Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until USDL-09-1303
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 30, 2009
Technical information:
(202) 691-6199 NCSinfo@bls.gov http://www.bls.gov/ect
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 PressOffice@bls.gov
***
(NOTE: Employment Cost Index data from June 2009 through September 2010 have been found to contain errors
in several data series and will be corrected in the public database available on the BLS website. This
news release will not be corrected. The primary errors are in wage and salary data for State and local
government public administration. Additional series are subject to correction as well. For further
information see: www.bls.gov/bls/eci_corrections_111910.htm.)
***
EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX - SEPTEMBER 2009
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 0.4 percent, seasonally adjusted, for the 3-month period ending
September 2009, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Both components of compensation--wages and salaries
(which make up about 70 percent of compensation) and benefits (which make up the remaining 30 percent of compensation)--
increased the same amount, 0.4 percent.
Civilian Worker Data
Compensation costs for civilian workers increased 1.5 percent for the 12-month period ending September 2009. This
was smaller than the 2.9 percent increase for the 12-month period ending in September 2008. Wages and salaries increased
1.5 percent for the current 12-month period, slowing from a 3.1 percent increase for the 12-month period ending in
September 2008. Benefit costs rose 1.6 percent, down from a 2.6 percent increase for the 12-month period ending September
2008.
Private Industry Worker Data
Compensation costs, wages and salaries, and benefit costs decelerated for private industry workers for the 12-month
period ending September 2009, registering the smallest increases since each series began, but the differences were not
statistically different from last quarter. Compensation costs increased 1.2 percent, the smallest percent change published
since the series began in 1980. The wage and salary series, which began in 1975, increased 1.4 percent for the current
12-month period. The cost of benefits, which have been measured since 1980, increased 1.1 percent for the 12-month
period ending September 2009. Employer costs for health benefits increased 4.7 percent for the 12-month period ending
September 2009. In September 2008, the 12-month percent change was 3.9 percent.
Among occupational groups, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the 12-month period ending
September 2009 ranged from 0.8 percent for sales and office workers to 2.1 percent for service occupations.
Among industries, compensation cost increases for private industry workers for the current 12-month period ranged
from 0.7 percent for information to 2.1 percent for education and health services.
The Employment Cost Index for December 2009 is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 29, 2010, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Beginning with this release, estimates for selected metropolitan areas, previously published only online, are now
incorporated into table 13 of this release.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request--Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
For detailed information on the Employment Cost Index, see Chapter 8. National Compensation Measures of the BLS
Handbook of Methods at: www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.
BLS news releases, including the ECI, are available through an e-mail subscription service at: www.bls.gov/bls/list.htm.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table A. Major series of the Employment Cost Index
(Percent change)
Category 3-month, seasonally adjusted 12-month, not seasonally adjusted
June 2009 Sep. 2009 Sep. 2008 Dec. 2008 Mar. 2009 June 2009 Sep. 2009
CIVILIAN WORKERS(1)
Compensation(2) 0.4 0.4 2.9 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.5
Wages and salaries 0.4 0.4 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.8 1.5
Benefits 0.3 0.4 2.6 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6
PRIVATE INDUSTRY
Compensation(2) 0.2 0.5 2.8 2.4 1.9 1.5 1.2
Wages and salaries 0.2 0.5 2.9 2.6 2.0 1.6 1.4
Benefits 0.2 0.3 2.4 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.1
STATE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
Compensation(2) 1.0 0.0 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.2 2.4
Wages and salaries 1.0 -0.1 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.0 2.1
Benefits 1.0 0.3 3.3 2.9 3.4 3.6 3.2
(1) Includes private industry and state and local government.
(2) Includes wages and salaries and benefits.
TECHNICAL NOTE
The Employment Cost Index (ECI) is a measure of the change in the cost of labor, free from the influence of employment
shifts among occupations and industries. The compensation series includes changes in wages and salaries and employer costs
for employee benefits. The wage and salary series and the benefit cost series provide the changes for the two components of
compensation.
Wages and salaries are defined as the hourly straight-time wage rate or, for workers not paid on an hourly basis,
straight-time earnings divided by the corresponding hours. Straight-time wage and salary rates are total earnings before
payroll deductions, excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends and holidays, shift differentials, and
nonproduction bonuses. Production bonuses, incentive earnings, commission payments, and cost-of-living adjustments are
included in straight-time wage and salary rates.
Benefits covered by the ECI are: Paid leave--vacations, holidays, sick leave, and personal leave; supplemental pay--
premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays), shift
differentials, and nonproduction bonuses (such as year-end, referral, and attendance bonuses); insurance benefits--life,
health, short-term disability, and long-term disability; retirement and savings benefits--defined benefit and defined
contribution plans; and legally required benefits--Social Security, Medicare, federal and state unemployment insurance,
and workers’ compensation.
The ECI provides data for the civilian economy, which includes the total private nonfarm economy excluding private
households, and the public sector excluding the federal government. The private industry series and the state and local
government series provide data for the two sectors separately.
Sample establishments are classified by industry categories based on the 2007 North American Industry Classification
System (NAICS). All industries are classified into two sectors--goods-producing and service-providing. Within a sample
establishment, specific job categories are selected and classified into about 800 occupational classifications according
to the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Individual occupations are combined to represent one of ten
intermediate aggregations, such as professional and related occupations, or one of five higher-level aggregations, such as
management, professional, and related occupations. Both the NAICS and the SOC classification systems are defined by the
U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). For more detailed information on NAICS and SOC, including background definitions,
see the BLS Web sites: www.bls.gov/bls/naics.htm and www.bls.gov/soc/home.htm.
To be included in the ECI, employees in occupations must receive cash payments from the establishment for services
performed and the establishment must pay the employer’s portion of Medicare taxes on that individual’s wages. Major
exclusions from the survey are the self-employed, individuals who set their own pay (for example, proprietors, owners, major
stockholders, and partners in unincorporated firms), volunteers, unpaid workers, family members being paid token wages,
individuals receiving long-term disability compensation, and U.S. citizens working overseas.
Data for the September 2009 reference period were collected from a probability sample of approximately 62,700
occupational observations selected from a sample of about 13,200 establishments in private industry and approximately
11,700 occupations from a sample of about 1,900 establishments in state and local governments. The state and
local government sample, which is replaced less frequently than the private industry sample, was replaced in its entirety
in September 2007. The private industry sample is rotated over approximately 5 years, which makes the sample more
representative of the economy and reduces respondent burden. Data are collected for the pay period including the 12th day
of the survey months of March, June, September, and December. The sample is replaced on a cross-area, cross-industry basis.
Fixed employment weights are used each reference period to calculate the most aggregate series--civilian, private, and
state and local government. These fixed weights are also used to derive all of the industry and occupational series indexes.
Beginning with March 2006 estimates, 2002 fixed employment weights from the Bureau’s Occupational Employment Statistics
survey were introduced.
For the series based on bargaining status, census region and division, and for series excluding incentive paid
occupations, fixed employment data are not available. The employment weights are reallocated within these series for each
reference period based on the current ECI sample. The nursing care facilities indexes in private industry are estimated
using fixed-employment weights derived from staffing patterns estimated from the four-digit industry NAICS group 6231,
nursing care facilities, a sub-industry of the larger industry group, nursing and residential care facilities (NAICS 623).
