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Economic News Release
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CES CES Program Links

Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed                   USDL-11-0271
until 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, March 4, 2011

Technical information:
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:         (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                         THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- FEBRUARY 2011


Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 192,000 in February, and the unemployment
rate was little changed at 8.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics re-
ported today. Job gains occurred in manufacturing, construction, professional and
business services, health care, and transportation and warehousing.

Household Survey Data

The number of unemployed persons (13.7 million) and the unemployment rate (8.9
percent) changed little in February. The labor force was about unchanged over
the month. The jobless rate was down by 0.9 percentage point since November 2010.
(See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (8.7 percent),
adult women (8.0 percent), teenagers (23.9 percent), whites (8.0 percent), blacks
(15.3 percent), and Hispanics (11.6 percent) showed little or no change in February.
The jobless rate for Asians was 6.8 percent, not seasonally adjusted. (See tables
A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, at 8.3 million,
continued to trend down in February and has fallen by 1.2 million over the past 12
months. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more)
was 6.0 million and accounted for 43.9 percent of the unemployed. (See tables A-11
and A-12.)

Both the civilian labor force participation rate, at 64.2 percent, and the employ-
ment-population ratio, at 58.4 percent, were unchanged in February. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred
to as involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 8.3 million in
February. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut
back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

In February, 2.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, up
from 2.5 million a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.) These
individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as
unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.0 million discouraged workers in February,
a decrease of 184,000 from a year earlier. (These data are not seasonally adjusted.)
Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no
jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.7 million persons marginally attached to
the labor force in February had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the sur-
vey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 192,000 in February. Job gains occurred in
manufacturing, construction, and several service-providing industries. Since a recent
low in February 2010, total payroll employment has grown by 1.3 million, or an average
of 106,000 per month. (See table B-1.)

Manufacturing employment rose by 33,000 in February. Almost all of the gain occurred
in durable goods industries, including machinery (+9,000) and fabricated metal pro-
ducts (+7,000). Manufacturing has added 195,000 jobs since its most recent trough in
December 2009; durable goods manufacturing added 233,000 jobs during this period.

Construction employment grew by 33,000 in February, following a decline of 22,000 in
January that may have reflected severe winter weather. Within construction, specialty
trade contractors accounted for the bulk of the February job gain (+28,000).

Employment in the service-providing sector continued to expand in February, led by
a gain of 47,000 in professional and business services. Employment services added
29,000 jobs, and employment rose by 7,000 in management and technical consulting.
Within employment services, the number of jobs in temporary help services edged up
over the month.

Health care employment continued to increase in February (+34,000). Over the prior
12 months, health care had added 260,000 jobs, or an average of 22,000 jobs per month.

Transportation and warehousing employment increased by 22,000 in February, with half
of that gain in truck transportation (+11,000).

Employment in both state and local government edged down over the month. Local govern-
ment has lost 377,000 jobs since its peak in September 2008.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at
34.2 hours in February. The manufacturing workweek for all employees rose by 0.1 hour
to 40.5 hours, while factory overtime rose by 0.2 hour to 3.3 hours. The average work-
week for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased
by 0.1 hour to 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

In February, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls
increased by 1 cent to $22.87. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have
increased by 1.7 percent. In February, average hourly earnings of private-sector pro-
duction and nonsupervisory employees were unchanged at $19.33. (See tables B-3 and
B-8.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised from +121,000
to +152,000, and the change for January was revised from +36,000 to +63,000.

___________
The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 1, 2011,
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Change from:
Jan.
2011-
Feb.
2011

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

236,998 238,889 238,704 238,851 147

Civilian labor force

153,558 153,690 153,186 153,246 60

Participation rate

64.8 64.3 64.2 64.2 0.0

Employed

138,698 139,206 139,323 139,573 250

Employment-population ratio

58.5 58.3 58.4 58.4 0.0

Unemployed

14,860 14,485 13,863 13,673 -190

Unemployment rate

9.7 9.4 9.0 8.9 -0.1

Not in labor force

83,440 85,199 85,518 85,605 87

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

9.7 9.4 9.0 8.9 -0.1

Adult men (20 years and over)

10.0 9.4 8.8 8.7 -0.1

Adult women (20 years and over)

8.0 8.1 7.9 8.0 0.1

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

25.0 25.4 25.7 23.9 -1.8

White

8.8 8.5 8.0 8.0 0.0

Black or African American

15.8 15.8 15.7 15.3 -0.4

Asian (not seasonally adjusted)

8.4 7.2 6.9 6.8 -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

12.3 13.0 11.9 11.6 -0.3

Total, 25 years and over

8.3 8.1 7.6 7.6 0.0

Less than a high school diploma

15.5 15.3 14.2 13.9 -0.3

High school graduates, no college

10.5 9.8 9.4 9.5 0.1

Some college or associate degree

7.9 8.1 8.0 7.8 -0.2

Bachelor's degree and higher

4.9 4.8 4.2 4.3 0.1

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

9,493 8,923 8,519 8,334 -185

Job leavers

878 914 910 898 -12

Reentrants

3,444 3,408 3,357 3,352 -5

New entrants

1,220 1,311 1,351 1,337 -14

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,729 2,725 2,678 2,390 -288

5 to 14 weeks

3,380 3,184 3,016 3,094 78

15 to 26 weeks

2,703 2,205 2,285 2,179 -106

27 weeks and over

6,131 6,441 6,210 5,993 -217

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

8,793 8,931 8,407 8,340 -67

Slack work or business conditions

6,188 6,011 5,771 5,630 -141

Could only find part-time work

2,174 2,568 2,510 2,415 -95

Part time for noneconomic reasons

18,326 18,184 17,929 18,220 291

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)

Marginally attached to the labor force

2,527 2,609 2,800 2,730 -

Discouraged workers

1,204 1,318 993 1,020 -

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

-35 152 63 192

Total private

-21 167 68 222

Goods-producing

-50 4 35 70

Mining and logging

5 -1 4 4

Construction

-52 -6 -22 33

Manufacturing

-3 11 53 33

Durable goods(1)

-5 13 61 30

Motor vehicles and parts

-10.4 -2.1 20.0 1.0

Nondurable goods

2 -2 -8 3

Private service-providing(1)

29 163 33 152

Wholesale trade

-7.8 3.8 9.5 11.7

Retail trade

0.4 6.2 30.6 -8.1

Transportation and warehousing

-2.8 50.1 -44.4 22.0

Information

-6 -5 -9 0

Financial activities

-9 1 -12 3

Professional and business services(1)

31 58 35 47

Temporary help services

22.7 43.1 -4.9 15.5

Education and health services(1)

28 28 24 40

Health care and social assistance

20.7 25.3 11.8 36.2

Leisure and hospitality

1 17 -3 21

Other services

-5 2 4 14

Government

-14 -15 -5 -30

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES(2)
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES

Total nonfarm women employees

50.0 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private women employees

48.5 48.2 48.1 48.1

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

82.4 82.4 82.4 82.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.0 34.2 34.2 34.2

Average hourly earnings

$22.48 $22.77 $22.86 $22.87

Average weekly earnings

$764.32 $778.73 $781.81 $782.15

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

91.0 92.6 92.6 92.8

Over-the-month percent change

0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

97.5 100.5 101.0 101.2

Over-the-month percent change

0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2

HOURS AND EARNINGS
PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

33.2 33.5 33.4 33.5

Average hourly earnings

$18.93 $19.23 $19.33 $19.33

Average weekly earnings

$628.48 $644.21 $645.62 $647.56

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100)(3)

97.6 99.6 99.4 99.8

Over-the-month percent change

-0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.4

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2002=100)(4)

123.4 128.0 128.3 129.0

Over-the-month percent change

-0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5

DIFFUSION INDEX(5)
(Over 1-month span)

Total private

48.3 58.6 60.1 68.2

Manufacturing

53.1 59.3 73.5 64.2

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in
the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant
change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has
a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes the self-
employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers,
who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides
estimates of employment for demographic groups.

Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
born.

Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.

On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm.

Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment estimate; firms
from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the
survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an
unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling
frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a
year.

Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving
unemployment insurance benefits?

No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work
are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped
looking for work?

Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs
are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in The Employment
Situation news release.

How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact
on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for
paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other
time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always,
results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be
off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while
some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.

In order for severe weather conditions to reduce the estimate of payroll employment,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. About half of
all employees in the payroll survey have a 2-week, semi-monthly, or monthly pay
period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
counted in the payroll employment figures. It is not possible to quantify the effect
of extreme weather on estimates of employment from the establishment survey.


In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week’s work for weather-
related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off.
The household survey collects data on the number of persons who usually work full
time but had reduced hours, or had a job but were not at work due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey’s most requested
statistics page at http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employ-
ment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey 
provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemploy-
ment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a 
sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Cen-
sus Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, 
and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the 
"B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each 
month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural busi-
ness establishments. The sample includes about 140,000 businesses and 
government agencies representing approximately 410,000 worksites and is 
drawn from a sampling frame of roughly 8.9 million unemployment  in-
surance tax accounts. The active sample includes approximately one-
third of all nonfarm payroll employees. 

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular 
week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is 
generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. 
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period 
including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the 
calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series
of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years
and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed,
or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as
paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, 
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 
hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employ-
ed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, 
bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the follow-
ing criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they 
were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts 
to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the 
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need 
not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment 
data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eli-
gibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed per-
sons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a per-
cent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-popula-
tion ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional 
information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/
cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from pri-
vate nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as
well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees
on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are
counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsu-
pervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defin-
ed as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and 
logging, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory em-
ployees in private service-providing industries. 

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s princi-
pal activity in accordance with the 2007 version of the North American 
Industry Classification System. Additional information about the estab-
lishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/#technical.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment
surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates
derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-
     employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers
     among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.
  
   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
     employed. The establishment survey does not.
  
   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and
     older. The establishment survey is not limited by age.
  
   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than
     one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted
     separately for each appearance.
  
Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring
fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, 
major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of 
such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by
adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make non-
seasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For
example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering
the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that
have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if
the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in
the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by
about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends
in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and
beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to
analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both
the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series
for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment
in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example,
total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate
that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining
the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors
are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including
the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal
factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the es-
tablishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month 
to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months 
are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and re-
calculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revi-
sions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather
than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the
sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending
on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by
the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, 
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ 
by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value 
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 
90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in
total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order
of plus or minus 100,0001. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment
increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confi-
dence interval on the monthly change would range from -50,000 to 
+150,000 (50,000 +/- 100,0002). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is
about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies
within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than
zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in
fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employ-
ment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent 
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is 
likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in 
fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, 
the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemploy-
ment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 280,000, and for 
the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/-0.19 per-
centage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments
have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than
estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The pre-
cision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over 
time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by
nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwill-
ingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely 
basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collec-
tion or processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most
recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only
after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly 
all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is consi-
dered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment
survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment
generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestima-
tion of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two compo-
nents is used to account for business births. The first component 
excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based 
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from 
business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based esti-
mation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out 
of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the 
other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the 
net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to
estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for 
by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and 
test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance 
universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net 
of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are ad-
justed once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll
employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment
insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based em-
ployment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a bench-
mark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. 
The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of 
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions  for 
total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from 
-0.7 to 0.6 percent.

Other information

   Information in this release will be made available to sensory im-
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HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

236,998 238,704 238,851 236,998 238,530 238,715 238,889 238,704 238,851

Civilian labor force

153,194 152,536 152,635 153,558 153,960 153,950 153,690 153,186 153,246

Participation rate

64.6 63.9 63.9 64.8 64.5 64.5 64.3 64.2 64.2

Employed

137,203 137,599 138,093 138,698 139,084 138,909 139,206 139,323 139,573

Employment-population ratio

57.9 57.6 57.8 58.5 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.4 58.4

Unemployed

15,991 14,937 14,542 14,860 14,876 15,041 14,485 13,863 13,673

Unemployment rate

10.4 9.8 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9

Not in labor force

83,804 86,168 86,216 83,440 84,570 84,765 85,199 85,518 85,605

Persons who currently want a job

6,086 6,643 6,405 6,111 6,279 6,248 6,471 6,410 6,410

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

114,735 115,828 115,907 114,735 115,542 115,640 115,731 115,828 115,907

Civilian labor force

81,488 81,103 81,360 81,580 82,000 81,986 81,845 81,544 81,720

Participation rate

71.0 70.0 70.2 71.1 71.0 70.9 70.7 70.4 70.5

Employed

71,566 72,307 72,796 72,884 73,470 73,337 73,600 73,800 74,122

Employment-population ratio

62.4 62.4 62.8 63.5 63.6 63.4 63.6 63.7 63.9

Unemployed

9,923 8,796 8,564 8,696 8,530 8,649 8,245 7,744 7,598

Unemployment rate

12.2 10.8 10.5 10.7 10.4 10.5 10.1 9.5 9.3

Not in labor force

33,247 34,725 34,548 33,155 33,542 33,653 33,886 34,284 34,187

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

106,100 107,203 107,292 106,100 107,007 107,114 107,216 107,203 107,292

Civilian labor force

78,678 78,346 78,672 78,568 79,016 78,980 78,906 78,506 78,795

Participation rate

74.2 73.1 73.3 74.1 73.8 73.7 73.6 73.2 73.4

Employed

69,606 70,360 70,842 70,707 71,365 71,130 71,480 71,589 71,954

Employment-population ratio

65.6 65.6 66.0 66.6 66.7 66.4 66.7 66.8 67.1

Unemployed

9,072 7,986 7,829 7,861 7,651 7,849 7,426 6,917 6,841

Unemployment rate

11.5 10.2 10.0 10.0 9.7 9.9 9.4 8.8 8.7

Not in labor force

27,422 28,857 28,620 27,531 27,991 28,134 28,310 28,698 28,497

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

122,263 122,876 122,944 122,263 122,988 123,075 123,158 122,876 122,944

Civilian labor force

71,706 71,433 71,275 71,978 71,960 71,964 71,845 71,642 71,526

Participation rate

58.6 58.1 58.0 58.9 58.5 58.5 58.3 58.3 58.2

Employed

65,638 65,292 65,297 65,813 65,613 65,572 65,605 65,523 65,451

Employment-population ratio

53.7 53.1 53.1 53.8 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.3 53.2

Unemployed

6,068 6,141 5,978 6,164 6,346 6,392 6,240 6,119 6,075

Unemployment rate

8.5 8.6 8.4 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.5

Not in labor force

50,557 51,443 51,668 50,285 51,028 51,112 51,313 51,234 51,418

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

113,886 114,637 114,714 113,886 114,704 114,801 114,894 114,637 114,714

Civilian labor force

68,940 68,842 68,728 69,026 69,018 69,151 69,027 68,839 68,802

Participation rate

60.5 60.1 59.9 60.6 60.2 60.2 60.1 60.0 60.0

Employed

63,459 63,300 63,277 63,516 63,400 63,385 63,428 63,392 63,319

Employment-population ratio

55.7 55.2 55.2 55.8 55.3 55.2 55.2 55.3 55.2

Unemployed

5,481 5,542 5,451 5,509 5,618 5,766 5,599 5,447 5,483

Unemployment rate

8.0 8.1 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1 7.9 8.0

Not in labor force

44,947 45,795 45,986 44,861 45,687 45,651 45,867 45,798 45,912

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,012 16,863 16,845 17,012 16,819 16,800 16,780 16,863 16,845

Civilian labor force

5,577 5,348 5,235 5,964 5,927 5,820 5,757 5,841 5,649

Participation rate

32.8 31.7 31.1 35.1 35.2 34.6 34.3 34.6 33.5

Employed

4,139 3,939 3,974 4,475 4,319 4,393 4,298 4,341 4,300

Employment-population ratio

24.3 23.4 23.6 26.3 25.7 26.2 25.6 25.7 25.5

Unemployed

1,438 1,409 1,262 1,490 1,607 1,426 1,460 1,500 1,350

Unemployment rate

25.8 26.3 24.1 25.0 27.1 24.5 25.4 25.7 23.9

Not in labor force

11,436 11,516 11,610 11,048 10,893 10,980 11,022 11,022 11,196

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

191,552 192,516 192,601 191,552 192,527 192,641 192,749 192,516 192,601

Civilian labor force

124,790 123,696 123,848 124,957 124,914 124,824 124,700 124,192 124,237

Participation rate

65.1 64.3 64.3 65.2 64.9 64.8 64.7 64.5 64.5

Employed

112,712 112,754 113,066 113,958 113,975 113,728 114,079 114,197 114,330

Employment-population ratio

58.8 58.6 58.7 59.5 59.2 59.0 59.2 59.3 59.4

Unemployed

12,079 10,942 10,782 10,999 10,940 11,096 10,620 9,995 9,907

Unemployment rate

9.7 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.8 8.9 8.5 8.0 8.0

Not in labor force

66,762 68,820 68,752 66,595 67,612 67,817 68,049 68,325 68,364

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

65,128 64,551 64,866 64,994 65,215 65,088 65,041 64,673 64,919

Participation rate

74.7 73.5 73.8 74.6 74.3 74.1 74.0 73.6 73.9

Employed

58,183 58,584 58,939 59,104 59,425 59,137 59,484 59,586 59,860

Employment-population ratio

66.7 66.7 67.1 67.8 67.7 67.3 67.7 67.8 68.1

Unemployed

6,945 5,968 5,926 5,890 5,790 5,951 5,557 5,086 5,059

Unemployment rate

10.7 9.2 9.1 9.1 8.9 9.1 8.5 7.9 7.8

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

55,087 54,728 54,685 55,054 54,846 54,953 54,914 54,686 54,677

Participation rate

60.3 59.6 59.6 60.2 59.7 59.7 59.7 59.6 59.5

Employed

51,032 50,791 50,772 51,053 50,835 50,817 50,920 50,878 50,816

Employment-population ratio

55.8 55.3 55.3 55.9 55.3 55.2 55.3 55.4 55.3

Unemployed

4,055 3,937 3,913 4,001 4,012 4,136 3,994 3,808 3,860

Unemployment rate

7.4 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.3 7.0 7.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,575 4,417 4,297 4,909 4,853 4,783 4,746 4,833 4,641

Participation rate

35.2 34.3 33.4 37.8 37.8 37.3 37.1 37.5 36.1

Employed

3,497 3,380 3,354 3,802 3,715 3,775 3,676 3,732 3,654

Employment-population ratio

26.9 26.2 26.1 29.3 29.0 29.5 28.7 29.0 28.4

Unemployed

1,078 1,037 943 1,108 1,138 1,008 1,070 1,100 987

Unemployment rate

23.6 23.5 21.9 22.6 23.4 21.1 22.5 22.8 21.3

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

28,559 28,947 28,976 28,559 28,831 28,865 28,896 28,947 28,976

Civilian labor force

17,599 17,757 17,680 17,763 17,946 18,020 17,958 17,857 17,865

Participation rate

61.6 61.3 61.0 62.2 62.2 62.4 62.1 61.7 61.7

Employed

14,752 14,819 14,922 14,952 15,127 15,142 15,119 15,048 15,124

Employment-population ratio

51.7 51.2 51.5 52.4 52.5 52.5 52.3 52.0 52.2

Unemployed

2,847 2,938 2,758 2,811 2,818 2,878 2,839 2,809 2,741

Unemployment rate

16.2 16.5 15.6 15.8 15.7 16.0 15.8 15.7 15.3

Not in labor force

10,960 11,190 11,296 10,796 10,885 10,845 10,939 11,090 11,112

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

7,971 8,070 8,014 7,994 8,072 8,099 8,106 8,054 8,053

Participation rate

69.1 68.5 67.9 69.3 69.0 69.1 69.1 68.3 68.2

Employed

6,448 6,589 6,608 6,574 6,763 6,753 6,764 6,723 6,745

Employment-population ratio

55.9 55.9 56.0 57.0 57.8 57.6 57.6 57.1 57.2

Unemployed

1,523 1,481 1,406 1,420 1,309 1,346 1,341 1,331 1,309

Unemployment rate

19.1 18.4 17.5 17.8 16.2 16.6 16.5 16.5 16.2

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

8,995 9,086 9,095 9,076 9,173 9,228 9,204 9,146 9,185

Participation rate

62.7 62.5 62.5 63.3 63.3 63.6 63.3 62.9 63.1

Employed

7,934 7,911 7,956 7,975 7,998 8,017 7,993 7,966 7,993

Employment-population ratio

55.3 54.4 54.6 55.6 55.2 55.2 55.0 54.8 54.9

Unemployed

1,062 1,175 1,140 1,101 1,176 1,211 1,211 1,179 1,192

Unemployment rate

11.8 12.9 12.5 12.1 12.8 13.1 13.2 12.9 13.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

