Technical Contact: USDL: 02-674 (202) 691-6199 ocltinfo@bls.gov Media Contact: FOR RELEASE: 10:00 A.M. (EST) (202) 691-5902 WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 11, 2002 Internet address: http://www.bls.gov/ncs/ect/home.htm EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION-SEPTEMBER 2002 In September 2002, employer costs for employee compensation for civilian workers in private industry and State and local government in the United States averaged $23.44 per hour worked, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Wages and salaries, which averaged $16.93, accounted for 72.2 percent of these costs, while benefits, which averaged $6.51, accounted for the remaining 27.8 percent. (See table 1.) Legally required benefits averaged $1.85 per hour (7.9 percent of total compensation), representing the largest non-wage employer cost. Employer costs for paid leave benefits averaged $1.60 (6.8 percent), insurance benefits averaged $1.67 (7.1 percent), and retirement and savings benefits averaged 80 cents (3.4 percent) per hour worked. Private Industry In September 2002, private industry employer compensation costs averaged $22.01 per hour worked. Wages and salaries averaged $16.00 per hour (72.7 percent), while benefits averaged $6.01 (27.3 percent.) (See table 5.) Employer costs for paid leave averaged $1.45 per hour worked (6.6 percent), supplemental pay averaged 60 cents (2.7 percent), insurance benefits averaged $1.45 (6.6 percent), retirement and savings averaged 63 cents (2.9 percent), and legally required benefits, the largest non-wage component, averaged $1.84 (8.4 percent) per hour worked. Compensation costs in State and local governments In September 2002, employer costs in State and local governments averaged $31.89 per hour worked. Wages and salaries, which accounted for 70.2 percent of the total, averaged $22.40, while benefits, which accounted for the remaining 29.8 percent, averaged $9.49. (See table 3.) Among State and local government employees, average hourly compensation costs were higher for white-collar occupations ($35.43) than for blue-collar ($25.30) and service occupations ($24.26). Wages and salaries averaged $25.55 per hour worked for white-collar occupations, $16.53 for blue-collar occupations, and $15.63 for service occupations. Wages and salaries accounted for about the same proportion of total compensation for blue-collar employees (65.3 percent) and service employees (64.4 percent); for white-collar employees, wages and salaries represented a significantly higher proportion of total compensation (72.1 percent). (See table 4.) Employer costs for insurance benefits ranged from $2.50 per hour, or 10.3 percent of total compensation, for service occupations, to $3.12 per hour worked, or 8.8 percent of total compensation, for white-collar occupations for State and local employees. For blue-collar occupations, employer insurance costs averaged $2.89, or 11.4 percent of compensation. The largest component of insurance costs is for health insurance, averaging $2.83 for State and local government employees. In September 2002, the average cost for retirement and savings benefits was $1.81 per hour worked in State and local governments (5.7 percent of total compensation.) Included in this amount were employer costs for defined benefit plans, which averaged $1.57 per hour (4.9 percent), and for defined contribution plans, which averaged 23 cents (0.7 percent). Defined benefit plans specify a formula for determining future benefits while defined contribution plans specify employer contributions, but do not guarantee future benefits. A major component of benefit costs is paid leave, including vacations, holidays, sick leave, and other leave such as personal leave, military leave, and funeral leave. The average cost for paid leave was $2.49 per hour worked for State and local employees. Among occupational groups, the average cost for white-collar workers was $2.58 (7.3 percent of total compensation); blue-collar workers averaged $2.35 (9.3 percent), and service workers averaged $2.26 (9.3 percent). Costs for legally required benefits, including Social Security, unemployment insurance (both State and Federal), and workers' compensation, averaged $1.89 per hour worked for State and local employees. The average cost for white-collar workers was $2.01, blue-collar workers averaged $1.76, and service workers averaged $1.57 per hour worked. Table of Contents: Table 1. Civilian workers, by major occupational group 5 Table 2. Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group 6 Table 3. State and local government, by selected characteristics 7 Table 4. State and local government, by occupational and industry group 8 Table 5. Private industry, by major industry group 9 Table 6. Private industry, by major occupational group 10 Table 7. Private industry, by region and bargaining status 11 Table 8. Private industry, by establishment employment size 12 Table 9. Private industry, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time and part-time status 13 Table 10. Private industry, by occupational and industry group 14 Table 11. Private industry, workers in goods-producing and service- producing industries, by occupational group 15 Table 12. Private industry, workers in manufacturing and nonmanufac- turing industries, by occupational group 16 Table 13. Private industry, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group 17 Table 14. Private industry, by establishment employment size, and major industry and occupational group 18 Table 15. Private industry, workers in health services, by industry and occupational group 19 Table 16. Private industry, workers in transportation equipment manufacturing and public utilities, by industry and occupational group 20 Explanatory notes 21 Appendix table. Employer costs per hour worked for components of compen- sation, and relative standard errors, by major industry and occupational categories, September 2002 24 Table 1. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian workers, by major occupational group, September 2002 Civilian workers White collar Blue collar Service Compensation component Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation............................. $23.44 100.0 $28.33 100.0 $20.86 100.0 $13.34 100.0 Wages and salaries........................... 16.93 72.2 20.78 73.3 14.40 69.0 9.73 72.9 Total benefits............................... 