The indexes for these series, consequently, are not strictly comparable with those for the aggregate, occupational, and
industry series. A fuller explanation of the calculation of index numbers appears in chapter 8 of the BLS Handbook of
Methods, at the web site www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf.
Beginning with the release of the March 2006 data, indexes were rebased to December 2005=100 from June 1989=100. The
percentage changes shown in the current- and constant-dollar historical tables were calculated from the rebased indexes.
Thus, changes may differ from those originally published because of rounding.
The ECI state and local government sample consists of 152 areas that represent the Nation's 361 metropolitan statistical
areas and 573 micropolitan statistical areas as defined by OMB in December 2003 and the remaining portions of the 50 states.
The private industry estimates started the conversion to December 2003 OMB areas definitions in the December 2008 reference
period with replacement of one-fifth of the sample under the new area definitions.
Seasonally adjusted data for selected ECI series began with the December 1990 ECI release. Seasonal adjustment removes
the effects of events that follow a more or less regular pattern each year. These adjustments make nonseasonal patterns
easier to identify. The seasonal adjustment factors are recalculated once per year. The March release contains data
reflecting the newly updated seasonal adjustment factors. The historical data for the last five years are then revised
based on the newly estimated factors. The seasonal factors for 2009 and revised seasonally adjusted indexes for the past
5 years are available at www.bls.gov/ect/ectsfact.htm or upon request.
Because the ECI is a sample survey, it is subject to sampling errors. Sampling errors are differences that occur between
the results computed from a sample of observations and those computed from all observations in the population. The estimates
derived from different samples selected using the same sample design may differ from one other. A measure of the variation
among these differing estimates is the standard error. It can be used to measure the precision with which an estimate from
a particular sample approximates the expected result of all possible samples. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an
estimate from the survey differs from a complete population figure by less than the standard error. The chances are about
90 out of 100 that this difference would be less than 1.6 times the standard error. The statements of comparisons appearing
in this publication are significant at a 1.6 standard error level or better, unless otherwise indicated. This means that
for differences cited, the estimated difference is greater than 1.6 times the standard error of the difference.
The ECI uses standard errors to evaluate published series. To assist users in ascertaining the reliability of series,
the standard errors for all estimates (excluding seasonally adjusted series) are available on the BLS Web site at
www.bls.gov/ect/ectvar.htm shortly after the publication of the news release.
When determining data to be used in contract negotiations, it is important to note that differences by bargaining
status may be due to factors other than union status, such as occupational and industry mix. An important consideration
when choosing a series for escalation is the sampling error. For more information, see www.bls.gov/ect/escalator.htm.
More detailed information on the ECI is available from several sources. These include a chapter, "National Compensation
Measures," (www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch8.pdf) from the BLS Handbook of Methods, and several articles published in the
Monthly Labor Review and Compensation and Working Conditions. The articles and other descriptive pieces are available at
www.bls.gov/ect/#publications, by calling (202) 691-6199, or sending e-mail to NCSinfo@bls.gov.
Historical ECI data, using industry categories based on the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) System and
classifying jobs into occupational classifications according to the Census of Population, are available dating from the
first publication of each series to December 2005 at: www.bls.gov/web/echistry.pdf. Data are also available for series
based on the 2002 and 2007 North American Industry Classification Systems (NAICS) and the 2000 Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) beginning in March 2001, using December 2005=100 as the base period at:
www.bls.gov/web/echistrynaics.pdf.
A new historical listing, providing continuous occupational and industry series using SIC-Census of Population and
NAICS-SOC classifications is available at www.bls.gov/web/ecicois.pdf. It provides the official series from the beginning
of the ECI in 1975 through the current quarter. For more information on the criteria used in defining continuous series,
see the following article published in the Monthly Labor Review at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/04/art2full.pdf.
In addition, constant-dollar ECI series derived from the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) are
available. The constant-dollar series are calculated by converting the CPI-U to the same base as the ECI. The ECI for each
reference period is then divided by the converted CPI-U for the same reference period. The CPI U U.S. City Average All Items
is used to compute all series except for the regional estimates, which use corresponding CPI regional data.
Supplemental data from the ECI, providing 12-month percent changes in employer costs for health insurance in private
industry, are also available at www.bls.gov/ect/sp/echealth.pdf.
The costs per hour worked of compensation components, based on data from the ECI, are published in a separate news
release titled "Employer Costs for Employee Compensation" (ECEC). The next ECEC release is scheduled for 10:00 AM EDT,
Wednesday, December 9, 2009. Historical ECEC data are available in summary documents. Both the release and historical data
are available at www.bls.gov/ect, by email to NCSinfo@bls.gov, or by calling (202) 691-6199. Since the ECEC is calculated
with current employment weights rather than the fixed weights used in computing the ECI, year-to-year changes in the cost
levels usually differ from those in the ECI.
Table 1. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), by ownership, occupational group, and industry
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended-
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep.
2009 2009 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
Civilian workers
All workers(2)............................. 110.3 110.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 108.1 108.4 .8 .9 .6 .5 .5 .3 .1 .3
Manufacturing.......................... 106.6 106.8 .8 .7 .5 .5 .4 .4 .2 .2
Service-providing industries(4).......... 110.8 111.2 .8 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .4 .4
Education and health services.......... 112.6 112.8 .9 .8 .8 .7 .5 .8 .7 .2
Education services................... 112.9 112.8 .9 .8 1.0 .7 .5 .9 .8 -.1
Elementary and secondary schools... 113.0 113.2 .7 .9 1.0 .7 .6 .9 .8 .2
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 112.7 111.7 1.3 .7 .8 .8 .2 .9 .9 -.9
Health care and social assistance(5) 112.3 112.7 .9 .6 .8 .5 .5 .6 .6 .4
Hospitals.......................... 112.4 112.8 .9 .7 .9 .7 .7 .6 .7 .4
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 110.9 111.3 .8 .8 .9 .7 .6 .5 .6 .4