633 601 571 693 700 693 648 658 627

Participation rate

23.6 22.9 21.8 25.9 26.5 26.3 24.6 25.1 23.9

Employed

371 319 358 403 366 372 361 359 386

Employment-population ratio

13.8 12.2 13.7 15.0 13.9 14.1 13.7 13.7 14.7

Unemployed

262 282 212 290 334 321 287 299 241

Unemployment rate

41.4 46.9 37.2 41.8 47.7 46.3 44.2 45.4 38.4

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

11,020 11,351 11,345 - - - - - -

Civilian labor force

7,074 7,354 7,351 - - - - - -

Participation rate

64.2 64.8 64.8 - - - - - -

Employed

6,483 6,846 6,850 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

58.8 60.3 60.4 - - - - - -

Unemployed

592 509 502 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

8.4 6.9 6.8 - - - - - -

Not in labor force

3,946 3,997 3,994 - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

33,335 34,001 34,079 33,335 34,014 34,102 34,188 34,001 34,079

Civilian labor force

22,582 22,714 22,373 22,639 22,814 22,915 22,868 22,823 22,519

Participation rate

67.7 66.8 65.7 67.9 67.1 67.2 66.9 67.1 66.1

Employed

19,554 19,711 19,580 19,849 19,936 19,899 19,906 20,099 19,912

Employment-population ratio

58.7 58.0 57.5 59.5 58.6 58.4 58.2 59.1 58.4

Unemployed

3,027 3,003 2,793 2,791 2,878 3,016 2,962 2,724 2,606

Unemployment rate

13.4 13.2 12.5 12.3 12.6 13.2 13.0 11.9 11.6

Not in labor force

10,753 11,287 11,706 10,695 11,201 11,188 11,320 11,178 11,561

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

12,863 12,865 12,844 - - - - - -

Participation rate

83.0 81.8 81.5 - - - - - -

Employed

11,128 11,196 11,282 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

71.8 71.2 71.6 - - - - - -

Unemployed

1,735 1,669 1,562 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

13.5 13.0 12.2 - - - - - -

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

8,743 8,892 8,645 - - - - - -

Participation rate

59.9 59.7 57.9 - - - - - -

Employed

7,759 7,873 7,685 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

53.1 52.9 51.5 - - - - - -

Unemployed

984 1,019 960 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

11.3 11.5 11.1 - - - - - -

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

976 957 884 - - - - - -

Participation rate

30.2 28.3 26.1 - - - - - -

Employed

667 642 613 - - - - - -

Employment-population ratio

20.7 19.0 18.1 - - - - - -

Unemployed

308 315 271 - - - - - -

Unemployment rate

31.6 32.9 30.6 - - - - - -

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

11,415 11,437 11,045 11,561 11,800 11,803 11,758 11,383 11,317

Participation rate

45.8 45.3 44.4 46.4 47.0 46.6 46.0 45.1 45.5

Employed

9,369 9,545 9,293 9,772 9,995 9,955 9,963 9,770 9,749

Employment-population ratio

37.6 37.8 37.4 39.2 39.8 39.3 39.0 38.7 39.2

Unemployed

2,046 1,892 1,752 1,789 1,805 1,848 1,795 1,613 1,568

Unemployment rate

17.9 16.5 15.9 15.5 15.3 15.7 15.3 14.2 13.9

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

39,089 37,747 37,806 38,639 38,051 37,824 38,203 37,513 37,525

Participation rate

62.4 60.7 60.7 61.7 61.6 61.1 60.9 60.3 60.3

Employed

34,425 33,724 33,750 34,567 34,225 34,035 34,465 33,972 33,965

Employment-population ratio

54.9 54.2 54.2 55.2 55.4 55.0 54.9 54.6 54.6

Unemployed

4,664 4,023 4,056 4,072 3,826 3,789 3,738 3,541 3,560

Unemployment rate

11.9 10.7 10.7 10.5 10.1 10.0 9.8 9.4 9.5

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

36,793 36,701 36,928 36,594 37,120 37,037 36,809 36,841 36,784

Participation rate

70.6 70.0 69.7 70.3 70.0 69.8 70.2 70.2 69.5

Employed

33,685 33,591 33,916 33,706 33,972 33,832 33,821 33,878 33,919

Employment-population ratio

64.7 64.0 64.0 64.7 64.0 63.8 64.5 64.6 64.1

Unemployed

3,108 3,109 3,012 2,889 3,148 3,205 2,988 2,963 2,865

Unemployment rate

8.4 8.5 8.2 7.9 8.5 8.7 8.1 8.0 7.8

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

45,598 46,288 46,520 45,677 46,132 46,322 46,312 46,263 46,591

Participation rate

76.8 76.4 76.8 76.9 76.1 76.6 76.9 76.4 76.9

Employed

43,313 44,226 44,495 43,436 43,971 43,952 44,095 44,322 44,588

Employment-population ratio

73.0 73.0 73.4 73.2 72.6 72.7 73.2 73.2 73.6

Unemployed

2,285 2,062 2,025 2,241 2,161 2,370 2,217 1,941 2,003

Unemployment rate

5.0 4.5 4.4 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

22,152 21,763 20,376 19,967 1,776 1,796

Civilian labor force

11,875 11,427 10,807 10,250 1,068 1,177

Participation rate

53.6 52.5 53.0 51.3 60.1 65.5

Employed

10,751 10,376 9,767 9,301 983 1,075

Employment-population ratio

48.5 47.7 47.9 46.6 55.4 59.8

Unemployed

1,124 1,051 1,040 949 85 102

Unemployment rate

9.5 9.2 9.6 9.3 7.9 8.7

Not in labor force

10,277 10,336 9,569 9,717 708 619

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,078 2,337 1,747 1,920 331 417