6.51 27.8 7.55 26.7 6.47 31.0 3.61 27.1 Paid leave................................. 1.60 6.8 2.09 7.4 1.22 5.8 .77 5.8 Vacation................................. .75 3.2 .96 3.4 .61 2.9 .35 2.6 Holiday.................................. .54 2.3 .70 2.5 .43 2.1 .25 1.9 Sick..................................... .23 1.0 .33 1.2 .12 .6 .13 1.0 Other.................................... .08 .3 .11 .4 .05 .2 .04 .3 Supplemental pay........................... .56 2.4 .57 2.0 .73 3.5 .26 1.9 Premium(1)............................... .23 1.0 .12 .4 .51 2.4 .13 1.0 Shift differentials...................... .06 .3 .06 .2 .07 .3 .05 .4 Nonproduction bonuses.................... .27 1.2 .40 1.4 .16 .8 .08 .6 Insurance.................................. 1.67 7.1 1.89 6.7 1.73 8.3 .93 7.0 Life..................................... .04 .2 .06 .2 .04 .2 .02 .1 Health................................... 1.55 6.6 1.75 6.2 1.62 7.8 .88 6.6 Short-term disability.................... .04 .2 .04 .1 .05 .2 .02 .1 Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .05 .2 .02 .1 (2) (3) Retirement and savings..................... .80 3.4 .97 3.4 .74 3.5 .42 3.1 Defined benefit.......................... .42 1.8 .45 1.6 .45 2.2 .31 2.3 Defined contribution..................... .38 1.6 .53 1.9 .29 1.4 .10 .7 Legally required benefits.................. 1.85 7.9 1.98 7.0 2.02 9.7 1.22 9.1 Social Security(4)....................... 1.36 5.8 1.62 5.7 1.22 5.8 .81 6.1 OASDI.................................. 1.08 4.6 1.29 4.6 .99 4.7 .64 4.8 Medicare............................... .27 1.2 .33 1.2 .23 1.1 .16 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .2 State unemployment insurance............. .09 .4 .08 .3 .11 .5 .08 .6 Workers' compensation.................... .38 1.6 .25 .9 .66 3.2 .31 2.3 Other benefits(5).......................... .03 .1 .04 .1 .03 .1 (2) (3) 1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 2. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Civilian workers, by occupational and industry group, September 2002 Benefit costs Total Wages Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other sation salaries Paid mental ment required bene- Total leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1) savings Cost per hour worked by year Civilian workers............................... $23.44 $16.93 $6.51 $1.60 $0.56 $1.67 $0.80 $1.85 $0.03 Occupational group White-collar occupations..................... 28.33 20.78 7.55 2.09 .57 1.89 .97 1.98 .04 Professional specialty and technical....... 38.02 28.09 9.93 2.84 .56 2.44 1.51 2.52 .06 Professional specialty................... 40.74 30.27 10.47 3.03 .53 2.56 1.66 2.62 .07 Nurses................................. 34.51 25.02 9.49 2.77 1.21 1.84 .99 2.65 .02 Teachers............................... 42.76 32.50 10.26 2.26 .09 3.05 2.31 2.46 .09 Technical................................ 29.08 20.92 8.17 2.23 .66 2.06 1.01 2.18 .03 Executive, administrative, and managerial.. 42.30 30.43 11.87 3.66 1.37 2.43 1.55 2.79 .08 Administrative support, including clerical. 18.66 13.31 5.34 1.34 .34 1.69 .57 1.38 .03 Blue-collar occupations...................... 20.86 14.40 6.47 1.22 .73 1.73 .74 2.02 .03 Service occupations.......................... 13.34 9.73 3.61 .77 .26 .93 .42 1.22 (2) Industry group Services..................................... 25.01 18.59 6.41 1.76 .32 1.66 .83 1.82 .02 Health services............................ 25.13 18.21 6.93 2.16 .51 1.64 .73 1.88 (2) Hospitals................................ 27.63 19.34 8.29 2.42 .77 2.14 .88 2.06 .02 Educational services....................... 34.20 25.25 8.95 2.18 .11 2.82 1.78 2.00 .06 Elementary and secondary education....... 33.49 24.88 8.61 1.90 .08 3.03 1.65 1.85 .09 Higher education......................... 36.34 26.57 9.78 2.72 .15 2.60 2.06 2.24 (2) Percent of total compensation Civilian workers............................... 100.0 72.2 27.8 6.8 2.4 7.1 3.4 7.9 0.1 Occupational group White-collar occupations..................... 100.0 73.3 26.7 7.4 2.0 6.7 3.4 7.0 .1 Professional specialty and technical....... 100.0 73.9 26.1 7.5 1.5 6.4 4.0 6.6 .2 Professional specialty................... 100.0 74.3 25.7 7.4 1.3 6.3 4.1 6.4 .2 Nurses................................. 100.0 72.5 27.5 8.0 3.5 5.3 2.9 7.7 .1 Teachers............................... 100.0 76.0 24.0 5.3 .2 7.1 5.4 5.8 .2 Technical................................ 100.0 71.9 28.1 7.7 2.3 7.1 3.5 7.5 .1 Executive, administrative, and managerial.. 100.0 71.9 28.1 8.7 3.2 5.7 3.7 6.6 .2 Administrative support, including clerical. 100.0 71.3 28.6 7.2 1.8 9.1 3.1 7.4 .2 Blue-collar occupations...................... 100.0 69.0 31.0 5.8 3.5 8.3 3.5 9.7 .1 Service occupations.......................... 100.0 72.9 27.1 5.8 1.9 7.0 3.1 9.1 (3) Industry group Services..................................... 100.0 74.3 25.6 7.0 1.3 6.6 3.3 7.3 .1 Health services............................ 100.0 72.5 27.6 8.6 2.0 6.5 2.9 7.5 (3) Hospitals................................ 100.0 70.0 30.0 8.8 2.8 7.7 3.2 7.5 .1 Educational services....................... 100.0 73.8 26.2 6.4 .3 8.2 5.2 5.8 .2 Elementary and secondary education....... 100.0 74.3 25.7 5.7 .2 9.0 4.9 5.5 .3 Higher education......................... 100.0 73.1 26.9 7.5 .4 7.2 5.7 6.2 (3) 1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 3. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local government, by selected characteristics,(1) September 2002 All workers White collar Service occupations Service industries Compensation occupations component Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation............................. $31.89 100.0 $35.43 100.0 $24.26 100.0 $33.46 100.0 Wages and salaries........................... 22.40 70.2 25.55 72.1 15.63 64.4 24.29 72.6 Total benefits............................... 9.49 29.8 9.88 27.9 8.62 35.5 9.17 27.4 Paid leave................................. 2.49 7.8 2.58 7.3 2.26 9.3 2.27 6.8 Vacation................................. .87 2.7 .81 2.3 .98 4.0 .64 1.9 Holiday.................................. .81 2.5 .85 2.4 .72 3.0 .76 2.3 Sick..................................... .61 1.9 .70 2.0 .41 1.7 .66 2.0 Other.................................... .19 .6 .21 .6 .15 .6 .20 .6 Supplemental pay........................... .28 .9 .16 .5 .60 2.5 .18 .5 Premium(2)............................... .13 .4 .05 .1 .30 1.2 .06 .2 Shift differentials...................... .06 .2 .04 .1 .13 .5 .05 .1 Nonproduction bonuses.................... .09 .3 .08 .2 .17 .7 .07 .2 Insurance.................................. 