Public administration.................. 114.1 114.3 1.1 .5 .7 .9 .4 .9 1.1 .2
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 109.5 110.0 .9 .7 .7 .6 .5 .2 .2 .5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 110.4 110.6 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .1 .1 .2
Management, business, and financial.... 109.4 109.6 .8 .8 .7 .7 .6 -.5 .0 .2
Professional and related............... 111.1 111.3 .8 .7 .7 .7 .5 .5 .2 .2
Sales and office......................... 108.1 108.8 1.0 .6 .6 .4 .2 .1 .0 .6
Sales and related...................... 104.3 105.2 1.3 .2 .5 -.1 -.3 -.8 -.4 .9
Office and administrative support...... 110.9 111.3 .8 .7 .6 .8 .5 .5 .5 .4
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 110.2 110.7 .9 .8 .5 .7 .6 .3 .2 .5
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 111.2 111.9 1.1 1.1 .6 .6 .7 .1 .1 .6
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 108.9 109.3 .7 .6 .2 .8 .7 .5 .3 .4
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 108.0 108.6 .7 .9 .5 .5 .4 .7 .3 .6
Production............................. 107.5 108.0 .8 .7 .5 .6 .4 .8 .4 .5
Transportation and material moving..... 108.8 109.4 .7 .9 .6 .4 .6 .3 .4 .6
Service occupations...................... 110.9 111.7 .7 .7 .8 .6 .4 .8 .2 .7
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 108.1 108.3 .9 .9 .5 .6 .5 .3 .1 .2
Construction........................... 111.0 111.4 1.1 1.0 .8 .5 .7 -.2 .0 .4
Manufacturing.......................... 106.6 106.8 .8 .7 .5 .5 .4 .4 .2 .2
Aircraft manufacturing............... 93.0 92.4 -.1 2.9 .6 .9 .1 1.6 .5 -.6
Service-providing industries(6).......... 110.0 110.5 .8 .7 .7 .6 .5 .2 .2 .5
Trade, transportation, and utilities... 108.0 108.5 1.0 .6 .9 .3 .1 .3 .1 .5
Wholesale trade...................... 106.9 106.7 1.2 .2 1.5 -.1 -.2 .2 -.2 -.2
Retail trade......................... 108.7 109.6 1.0 .7 .7 .5 .0 .4 .2 .8
Transportation and warehousing....... 107.7 108.1 .4 1.0 .6 .3 .6 .2 .3 .4
Utilities............................ 110.4 111.1 1.0 .4 1.0 .5 1.3 .1 .7 .6
Information............................ 107.3 107.9 .6 -.2 -.2 1.1 .5 .2 -.5 .6
Financial activities................... 107.6 108.4 .6 .6 .5 .3 .1 -.7 .8 .7
Finance and insurance................ 107.8 108.6 .9 .2 .6 .3 .0 -.9 1.0 .7
Credit intermediation and related
activities........................ 107.2 107.6 1.3 .3 .8 .5 .4 -.6 .8 .4
Insurance carriers and related
activities........................ 109.4 110.2 .1 1.1 .3 .7 .3 .5 .3 .7
Professional and business services..... 111.8 112.0 .8 1.0 .7 1.0 .9 .0 .0 .2
Professional, scientific, and
technical services.................. 113.9 114.4 .8 1.3 .8 1.1 1.2 -.2 -.2 .4
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services 110.1 109.9 .9 .8 .6 .9 .6 .4 .2 -.2
Education and health services.......... 112.0 112.5 .9 .7 .8 .6 .5 .7 .4 .4
Education services................... 112.6 112.7 1.1 .7 1.3 1.1 .4 .8 .4 .1
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 113.0 112.7 1.1 .7 1.4 1.1 .4 .9 .4 -.3
Health care and social assistance(5) 111.9 112.4 .9 .7 .6 .5 .5 .7 .4 .4
Hospitals.......................... 112.1 112.5 .8 .7 .9 .8 .8 .5 .6 .4
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 110.2 110.7 .7 .8 .7 .8 .6 .5 .3 .5
Leisure and hospitality................ 112.1 112.6 .6 .7 .5 1.1 .7 .7 -.1 .4
Accommodation and food services...... 112.8 113.4 .5 .8 .6 1.1 .7 .8 -.2 .5
Other services, except public
administration........................ 110.5 111.7 .9 .6 .6 .5 .5 .4 -.2 1.1
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 113.5 113.5 .9 .7 .8 .8 .6 .8 1.0 .0
Industry
Education and health services.......... 113.2 113.0 .9 .7 1.0 .7 .5 .8 1.0 -.2
Education services................... 112.9 112.8 .9 .8 .9 .6 .5 1.0 .8 -.1
Schools............................ 112.9 112.8 .9 .8 .9 .6 .5 1.0 .8 -.1
Elementary and secondary schools 113.0 113.3 .7 .8 1.1 .6 .6 1.0 .7 .3
Health care and social assistance(5) 115.1 115.0 1.1 .5 1.2 1.0 .9 -.1 1.6 -.1
Hospitals.......................... 113.8 113.8 .8 .8 .8 .5 .6 .9 1.3 .0
Public administration.................. 114.1 114.3 1.1 .5 .7 .9 .4 .9 1.1 .2
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government. See "Technical note" for further explanation.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;
management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and
social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except
public administration; and public administration.
5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support and waste management and
remediation services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation;
accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Table 2. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, by ownership, occupational group, and industry
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended-
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep.
2009 2009 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 110.4 110.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 109.4 109.8 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .1 .1 .4
Manufacturing.......................... 108.3 108.6 .7 .8 .7 .7 .6 .2 .2 .3
Service-providing industries(3).......... 110.7 111.0 .8 .7 .8 .6 .5 .4 .5 .3
Education and health services.......... 111.9 111.9 .8 .8 .9 .7 .5 .6 .7 .0
Education services................... 111.5 111.2 .9 .8 .9 .9 .4 .7 .7 -.3
Elementary and secondary schools... 111.3 111.4 .8 .9 1.0 .8 .5 .6 .7 .1
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 111.9 110.6 1.2 .7 .8 .7 .3 .7 .9 -1.2
Health care and social assistance(4) 112.3 112.7 .8 .9 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5 .4
Hospitals.......................... 112.7 113.1 .8 .8 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .6 .4
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 110.9 111.4 .6 .9 .7 .8 .6 .5 .5 .5
Public administration.................. 112.5 112.8 .8 .7 .6 1.0 .4 .8 1.2 .2
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 110.0 110.5 .8 .8 .7 .6 .5 .2 .2 .5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 111.1 111.3 .8 .9 .7 .7 .7 .1 .2 .2
Management, business, and financial.... 110.1 110.3 .7 .9 .7 .7 .8 -.3 .0 .2
Professional and related............... 111.8 112.0 .7 .9 .7 .7 .7 .4 .2 .1
Sales and office......................... 108.2 108.9 1.0 .5 .7 .4 .2 .0 .1 .6
Sales and related...................... 104.4 105.5 1.3 .3 .5 -.1 -.5 -.9 -.4 1.0
Office and administrative support...... 111.0 111.4 .8 .7 .7 .7 .6 .6 .4 .4
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 111.0 111.5 .9 1.0 .6 .7 .8 .1 .3 .5
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 111.6 112.3 1.2 1.3 .6 .7 .7 -.1 .1 .6
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 110.2 110.5 .7 .8 .7 .7 .9 .5 .4 .3
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 108.7 109.3 .7 .9 .7 .7 .5 .4 .4 .6
Production(5).......................... 108.4 108.9 .7 .8 .7 .8 .5 .4 .3 .5
Transportation and material moving..... 109.1 109.8 .6 1.0 .7 .6 .5 .2 .5 .6
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 109.4 109.8 .8 .8 .7 .6 .6 .1 .1 .4
Construction........................... 111.3 111.6 .9 1.1 .7 .5 .7 .0 .0 .3
Manufacturing.......................... 108.3 108.6 .7 .8 .7 .7 .6 .2 .2 .3
Aircraft manufacturing............... 110.6 111.8 .8 .9 .7 .8 .9 .8 .7 1.1
Service-providing industries(6).......... 110.2 110.7 .8 .7 .7 .6 .5 .3 .2 .5
Trade, transportation, and utilities... 108.1 108.6 1.0 .5 1.1 .2 .1 .4 .2 .5
Retail trade......................... 108.9 109.9 1.0 .6 .9 .4 .0 .5 .3 .9