Civilian labor force

1,696 1,906 1,464 1,607 232 300

Participation rate

81.6 81.6 83.8 83.7 70.1 71.9

Employed

1,484 1,667 1,283 1,394 201 274

Employment-population ratio

71.4 71.3 73.4 72.6 60.7 65.6

Unemployed

212 239 181 213 31 26

Unemployment rate

12.5 12.5 12.4 13.3 13.4 8.7

Not in labor force

382 431 283 313 99 117

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

2,927 2,939 2,507 2,485 420 454

Civilian labor force

2,548 2,477 2,226 2,126 322 351

Participation rate

87.0 84.3 88.8 85.6 76.6 77.2

Employed

2,321 2,280 2,014 1,954 307 326

Employment-population ratio

79.3 77.6 80.4 78.6 73.1 71.6

Unemployed

226 197 212 172 15 25

Unemployment rate

8.9 8.0 9.5 8.1 4.5 7.2

Not in labor force

379 462 281 359 98 103

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

11,153 10,626 10,782 10,295 372 331

Civilian labor force

4,118 3,701 4,001 3,578 117 123

Participation rate

36.9 34.8 37.1 34.8 31.4 37.0

Employed

3,785 3,385 3,673 3,273 112 112

Employment-population ratio

33.9 31.9 34.1 31.8 30.1 33.8

Unemployed

332 316 327 305 5 11

Unemployment rate

8.1 8.5 8.2 8.5 4.3 8.7

Not in labor force

7,036 6,925 6,781 6,717 255 209

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

5,994 5,861 5,341 5,267 653 594

Civilian labor force

3,514 3,344 3,116 2,940 397 404

Participation rate

58.6 57.0 58.3 55.8 60.9 68.0

Employed

3,161 3,044 2,797 2,680 364 364

Employment-population ratio

52.7 51.9 52.4 50.9 55.7 61.3

Unemployed

353 299 319 259 34 40

Unemployment rate

10.1 9.0 10.3 8.8 8.5 9.9

Not in labor force

2,480 2,517 2,225 2,328 256 190

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

205,915 208,204 89,856 91,410 116,059 116,794

Civilian labor force

139,527 139,606 69,824 70,315 69,703 69,292

Participation rate

67.8 67.1 77.7 76.9 60.1 59.3

Employed

125,152 126,562 61,215 62,932 63,936 63,630

Employment-population ratio

60.8 60.8 68.1 68.8 55.1 54.5

Unemployed

14,375 13,044 8,609 7,382 5,766 5,662

Unemployment rate

10.3 9.3 12.3 10.5 8.3 8.2

Not in labor force

66,389 68,598 20,032 21,096 46,357 47,502

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

26,899 27,179 210,100 211,672

Civilian labor force

5,887 5,592 147,308 147,043

Participation rate

21.9 20.6 70.1 69.5

Employed

5,076 4,730 132,127 133,363

Employment-population ratio

18.9 17.4 62.9 63.0

Unemployed

811 862 15,181 13,680

Unemployment rate

13.8 15.4 10.3 9.3

Not in labor force

21,012 21,587 62,792 64,629

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,741 2,510 75,106 74,988

Participation rate

37.6 34.2 82.7 82.2

Employed

2,294 2,085 65,913 67,091

Employment-population ratio

31.5 28.4 72.6 73.5

Unemployed

447 425 9,193 7,897

Unemployment rate

16.3 16.9 12.2 10.5

Not in labor force

4,545 4,839 15,706 16,280

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,329 2,203 66,343 65,944

Participation rate

30.9 29.3 71.4 70.7

Employed

2,022 1,834 60,809 60,526

Employment-population ratio

26.9 24.3 65.4 64.9

Unemployed

306 370 5,534 5,418

Unemployment rate

13.2 16.8 8.3 8.2

Not in labor force

5,199 5,328 26,586 27,357

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

817 879 5,859 6,110

Participation rate

6.8 7.1 22.2 22.5

Employed

760 811 5,405 5,746

Employment-population ratio

6.3 6.6 20.5 21.2

Unemployed

58 67 454 365

Unemployment rate

7.1 7.7 7.7 6.0

Not in labor force

11,267 11,421 20,500 20,992

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

35,315 36,026 17,683 17,781 17,633 18,245

Civilian labor force

23,854 23,958 14,098 14,061 9,756 9,897

Participation rate

67.5 66.5 79.7 79.1 55.3 54.2

Employed

21,102 21,614 12,365 12,673 8,737 8,942

Employment-population ratio

59.8 60.0 69.9 71.3 49.5 49.0

Unemployed

2,752 2,344 1,734 1,388 1,019 956

Unemployment rate

11.5 9.8 12.3 9.9 10.4 9.7

Not in labor force

11,461 12,068 3,584 3,720 7,877 8,348

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

201,683 202,825 97,053 98,126 104,630 104,698

Civilian labor force

129,341 128,676 67,390 67,299 61,950 61,378

Participation rate

64.1 63.4 69.4 68.6 59.2 58.6

Employed

116,102 116,478 59,201 60,123 56,901 56,355

Employment-population ratio

57.6 57.4 61.0 61.3 54.4 53.8

Unemployed

13,239 12,198 8,189 7,176 5,050 5,023

Unemployment rate

10.2 9.5 12.2 10.7 8.2 8.2

Not in labor force

72,342 74,148 29,663 30,828 42,680 43,321

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,132 2,100 2,097 2,311 2,348 2,185 2,176 2,256 2,255

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,261 1,263 1,233 1,360 1,446 1,385 1,384 1,390 1,340

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

849 819 849 909 823 771 775 861 889

Unpaid family workers

22 18 15 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

135,071 135,499 135,996 136,527 136,797 136,752 137,001 137,088 137,443

Wage and salary workers(1)

126,091 126,882 127,336 127,449 127,852 127,728 128,043 128,151 128,664

Government

21,297 20,626 20,985 21,281 20,717 20,600 20,759 20,740 20,933

Private industries

104,794 106,255 106,351 106,093 107,100 107,146 107,303 107,409 107,681

Private households

666 610 688 - - - - - -

Other industries

104,127 105,645 105,663 105,387 106,470 106,516 106,665 106,774 106,965

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,900 8,526 8,573 8,995 8,862 8,832 8,783 8,864 8,688

Unpaid family workers

80 91 87 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

9,282 9,187 8,749 8,793 9,100 8,960 8,931 8,407 8,340

Slack work or business conditions

6,708 6,513 6,051 6,188 6,174 6,025 6,011 5,771 5,630

Could only find part-time work

2,252 2,373 2,402 2,174 2,564 2,557 2,568 2,510 2,415

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

18,718 18,048 18,669 18,326 18,230 18,326 18,184 17,929 18,220

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

9,108 9,027 8,633 8,659 8,991 8,822 8,789 8,242 8,248

Slack work or business conditions

6,584 6,415 5,974 6,085 6,108 5,941 5,911 5,661 5,558

Could only find part-time work

2,237 2,358 2,388 2,169 2,534 2,555 2,542 2,513 2,383

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

18,387 17,675 18,321 17,987 17,848 17,929 17,829 17,552 17,835

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

137,203 137,599 138,093 138,698 139,084 138,909 139,206 139,323 139,573

16 to 19 years

4,139 3,939 3,974 4,475 4,319 4,393 4,298 4,341 4,300

16 to 17 years

1,301 1,225 1,155 1,453 1,434 1,440 1,434 1,406 1,311

18 to 19 years

2,838 2,713 2,819 3,039 2,894 2,961 2,869 2,939 3,000

20 years and over

133,064 133,660 134,119 134,223 134,764 134,515 134,908 134,982 135,274

20 to 24 years

12,273 12,573 12,664 12,575 12,774 12,774 12,713 12,941 12,954

25 years and over

120,792 121,087 121,455 121,557 121,910 121,744 122,196 122,026 122,245

25 to 54 years

93,348 92,980 93,017 94,047 94,011 93,723 93,962 93,758 93,764

25 to 34 years

29,831 30,065 30,110 30,138 30,323 30,214 30,345 30,438 30,412

35 to 44 years

30,375 30,107 30,156 30,607 30,650 30,527 30,447 30,373 30,409

45 to 54 years

33,142 32,807 32,751 33,302 33,037 32,982 33,170 32,946 32,943

55 years and over

27,444 28,106 28,437 27,510 27,899 28,021 28,234 28,268 28,481

Men, 16 years and over

71,566 72,307 72,796 72,884 73,470 73,337 73,600 73,800 74,122

16 to 19 years

1,960 1,947 1,953 2,177 2,106 2,206 2,121 2,211 2,168

16 to 17 years

583 608 562 686 660 688 695 717 668

18 to 19 years

1,377 1,339 1,391 1,489 1,443 1,524 1,420 1,471 1,495

20 years and over

69,606 70,360 70,842 70,707 71,365 71,130 71,480 71,589 71,954

20 to 24 years

6,116 6,484 6,513 6,314 6,542 6,502 6,568 6,784 6,715

25 years and over

63,490 63,876 64,329 64,361 64,803 64,617 64,904 64,789 65,179

25 to 54 years

49,198 49,251 49,491 49,947 50,209 49,970 50,117 50,005 50,247

25 to 34 years

15,992 16,254 16,347 16,298 16,434 16,331 16,428 16,542 16,627

35 to 44 years

16,218 16,148 16,240 16,437 16,573 16,543 16,522 16,394 16,477

45 to 54 years

16,988 16,849 16,904 17,213 17,202 17,096 17,168 17,070 17,143

55 years and over

14,292 14,625 14,839 14,414 14,594 14,648 14,787 14,784 14,932

Women, 16 years and over

65,638 65,292 65,297 65,813 65,613 65,572 65,605 65,523 65,451

16 to 19 years

2,179 1,992 2,021 2,297 2,214 2,187 2,177 2,130 2,132

16 to 17 years

718 617 593 767 774 752 739 689 644

18 to 19 years

1,461 1,374 1,428 1,550 1,452 1,437 1,449 1,468 1,506

20 years and over

63,459 63,300 63,277 63,516 63,400 63,385 63,428 63,392 63,319

20 to 24 years

6,157 6,090 6,151 6,260 6,232 6,272 6,145 6,157 6,239

25 years and over

57,302 57,210 57,125 57,196 57,106 57,127 57,292 57,237 57,065

25 to 54 years

44,150 43,729 43,527 44,100 43,801 43,753 43,845 43,752 43,517

25 to 34 years

13,839 13,811 13,764 13,840 13,889 13,883 13,917 13,897 13,785

35 to 44 years

14,157 13,959 13,916 14,170 14,077 13,983 13,925 13,979 13,931

45 to 54 years

16,154 15,959 15,847 16,089 15,836 15,887 16,003 15,877 15,800

55 years and over

13,152 13,481 13,598 13,096 13,305 13,374 13,447 13,485 13,549

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

42,951 42,492 42,658 43,210 43,301 43,130 43,081 42,915 42,957

Married women, spouse present

35,286 34,615 34,579 35,207 34,553 34,543 34,612 34,571 34,496

Women who maintain families

8,445 8,686 8,499 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(1)

109,100 110,373 110,731 111,013 111,585 111,187 111,744 112,356 112,660

Part-time workers(2)

28,103 27,226 27,361 27,514 27,433 27,594 27,394 26,901 26,878

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,161 6,621 6,882 7,041 6,679 6,734 6,950 6,840 6,764

Percent of total employed

5.2 4.8 5.0 5.1 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

5,356 5,208 5,221 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,749 9,345 9,421 9,905 9,684 9,603 9,559 9,724 9,577

Footnotes
(1) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(2) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

14,860 13,863 13,673 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9

16 to 19 years

1,490 1,500 1,350 25.0 27.1 24.5 25.4 25.7 23.9

16 to 17 years

579 541 531 28.5 30.3 24.9 27.1 27.8 28.8

18 to 19 years

941 960 820 23.6 24.7 24.2 24.5 24.6 21.5

20 years and over

13,370 12,363 12,323 9.1 9.0 9.2 8.8 8.4 8.3

20 to 24 years

2,379 2,315 2,352 15.9 15.3 15.9 15.3 15.2 15.4

25 years and over

10,995 10,028 10,013 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.1 7.6 7.6

25 to 54 years

8,873 8,036 8,049 8.6 8.5 8.7 8.5 7.9 7.9

25 to 34 years

3,284 3,112 3,146 9.8 9.9 10.4 10.1 9.3 9.4

35 to 44 years

2,915 2,416 2,436 8.7 7.9 7.7 7.8 7.4 7.4

45 to 54 years

2,674 2,507 2,467 7.4 7.8 8.1 7.5 7.1 7.0

55 years and over

2,106 2,022 1,962 7.1 7.2 7.2 6.9 6.7 6.4

Men, 16 years and over

8,696 7,744 7,598 10.7 10.4 10.5 10.1 9.5 9.3

16 to 19 years

835 827 757 27.7 29.4 26.6 27.8 27.2 25.9

16 to 17 years

304 295 267 30.7 33.8 28.5 29.0 29.1 28.5

18 to 19 years

559 533 493 27.3 26.8 25.5 27.4 26.6 24.8

20 years and over

7,861 6,917 6,841 10.0 9.7 9.9 9.4 8.8 8.7

20 to 24 years

1,434 1,281 1,315 18.5 16.5 18.1 16.9 15.9 16.4

25 years and over

6,429 5,648 5,565 9.1 8.9 9.0 8.6 8.0 7.9

25 to 54 years

5,217 4,511 4,428 9.5 9.1 9.3 8.9 8.3 8.1

25 to 34 years

1,975 1,790 1,743 10.8 10.4 10.9 10.6 9.8 9.5

35 to 44 years

1,687 1,344 1,327 9.3 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.6 7.5