2.96 9.3 3.12 8.8 2.50 10.3 2.97 8.9 Life..................................... .05 .2 .06 .2 .04 .2 .05 .1 Health................................... 2.83 8.9 2.99 8.4 2.35 9.7 2.85 8.5 Short-term disability.................... .04 .1 .02 .1 .09 .4 .02 .1 Long-term disability..................... .04 .1 .04 .1 .02 .1 .04 .1 Retirement and savings..................... 1.81 5.7 1.94 5.5 1.65 6.8 1.77 5.3 Defined benefit.......................... 1.57 4.9 1.67 4.7 1.54 6.3 1.55 4.6 Defined contribution..................... .23 .7 .27 .8 .11 .5 .22 .7 Legally required benefits.................. 1.89 5.9 2.01 5.7 1.57 6.5 1.92 5.7 Social Security(3)....................... 1.48 4.6 1.69 4.8 .98 4.0 1.60 4.8 OASDI.................................. 1.15 3.6 1.31 3.7 .74 3.1 1.24 3.7 Medicare............................... .34 1.1 .38 1.1 .23 .9 .36 1.1 Federal unemployment insurance........... (4) (5) (4) (5) (4) (5) (4) (5) State unemployment insurance............. .04 .1 .04 .1 .05 .2 .04 .1 Workers' compensation.................... .36 1.1 .28 .8 .54 2.2 .27 .8 Other benefits(6).......................... .06 .2 .07 .2 .06 .2 .07 .2 1 This table presents data for the two major occupational groups in State and local governments: White-collar occupations, largely professional occupations, including teachers; and service occupations, including police and firefighters; and one major industry group, services. The service industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the State and local government workforce. 2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 3 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5 Less than .05 percent. 6 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 4. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: State and local government, by occupational and industry group, September 2002 Benefit costs Total Wages Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other sation salaries Paid mental ment required bene- Total leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1) savings Cost per hour worked by year State and local government workers............. $31.89 $22.40 $9.49 $2.49 $0.28 $2.96 $1.81 $1.89 $0.06 Occupational group White-collar occupations..................... 35.43 25.55 9.88 2.58 .16 3.12 1.94 2.01 .07 Professional specialty and technical....... 41.45 30.74 10.71 2.55 .17 3.28 2.31 2.30 .09 Professional specialty................... 42.85 31.91 10.93 2.56 .15 3.38 2.40 2.35 .10 Teachers............................... 45.48 34.36 11.11 2.39 .08 3.49 2.64 2.41 .11 Technical................................ 27.15 18.69 8.46 2.44 .45 2.31 1.39 1.81 .05 Executive, administrative, and managerial.. 39.81 27.71 12.10 4.02 .18 3.36 2.23 2.27 .04 Administrative support, including clerical. 20.72 13.73 6.98 1.87 .13 2.64 1.01 1.30 .04 Blue-collar occupations...................... 25.30 16.53 8.78 2.35 .41 2.89 1.32 1.76 .04 Service occupations.......................... 24.26 15.63 8.62 2.26 .60 2.50 1.65 1.57 .06 Industry group Services..................................... 33.46 24.29 9.17 2.27 .18 2.97 1.77 1.92 .07 Health services............................ 26.56 17.80 8.76 2.65 .71 2.38 1.14 1.85 .04 Hospitals................................ 27.35 18.40 8.95 2.74 .69 2.38 1.19 1.91 .04 Educational services....................... 35.00 25.76 9.24 2.19 .11 3.04 1.90 1.92 .07 Elementary and secondary education....... 34.17 25.34 8.83 1.93 .08 3.17 1.73 1.83 .10 Higher education......................... 37.59 27.39 10.20 2.82 .17 2.80 2.27 2.14 (2) Public administration........................ 29.27 19.30 9.97 2.87 .44 2.90 1.91 1.79 .06 Percent of total compensation State and local government workers............. 100.0 70.2 29.8 7.8 0.9 9.3 5.7 5.9 0.2 Occupational group White-collar occupations..................... 100.0 72.1 27.9 7.3 .5 8.8 5.5 5.7 .2 Professional specialty and technical....... 100.0 74.2 25.8 6.2 .4 7.9 5.6 5.5 .2 Professional specialty................... 100.0 74.5 25.5 6.0 .4 7.9 5.6 5.5 .2 Teachers............................... 100.0 75.5 24.4 5.3 .2 7.7 5.8 5.3 .2 Technical................................ 100.0 68.8 31.2 9.0 1.7 8.5 5.1 6.7 .2 Executive, administrative, and managerial.. 100.0 69.6 30.4 10.1 .5 8.4 5.6 5.7 .1 Administrative support, including clerical. 100.0 66.3 33.7 9.0 .6 12.7 4.9 6.3 .2 Blue-collar occupations...................... 100.0 65.3 34.7 9.3 1.6 11.4 5.2 7.0 .2 Service occupations.......................... 100.0 64.4 35.5 9.3 2.5 10.3 6.8 6.5 .2 Industry group Services..................................... 100.0 72.6 27.4 6.8 .5 8.9 5.3 5.7 .2 Health services............................ 100.0 67.0 33.0 10.0 2.7 9.0 4.3 7.0 .2 Hospitals................................ 100.0 67.3 32.7 10.0 2.5 8.7 4.4 7.0 .1 Educational services....................... 100.0 73.6 26.4 6.3 .3 8.7 5.4 5.5 .2 Elementary and secondary education....... 100.0 74.2 25.8 5.6 .2 9.3 5.1 5.4 .3 Higher education......................... 100.0 72.9 27.1 7.5 .5 7.4 6.0 5.7 (3) Public administration........................ 100.0 65.9 34.1 9.8 1.5 9.9 6.5 6.1 .2 1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 5. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by major industry group, September 2002 All workers Goods Service Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Compensation producing(1) producing(2) component Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation............................. $22.01 100.0 $25.64 100.0 $20.98 100.0 $25.33 100.0 $21.41 100.0 Wages and salaries........................... 16.00 72.7 17.60 68.6 15.55 74.1 17.22 68.0 15.78 73.7 Total benefits............................... 6.01 27.3 8.04 31.4 5.43 25.9 8.11 32.0 5.63 26.3 Paid leave................................. 1.45 6.6 1.66 6.5 1.39 6.6 1.92 7.6 1.36 6.4 Vacation................................. .73 3.3 .86 3.4 .69 3.3 .97 3.8 .68 3.2 Holiday.................................. .49 2.2 .60 2.3 .47 2.2 .70 2.8 .46 2.1 Sick..................................... .17 .8 .13 .5 .18 .9 .15 .6 .17 .8 Other.................................... .06 .3 .08 .3 .06 .3 .10 .4 .05 .2 Supplemental pay........................... .60 2.7 1.07 4.2 .47 2.2 1.13 4.5 .51 2.4 Premium(3)............................... .24 1.1 .55 2.1 .16 .8 .57 2.3 .19 .9 Shift differentials...................... .06 .3 .08 .3 .05 .2 .11 .4 .05 .2 Nonproduction bonuses.................... .30 1.4 .45 1.8 .26 1.2 .45 1.8 .27 1.3 Insurance.................................. 