130.2	0.8
Leisure and hospitality	105.3	106.7	108.6	108.8	0.2	114.1	118.5	120.3	121.0	0.6
Other services	96.1	96.0	96.8	97.0	0.2	115.8	119.2	119.3	119.7	0.3
Footnotes (1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted

Industry	Women employees (in thousands)				Percent of all employees
	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)
Total nonfarm	67,171	68,065	68,165	68,331	49.4	49.4	49.4	49.4
Total private	54,692	55,590	55,685	55,838	48.0	48.0	48.0	48.0
Goods-producing	4,111	4,151	4,154	4,162	22.0	21.9	21.9	21.9
Mining and logging	118	119	119	121	13.8	13.3	13.3	13.4
Construction	741	754	758	759	12.8	12.7	12.7	12.7
Manufacturing	3,252	3,278	3,277	3,282	27.1	27.1	27.1	27.1
Durable goods	1,738	1,751	1,751	1,754	23.1	23.0	23.0	23.0
Nondurable goods	1,514	1,527	1,526	1,528	33.9	34.1	34.1	34.1
Private service-providing	50,581	51,439	51,531	51,676	53.1	53.0	53.0	53.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities	10,391	10,602	10,628	10,660	40.4	40.5	40.5	40.6
Wholesale trade	1,693.3	1,725.7	1,719.9	1,726.4	29.6	29.6	29.5	29.5
Retail trade	7,513.3	7,669.7	7,694.2	7,718.1	50.2	50.3	50.4	50.5
Transportation and warehousing	1,048.5	1,072.5	1,079.9	1,081.6	23.4	23.5	23.6	23.6
Utilities	136.3	134.0	134.1	133.4	24.7	24.4	24.3	24.3
Information	1,068	1,068	1,069	1,068	39.7	40.2	40.2	40.2
Financial activities	4,542	4,543	4,536	4,538	57.8	57.4	57.3	57.3
Professional and business services	8,186	8,467	8,493	8,535	44.4	44.6	44.6	44.7
Education and health services	16,176	16,351	16,375	16,408	76.9	76.8	76.8	76.8
Leisure and hospitality	7,362	7,536	7,550	7,577	52.0	52.0	52.0	52.1
Other services	2,856	2,872	2,880	2,890	52.4	52.4	52.4	52.5
Government	12,479	12,475	12,480	12,493	57.0	57.1	57.1	57.1
Footnotes (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[In thousands]

Industry	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)
Total private	94,175	95,814	96,008	96,275
Goods-producing	13,437	13,641	13,675	13,743
Mining and logging	632	655	658	665
Construction	4,391	4,503	4,520	4,556
Manufacturing	8,414	8,483	8,497	8,522
Durable goods	5,175	5,230	5,243	5,264
Nondurable goods	3,239	3,253	3,254	3,258
Private service-providing	80,738	82,173	82,333	82,532
Trade, transportation, and utilities	21,762	22,119	22,153	22,197
Wholesale trade	4,608.9	4,707.0	4,710.4	4,737.4
Retail trade	12,838.7	13,026.7	13,043.8	13,055.8
Transportation and warehousing	3,869.2	3,940.4	3,952.2	3,959.0
Utilities	444.8	445.2	446.1	444.9
Information	2,178	2,155	2,154	2,154
Financial activities	6,056	6,098	6,097	6,108
Professional and business services	15,229	15,735	15,789	15,866
Education and health services	18,462	18,697	18,731	18,762
Leisure and hospitality	12,495	12,802	12,832	12,858
Other services	4,556	4,567	4,577	4,587
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)
AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private	33.7	33.4	33.7	33.7
Goods-producing	41.2	40.8	41.5	41.4
Mining and logging	45.5	47.5	47.8	47.3
Construction	39.6	38.4	39.5	39.7
Manufacturing	41.8	41.5	42.0	41.9
Durable goods	42.1	42.0	42.4	42.3
Nondurable goods	41.2	40.9	41.4	41.2
Private service-providing	32.4	32.2	32.4	32.4
Trade, transportation, and utilities	33.6	33.2	33.5	33.6
Wholesale trade	38.6	38.5	38.7	38.6
Retail trade	30.1	29.6	29.9	30.0
Transportation and warehousing	38.5	38.0	38.4	38.5
Utilities	41.8	42.1	42.0	41.9
Information	35.9	36.2	36.1	36.1
Financial activities	36.7	36.6	36.8	36.6
Professional and business services	35.3	35.3	35.5	35.5
Education and health services	32.2	31.9	32.0	32.1
Leisure and hospitality	25.0	24.8	25.2	25.2
Other services	30.8	30.6	30.8	30.8
AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing	4.3	4.3	4.6	4.4
Durable goods	4.3	4.4	4.7	4.6
Nondurable goods	4.3	4.1	4.4	4.2
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