45 to 54 years

1,555 1,377 1,358 8.3 8.6 9.2 8.3 7.5 7.3

55 years and over

1,213 1,137 1,137 7.8 8.3 8.0 7.2 7.1 7.1

Women, 16 years and over

6,164 6,119 6,075 8.6 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.5

16 to 19 years

655 673 593 22.2 24.8 22.3 22.8 24.0 21.8

16 to 17 years

276 247 264 26.4 27.0 21.2 25.2 26.4 29.1

18 to 19 years

381 427 327 19.7 22.6 22.8 21.5 22.5 17.8

20 years and over

5,509 5,447 5,483 8.0 8.1 8.3 8.1 7.9 8.0

20 to 24 years

946 1,033 1,036 13.1 13.9 13.5 13.5 14.4 14.2

25 years and over

4,565 4,380 4,448 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.2

25 to 54 years

3,657 3,525 3,621 7.7 7.9 8.1 7.9 7.5 7.7

25 to 34 years

1,309 1,323 1,403 8.6 9.4 9.8 9.5 8.7 9.2

35 to 44 years

1,228 1,072 1,109 8.0 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.1 7.4

45 to 54 years

1,119 1,130 1,109 6.5 6.9 6.9 6.6 6.6 6.6

55 years and over(1)

911 906 825 6.5 5.9 6.2 5.8 6.3 5.7

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present

3,173 2,666 2,641 6.8 6.9 6.9 6.6 5.8 5.8

Married women, spouse present

2,272 2,036 1,964 6.1 5.7 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4

Women who maintain families(1)

1,112 1,268 1,273 11.6 12.4 13.0 12.0 12.7 13.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(2)

13,070 12,063 11,798 10.5 10.5 10.7 10.2 9.7 9.5

Part-time workers(3)

1,835 1,793 1,873 6.3 6.3 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.5

Footnotes
(1) Not seasonally adjusted.
(2) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(3) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

10,664 9,520 9,212 9,493 9,070 9,471 8,923 8,519 8,334

On temporary layoff

2,100 1,825 1,718 1,541 1,293 1,430 1,402 1,249 1,270

Not on temporary layoff

8,564 7,695 7,495 7,953 7,777 8,042 7,521 7,270 7,064

Permanent job losers

7,129 6,097 6,005 6,636 6,254 6,425 5,995 5,879 5,671

Persons who completed temporary jobs

1,435 1,599 1,489 1,317 1,523 1,617 1,526 1,391 1,393

Job leavers

874 935 888 878 854 864 914 910 898

Reentrants

3,449 3,332 3,338 3,444 3,498 3,427 3,408 3,357 3,352

New entrants

1,005 1,150 1,103 1,220 1,278 1,269 1,311 1,351 1,337

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

66.7 63.7 63.4 63.1 61.7 63.0 61.3 60.3 59.9

On temporary layoff

13.1 12.2 11.8 10.2 8.8 9.5 9.6 8.8 9.1

Not on temporary layoff

53.6 51.5 51.5 52.9 52.9 53.5 51.7 51.4 50.7

Job leavers

5.5 6.3 6.1 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.3 6.4 6.4

Reentrants

21.6 22.3 23.0 22.9 23.8 22.8 23.4 23.7 24.1

New entrants

6.3 7.7 7.6 8.1 8.7 8.4 9.0 9.6 9.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

7.0 6.2 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.4

Job leavers

0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Reentrants

2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2

New entrants

0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,607 3,181 2,263 2,729 2,659 2,824 2,725 2,678 2,390

5 to 14 weeks

4,139 3,267 3,801 3,380 3,427 3,336 3,184 3,016 3,094

15 weeks and over

9,245 8,489 8,478 8,834 8,734 8,843 8,647 8,495 8,172

15 to 26 weeks

2,959 2,182 2,420 2,703 2,500 2,515 2,205 2,285 2,179

27 weeks and over

6,286 6,307 6,058 6,131 6,234 6,328 6,441 6,210 5,993

Average (mean) duration, in weeks(1)

29.3 35.5 36.7 29.8 33.9 33.9 34.2 36.9 37.1

Median duration, in weeks

19.6 19.9 20.6 19.6 21.3 21.7 22.4 21.8 21.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

16.3 21.3 15.6 18.3 17.9 18.8 18.7 18.9 17.5

5 to 14 weeks

25.9 21.9 26.1 22.6 23.1 22.2 21.9 21.3 22.7

15 weeks and over

57.8 56.8 58.3 59.1 58.9 58.9 59.4 59.9 59.8

15 to 26 weeks

18.5 14.6 16.6 18.1 16.9 16.8 15.2 16.1 16.0

27 weeks and over

39.3 42.2 41.7 41.0 42.1 42.2 44.3 43.8 43.9

Footnotes
(1) Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information, see www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011

Total, 16 years and over(1)

137,203 138,093 15,991 14,542 10.4 9.5

Management, professional, and related occupations

52,324 52,557 2,637 2,435 4.8 4.4

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

21,573 21,256 1,165 1,089 5.1 4.9

Professional and related occupations

30,752 31,301 1,471 1,346 4.6 4.1

Service occupations

24,133 23,758 2,878 2,846 10.7 10.7

Sales and office occupations

33,118 33,220 3,465 3,180 9.5 8.7

Sales and related occupations

15,081 15,367 1,704 1,523 10.2 9.0

Office and administrative support occupations

18,037 17,853 1,761 1,657 8.9 8.5

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

12,407 12,676 3,259 2,568 20.8 16.8

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

856 911 252 255 22.7 21.9

Construction and extraction occupations

6,819 6,868 2,457 1,938 26.5 22.0

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,732 4,897 549 374 10.4 7.1

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

15,220 15,882 2,720 2,356 15.2 12.9

Production occupations

7,404 7,908 1,343 1,105 15.4 12.3

Transportation and material moving occupations

7,816 7,973 1,377 1,251 15.0 13.6

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011

Total, 16 years and over(1)

15,991 14,542 10.4 9.5

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

13,142 11,641 11.1 9.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

79 41 10.7 5.6

Construction

2,440 1,883 27.1 21.8

Manufacturing

1,814 1,492 12.1 9.9

Durable goods

1,276 989 13.6 10.5

Nondurable goods

538 503 9.7 8.9

Wholesale and retail trade

2,071 1,889 10.0 9.2

Transportation and utilities

591 499 10.5 9.0

Information

300 205 10.0 6.7

Financial activities

708 636 7.5 6.9

Professional and business services

1,740 1,469 12.0 10.1

Education and health services

1,200 1,198 5.6 5.6

Leisure and hospitality

1,597 1,783 12.7 13.8

Other services

603 546 9.9 8.9

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

285 270 18.8 18.4

Government workers

880 927 4.0 4.2

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

680 601 6.5 5.9

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Oct.
2010
Nov.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011
Feb.
2011

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

6.0 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

7.0 6.2 6.0 6.2 5.9 6.2 5.8 5.6 5.4

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

10.4 9.8 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

11.1 10.4 10.1 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.2 9.6 9.5

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

11.9 11.4 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.2 10.9 10.7 10.5

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

17.9 17.3 16.7 16.8 17.0 17.0 16.7 16.1 15.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011
Feb.
2010
Feb.
2011

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

83,804 86,216 33,247 34,548 50,557 51,668

Persons who currently want a job

6,086 6,405 2,974 3,036 3,113 3,369

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

2,527 2,730 1,433 1,447 1,094 1,283

Discouraged workers(2)

1,204 1,020 762 592 442 427

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,323 1,710 671 854 652 855

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,161 6,882 3,454 3,364 3,707 3,518

Percent of total employed

5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6 5.6 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

3,735 3,573 2,027 1,964 1,708 1,609

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,842 1,855 546 618 1,296 1,236

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

290 222 181 142 108 80

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,271 1,197 684 628 587 569

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)
Change from:
Jan.2011 - Feb.2011(p)

Total nonfarm

127,746 131,050 128,183 128,999 129,246 130,260 130,323 130,515 192

Total private

104,981 108,464 106,076 106,503 106,772 108,008 108,076 108,298 222

Goods-producing

17,087 17,714 17,299 17,326 17,667 17,797 17,832 17,902 70

Mining and logging

659 733 724 727 672 734 738 742 4

Logging

48.1 46.9 46.8 47.5 49.0 47.2 48.0 48.4 0.4

Mining

610.7 686.1 676.7 679.4 623.1 686.7 689.6 693.3 3.7

Oil and gas extraction

155.3 161.4 162.4 163.0 156.2 161.6 163.1 164.0 0.9

Mining, except oil and gas(1)

189.8 201.7 195.1 195.8 199.8 205.6 204.8 205.7 0.9

Coal mining

78.6 83.8 83.2 83.1 78.6 83.2 83.1 83.2 0.1

Support activities for mining

265.6 323.0 319.2 320.6 267.1 319.5 321.7 323.6 1.9

Construction

5,088 5,387 5,065 5,070 5,533 5,498 5,476 5,509 33

Construction of buildings

1,162.7 1,215.1 1,156.6 1,144.9 1,234.9 1,222.1 1,218.2 1,218.4 0.2

Residential building

545.8 558.6 527.8 526.0 584.3 563.0 562.1 564.3 2.2

Nonresidential building

616.9 656.5 628.8 618.9 650.6 659.1 656.1 654.1 -2.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction

699.1 792.6 721.8 724.4 808.6 834.2 830.7 835.2 4.5

Specialty trade contractors

3,226.5 3,379.1 3,187.0 3,201.0 3,489.2 3,441.2 3,427.2 3,454.9 27.7

Residential specialty trade contractors

1,382.8 1,410.1 1,337.7 1,342.0 1,505.4 1,441.9 1,448.6 1,459.6 11.0

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

1,843.7 1,969.0 1,849.3 1,859.0 1,983.8 1,999.3 1,978.6 1,995.3 16.7

Manufacturing

11,340 11,594 11,510 11,529 11,462 11,565 11,618 11,651 33

Durable goods

6,932 7,146 7,132 7,154 6,994 7,126 7,187 7,217 30

Wood products

330.8 335.7 332.3 333.7 342.5 337.4 341.2 344.3 3.1

Nonmetallic mineral products

353.9 362.7 351.9 352.7 373.4 367.5 370.0 371.9 1.9

Primary metals

349.4 368.8 368.7 371.1 350.7 368.2 369.8 373.3 3.5

Fabricated metal products

1,245.7 1,316.1 1,318.1 1,318.9 1,255.0 1,312.5 1,323.6 1,330.4 6.8

Machinery

973.8 1,013.6 1,016.1 1,024.4 976.9 1,010.2 1,019.6 1,028.8 9.2

Computer and electronic products(1)