Transportation and warehousing....... 107.8 108.0 .5 .9 .7 .6 .5 .4 .4 .2
Utilities............................ 111.7 112.2 .9 .9 .8 .3 .5 1.1 .5 .4
Information............................ 108.0 108.6 .4 -.2 .8 1.0 .6 .0 .2 .6
Financial activities................... 107.6 108.5 .5 .7 .3 .3 .0 -1.0 .9 .8
Finance and insurance................ 108.0 109.0 .7 .5 .3 .2 .0 -1.2 1.0 .9
Credit intermediation and related
activities........................ 106.3 106.9 1.2 .2 .5 .5 .4 -.5 .4 .6
Insurance carriers and related
activities(5)..................... 109.7 110.5 -.4 1.2 .2 .6 .3 .2 .2 .7
Professional and business services..... 112.0 112.3 .9 1.2 .8 1.0 1.0 .1 -.2 .3
Professional, scientific, and
technical services.................. 113.8 114.3 .9 1.5 .8 1.2 1.2 .0 -.4 .4
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services 110.5 110.3 1.0 .7 .6 1.1 .5 .4 .2 -.2
Education and health services.......... 112.0 112.3 .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .7 .5 .3
Education services................... 111.8 111.7 1.3 .7 1.0 1.1 .3 .6 .4 -.1
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 111.9 111.4 1.1 .7 .9 1.2 .2 .8 .4 -.5
Health care and social assistance(4) 112.0 112.5 .8 .8 .6 .5 .5 .8 .4 .4
Hospitals.......................... 112.4 112.8 .8 .9 1.0 .8 .8 .6 .5 .3
Leisure and hospitality................ 113.0 113.7 .6 .7 .4 1.3 .8 .7 -.1 .6
Accommodation and food services...... 113.4 114.2 .6 .8 .6 1.2 .8 .7 -.2 .7
Other services, except public
administration........................ 111.2 112.4 1.0 .7 .5 .5 .5 .5 -.1 1.0
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 112.1 112.0 .8 .8 .8 .9 .5 .7 1.0 -.1
Industry
Education and health services.......... 111.8 111.5 .9 .8 .9 .8 .5 .5 .9 -.3
Education services................... 111.4 111.1 .9 .8 .9 .8 .5 .6 .8 -.3
Schools............................ 111.4 111.1 .9 .8 .9 .8 .5 .6 .8 -.3
Elementary and secondary schools 111.3 111.4 .9 .8 1.0 .9 .5 .7 .7 .1
Health care and social assistance(4) 115.1 115.0 1.1 .7 1.1 1.3 .8 -.4 1.8 -.1
Hospitals.......................... 114.3 114.3 1.0 1.0 .7 .7 .7 .5 1.4 .0
Public administration.................. 112.5 112.8 .8 .7 .6 1.0 .4 .8 1.2 .2
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government. See "Technical note" for further explanation.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services;
management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and
social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other services, except
public administration; and public administration.
4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
5 Seasonally adjusted indexes and 3-month percent changes for these series are being published for the first
time with the 2009 seasonal adjustment revisions. Historical data for these series are published beginning with
March 2004.
6 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support and waste management and
remediation services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation;
accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Table 3. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by ownership, occupational group, and industry
Indexes (Dec. Percent changes for 3-months ended-
2005 = 100)
Occupational group and industry
June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep. Dec. Mar. June Sep.
2009 2009 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 110.0 110.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 108.3 108.6 1.0 .6 .4 .6 .4 .2 .2 .3
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 108.7 108.9 .9 .7 .7 .6 .4 -.3 .1 .2
Sales and office......................... 108.0 108.5 .8 .6 .4 .5 .3 .3 -.1 .5
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 108.5 109.2 .8 .6 .0 .7 .4 .6 .1 .6
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 106.8 107.2 .9 .7 .1 .3 .2 1.3 .4 .4
Service occupations...................... 109.8 110.4 .8 .6 .7 .4 .3 .6 .2 .6
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 105.6 105.6 1.0 .6 .3 .2 .4 .5 .2 .0
Manufacturing.......................... 103.6 103.4 .9 .6 -.1 .2 .2 .8 .2 -.2
Aircraft manufacturing............... 74.2 71.8 -1.5 6.4 .3 1.3 -1.4 3.0 .2 -3.3
Service-providing industries(3).......... 109.3 109.8 .8 .5 .6 .6 .4 .1 .1 .5
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 116.5 116.8 1.1 .5 .9 .6 .7 1.1 1.0 .3
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the public
sector, except the federal government. See "Technical note" for further explanation.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; utilities;
information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific, and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support and waste management and
remediation services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation;
accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration.
Table 4. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for-
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
Civilian workers
All workers(2)............................. 109.2 110.3 110.8 0.8 0.4 0.5 2.9 1.8 1.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations(3) 109.5 110.8 111.3 .9 .3 .5 3.1 2.1 1.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 110.1 111.1 111.5 1.0 .2 .4 3.2 1.9 1.3
Management, business, and financial.... 109.7 110.1 110.2 .7 .1 .1 3.3 1.1 .5
Professional and related............... 110.4 111.6 112.2 1.3 .3 .5 3.2 2.4 1.6
Sales and office......................... 108.2 108.7 109.4 .5 .3 .6 2.6 .9 1.1
Sales and related...................... 106.0 104.5 105.4 -.1 .2 .9 1.8 -1.5 -.6
Office and administrative support...... 109.5 111.3 111.8 .8 .5 .4 2.9 2.5 2.1
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 109.3 110.7 111.2 .8 .5 .5 3.0 2.1 1.7
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 110.3 111.6 112.2 .6 .5 .5 3.6 1.8 1.7
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 108.0 109.5 110.0 .9 .4 .5 2.3 2.3 1.9
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 106.9 108.5 109.1 .7 .5 .6 2.6 2.2 2.1
Production............................. 105.9 107.7 108.1 .6 .5 .4 2.5 2.3 2.1
Transportation and material moving..... 108.1 109.5 110.2 .7 .6 .6 2.7 2.1 1.9
Service occupations...................... 110.2 111.9 112.6 1.0 .4 .6 3.1 2.6 2.2
Industry
Goods-producing industries(4)............ 107.3 108.2 108.5 .5 .2 .3 2.8 1.3 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 105.6 106.7 106.8 .5 .2 .1 2.3 1.5 1.1
Service-providing industries(5).......... 109.5 110.6 111.3 .9 .3 .6 2.9 1.9 1.6
Education and health services.......... 110.8 112.2 113.2 1.5 .4 .9 3.4 2.7 2.2
Education services................... 111.1 112.1 113.5 2.0 .3 1.2 3.5 2.9 2.2
Elementary and secondary schools... 111.1 112.1 113.9 2.1 .2 1.6 3.4 3.0 2.5
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 111.1 112.1 112.4 1.9 .5 .3 3.7 2.8 1.2
Health care and social assistance(6) 110.4 112.2 112.8 .7 .4 .5 3.1 2.4 2.2
Hospitals.......................... 110.2 112.3 112.9 .9 .5 .5 3.3 2.8 2.5
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 109.0 110.8 111.3 .7 .5 .5 3.2 2.4 2.1
Public administration.................. 111.6 113.8 114.5 1.4 .7 .6 3.3 3.4 2.6
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government. See "Technical note" for further explanation.
3 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. See "Technical
note" for further explanation.
4 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
5 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
services, except public administration; and public administration.