Industry	Average hourly earnings				Average weekly earnings
	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)
Total private	$20.04	$20.49	$20.47	$20.50	$675.35	$684.37	$689.84	$690.85
Goods-producing	21.17	21.46	21.50	21.55	872.20	875.57	892.25	892.17
Mining and logging	26.63	26.72	26.44	26.53	1,211.67	1,269.20	1,263.83	1,254.87
Construction	24.24	24.56	24.53	24.66	959.90	943.10	968.94	979.00
Manufacturing	19.21	19.48	19.54	19.53	802.98	808.42	820.68	818.31
Durable goods	20.24	20.54	20.64	20.63	852.10	862.68	875.14	872.65
Nondurable goods	17.52	17.72	17.74	17.72	721.82	724.75	734.44	730.06
Private service-providing	19.80	20.28	20.26	20.28	641.52	653.02	656.42	657.07
Trade, transportation, and utilities	17.63	18.17	18.16	18.24	592.37	603.24	608.36	612.86
Wholesale trade	22.47	23.26	23.15	23.29	867.34	895.51	895.91	898.99
Retail trade	13.94	14.23	14.26	14.30	419.59	421.21	426.37	429.00
Transportation and warehousing	19.63	20.28	20.39	20.52	755.76	770.64	782.98	790.02
Utilities	31.98	32.96	32.83	32.75	1,336.76	1,387.62	1,378.86	1,372.23
Information	27.94	28.70	28.71	28.89	1,003.05	1,038.94	1,036.43	1,042.93
Financial activities	23.71	24.45	24.57	24.57	870.16	894.87	904.18	899.26
Professional and business services	23.61	24.13	24.10	24.07	833.43	851.79	855.55	854.49
Education and health services	21.19	21.53	21.49	21.49	682.32	686.81	687.68	689.83
Leisure and hospitality	11.72	11.94	11.96	11.96	293.00	296.11	301.39	301.39
Other services	17.89	18.36	18.27	18.32	551.01	561.82	562.72	564.26
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (p) Preliminary

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)

[2002=100]

Industry	Index of aggregate weekly hours(2)					Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2014 - Apr. 2014(p)	Apr. 2013	Feb. 2014	Mar. 2014(p)	Apr. 2014(p)	Percent change from: Mar. 2014 - Apr. 2014(p)
Total private	105.8	106.6	107.8	108.1	0.3	141.6	146.0	147.5	148.1	0.4
Goods-producing	84.6	85.0	86.7	86.9	0.2	109.7	111.8	114.2	114.7	0.4
Mining and logging	152.8	165.3	167.1	167.2	0.1	236.7	256.9	257.0	257.9	0.4
Construction	87.1	86.6	89.4	90.6	1.3	114.0	114.8	118.4	120.6	1.9
Manufacturing	80.7	80.8	81.9	82.0	0.1	101.4	103.0	104.7	104.7	0.0
Durable goods	81.9	82.5	83.5	83.7	0.2	103.4	105.8	107.6	107.8	0.2
Nondurable goods	78.6	78.4	79.4	79.1	-0.4	97.3	98.2	99.5	99.0	-0.5
Private service-providing	111.4	112.7	113.6	113.9	0.3	151.3	156.7	157.9	158.4	0.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities	101.9	102.4	103.5	104.0	0.5	128.2	132.7	134.0	135.3	1.0
Wholesale trade	104.8	106.7	107.4	107.7	0.3	138.7	146.2	146.4	147.7	0.9
Retail trade	97.8	97.6	98.7	99.1	0.4	116.9	119.0	120.7	121.5	0.7
Transportation and warehousing	112.1	112.7	114.2	114.7	0.4	139.6	145.0	147.8	149.3	1.0
Utilities	95.1	95.9	95.8	95.3	-0.5	126.9	131.9	131.3	130.3	-0.8
Information	89.2	89.0	88.8	88.8	0.0	123.4	126.5	126.1	126.9	0.6
Financial activities	104.6	105.1	105.6	105.2	-0.4	152.6	158.0	159.7	159.1	-0.4
Professional and business services	120.5	124.5	125.6	126.2	0.5	169.3	178.8	180.2	180.8	0.3
Education and health services	126.9	127.3	127.9	128.5	0.5	177.4	180.8	181.4	182.3	0.5
Leisure and hospitality	114.4	116.3	118.4	118.7	0.3	152.3	157.7	160.9	161.2	0.2
Other services	98.4	98.0	98.9	99.1	0.2	128.3	131.1	131.6	132.3	0.5
Footnotes (1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. (2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. (3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. (p) Preliminary