1,090.9 1,114.2 1,114.9 1,115.3 1,093.5 1,111.1 1,116.1 1,117.4 1.3

Computer and peripheral equipment

158.7 166.4 167.4 169.9 159.1 166.1 167.9 170.3 2.4

Communication equipment

116.8 119.5 119.6 117.8 116.0 119.0 119.2 117.3 -1.9

Semiconductors and electronic components

364.1 376.6 377.6 378.3 365.3 375.5 377.8 379.2 1.4

Electronic instruments

406.3 406.8 405.7 404.3 407.6 406.2 406.6 405.7 -0.9

Electrical equipment and appliances

353.8 368.5 368.3 367.8 355.0 367.7 368.8 369.0 0.2

Transportation equipment(1)

1,313.3 1,340.5 1,343.7 1,350.3 1,317.9 1,329.8 1,351.7 1,355.1 3.4

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

660.8 683.5 687.0 693.3 662.2 674.2 694.2 695.2 1.0

Furniture and related products

356.1 349.4 346.6 346.4 360.9 350.3 352.3 351.7 -0.6

Miscellaneous manufacturing

564.3 576.5 571.4 573.5 567.7 571.2 574.0 575.0 1.0

Nondurable goods

4,408 4,448 4,378 4,375 4,468 4,439 4,431 4,434 3

Food manufacturing

1,413.8 1,453.7 1,421.2 1,416.1 1,447.8 1,444.9 1,444.6 1,448.3 3.7

Beverages and tobacco products

176.9 180.0 174.8 175.2 183.0 182.4 179.8 181.5 1.7

Textile mills

119.0 119.5 118.7 119.6 119.9 119.8 119.8 120.4 0.6

Textile product mills

118.1 116.8 114.7 114.3 119.7 116.3 115.5 115.7 0.2

Apparel

160.5 156.6 155.0 156.8 161.0 157.6 158.1 156.9 -1.2

Leather and allied products

27.3 28.5 27.8 28.9 27.7 28.5 28.2 29.0 0.8

Paper and paper products

395.6 397.6 395.9 395.2 397.4 396.8 396.3 396.7 0.4

Printing and related support activities

490.4 479.2 469.2 467.9 493.6 476.2 473.6 471.3 -2.3

Petroleum and coal products

108.5 110.8 105.1 106.7 113.4 113.0 111.3 112.1 0.8

Chemicals

787.3 780.5 771.0 772.3 788.8 777.5 773.4 774.0 0.6

Plastics and rubber products

610.3 624.3 624.4 622.2 615.9 626.1 630.4 628.3 -2.1

Private service-providing

87,894 90,750 88,777 89,177 89,105 90,211 90,244 90,396 152

Trade, transportation, and utilities

24,147 25,322 24,543 24,391 24,525 24,746 24,740 24,767 27

Wholesale trade

5,390.8 5,495.5 5,438.7 5,448.4 5,443.1 5,479.5 5,489.0 5,500.7 11.7

Durable goods

2,693.2 2,742.1 2,723.6 2,732.3 2,712.1 2,736.0 2,742.7 2,752.4 9.7

Nondurable goods

1,902.2 1,941.3 1,912.1 1,913.7 1,930.5 1,935.5 1,938.8 1,940.3 1.5

Electronic markets and agents and brokers

795.4 812.1 803.0 802.4 800.5 808.0 807.5 808.0 0.5

Retail trade

14,117.4 14,939.3 14,378.4 14,203.8 14,383.5 14,447.2 14,477.8 14,469.7 -8.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers(1)

1,586.3 1,638.2 1,622.4 1,631.9 1,611.7 1,648.1 1,652.1 1,656.8 4.7

Automobile dealers

991.1 1,019.3 1,011.6 1,017.2 1,000.8 1,021.4 1,024.1 1,026.4 2.3

Furniture and home furnishings stores

432.2 456.9 439.8 428.2 437.5 435.8 435.3 434.2 -1.1

Electronics and appliance stores

489.9 529.0 504.6 492.9 491.0 503.2 500.2 495.5 -4.7

Building material and garden supply stores

1,092.2 1,082.5 1,061.0 1,066.4 1,137.5 1,112.0 1,114.0 1,108.4 -5.6

Food and beverage stores

2,779.3 2,840.7 2,802.4 2,785.3 2,807.7 2,814.1 2,816.4 2,814.0 -2.4

Health and personal care stores

976.9 988.4 970.8 971.4 981.4 970.9 972.2 975.3 3.1

Gasoline stations

802.7 811.3 803.5 800.2 815.1 816.1 814.6 812.6 -2.0

Clothing and clothing accessories stores

1,308.1 1,533.8 1,413.0 1,365.2 1,357.2 1,405.4 1,414.0 1,417.4 3.4

Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores

595.7 657.9 617.7 594.3 604.5 601.5 601.6 601.6 0.0

General merchandise stores(1)

2,891.5 3,181.8 2,982.8 2,918.6 2,960.4 2,972.8 2,985.6 2,986.7 1.1

Department stores

1,444.3 1,651.2 1,513.9 1,450.4 1,482.7 1,484.2 1,493.4 1,488.9 -4.5

Miscellaneous store retailers

755.7 774.3 743.9 742.5 765.5 753.9 756.2 752.1 -4.1

Nonstore retailers

406.9 444.5 416.5 406.9 414.0 413.4 415.6 415.1 -0.5

Transportation and warehousing

4,085.5 4,338.1 4,178.5 4,190.0 4,143.2 4,268.4 4,224.0 4,246.0 22.0

Air transportation

461.5 467.0 467.6 468.5 464.3 467.7 468.9 469.5 0.6

Rail transportation

209.5 218.8 217.2 217.7 210.8 218.5 218.9 218.9 0.0

Water transportation

58.1 64.4 63.0 63.1 61.7 64.7 65.3 66.4 1.1

Truck transportation

1,199.9 1,254.7 1,227.4 1,231.6 1,235.0 1,255.9 1,255.0 1,266.2 11.2

Transit and ground passenger transportation

429.6 461.3 453.5 455.9 419.7 445.2 444.3 446.3 2.0

Pipeline transportation

43.5 42.3 42.6 42.5 43.5 42.3 42.4 42.4 0.0

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

20.2 22.1 19.4 20.5 27.2 26.7 27.0 27.4 0.4

Support activities for transportation

531.2 544.3 541.1 547.5 534.4 542.0 546.1 550.4 4.3

Couriers and messengers

515.2 623.7 523.7 517.4 521.4 573.6 526.9 525.5 -1.4

Warehousing and storage

616.8 639.5 623.0 625.3 625.2 631.8 629.2 633.0 3.8

Utilities

552.9 549.5 547.3 548.4 554.9 551.2 549.1 550.1 1.0

Information

2,724 2,706 2,660 2,677 2,731 2,694 2,685 2,685 0

Publishing industries, except Internet

761.7 759.9 753.5 755.5 763.7 756.9 756.3 757.8 1.5

Motion picture and sound recording industries

366.3 372.8 351.8 364.6 370.7 372.6 370.9 369.9 -1.0

Broadcasting, except Internet

293.2 297.0 295.3 295.7 294.5 295.7 296.0 296.7 0.7

Telecommunications

921.3 888.4 876.3 877.6 918.6 881.8 877.1 874.9 -2.2

Data processing, hosting and related services

243.6 242.4 236.3 236.0 245.1 241.0 238.2 237.5 -0.7

Other information services

137.5 145.8 146.7 148.0 138.0 145.7 146.8 148.1 1.3

Financial activities

7,615 7,625 7,559 7,568 7,657 7,617 7,605 7,608 3

Finance and insurance

5,700.9 5,692.2 5,665.1 5,668.9 5,705.6 5,681.5 5,677.1 5,672.3 -4.8

Monetary authorities - central bank

20.6 21.2 21.0 20.8 20.7 21.2 21.0 21.0 0.0

Credit intermediation and related
activities(1)

2,547.4 2,553.7 2,542.8 2,544.7 2,546.3 2,549.0 2,544.9 2,542.9 -2.0

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,728.8 1,744.8 1,744.9 1,744.1 1,730.4 1,741.9 1,743.6 1,744.1 0.5

Commercial banking

1,304.9 1,317.4 1,316.9 1,316.0 1,304.8 1,316.4 1,316.1 1,315.8 -0.3

Securities, commodity contracts, investments

796.5 804.3 803.1 804.7 797.7 803.1 804.9 805.6 0.7

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,249.6 2,226.7 2,211.2 2,211.5 2,254.1 2,221.7 2,219.0 2,215.4 -3.6

Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles

86.8 86.3 87.0 87.2 86.8 86.5 87.3 87.4 0.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

1,914.3 1,932.9 1,893.4 1,899.2 1,951.7 1,935.3 1,928.2 1,935.4 7.2

Real estate

1,385.5 1,396.5 1,368.3 1,374.3 1,406.7 1,395.0 1,390.1 1,394.8 4.7

Rental and leasing services

503.5 511.0 499.7 499.6 519.4 515.0 512.5 515.2 2.7

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

25.3 25.4 25.4 25.3 25.6 25.3 25.6 25.4 -0.2

Professional and business services

16,286 17,034 16,598 16,729 16,544 16,902 16,937 16,984 47

Professional and technical services(1)