6 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 5. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by occupational
group and industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for-
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
Private industry workers
All workers.................................. 108.7 109.6 110.0 0.6 0.3 0.4 2.8 1.5 1.2
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2).. 109.0 110.2 110.6 .6 .2 .4 3.0 1.8 1.5
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related...... 109.6 110.5 110.6 .6 .1 .1 3.0 1.5 .9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 109.7 110.5 110.8 .7 .0 .3 3.1 1.5 1.0
Management, business, and financial...... 109.3 109.7 109.7 .6 .1 .0 3.1 .9 .4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 109.6 110.1 110.2 .6 -.1 .1 3.3 1.1 .5
Professional and related................. 109.9 111.1 111.4 .8 .1 .3 3.0 1.9 1.4
Sales and office........................... 107.9 108.3 108.8 .4 .4 .5 2.5 .7 .8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 109.2 110.6 111.1 .6 .3 .5 3.0 1.9 1.7
Sales and related........................ 106.0 104.5 105.3 -.2 .2 .8 1.7 -1.6 -.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 109.1 110.0 110.6 .6 .1 .5 3.3 1.4 1.4
Office and administrative support........ 109.2 110.9 111.3 .6 .4 .4 3.0 2.2 1.9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 109.0 110.3 110.9 .6 .4 .5 2.9 1.8 1.7
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................... 110.3 111.5 112.0 .5 .5 .4 3.6 1.6 1.5
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 107.4 108.9 109.4 .8 .3 .5 2.1 2.2 1.9
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 106.6 108.1 108.6 .6 .4 .5 2.6 2.0 1.9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 106.6 108.3 108.8 .7 .4 .5 2.6 2.3 2.1
Production............................... 105.8 107.6 108.0 .6 .5 .4 2.5 2.3 2.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 105.8 107.7 108.0 .6 .5 .3 2.5 2.4 2.1
Transportation and material moving....... 107.7 108.9 109.6 .5 .5 .6 2.7 1.6 1.8
Service occupations........................ 109.4 110.9 111.7 .6 .2 .7 2.8 2.0 2.1
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(3).............. 107.2 108.2 108.4 .4 .3 .2 2.7 1.3 1.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 107.4 108.5 108.7 .5 .2 .2 2.8 1.5 1.2
Management, professional, and related.. 106.7 106.7 106.5 .1 -.1 -.2 2.3 .1 -.2
Sales and office....................... 106.7 107.4 107.5 .4 .1 .1 2.5 1.0 .7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 109.8 110.9 111.3 .7 .5 .4 3.5 1.7 1.4
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 105.8 107.5 107.8 .5 .5 .3 2.4 2.1 1.9
Construction............................. 110.6 111.2 111.5 .5 .3 .3 3.5 1.0 .8
Manufacturing............................ 105.6 106.7 106.8 .5 .2 .1 2.3 1.5 1.1
Management, professional, and related 105.4 105.7 105.4 .2 .0 -.3 2.0 .5 .0
Sales and office..................... 106.7 107.1 107.2 .6 -.2 .1 3.1 .9 .5
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 105.3 107.1 107.4 .8 .5 .3 2.4 2.5 2.0
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 105.5 107.2 107.5 .5 .5 .3 2.3 2.1 1.9
Aircraft manufacturing................. 90.9 92.9 92.4 1.1 .3 -.5 4.4 3.3 1.7
Service-providing industries(4)............ 109.1 110.1 110.5 .6 .3 .4 2.8 1.5 1.3
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2)...................... 109.5 110.8 111.3 .7 .2 .5 3.0 1.9 1.6
Management, professional, and related.. 110.2 111.2 111.4 .8 .1 .2 3.2 1.7 1.1
Sales and office....................... 108.0 108.4 109.0 .3 .4 .6 2.5 .6 .9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 107.8 109.5 110.1 .5 .5 .5 2.0 2.1 2.1
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 107.6 109.0 109.7 .6 .5 .6 2.8 1.9 2.0
Service occupations.................... 109.5 111.0 111.7 .7 .3 .6 2.9 2.1 2.0
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 107.6 108.1 108.6 .3 .3 .5 2.8 .7 .9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 108.4 109.7 110.1 .6 .4 .4 3.0 1.8 1.6
Wholesale trade........................ 107.1 106.9 106.8 -.1 -.2 -.1 2.8 -.3 -.3
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 108.9 109.9 110.1 .8 .3 .2 3.2 1.8 1.1
Retail trade........................... 108.2 108.8 109.7 .6 .5 .8 2.9 1.1 1.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 108.9 110.0 110.6 .7 .3 .5 3.2 1.8 1.6
Transportation and warehousing......... 106.8 107.9 108.3 .4 .5 .4 2.2 1.4 1.4
Utilities.............................. 108.1 110.9 111.2 .0 1.2 .3 3.0 2.6 2.9
Information.............................. 107.2 107.5 108.0 .9 -.2 .5 1.3 1.2 .7
Financial activities..................... 107.4 107.9 108.3 .1 1.0 .4 1.9 .6 .8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 108.6 109.8 110.1 .4 .4 .3 2.8 1.5 1.4
Finance and insurance.................. 107.6 108.1 108.6 -.1 1.1 .5 1.8 .4 .9
Credit intermediation and related
activities.......................... 106.5 107.6 107.5 .1 .9 -.1 2.8 1.1 .9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 109.7 111.1 111.3 .5 .6 .2 3.6 1.7 1.5
Insurance carriers and related
activities.......................... 108.3 109.7 110.2 .4 .5 .5 2.2 1.7 1.8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 108.1 110.4 110.5 .2 .6 .1 3.1 2.3 2.2
Real estate and rental and leasing..... 106.4 106.9 107.4 .7 .3 .5 2.2 1.1 .9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(2).................... 109.3 110.0 110.4 .7 .1 .4 3.3 1.4 1.0
Professional and business services....... 110.8 111.9 112.1 .8 .0 .2 3.6 1.8 1.2
Professional, scientific, and technical
services.............................. 112.8 114.1 114.3 .8 -.2 .2 4.1 2.0 1.3
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services... 109.0 110.2 110.0 .9 .3 -.2 3.2 2.0 .9
Education and health services............ 110.3 111.9 112.6 .8 .4 .6 3.2 2.3 2.1
Education services..................... 111.4 112.0 113.2 2.1 .1 1.1 4.4 2.7 1.6
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools............................. 111.6 112.5 113.2 1.9 .1 .6 4.4 2.7 1.4
Health care and social assistance(5)... 110.1 111.9 112.5 .6 .4 .5 3.0 2.3 2.2
Hospitals............................ 110.1 112.0 112.6 .9 .4 .5 3.4 2.7 2.3
Nursing and residential care
facilities.......................... 108.7 110.2 110.7 .8 .3 .5 3.0 2.2 1.8
Nursing care facilities(2)......... 108.9 110.3 110.9 .8 .2 .5 3.1 2.1 1.8
Leisure and hospitality.................. 110.6 112.0 112.7 1.2 -.2 .6 2.9 2.5 1.9
Accommodation and food services........ 111.4 112.6 113.4 1.3 -.4 .7 3.1 2.4 1.8
Other services, except public
administration.......................... 109.9 110.8 111.8 .5 .0 .9 2.6 1.3 1.7
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. See "Technical note"
for further explanation.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific,
and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 6. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for private industry workers, by bargaining
status and census region and division
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for-
100)
Bargaining status and census region and
division 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 107.4 109.8 110.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 2.9 2.9 2.9
Goods-producing industries(2).......... 106.2 108.9 109.5 .6 .8 .6 3.0 3.1 3.1
Manufacturing........................ 102.1 104.8 105.4 .4 .4 .6 2.1 3.0 3.2
Service-providing industries(3)........ 108.3 110.6 111.3 .7 .6 .6 2.8 2.9 2.8
Nonunion................................. 108.9 109.6 109.9 .6 .2 .3 2.8 1.2 .9
Goods-producing industries(2).......... 107.6 108.0 108.0 .5 .1 .0 2.7 .8 .4
Manufacturing........................ 106.6 107.3 107.3 .4 .2 .0 2.4 1.0 .7
Service-providing industries(3)........ 109.2 110.0 110.4 .6 .2 .4 2.8 1.3 1.1
Census region and division(4)
Northeast................................ 108.7 110.2 110.7 .6 .4 .5 2.4 1.9 1.8
New England............................ 107.8 110.2 111.2 .7 .3 .9 2.3 2.9 3.2
Middle Atlantic........................ 109.1 110.2 110.6 .5 .4 .4 2.4 1.5 1.4
South.................................... 109.1 110.1 110.6 .6 .3 .5 2.8 1.5 1.4
South Atlantic......................... 109.7 110.7 111.3 .5 .4 .5 2.7 1.5 1.5
East South Central..................... 108.0 108.7 109.2 .7 .2 .5 3.1 1.4 1.1
West South Central..................... 108.7 109.5 109.9 .5 .1 .4 2.9 1.2 1.1
Midwest.................................. 107.4 108.1 108.4 .4 .2 .3 2.7 1.0 .9
East North Central..................... 106.9 107.3 107.5 .4 .3 .2 2.4 .8 .6
West North Central..................... 108.8 110.2 110.6 .4 .3 .4 3.3 1.7 1.7
West..................................... 109.3 110.1 110.3 .8 .2 .2 3.4 1.6 .9
Mountain............................... 110.3 110.6 110.9 .8 .1 .3 3.5 1.1 .5
Pacific................................ 108.9 109.9 110.1 .7 .2 .2 3.3 1.7 1.1
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific,
and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
4 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New
York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi,
and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series. (See "Technical note" for further information.)