1.45 6.6 2.05 8.0 1.28 6.1 2.15 8.5 1.32 6.2 Life..................................... .04 .2 .06 .2 .04 .2 .06 .2 .04 .2 Health................................... 1.34 6.1 1.88 7.3 1.18 5.6 1.97 7.8 1.22 5.7 Short-term disability.................... .04 .2 .07 .3 .03 .1 .08 .3 .03 .1 Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .04 .2 .03 .1 Retirement and savings..................... .63 2.9 .89 3.5 .56 2.7 .74 2.9 .62 2.9 Defined benefit.......................... .23 1.0 .44 1.7 .16 .8 .31 1.2 .21 1.0 Defined contribution..................... .41 1.9 .45 1.8 .40 1.9 .43 1.7 .40 1.9 Legally required benefits.................. 1.84 8.4 2.31 9.0 1.71 8.2 2.08 8.2 1.80 8.4 Social Security(4)....................... 1.33 6.0 1.50 5.9 1.29 6.1 1.48 5.8 1.31 6.1 OASDI.................................. 1.07 4.9 1.21 4.7 1.03 4.9 1.19 4.7 1.05 4.9 Medicare............................... .26 1.2 .29 1.1 .25 1.2 .29 1.1 .26 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 State unemployment insurance............. .10 .5 .12 .5 .09 .4 .11 .4 .09 .4 Workers' compensation.................... .38 1.7 .66 2.6 .30 1.4 .46 1.8 .37 1.7 Other benefits(5).......................... .03 .1 .06 .2 .02 .1 .09 .4 .02 .1 1 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 2 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. 3 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 6. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational group, September 2002 All workers White collar Blue collar Service Compensation component Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation............................. $22.01 100.0 $26.74 100.0 $20.59 100.0 $11.15 100.0 Wages and salaries........................... 16.00 72.7 19.71 73.7 14.26 69.3 8.54 76.6 Total benefits............................... 6.01 27.3 7.03 26.3 6.32 30.7 2.60 23.3 Paid leave................................. 1.45 6.6 1.99 7.4 1.15 5.6 .47 4.2 Vacation................................. .73 3.3 .99 3.7 .59 2.9 .22 2.0 Holiday.................................. .49 2.2 .67 2.5 .41 2.0 .15 1.3 Sick..................................... .17 .8 .25 .9 .10 .5 .07 .6 Other.................................... .06 .3 .08 .3 .05 .2 .02 .2 Supplemental pay........................... .60 2.7 .66 2.5 .75 3.6 .19 1.7 Premium(1)............................... .24 1.1 .13 .5 .52 2.5 .10 .9 Shift differentials...................... .06 .3 .06 .2 .07 .3 .04 .4 Nonproduction bonuses.................... .30 1.4 .47 1.8 .16 .8 .06 .5 Insurance.................................. 1.45 6.6 1.62 6.1 1.66 8.1 .62 5.6 Life..................................... .04 .2 .05 .2 .04 .2 (2) (3) Health................................... 1.34 6.1 1.47 5.5 1.55 7.5 .59 5.3 Short-term disability.................... .04 .2 .05 .2 .05 .2 (2) (3) Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .05 .2 .02 .1 (2) (3) Retirement and savings..................... .63 2.9 .76 2.8 .70 3.4 .17 1.5 Defined benefit.......................... .23 1.0 .17 .6 .41 2.0 .07 .6 Defined contribution..................... .41 1.9 .59 2.2 .30 1.5 .10 .9 Legally required benefits.................. 1.84 8.4 1.97 7.4 2.04 9.9 1.16 10.4 Social Security(4)....................... 1.33 6.0 1.60 6.0 1.22 5.9 .77 6.9 OASDI.................................. 1.07 4.9 1.28 4.8 .99 4.8 .63 5.7 Medicare............................... .26 1.2 .32 1.2 .23 1.1 .15 1.3 Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .04 .4 State unemployment insurance............. .10 .5 .09 .3 .11 .5 .08 .7 Workers' compensation.................... .38 1.7 .24 .9 .67 3.3 .27 2.4 Other benefits(5).......................... .03 .1 .04 .1 .03 .1 (2) (3) 1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 7. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by region and bargaining status, September 2002 Region(1) Bargaining status Compensation component Northeast South Midwest West Union Nonunion Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation..................... $25.20 100.0 $19.73 100.0 $21.62 100.0 $23.04 100.0 $30.06 100.0 $21.03 100.0 Wages and salaries................... 18.04 71.6 14.52 73.6 15.54 71.9 16.92 73.4 19.69 65.5 15.55 73.9 Total benefits....................... 7.16 28.4 5.21 26.4 6.08 28.1 6.12 26.6 10.37 34.5 5.48 26.1 Paid leave......................... 1.84 7.3 1.24 6.3 1.38 6.4 1.50 6.5 2.13 7.1 1.37 6.5 Vacation......................... .93 3.7 .62 3.1 .69 3.2 .75 3.3 1.10 3.7 .68 3.2 Holiday.......................... .62 2.5 .42 2.1 .48 2.2 .51 2.2 .69 2.3 .47 2.2 Sick............................. .22 .9 .15 .8 .14 .6 .19 .8 .24 .8 .16 .8 Other............................ .08 .3 .05 .3 .07 .3 .05 .2 .10 .3 .06 .3 Supplemental pay................... .75 3.0 .50 2.5 .71 3.3 .51 2.2 1.05 3.5 .55 2.6 Premium(2)....................... .22 .9 .22 1.1 .30 1.4 .24 1.0 .67 2.2 .19 .9 Shift differentials.............. .06 .2 .04 .2 .08 .4 .05 .2 .16 .5 .05 .2 Nonproduction bonuses............ .46 1.8 .23 1.2 .33 1.5 .23 1.0 .21 .7 .31 1.5 Insurance.......................... 1.70 6.7 1.28 6.5 1.52 7.0 1.40 6.1 2.90 9.6 1.27 6.0 Life............................. .05 .2 .04 .2 .04 .2 .04 .2 .07 .2 .04 .2 Health........................... 1.56 6.2 1.17 5.9 1.40 6.5 1.31 5.7 2.70 9.0 1.17 5.6 Short-term disability............ .06 .2 .04 .2 .05 .2 .03 .1 .08 .3 .03 .1 Long-term disability............. .03 .1 .03 .2 .04 .2 .03 .1 .05 .2 .03 .1 Retirement and savings............. .82 3.3 .51 2.6 .64 3.0 .65 2.8 1.68 5.6 .51 2.4 Defined benefit.................. .28 1.1 .16 .8 .28 1.3 .22 1.0 1.20 4.0 .11 .5 Defined contribution............. .54 2.1 .35 1.8 .36 1.7 .43 1.9 .49 1.6 .40 1.9 Legally required benefits.......... 2.02 8.0 1.65 8.4 1.79 8.3 2.04 8.9 2.54 8.4 1.76 8.4 Social Security(3)............... 1.48 5.9 1.22 6.2 1.31 6.1 1.41 6.1 1.67 5.6 1.29 6.1 OASDI.......................... 1.18 4.7 .98 5.0 1.05 4.9 1.13 4.9 1.35 4.5 1.04 4.9 Medicare....................... .30 1.2 .24 1.2 .26 1.2 .28 1.2 .32 1.1 .26 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance... .03 .1 .03 .2 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 State unemployment insurance..... .14 .6 .07 .4 .09 .4 .12 .5 .13 .4 .09 .4 Workers' compensation............ .36 1.4 .34 1.7 .36 1.7 .48 2.1 .71 2.4 .34 1.6 Other benefits(4).................. .04 .2 .03 .2 .04 .2 .02 .1 .08 .3 .02 .1 1 The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; and West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 2 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 3 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 4 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 8. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by establishment employment size, September 2002 All workers 1-99 workers 100 workers or 100-499 workers 500 workers or Compensation more more component Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Cost Percent Total compensation............................. $22.01 100.0 $18.80 100.0 $25.84 100.0 $22.32 100.0 $30.16 100.0 Wages and salaries........................... 16.00 72.7 14.09 74.9 18.28 70.7 16.04 71.9 21.04 69.8 Total benefits............................... 6.01 27.3 4.71 25.1 7.55 29.2 6.28 28.1 9.12 30.2 Paid leave................................. 1.45 6.6 1.07 5.7 1.91 7.4 1.46 6.5 2.45 8.1 Vacation................................. .73 3.3 .53 2.8 .95 3.7 .73 3.3 1.23 4.1 Holiday.................................. .49 2.2 .37 2.0 .64 2.5 .50 2.2 .81 2.7 Sick..................................... .17 .8 .13 .7 .22 .9 .16 .7 .29 1.0 Other.................................... .06 .3 .04 .2 .09 .3 .07 .3 .12 .4 Supplemental pay........................... .60 2.7 .45 2.4 .79 3.1 .68 3.0 .92 3.1 Premium(1)............................... .24 1.1 .19 1.0 .31 1.2 .29 1.3 .35 1.2 Shift differentials...................... .06 .3 (2) (3) .11 .4 .07 .3 .16 .5 Nonproduction bonuses.................... .30 1.4 .25 1.3 .36 1.4 .32 1.4 .41 1.4 Insurance.................................. 1.45 6.6 1.08 5.7 1.89 7.3 1.60 7.2 2.25 7.5 Life..................................... .04 .2 .03 .2 .06 .2 .04 .2 .07 .2 Health................................... 1.34 6.1 1.01 5.4 1.73 6.7 1.47 6.6 2.04 6.8 Short-term disability.................... .04 .2 .02 .1 .06 .2 .05 .2 .08 .3 Long-term disability..................... .03 .1 .02 .1 .05 .2 .04 .2 .06 .2 Retirement and savings..................... .63 2.9 .42 2.2 .89 3.4 .65 2.9 1.18 3.9 Defined benefit.......................... .23 1.0 .13 .7 .35 1.4 .24 1.1 .47 1.6 Defined contribution..................... .41 1.9 .29 1.5 .54 2.1 .41 1.8 .71 2.4 Legally required benefits.................. 1.84 8.4 1.69 9.0 2.03 7.9 1.85 8.3 2.23 7.4 Social Security(4)....................... 1.33 6.0 1.17 6.2 1.53 5.9 1.35 6.0 1.77 5.9 OASDI.................................. 1.07 4.9 .94 5.0 1.23 4.8 1.08 4.8 1.42 4.7 Medicare............................... .26 1.2 .23 1.2 .30 1.2 .26 1.2 .35 1.2 Federal unemployment insurance........... .03 .1 .03 .2 .03 .1 .03 .1 .03 .1 State unemployment insurance............. .10 .5 .09 .5 .10 .4 .11 .5 .09 .3 Workers' compensation.................... .38 1.7 .40 2.1 .36 1.4 .37 1.7 .35 1.2 Other benefits(5).......................... .03 .1 (2) (3) .06 .2 .03 .1 .08 .3 1 Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. 4 The total employer's cost for Social Security is comprised of an OASDI portion and a Medicare portion. OASDI is the acronym for Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance. 5 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 9. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by major occupational and industry group, and full-time and part-time status, September 2002 Benefit costs Total Wages Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other sation salaries Paid mental ment required bene- Total leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1) savings Cost per hour worked by year All full-time workers in private industry........... $24.94 $17.84 $7.09 $1.77 $0.73 $1.76 $0.78 $2.02 $0.04 White-collar occupations.......................... 29.90 21.76 8.14 2.37 .77 1.92 .91 2.13 .05 Sales........................................... 22.44 17.19 5.25 1.27 .48 1.32 .42 1.73 .02 Administrative support, including clerical...... 19.46 13.85 5.61 1.41 .42 1.73 .56 1.45 .03 Blue-collar occupations........................... 21.72 14.94 6.78 1.25 .82 1.79 .76 2.12 .03 Service occupations............................... 13.38 9.79 3.59 .74 .28 1.00 .28 1.28 (2) Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 25.98 17.79 8.19 1.70 1.10 2.10 .91 2.33 .07 Construction.................................... 25.92 18.24 7.68 .92 .96 1.71 1.25 2.83 (2) Manufacturing................................... 25.73 17.45 8.28 1.97 1.16 2.20 .75 2.10 .09 Service-producing industries(4)................... 24.53 17.87 6.67 1.80 .58 1.63 .73 1.90 .03 Transportation and public utilities............. 32.11 21.99 10.12 2.46 1.12 2.60 1.33 2.56 .05 Wholesale trade................................. 25.18 17.99 7.19 1.64 .83 1.94 .70 2.05 .04 Retail trade.................................... 15.53 12.00 3.53 .77 .24 .89 .22 1.40 (2) Finance, insurance, and real estate............. 30.92 21.71 9.21 2.34 1.31 2.16 1.23 2.06 .11 Services........................................ 24.97 18.44 6.53 1.98 .39 1.55 .70 1.90 (2) All part-time workers in private industry........... 12.21 9.83 2.38 .38 .18 .40 .16 1.25 (2) White-collar occupations.......................... 15.10 12.18 2.92 .57 .25 .49 .21 1.39 (2) Sales........................................... 9.27 7.65 1.62 .23 .10 .21 .10 .99 (2) Administrative support, including clerical...... 13.47 10.74 2.73 .53 .18 .62 .21 1.19 (2) Blue-collar occupations........................... 11.96 9.09 2.87 .35 .20 .64 .26 1.41 (2) Service occupations............................... 8.63 7.14 1.49 .15 .09 .19 .04 1.02 (2) Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 13.87 10.97 2.90 .40 .16 .41 .28 1.65 (2) Service-producing industries(4)................... 12.16 9.79 2.37 .38 .18 .40 .15 1.24 (2) Retail trade.................................... 8.53 7.04 1.50 .16 .08 .20 .08 .97 (2) Service industries.............................. 15.54 12.57 2.97 .57 .27 .49 .17 1.46 (2) Percent of total compensation All full-time workers in private industry........... 100.0 71.5 28.4 7.1 2.9 7.1 3.1 8.1 0.2 White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 72.8 27.2 7.9 2.6 6.4 3.0 7.1 .2 Sales........................................... 