7,499.3 7,523.1 7,510.2 7,573.5 7,413.5 7,469.4 7,476.2 7,486.2 10.0

Legal services

1,105.9 1,118.3 1,106.7 1,104.6 1,112.6 1,113.7 1,114.2 1,111.3 -2.9

Accounting and bookkeeping services

1,041.8 894.7 976.5 1,019.5 897.3 881.8 876.4 874.1 -2.3

Architectural and engineering services

1,260.8 1,281.4 1,261.1 1,261.6 1,280.8 1,278.5 1,279.0 1,282.1 3.1

Computer systems design and related services

1,424.9 1,471.7 1,466.7 1,473.6 1,427.6 1,464.9 1,471.9 1,476.1 4.2

Management and technical consulting services

979.4 1,020.6 1,001.2 1,011.3 988.7 1,008.1 1,013.5 1,020.1 6.6

Management of companies and enterprises

1,843.3 1,877.3 1,864.4 1,866.2 1,851.7 1,873.3 1,873.2 1,874.1 0.9

Administrative and waste services

6,943.6 7,633.4 7,223.4 7,289.6 7,278.4 7,559.6 7,587.4 7,623.8 36.4

Administrative and support services(1)

6,602.1 7,275.2 6,870.8 6,937.6 6,928.4 7,199.8 7,227.6 7,262.7 35.1

Employment services(1)

2,463.5 2,974.6 2,694.7 2,749.9 2,609.4 2,843.6 2,863.4 2,892.0 28.6

Temporary help services

1,857.8 2,314.3 2,067.7 2,102.8 1,976.2 2,207.2 2,202.3 2,217.8 15.5

Business support services

809.7 824.1 804.7 810.9 806.7 805.2 805.5 808.7 3.2

Services to buildings and dwellings

1,574.0 1,689.0 1,605.6 1,604.3 1,737.5 1,765.0 1,771.4 1,769.9 -1.5

Waste management and remediation services

341.5 358.2 352.6 352.0 350.0 359.8 359.8 361.1 1.3

Education and health services

19,498 19,921 19,667 19,919 19,399 19,760 19,784 19,824 40

Educational services

3,253.9 3,291.9 3,116.0 3,330.6 3,118.9 3,179.5 3,191.1 3,195.1 4.0

Health care and social assistance

16,243.9 16,629.5 16,551.1 16,588.3 16,280.5 16,580.6 16,592.4 16,628.6 36.2

Health care(3)

13,643.8 13,951.4 13,891.6 13,921.3 13,687.7 13,922.4 13,931.1 13,965.4 34.3

Ambulatory health care services(1)

5,891.5 6,065.8 6,033.3 6,054.0 5,910.2 6,051.3 6,056.9 6,073.8 16.9

Offices of physicians

2,303.6 2,343.1 2,328.0 2,327.7 2,307.5 2,330.0 2,331.3 2,332.8 1.5

Outpatient care centers

587.2 613.1 611.3 614.4 588.3 611.4 613.1 615.7 2.6

Home health care services

1,053.9 1,103.4 1,098.6 1,106.8 1,062.2 1,102.3 1,105.5 1,113.0 7.5

Hospitals

4,665.7 4,715.1 4,705.2 4,701.7 4,675.1 4,708.0 4,708.9 4,711.0 2.1

Nursing and residential care facilities(1)

3,086.6 3,170.5 3,153.1 3,165.6 3,102.4 3,163.1 3,165.3 3,180.6 15.3

Nursing care facilities

1,640.6 1,680.2 1,670.7 1,668.3 1,649.5 1,674.8 1,676.0 1,677.4 1.4

Social assistance(1)

2,600.1 2,678.1 2,659.5 2,667.0 2,592.8 2,658.2 2,661.3 2,663.2 1.9

Child day care services

861.3 870.2 867.5 869.7 847.6 856.6 859.2 856.5 -2.7

Leisure and hospitality

12,359 12,749 12,406 12,508 12,932 13,074 13,071 13,092 21

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,695.2 1,735.7 1,655.9 1,687.9 1,894.1 1,896.4 1,886.7 1,892.2 5.5

Performing arts and spectator sports

365.8 393.5 356.0 373.4 396.1 410.5 402.3 407.3 5.0

Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks

114.9 119.8 115.3 116.1 127.3 127.2 127.4 128.0 0.6

Amusements, gambling, and recreation

1,214.5 1,222.4 1,184.6 1,198.4 1,370.7 1,358.7 1,357.0 1,356.9 -0.1

Accommodation and food services

10,663.4 11,012.9 10,749.9 10,820.4 11,038.0 11,177.4 11,183.8 11,199.3 15.5

Accommodation

1,660.1 1,701.9 1,677.0 1,690.9 1,738.0 1,763.3 1,768.0 1,770.9 2.9

Food services and drinking places

9,003.3 9,311.0 9,072.9 9,129.5 9,300.0 9,414.1 9,415.8 9,428.4 12.6

Other services

5,265 5,393 5,344 5,385 5,317 5,418 5,422 5,436 14

Repair and maintenance

1,114.3 1,134.4 1,130.6 1,140.3 1,125.9 1,142.3 1,148.8 1,150.7 1.9

Personal and laundry services

1,250.5 1,268.4 1,248.3 1,256.8 1,265.6 1,271.6 1,267.9 1,271.8 3.9

Membership associations and organizations

2,900.5 2,990.6 2,965.0 2,988.3 2,925.3 3,004.1 3,005.0 3,013.4 8.4

Government

22,765 22,586 22,107 22,496 22,474 22,252 22,247 22,217 -30

Federal

2,848.0 2,846.0 2,834.0 2,826.0 2,872.0 2,853.0 2,856.0 2,856.0 0.0

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,184.9 2,200.0 2,189.0 2,196.2 2,205.1 2,210.0 2,212.9 2,220.4 7.5

U.S. Postal Service

662.6 646.2 645.3 630.2 666.8 643.4 642.9 635.6 -7.3

State government

5,261.0 5,250.0 5,047.0 5,242.0 5,143.0 5,140.0 5,139.0 5,127.0 -12.0

State government education

2,491.7 2,513.6 2,318.9 2,518.6 2,362.7 2,392.6 2,397.2 2,392.2 -5.0

State government, excluding education

2,768.8 2,736.1 2,727.8 2,723.0 2,780.2 2,747.3 2,741.3 2,735.0 -6.3

Local government

14,656.0 14,490.0 14,226.0 14,428.0 14,459.0 14,259.0 14,252.0 14,234.0 -18.0

Local government education

8,370.2 8,266.1 8,047.6 8,248.2 8,058.5 7,951.8 7,950.9 7,939.2 -11.7

Local government, excluding education

6,285.7 6,223.5 6,178.8 6,179.5 6,400.0 6,307.3 6,301.4 6,295.1 -6.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.0 34.2 34.2 34.2

Goods-producing

39.0 39.7 39.6 39.8

Mining and logging

43.0 43.5 43.9 43.4

Construction

36.9 38.0 37.3 38.0

Manufacturing

39.7 40.3 40.4 40.5

Durable goods

40.0 40.6 40.6 40.8

Nondurable goods

39.4 39.9 39.9 40.0

Private service-providing

33.0 33.1 33.1 33.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.1 34.5 34.4 34.5

Wholesale trade

37.8 38.3 38.4 38.4

Retail trade

31.4 31.5 31.3 31.4

Transportation and warehousing

37.9 38.7 38.8 38.9

Utilities

40.6 41.3 41.7 41.4

Information

36.4 36.4 36.5 36.5

Financial activities

36.8 37.0 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services

35.2 35.6 35.6 35.6

Education and health services

32.8 32.7 32.7 32.6

Leisure and hospitality

25.7 25.8 25.8 25.9

Other services

31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

2.8 3.2 3.1 3.3

Durable goods

2.6 3.1 3.0 3.2

Nondurable goods

3.0 3.3 3.2 3.4

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)

Total private

$22.48 $22.77 $22.86 $22.87 $764.32 $778.73 $781.81 $782.15

Goods-producing

23.97 24.20 24.40 24.27 934.83 960.74 966.24 965.95

Mining and logging

27.08 27.59 27.96 27.86 1,164.44 1,200.17 1,227.44 1,209.12

Construction

25.19 25.33 25.43 25.39 929.51 962.54 948.54 964.82

Manufacturing

23.22 23.46 23.70 23.52 921.83 945.44 957.48 952.56

Durable goods

24.75 24.98 25.23 24.99 990.00 1,014.19 1,024.34 1,019.59

Nondurable goods

20.79 20.99 21.17 21.09 819.13 837.50 844.68 843.60

Private service-providing

22.13 22.44 22.50 22.54 730.29 742.76 744.75 746.07

Trade, transportation, and utilities

19.56 19.76 19.84 19.87 667.00 681.72 682.50 685.52

Wholesale trade

26.10 26.17 26.27 26.29 986.58 1,002.31 1,008.77 1,009.54

Retail trade

15.51 15.63 15.67 15.69 487.01 492.35 490.47 492.67

Transportation and warehousing

20.85 21.21 21.25 21.33 790.22 820.83 824.50 829.74

Utilities

32.12 32.78 33.19 33.10 1,304.07 1,353.81 1,384.02 1,370.34

Information

30.14 31.06 31.14 31.33 1,097.10 1,130.58 1,136.61 1,143.55

Financial activities

27.01 27.45 27.54 27.57 993.97 1,015.65 1,018.98 1,020.09

Professional and business services

27.20 27.34 27.37 27.46 957.44 973.30 974.37 977.58

Education and health services

22.72 23.29 23.35 23.41 745.22 761.58 763.55 763.17

Leisure and hospitality

13.09 13.12 13.19 13.16 336.41 338.50 340.30 340.84

Other services

20.09 20.46 20.47 20.53 632.84 646.54 646.85 648.75

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)
Percent change from:
Jan.
2011 - Feb.
2011(p)
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)
Percent change from:
Jan.
2011 - Feb.
2011(p)

Total private

91.0 92.6 92.6 92.8 0.2 97.5 100.5 101.0 101.2 0.2

Goods-producing

78.5 80.5 80.5 81.2 0.9 85.0 88.0 88.7 89.0 0.3

Mining and logging

90.8 100.3 101.8 101.2 -0.6 98.7 111.1 114.3 113.2 -1.0

Construction

70.4 72.0 70.4 72.1 2.4 77.0 79.2 77.8 79.6 2.3

Manufacturing

81.9 83.8 84.4 84.9 0.6 88.4 91.5 93.1 92.8 -0.3

Durable goods

78.8 81.5 82.2 82.9 0.9 86.6 90.4 92.1 92.0 -0.1

Nondurable goods

87.9 88.4 88.2 88.5 0.3 92.7 94.2 94.8 94.7 -0.1

Private service-providing

94.4 95.9 95.9 96.1 0.2 101.3 104.3 104.6 104.9 0.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