Table 7. Employment Cost Index for total compensation(1), for State and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for-
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 111.3 112.9 114.0 1.7 0.5 1.0 3.4 3.2 2.4
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 111.3 112.6 113.7 1.8 .5 1.0 3.5 3.0 2.2
Professional and related............... 111.1 112.4 113.7 1.8 .4 1.2 3.3 3.0 2.3
Sales and office......................... 111.0 113.0 114.3 1.6 .5 1.2 2.9 3.4 3.0
Office and administrative support...... 111.4 113.3 114.7 1.5 .4 1.2 3.0 3.2 3.0
Service occupations...................... 111.9 114.0 114.9 1.7 .5 .8 3.6 3.6 2.7
Industry
Education and health services............ 111.2 112.4 113.7 1.9 .4 1.2 3.4 3.0 2.2
Education services..................... 111.0 112.1 113.5 2.0 .3 1.2 3.4 3.0 2.3
Schools(2)........................... 111.0 112.1 113.5 2.0 .3 1.2 3.4 3.0 2.3
Elementary and secondary schools... 111.1 112.2 114.0 2.1 .2 1.6 3.4 3.1 2.6
Health care and social assistance(3)... 112.7 114.8 115.3 1.4 1.3 .4 3.8 3.3 2.3
Hospitals............................ 110.8 113.5 114.0 1.0 1.0 .4 3.1 3.5 2.9
Public administration.................... 111.6 113.8 114.5 1.4 .7 .6 3.3 3.4 2.6
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional
schools.
3 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 8. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for civilian workers, by occupational group and
industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for-
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 109.3 110.4 110.9 0.8 0.4 0.5 3.1 1.8 1.5
Excluding incentive paid occupations(2) 109.6 111.0 111.5 .9 .3 .5 3.2 2.2 1.7
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 110.1 111.2 111.5 1.0 .2 .3 3.3 2.0 1.3
Management, business, and financial.... 109.8 110.5 110.6 .7 .1 .1 3.2 1.4 .7
Professional and related............... 110.3 111.5 112.1 1.2 .3 .5 3.4 2.3 1.6
Sales and office......................... 108.1 108.6 109.2 .4 .5 .6 2.6 .8 1.0
Sales and related...................... 106.3 104.7 105.7 -.3 .4 1.0 1.9 -1.8 -.6
Office and administrative support...... 109.3 111.2 111.6 .7 .5 .4 3.0 2.5 2.1
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 109.9 111.2 111.7 .8 .5 .4 3.4 2.0 1.6
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................. 110.7 111.8 112.3 .7 .4 .4 3.8 1.7 1.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair.. 108.8 110.5 111.1 .9 .5 .5 2.8 2.5 2.1
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 107.7 109.0 109.6 .7 .5 .6 2.9 2.0 1.8
Production............................. 107.2 108.7 109.2 .7 .5 .5 2.8 2.1 1.9
Transportation and material moving..... 108.2 109.5 110.2 .8 .6 .6 2.9 2.1 1.8
Service occupations...................... 109.9 111.6 112.4 1.1 .4 .7 3.2 2.7 2.3
Industry
Goods-producing industries(3)............ 108.6 109.5 109.8 .6 .3 .3 3.0 1.4 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 107.4 108.4 108.6 .7 .3 .2 2.8 1.6 1.1
Service-providing industries(4).......... 109.4 110.5 111.1 .8 .3 .5 3.0 1.8 1.6
Education and health services.......... 110.2 111.4 112.3 1.4 .4 .8 3.4 2.5 1.9
Education services................... 110.0 110.7 111.8 1.9 .2 1.0 3.6 2.6 1.6
Elementary and secondary schools... 109.9 110.5 112.0 2.2 .1 1.4 3.7 2.8 1.9
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools........................... 110.4 111.2 111.2 1.8 .5 .0 3.6 2.6 .7
Health care and social assistance(5) 110.4 112.2 112.8 .7 .4 .5 3.1 2.4 2.2
Hospitals.......................... 110.5 112.6 113.2 1.0 .5 .5 3.6 2.9 2.4
Nursing and residential care
facilities........................ 109.1 110.9 111.4 .9 .5 .5 3.1 2.6 2.1
Public administration.................. 109.9 112.3 112.8 1.2 .9 .4 3.3 3.4 2.6
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government. See "Technical note" for further explanation.
2 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. See "Technical
note" for further explanation.
3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
4 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical
services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services;
health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment and recreation; accommodation and food services; other
services, except public administration; and public administration.