100.0 76.6 23.4 5.7 2.1 5.9 1.9 7.7 .1 Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 71.2 28.8 7.2 2.2 8.9 2.9 7.5 .2 Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 68.8 31.2 5.8 3.8 8.2 3.5 9.8 .1 Service occupations............................... 100.0 73.2 26.8 5.5 2.1 7.5 2.1 9.6 (5) Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 6.5 4.2 8.1 3.5 9.0 .3 Construction.................................... 100.0 70.4 29.6 3.5 3.7 6.6 4.8 10.9 (5) Manufacturing................................... 100.0 67.8 32.2 7.7 4.5 8.6 2.9 8.2 .3 Service-producing industries(4)................... 100.0 72.8 27.2 7.3 2.4 6.6 3.0 7.7 .1 Transportation and public utilities............. 100.0 68.5 31.5 7.7 3.5 8.1 4.1 8.0 .2 Wholesale trade................................. 100.0 71.4 28.6 6.5 3.3 7.7 2.8 8.1 .2 Retail trade.................................... 100.0 77.3 22.7 5.0 1.5 5.7 1.4 9.0 (5) Finance, insurance, and real estate............. 100.0 70.2 29.8 7.6 4.2 7.0 4.0 6.7 .4 Services........................................ 100.0 73.8 26.2 7.9 1.6 6.2 2.8 7.6 (5) All part-time workers in private industry........... 100.0 80.5 19.5 3.1 1.5 3.3 1.3 10.2 (5) White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 80.7 19.3 3.8 1.7 3.2 1.4 9.2 (5) Sales........................................... 100.0 82.5 17.5 2.5 1.1 2.3 1.1 10.7 (5) Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 79.7 20.3 3.9 1.3 4.6 1.6 8.8 (5) Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 76.0 24.0 2.9 1.7 5.4 2.2 11.8 (5) Service occupations............................... 100.0 82.7 17.3 1.7 1.0 2.2 .5 11.8 (5) Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 100.0 79.1 20.9 2.9 1.2 3.0 2.0 11.9 (5) Service-producing industries(4)................... 100.0 80.5 19.5 3.1 1.5 3.3 1.2 10.2 (5) Retail trade.................................... 100.0 82.5 17.6 1.9 .9 2.3 .9 11.4 (5) Service industries.............................. 100.0 80.9 19.1 3.7 1.7 3.2 1.1 9.4 (5) 1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. 5 Less than .05 percent. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 10. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by occupational and industry group, September 2002 Benefit costs Total Wages Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other sation salaries Paid mental ment required bene- Total leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1) savings Cost per hour worked by year All workers in private industry..................... $22.01 $16.00 $6.01 $1.45 $0.60 $1.45 $0.63 $1.84 $0.03 Occupational group White-collar occupations.......................... 26.74 19.71 7.03 1.99 .66 1.62 .76 1.97 .04 Professional specialty and technical............ 36.40 26.84 9.56 2.98 .75 2.04 1.13 2.62 .05 Professional specialty........................ 39.44 29.26 10.18 3.32 .77 2.05 1.20 2.79 .06 Technical..................................... 29.36 21.23 8.13 2.20 .69 2.03 .96 2.23 .02 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 42.83 31.01 11.82 3.58 1.62 2.23 1.40 2.91 .08 Sales........................................... 16.95 13.22 3.73 .83 .32 .86 .29 1.42 (2) Administrative support, including clerical...... 18.28 13.24 5.04 1.24 .37 1.51 .49 1.40 .03 Blue-collar occupations........................... 20.59 14.26 6.32 1.15 .75 1.66 .70 2.04 .03 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 26.53 18.47 8.06 1.56 .89 1.96 1.05 2.56 .04 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 18.67 12.51 6.16 1.21 .96 1.74 .49 1.71 .05 Transportation and material moving.............. 20.34 14.04 6.31 1.03 .67 1.67 .76 2.15 .03 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 14.75 10.51 4.24 .65 .44 1.19 .40 1.57 (2) Service occupations............................... 11.15 8.54 2.60 .47 .19 .62 .17 1.16 (2) Industry group Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 25.64 17.60 8.04 1.66 1.07 2.05 .89 2.31 .06 Construction.................................... 25.71 18.13 7.58 .90 .94 1.67 1.23 2.82 (2) Manufacturing................................... 25.33 17.22 8.11 1.92 1.13 2.15 .74 2.08 .09 Durables...................................... 26.57 17.98 8.59 2.05 1.20 2.28 .75 2.19 .12 Nondurables................................... 23.56 16.14 7.42 1.73 1.02 1.97 .72 1.94 .04 Service-producing industries(4)................... 20.98 15.55 5.43 1.39 .47 1.28 .56 1.71 .02 Transportation and public utilities............. 30.22 20.72 9.50 2.25 1.00 2.47 1.25 2.49 .04 Wholesale trade................................. 24.20 17.33 6.87 1.54 .79 1.83 .66 2.01 .04 Retail trade.................................... 12.03 9.52 2.51 .47 .16 .54 .15 1.19 (2) Finance, insurance, and real estate............. 28.96 20.45 8.51 2.14 1.19 1.99 1.12 1.97 .10 Services........................................ 22.53 16.93 5.61 1.61 .36 1.27 .56 1.79 (2) Percent of total compensation All workers in private industry..................... 100.0 72.7 27.3 6.6 2.7 6.6 2.9 8.4 0.1 Occupational group White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 73.7 26.3 7.4 2.5 6.1 2.8 7.4 .1 Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 73.7 26.3 8.2 2.1 5.6 3.1 7.2 .1 Professional specialty........................ 100.0 74.2 25.8 8.4 2.0 5.2 3.0 7.1 .2 Technical..................................... 100.0 72.3 27.7 7.5 2.4 6.9 3.3 7.6 .1 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 72.4 27.6 8.4 3.8 5.2 3.3 6.8 .2 Sales........................................... 100.0 78.0 22.0 4.9 1.9 5.1 1.7 8.4 (5) Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 72.4 27.6 6.8 2.0 8.3 2.7 7.7 .2 Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 69.3 30.7 5.6 3.6 8.1 3.4 9.9 .1 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 69.6 30.4 5.9 3.4 7.4 4.0 9.6 .2 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 100.0 67.0 33.0 6.5 5.1 9.3 2.6 9.2 .3 Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 69.0 31.0 5.1 3.3 8.2 3.7 10.6 .1 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 100.0 71.3 28.7 4.4 3.0 8.1 2.7 10.6 (5) Service occupations............................... 100.0 76.6 23.3 4.2 1.7 5.6 1.5 10.4 (5) Industry group Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 100.0 68.6 31.4 6.5 4.2 8.0 3.5 9.0 .2 Construction.................................... 100.0 70.5 29.5 3.5 3.7 6.5 4.8 11.0 (5) Manufacturing................................... 100.0 68.0 32.0 7.6 4.5 8.5 2.9 8.2 .4 Durables...................................... 