90.9 92.8 92.5 92.9 0.4 95.7 98.7 98.8 99.3 0.5

Wholesale trade

89.8 91.6 92.0 92.2 0.2 97.8 100.0 100.8 101.1 0.3

Retail trade

91.7 92.4 92.0 92.3 0.3 94.0 95.5 95.3 95.7 0.4

Transportation and warehousing

89.9 94.5 93.8 94.5 0.7 95.1 101.8 101.1 102.3 1.2

Utilities

97.5 98.5 99.0 98.5 -0.5 103.4 106.7 108.6 107.7 -0.8

Information

90.8 89.6 89.5 89.5 0.0 97.4 99.0 99.2 99.8 0.6

Financial activities

92.8 92.9 92.7 92.8 0.1 97.9 99.5 99.7 99.8 0.1

Professional and business services

91.6 94.6 94.8 95.1 0.3 100.9 104.8 105.2 105.8 0.6

Education and health services

103.6 105.2 105.3 105.2 -0.1 110.2 114.7 115.2 115.4 0.2

Leisure and hospitality

94.8 96.2 96.2 96.7 0.5 100.1 101.9 102.4 102.7 0.3

Other services

92.8 94.9 94.9 95.2 0.3 105.8 110.1 110.3 110.9 0.5

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)

Total nonfarm

64,577 64,657 64,671 64,726 50.0 49.6 49.6 49.6

Total private

51,757 52,016 52,034 52,098 48.5 48.2 48.1 48.1

Goods-producing

4,109 4,063 4,064 4,065 23.3 22.8 22.8 22.7

Mining and logging

95 99 102 103 14.1 13.5 13.8 13.9

Construction

741 714 712 714 13.4 13.0 13.0 13.0

Manufacturing

3,273 3,250 3,250 3,248 28.6 28.1 28.0 27.9

Durable goods

1,729 1,719 1,723 1,725 24.7 24.1 24.0 23.9

Nondurable goods

1,544 1,531 1,527 1,523 34.6 34.5 34.5 34.3

Private service-providing

47,648 47,953 47,970 48,033 53.5 53.2 53.2 53.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

10,029 9,979 10,003 10,019 40.9 40.3 40.4 40.5

Wholesale trade

1,646.3 1,644.2 1,648.3 1,651.7 30.2 30.0 30.0 30.0

Retail trade

7,248.5 7,183.9 7,213.4 7,222.1 50.4 49.7 49.8 49.9

Transportation and warehousing

993.0 1,015.2 1,006.4 1,011.1 24.0 23.8 23.8 23.8

Utilities

141.1 135.4 134.7 134.2 25.4 24.6 24.5 24.4

Information

1,118 1,094 1,092 1,088 40.9 40.6 40.7 40.5

Financial activities

4,524 4,458 4,451 4,438 59.1 58.5 58.5 58.3

Professional and business services

7,406 7,518 7,504 7,537 44.8 44.5 44.3 44.4

Education and health services

14,977 15,215 15,224 15,247 77.2 77.0 77.0 76.9

Leisure and hospitality

6,778 6,821 6,828 6,832 52.4 52.2 52.2 52.2

Other services

2,816 2,868 2,868 2,872 53.0 52.9 52.9 52.8

Government

12,820 12,641 12,637 12,628 57.0 56.8 56.8 56.8

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)

Total private

87,975 88,974 89,031 89,202

Goods-producing

12,712 12,808 12,841 12,900

Mining and logging

494 553 555 557

Construction

4,179 4,162 4,156 4,182

Manufacturing

8,039 8,093 8,130 8,161

Durable goods

4,778 4,865 4,907 4,936

Nondurable goods

3,261 3,228 3,223 3,225

Private service-providing

75,263 76,166 76,190 76,302

Trade, transportation, and utilities

20,795 20,915 20,922 20,934

Wholesale trade

4,385.3 4,383.6 4,392.5 4,403.3

Retail trade

12,361.5 12,434.9 12,456.2 12,450.6

Transportation and warehousing

3,601.3 3,657.4 3,636.3 3,642.6

Utilities

446.9 439.2 436.9 437.9

Information

2,183 2,166 2,160 2,161

Financial activities

5,926 5,845 5,832 5,826

Professional and business services

13,529 13,861 13,898 13,941

Education and health services

17,001 17,328 17,345 17,365

Leisure and hospitality

11,395 11,514 11,490 11,519

Other services

4,434 4,537 4,543 4,556

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

33.2 33.5 33.4 33.5

Goods-producing

39.4 40.5 40.2 40.5

Mining and logging

43.5 44.9 46.0 45.3

Construction

37.1 38.6 37.6 38.5

Manufacturing

40.4 41.3 41.1 41.2

Durable goods

40.5 41.6 41.4 41.6

Nondurable goods

40.2 40.7 40.5 40.7

Private service-providing

32.1 32.3 32.3 32.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

33.0 33.6 33.5 33.6

Wholesale trade

37.7 38.2 38.3 38.4

Retail trade

30.0 30.5 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing

36.3 37.7 37.4 37.9

Utilities

41.6 42.2 42.4 42.1

Information

36.4 36.1 36.2 36.1

Financial activities

36.0 36.3 36.4 36.3

Professional and business services

34.9 35.3 35.1 35.2

Education and health services

32.2 32.1 32.1 32.2

Leisure and hospitality

24.8 24.7 24.6 24.7

Other services

30.6 30.7 30.7 30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.5 4.0 4.0 4.2

Durable goods

3.4 4.1 4.1 4.3

Nondurable goods

3.6 3.9 3.9 4.0

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)

Total private

$18.93 $19.23 $19.33 $19.33 $628.48 $644.21 $645.62 $647.56

Goods-producing

20.14 20.49 20.56 20.60 793.52 829.85 826.51 834.30

Mining and logging

23.67 24.02 24.09 24.19 1,029.65 1,078.50 1,108.14 1,095.81

Construction

23.12 23.44 23.50 23.52 857.75 904.78 883.60 905.52

Manufacturing

18.48 18.80 18.92 18.94 746.59 776.44 777.61 780.33

Durable goods

19.71 20.03 20.15 20.16 798.26 833.25 834.21 838.66

Nondurable goods

16.66 16.91 17.00 17.03 669.73 688.24 688.50 693.12

Private service-providing

18.68 18.97 19.07 19.06 599.63 612.73 615.96 615.64

Trade, transportation, and utilities

16.73 16.97 17.06 17.09 552.09 570.19 571.51 574.22

Wholesale trade

21.37 21.79 21.91 21.91 805.65 832.38 839.15 841.34

Retail trade

13.18 13.36 13.37 13.37 395.40 407.48 405.11 405.11

Transportation and warehousing

19.09 19.28 19.52 19.60 692.97 726.86 730.05 742.84

Utilities

29.86 30.13 30.16 30.18 1,242.18 1,271.49 1,278.78 1,270.58

Information

25.63 26.09 26.20 25.99 932.93 941.85 948.44 938.24

Financial activities

21.31 21.63 21.72 21.60 767.16 785.17 790.61 784.08

Professional and business services

22.69 22.84 23.03 23.05 791.88 806.25 808.35 811.36

Education and health services

19.85 20.42 20.49 20.49 639.17 655.48 657.73 659.78

Leisure and hospitality

11.31 11.31 11.33 11.34 280.49 279.36 278.72 280.10

Other services

16.95 17.24 17.27 17.27 518.67 529.27 530.19 530.19

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)
Percent change from:
Jan.
2011 - Feb.
2011(p)
Feb.
2010
Dec.
2010
Jan.
2011(p)
Feb.
2011(p)
Percent change from:
Jan.
2011 - Feb.
2011(p)

Total private

97.6 99.6 99.4 99.8 0.4 123.4 128.0 128.3 129.0 0.5

Goods-producing

76.5 79.3 78.9 79.8 1.1 94.4 99.5 99.3 100.7 1.4

Mining and logging

114.2 131.9 135.7 134.1 -1.2 157.2 184.3 190.1 188.6 -0.8

Construction

77.6 80.4 78.2 80.6 3.1 96.9 101.8 99.3 102.4 3.1

Manufacturing

74.5 76.7 76.7 77.2 0.7 90.1 94.3 94.9 95.6 0.7

Durable goods

72.7 76.0 76.3 77.1 1.0 89.5 95.1 96.0 97.1 1.1

Nondurable goods

77.2 77.4 76.9 77.3 0.5 90.9 92.5 92.4 93.1 0.8

Private service-providing

103.3 105.2 105.2 105.4 0.2 132.3 136.8 137.6 137.7 0.1

Trade, transportation, and utilities

95.7 98.0 97.7 98.1 0.4 114.2 118.6 118.9 119.5 0.5

Wholesale trade

97.4 98.6 99.1 99.6 0.5 122.6 126.6 127.9 128.5 0.5

Retail trade

93.9 96.0 95.5 95.5 0.0 106.0 109.9 109.5 109.4 -0.1

Transportation and warehousing

98.4 103.8 102.4 103.9 1.5 119.2 126.9 126.8 129.2 1.9

Utilities

95.1 94.8 94.8 94.3 -0.5 118.5 119.2 119.3 118.8 -0.4

Information

90.7 89.3 89.3 89.1 -0.2 115.1 115.3 115.8 114.6 -1.0

Financial activities

102.1 101.5 101.6 101.2 -0.4 134.5 135.8 136.4 135.2 -0.9

Professional and business services

105.8 109.7 109.3 110.0 0.6 142.9 149.0 149.8 150.8 0.7

Education and health services

118.1 120.0 120.1 120.6 0.4 154.1 161.1 161.8 162.5 0.4

Leisure and hospitality

103.6 104.2 103.6 104.3 0.7 133.0 133.9 133.3 134.3 0.8

Other services

95.2 97.7 97.8 98.1 0.3 117.5 122.7 123.1 123.5 0.3

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary


Last Modified Date: March 04, 2011