5 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 9. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by occupational group and
industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for-
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
Private industry workers
All workers.................................. 109.1 110.1 110.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 2.9 1.6 1.4
Excluding incentive paid occupations(1).. 109.5 110.8 111.3 .7 .2 .5 3.2 1.9 1.6
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related...... 110.1 111.1 111.3 .7 .0 .2 3.2 1.6 1.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 110.2 111.2 111.5 .8 .0 .3 3.3 1.7 1.2
Management, business, and financial...... 109.7 110.3 110.4 .6 .0 .1 3.2 1.2 .6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 110.1 110.9 111.1 .7 -.1 .2 3.3 1.5 .9
Professional and related................. 110.4 111.8 112.1 .8 .2 .3 3.2 2.1 1.5
Sales and office........................... 108.0 108.3 109.0 .3 .4 .6 2.6 .6 .9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 109.5 111.0 111.5 .7 .4 .5 3.3 2.1 1.8
Sales and related........................ 106.4 104.7 105.7 -.2 .4 1.0 1.9 -1.8 -.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 109.7 110.9 111.7 .5 .3 .7 3.8 1.6 1.8
Office and administrative support........ 109.2 111.1 111.4 .6 .5 .3 3.0 2.4 2.0
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 109.8 111.0 111.6 .7 .4 .5 3.4 1.8 1.6
Construction, extraction, farming,
fishing, and forestry................... 110.8 111.7 112.3 .6 .3 .5 3.8 1.5 1.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 108.5 110.2 110.7 .8 .5 .5 2.7 2.4 2.0
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 107.5 108.8 109.4 .7 .5 .6 2.9 1.9 1.8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 107.5 109.0 109.6 .7 .4 .6 2.8 2.2 2.0
Production............................... 107.2 108.5 109.0 .8 .4 .5 2.9 2.0 1.7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 107.2 108.6 109.1 .8 .4 .5 3.0 2.2 1.8
Transportation and material moving....... 108.0 109.2 109.9 .6 .6 .6 2.9 1.7 1.8
Service occupations........................ 109.7 111.2 112.1 .8 .2 .8 3.0 2.2 2.2
Industry and occupational group
Goods-producing industries(2).............. 108.6 109.5 109.8 .6 .3 .3 3.0 1.4 1.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 108.9 109.9 110.2 .6 .2 .3 3.1 1.6 1.2
Management, professional, and related.. 108.7 109.3 109.4 .3 .0 .1 2.6 .8 .6
Sales and office....................... 107.6 108.3 108.4 .4 .2 .1 2.8 1.0 .7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 110.5 111.4 111.9 .8 .3 .4 3.8 1.6 1.3
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 107.3 108.5 108.9 .7 .5 .4 2.8 1.8 1.5
Construction............................. 110.6 111.4 111.7 .5 .2 .3 3.4 1.3 1.0
Manufacturing............................ 107.4 108.4 108.6 .7 .3 .2 2.8 1.6 1.1
Management, professional, and related 107.6 108.5 108.6 .4 .1 .1 2.5 1.2 .9
Sales and office..................... 107.6 108.2 108.3 .7 .0 .1 3.6 1.2 .7
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance......................... 108.1 109.2 109.7 .9 .4 .5 3.0 2.0 1.5
Production, transportation, and
material moving..................... 107.1 108.2 108.6 .8 .5 .4 2.8 1.8 1.4
Aircraft manufacturing................. 107.6 111.0 111.5 .2 .5 .5 3.1 3.4 3.6
Service-providing industries(3)............ 109.3 110.3 110.8 .6 .3 .5 3.0 1.6 1.4
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1)...................... 109.7 111.1 111.7 .7 .2 .5 3.2 2.0 1.8
Management, professional, and related.. 110.3 111.5 111.7 .8 .1 .2 3.3 1.9 1.3
Sales and office....................... 108.0 108.3 109.0 .3 .4 .6 2.5 .6 .9
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance........................... 108.6 110.5 111.2 .6 .5 .6 2.7 2.3 2.4
Production, transportation, and
material moving....................... 107.8 109.3 110.0 .7 .6 .6 3.1 2.1 2.0
Service occupations.................... 109.7 111.3 112.2 .8 .3 .8 2.9 2.3 2.3
Trade, transportation, and utilities..... 107.5 108.2 108.7 .3 .4 .5 2.8 .9 1.1
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 108.5 110.0 110.5 .6 .5 .5 2.9 2.0 1.8
Wholesale trade........................ 106.8 106.5 106.2 -.4 -.3 -.3 2.7 -.7 -.6
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 109.1 110.1 110.4 .7 .2 .3 3.1 1.7 1.2
Retail trade........................... 108.1 108.9 110.0 .5 .6 1.0 2.9 1.2 1.8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 108.9 110.3 111.0 .8 .5 .6 3.2 2.1 1.9
Transportation and warehousing......... 106.7 107.9 108.3 .7 .7 .4 2.5 1.8 1.5
Utilities.............................. 109.3 112.0 112.2 .0 .9 .2 3.0 2.5 2.7
Information.............................. 107.3 108.1 108.7 .9 .3 .6 2.0 1.7 1.3
Financial activities..................... 107.7 107.9 108.5 .0 1.0 .6 1.6 .2 .7
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 109.2 110.3 110.7 .4 .2 .4 2.9 1.4 1.4
Finance and insurance.................. 108.2 108.5 109.0 -.2 1.3 .5 1.6 .1 .7
Credit intermediation and related
activities.......................... 105.9 106.8 106.8 -.1 .7 .0 2.3 .8 .8
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 110.0 111.3 111.6 .5 .2 .3 3.5 1.6 1.5
Insurance carriers and related
activities.......................... 109.0 110.0 110.6 .5 .5 .5 1.7 1.4 1.5
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 108.6 110.6 110.7 .3 .6 .1 2.8 2.1 1.9
Real estate and rental and leasing..... 105.3 105.8 106.3 .6 .2 .5 1.6 1.1 .9
Excluding incentive paid
occupations(1).................... 108.7 109.2 109.7 .8 -.2 .5 2.7 1.3 .9
Professional and business services....... 111.0 112.2 112.3 .9 -.1 .1 4.0 2.0 1.2
Professional, scientific, and technical
services.............................. 112.7 114.0 114.2 .9 -.3 .2 4.4 2.1 1.3
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services... 109.4 110.7 110.4 1.0 .5 -.3 3.5 2.2 .9
Education and health services............ 110.2 111.8 112.5 .9 .4 .6 3.1 2.4 2.1
Education services..................... 110.8 111.2 112.2 2.0 .1 .9 4.1 2.4 1.3
Junior colleges, colleges,
universities, and professional
schools............................. 110.8 111.3 111.9 2.2 .1 .5 4.0 2.7 1.0
Health care and social assistance(4)... 110.1 111.9 112.5 .6 .4 .5 2.9 2.3 2.2
Hospitals............................ 110.3 112.3 112.9 1.0 .4 .5 3.6 2.8 2.4
Nursing and residential care
facilities.......................... 109.0 110.6 111.2 .8 .3 .5 2.9 2.3 2.0
Nursing care facilities(1)......... 109.0 110.5 111.2 .8 .3 .6 2.8 2.2 2.0
Leisure and hospitality.................. 111.4 112.8 113.7 1.4 -.3 .8 3.1 2.6 2.1
Accommodation and food services........ 111.9 113.2 114.2 1.4 -.4 .9 3.2 2.5 2.1
Other services, except public
administration.......................... 110.4 111.4 112.5 .5 .0 1.0 2.9 1.4 1.9
1 The index for this series is not strictly comparable with other series in this table. See "Technical note"
for further explanation.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific,
and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
4 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 10. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for private industry workers, by bargaining status
and census region and division
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for-
100)
Bargaining status and census region and
division 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 107.4 109.6 110.2 0.7 0.7 0.5 2.9 2.7 2.6
Goods-producing industries(1).......... 107.1 108.8 109.5 .7 .6 .6 2.7 2.3 2.2
Manufacturing........................ 104.9 106.4 107.0 .5 .4 .6 1.9 1.9 2.0
Service-providing industries(2)........ 107.7 110.1 110.8 .7 .8 .6 3.0 3.0 2.9
Nonunion................................. 109.4 110.2 110.6 .6 .2 .4 3.0 1.4 1.1
Goods-producing industries(1).......... 109.0 109.7 109.9 .6 .2 .2 3.0 1.2 .8
Manufacturing........................ 108.0 108.9 109.1 .7 .3 .2 3.0 1.5 1.0
Service-providing industries(2)........ 109.4 110.3 110.8 .6 .2 .5 2.9 1.4 1.3
Census region and division(3)
Northeast................................ 108.7 110.3 110.8 .5 .4 .5 2.5 1.9 1.9
New England............................ 108.3 110.6 111.7 .7 .1 1.0 2.5 2.8 3.1
Middle Atlantic........................ 109.0 110.1 110.4 .6 .4 .3 2.4 1.6 1.3
South.................................... 109.8 110.7 111.3 .6 .3 .5 3.1 1.5 1.4
South Atlantic......................... 110.2 111.3 111.9 .6 .5 .5 3.1 1.6 1.5
East South Central..................... 109.0 109.5 110.1 1.0 .3 .5 3.2 1.5 1.0
West South Central..................... 109.4 110.2 110.8 .6 .1 .5 3.1 1.3 1.3
Midwest.................................. 107.9 108.6 108.9 .4 .2 .3 2.8 1.0 .9
East North Central..................... 107.3 107.7 108.0 .3 .2 .3 2.5 .7 .7
West North Central..................... 109.5 110.8 111.2 .6 .1 .4 3.7 1.7 1.6
West..................................... 109.9 110.8 111.2 .9 .3 .4 3.5 1.7 1.2
Mountain............................... 110.8 111.4 111.9 .8 .3 .4 3.8 1.4 1.0
Pacific................................ 109.6 110.6 111.0 .9 .3 .4 3.4 1.8 1.3
1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
2 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific,
and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
3 The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are: New England:
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New
York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi,
and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska,
North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
NOTE: The indexes for these series are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, occupation, and
industry series. (See "Technical note" for further information.)
Table 11. Employment Cost Index for wages and salaries, for State and local government workers, by
occupational group and industry
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for-
100)
Occupational group and industry 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 110.1 111.5 112.4 1.8 0.5 0.8 3.5 3.0 2.1
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 110.1 111.2 112.1 1.8 .5 .8 3.6 2.8 1.8
Professional and related............... 110.1 111.1 112.1 1.9 .5 .9 3.6 2.8 1.8
Sales and office......................... 109.3 111.2 112.1 1.3 .6 .8 2.8 3.1 2.6
Office and administrative support...... 109.7 111.6 112.6 1.3 .5 .9 3.0 3.0 2.6
Service occupations...................... 110.4 112.7 113.3 1.7 .6 .5 3.7 3.8 2.6
Industry
Education and health services............ 110.2 111.1 112.1 1.9 .4 .9 3.7 2.8 1.7
Education services..................... 109.9 110.7 111.7 2.0 .3 .9 3.6 2.8 1.6
Schools(1)........................... 109.9 110.7 111.7 2.0 .3 .9 3.6 2.8 1.6
Elementary and secondary schools... 109.8 110.5 112.0 2.1 .2 1.4 3.6 2.8 2.0
Health care and social assistance(2)... 112.8 114.8 115.2 1.6 1.5 .3 4.3 3.4 2.1
Hospitals............................ 111.4 114.0 114.4 1.0 1.1 .4 3.5 3.4 2.7
Public administration.................... 109.9 112.3 112.8 1.2 .9 .4 3.3 3.4 2.6
1 Includes elementary and secondary schools; junior colleges; colleges, universities, and professional
schools.
2 Includes ambulatory health care services and social assistance, not shown separately.
Table 12. Employment Cost Index for benefits, by ownership, occupational group, industry, and bargaining
status
Indexes (Dec. 2005 = Percent changes for-
100)
Occupational group, industry, and
bargaining status 3-months ended- 12-months ended-
Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
Civilian workers
All workers(1)............................. 108.9 110.0 110.6 0.7 0.3 0.5 2.6 1.8 1.6
Private industry workers
All workers................................ 107.5 108.4 108.7 .5 .2 .3 2.4 1.3 1.1
Occupational group
Management, professional, and related.... 108.5 108.8 108.9 .6 .0 .1 2.7 .8 .4
Sales and office......................... 107.6 108.1 108.5 .6 .1 .4 2.3 1.0 .8
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................. 107.5 108.8 109.3 .5 .6 .5 2.1 1.7 1.7
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................. 104.8 106.8 107.1 .3 .4 .3 2.0 2.2 2.2
Service occupations...................... 108.7 110.0 110.4 .2 .3 .4 2.5 1.4 1.6
Industry
Goods-producing industries(2)............ 104.6 105.7 105.7 .2 .3 .0 2.1 1.2 1.1
Manufacturing.......................... 102.3 103.6 103.4 .1 .1 -.2 1.6 1.4 1.1
Aircraft manufacturing............... 73.1 73.5 72.0 2.5 .1 -2.0 6.7 3.1 -1.5
Service-providing industries(3).......... 108.7 109.5 109.9 .6 .2 .4 2.5 1.3 1.1
Bargaining status
Union.................................... 107.2 110.3 110.9 .6 .7 .5 2.8 3.5 3.5
Nonunion................................. 107.6 108.0 108.2 .5 .1 .2 2.4 .8 .6
State and local government workers
All workers................................ 113.9 115.8 117.5 1.9 .5 1.5 3.3 3.6 3.2
1 Includes workers in the private nonfarm economy except those in private households, and workers in the
public sector, except the federal government. See "Technical note" for further explanation.
2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing.
3 Includes the following industries: wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing;
utilities; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional, scientific,
and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services; education services; health care and social assistance; arts,
entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public
administration.
Table 13. Employment Cost Index for total compensation,(1) and wages and salaries,
for private industry workers, by area
Percent changes for 12-months ended-
Census region and metropolitan area(2) Total compensation Wages and salaries
Sep. June Sep. Sep. June Sep.
2008 2009 2009 2008 2009 2009
Northeast
Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH CSA... 2.4 3.5 3.2 2.5 3.6 3.6
New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA
CSA..................................... 2.4 1.2 1.1 2.3 1.3 1.2
Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD
CSA..................................... 4.6 2.6 1.6 4.7 2.5 1.4
South
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL
CSA..................................... 2.1 1.7 .7 2.0 1.3 .2
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CSA................ 2.6 2.1 1.3 2.9 3.0 1.4
Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX CSA....... 2.4 1.8 1.0 2.5 2.1 1.2
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL
MSA..................................... 2.8 1.2 1.2 4.4 1.7 1.4
Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia,
DC-MD-VA-WV CSA......................... 3.0 1.9 1.6 2.8 2.5 2.0
Midwest
Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City,
IL-IN-WI CSA............................ 3.3 .5 .4 3.1 .2 .2
Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI CSA............. 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.2 1.0
Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI CSA 2.8 .4 -.2 2.9 .9 .4
West
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA CSA 2.5 1.8 1.2 2.1 2.0 1.8
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ MSA.......... 4.5 .4 -2.2 4.4 .8 -2.1
San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA CSA... 3.5 1.1 .8 3.2 .7 .5
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA CSA(3)........ - - 1.2 - - 2.0
1 Includes wages, salaries, and employer costs for employee benefits.
2 See Technical Note for metropolitan area definitions.
3 Data for these series are published beginning with the 12-months ended September
2009.
United States Department of Labor