100.0 67.7 32.3 7.7 4.5 8.6 2.8 8.2 .5 Nondurables................................... 100.0 68.5 31.5 7.3 4.3 8.4 3.1 8.2 .2 Service-producing industries(4)................... 100.0 74.1 25.9 6.6 2.2 6.1 2.7 8.2 .1 Transportation and public utilities............. 100.0 68.6 31.4 7.4 3.3 8.2 4.1 8.2 .1 Wholesale trade................................. 100.0 71.6 28.4 6.4 3.3 7.6 2.7 8.3 .2 Retail trade.................................... 100.0 79.1 20.9 3.9 1.3 4.5 1.2 9.9 (5) Finance, insurance, and real estate............. 100.0 70.6 29.4 7.4 4.1 6.9 3.9 6.8 .3 Services........................................ 100.0 75.1 24.9 7.1 1.6 5.6 2.5 7.9 (5) 1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. 5 Less than .05 percent. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 11. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry goods-producing and service-producing workers, by occupational group, September 2002 Benefit costs Total Wages Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other sation salaries Paid mental ment required bene- Total leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1) savings Cost per hour worked by year All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......... $25.64 $17.60 $8.04 $1.66 $1.07 $2.05 $0.89 $2.31 $0.06 White-collar occupations.......................... 34.56 24.28 10.27 2.81 1.36 2.45 1.03 2.50 .12 Professional specialty and technical............ 38.65 27.01 11.65 3.53 1.06 2.86 1.24 2.76 .19 Professional specialty........................ 44.08 31.03 13.05 4.18 1.01 2.98 1.51 3.09 .28 Technical..................................... 30.09 20.66 9.43 2.51 1.14 2.68 .80 2.24 .06 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 47.38 33.11 14.28 3.82 2.89 2.68 1.40 3.38 .10 Administrative support, including clerical...... 21.11 14.65 6.45 1.55 .70 2.01 .56 1.61 .03 Blue-collar occupations........................... 22.51 15.26 7.26 1.25 .96 1.91 .85 2.25 .04 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 27.22 18.69 8.53 1.42 .96 2.11 1.22 2.78 .05 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 20.19 13.26 6.94 1.38 1.12 1.98 .58 1.82 .06 Transportation and material moving.............. 24.36 16.13 8.23 1.23 1.14 2.19 1.01 2.62 .05 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 16.29 11.46 4.82 .67 .58 1.26 .50 1.81 (3) Service occupations............................... 19.37 12.63 6.73 1.16 1.81 1.70 .42 1.58 .05 All workers, service-producing industries(4)........ 20.98 15.55 5.43 1.39 .47 1.28 .56 1.71 .02 White-collar occupations.......................... 25.74 19.12 6.61 1.88 .57 1.51 .72 1.91 .03 Professional specialty and technical............ 36.02 26.81 9.21 2.89 .69 1.90 1.11 2.60 .02 Professional specialty........................ 38.77 29.00 9.77 3.20 .74 1.91 1.15 2.75 .03 Technical..................................... 29.19 21.35 7.83 2.13 .59 1.88 .99 2.23 .02 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 41.80 30.53 11.27 3.52 1.33 2.13 1.40 2.80 .08 Sales........................................... 16.45 12.83 3.63 .81 .32 .83 .27 1.40 (3) Administrative support, including clerical...... 17.91 13.05 4.86 1.20 .33 1.45 .48 1.37 .02 Blue-collar occupations........................... 18.52 13.19 5.32 1.04 .52 1.39 .55 1.81 .02 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 25.48 18.14 7.34 1.76 .79 1.73 .81 2.23 .02 Transportation and material moving.............. 19.25 13.47 5.79 .97 .54 1.53 .69 2.03 .03 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 13.84 9.95 3.89 .63 .35 1.14 .33 1.42 (3) Service occupations............................... 11.03 8.48 2.54 .46 .17 .60 .16 1.15 (3) Percent of total compensation All workers, goods-producing industries(2).......... 100.0 68.6 31.4 6.5 4.2 8.0 3.5 9.0 0.2 White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 8.1 3.9 7.1 3.0 7.2 .3 Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 69.9 30.1 9.1 2.7 7.4 3.2 7.1 .5 Professional specialty........................ 100.0 70.4 29.6 9.5 2.3 6.8 3.4 7.0 .6 Technical..................................... 100.0 68.7 31.3 8.3 3.8 8.9 2.7 7.4 .2 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 69.9 30.1 8.1 6.1 5.7 3.0 7.1 .2 Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 69.4 30.6 7.3 3.3 9.5 2.7 7.6 .1 Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 67.8 32.3 5.6 4.3 8.5 3.8 10.0 .2 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 68.7 31.3 5.2 3.5 7.8 4.5 10.2 .2 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 100.0 65.7 34.4 6.8 5.5 9.8 2.9 9.0 .3 Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 66.2 33.8 5.0 4.7 9.0 4.1 10.8 .2 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 100.0 70.3 29.6 4.1 3.6 7.7 3.1 11.1 (5) Service occupations............................... 100.0 65.2 34.7 6.0 9.3 8.8 2.2 8.2 .3 All workers, service-producing industries(4)........ 100.0 74.1 25.9 6.6 2.2 6.1 2.7 8.2 .1 White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 74.3 25.7 7.3 2.2 5.9 2.8 7.4 .1 Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 74.4 25.6 8.0 1.9 5.3 3.1 7.2 .1 Professional specialty........................ 100.0 74.8 25.2 8.3 1.9 4.9 3.0 7.1 .1 Technical..................................... 100.0 73.1 26.8 7.3 2.0 6.4 3.4 7.6 .1 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 73.0 27.0 8.4 3.2 5.1 3.3 6.7 .2 Sales........................................... 100.0 78.0 22.1 4.9 1.9 5.0 1.6 8.5 (5) Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 72.9 27.1 6.7 1.8 8.1 2.7 7.6 .1 Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 71.2 28.7 5.6 2.8 7.5 3.0 9.8 .1 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 71.2 28.8 6.9 3.1 6.8 3.2 8.8 .1 Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 70.0 30.1 5.0 2.8 7.9 3.6 10.5 .2 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 100.0 71.9 28.1 4.6 2.5 8.2 2.4 10.3 (5) Service occupations............................... 100.0 76.9 23.0 4.2 1.5 5.4 1.5 10.4 (5) 1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 3 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 4 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. 5 Less than .05 percent. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 12. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry manufacturing and nonmanufacturing workers, by occupational group, September 2002 Benefit costs Total Wages Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other sation salaries Paid mental ment required bene- Total leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1) savings Cost per hour worked by year All workers, manufacturing industries............... $25.33 $17.22 $8.11 $1.92 $1.13 $2.15 $0.74 $2.08 $0.09 White-collar occupations.......................... 35.10 24.67 10.44 3.03 1.23 2.54 1.02 2.47 .15 Professional specialty and technical............ 39.12 27.30 11.83 3.66 1.05 2.87 1.25 2.78 .22 Professional specialty........................ 43.60 30.73 12.87 4.18 .94 2.93 1.44 3.08 .30 Technical..................................... 31.04 21.11 9.94 2.72 1.25 2.76 .90 2.25 .07 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 49.80 35.23 14.56 4.40 2.58 2.82 1.35 3.27 .14 Administrative support, including clerical...... 21.38 14.68 6.70 1.65 .73 2.12 .54 1.63 .04 Blue-collar occupations........................... 21.21 14.10 7.12 1.46 1.06 1.99 .62 1.93 .06 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 26.50 17.73 8.77 1.97 1.24 2.27 .84 2.36 .09 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 20.14 13.20 6.94 1.38 1.12 2.00 .58 1.80 .06 Transportation and material moving.............. 21.81 14.63 7.18 1.37 .99 1.92 .61 2.21 .08 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 15.85 10.85 4.99 .89 .62 1.51 .42 1.54 (2) Service occupations............................... 20.45 13.09 7.36 1.30 2.04 1.89 .48 1.59 .06 All workers, nonmanufacturing industries............ 21.41 15.78 5.63 1.36 .51 1.32 .62 1.80 .02 White-collar occupations.......................... 25.92 19.22 6.69 1.88 .60 1.53 .73 1.92 .03 Professional specialty and technical............ 36.00 26.77 9.24 2.88 .70 1.92 1.11 2.60 .02 Professional specialty........................ 38.89 29.06 9.83 3.21 .75 1.93 1.17 2.75 .03 Technical..................................... 29.06 21.25 7.81 2.11 .60 1.90 .97 2.22 .02 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 41.85 30.41 11.44 3.46 1.48 2.15 1.41 2.85 .07 Sales........................................... 16.55 12.91 3.64 .81 .32 .84 .27 1.40 (2) Administrative support, including clerical...... 17.97 13.09 4.88 1.20 .34 1.45 .48 1.38 .02 Blue-collar occupations........................... 20.26 14.35 5.91 .99 .59 1.49 .74 2.09 .02 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 26.54 18.74 7.81 1.41 .77 1.85 1.13 2.64 .02 Transportation and material moving.............. 20.14 13.95 6.19 .98 .62 1.64 .78 2.15 .03 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 14.46 10.42 4.04 .58 .39 1.10 .39 1.57 (2) Service occupations............................... 11.03 8.49 2.54 .46 .17 .60 .16 1.15 (2) Percent of total compensation All workers, manufacturing industries............... 100.0 68.0 32.0 7.6 4.5 8.5 2.9 8.2 0.4 White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 70.3 29.7 8.6 3.5 7.2 2.9 7.0 .4 Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 69.8 30.2 9.4 2.7 7.3 3.2 7.1 .6 Professional specialty........................ 100.0 70.5 29.5 9.6 2.2 6.7 3.3 7.1 .7 Technical..................................... 100.0 68.0 32.0 8.8 4.0 8.9 2.9 7.2 .2 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 70.7 29.2 8.8 5.2 5.7 2.7 6.6 .3 Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 68.7 31.3 7.7 3.4 9.9 2.5 7.6 .2 Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 66.5 33.6 6.9 5.0 9.4 2.9 9.1 .3 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 66.9 33.1 7.4 4.7 8.6 3.2 8.9 .3 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 100.0 65.5 34.5 6.9 5.6 9.9 2.9 8.9 .3 Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 67.1 32.9 6.3 4.5 8.8 2.8 10.1 .4 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 100.0 68.5 31.5 5.6 3.9 9.5 2.6 9.7 (3) Service occupations............................... 100.0 64.0 36.0 6.4 10.0 9.2 2.3 7.8 .3 All workers, nonmanufacturing industries............ 100.0 73.7 26.3 6.4 2.4 6.2 2.9 8.4 .1 White-collar occupations.......................... 100.0 74.2 25.8 7.3 2.3 5.9 2.8 7.4 .1 Professional specialty and technical............ 100.0 74.4 25.7 8.0 1.9 5.3 3.1 7.2 .1 Professional specialty........................ 100.0 74.7 25.3 8.3 1.9 5.0 3.0 7.1 .1 Technical..................................... 100.0 73.1 26.9 7.3 2.1 6.5 3.3 7.6 .1 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 100.0 72.7 27.3 8.3 3.5 5.1 3.4 6.8 .2 Sales........................................... 100.0 78.0 22.0 4.9 1.9 5.1 1.6 8.5 (3) Administrative support, including clerical...... 100.0 72.8 27.2 6.7 1.9 8.1 2.7 7.7 .1 Blue-collar occupations........................... 100.0 70.8 29.2 4.9 2.9 7.4 3.7 10.3 .1 Precision production, craft, and repair......... 100.0 70.6 29.4 5.3 2.9 7.0 4.3 9.9 .1 Transportation and material moving.............. 100.0 69.3 30.7 4.9 3.1 8.1 3.9 10.7 .1 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers........................................ 100.0 72.1 27.9 4.0 2.7 7.6 2.7 10.9 (3) Service occupations............................... 100.0 77.0 23.0 4.2 1.5 5.4 1.5 10.4 (3) 1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 2 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 3 Less than .05 percent. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 13. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by bargaining status, and major industry and occupational group, September 2002 Benefit costs Total Wages Series compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other sation salaries Paid mental ment required bene- Total leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1) savings Cost per hour worked by year All union workers, private industry................. $30.06 $19.69 $10.37 $2.13 $1.05 $2.90 $1.68 $2.54 $0.08 Blue-collar occupations......................... 30.22 19.19 11.03 2.02 1.21 3.06 1.90 2.73 .10 Goods-producing industries(2)..................... 31.78 20.02 11.76 2.02 1.58 3.18 2.03 2.83 .13 Service-producing industries(3)................... 28.80 19.45 9.35 2.21 .66 2.69 1.43 2.33 .04 Manufacturing..................................... 28.36 18.08 10.28 2.29 1.61 2.83 1.04 2.35 .16 Blue-collar occupations......................... 27.84 17.59 10.25 2.25 1.63 2.81 1.04 2.36 .16 Nonmanufacturing.................................. 30.79 20.38 10.41 2.06 .81 2.93 1.95 2.62 .04 All nonunion workers, private industry.............. 21.03 15.55 5.48 1.37 .55 1.27 .51 1.76 .02 Blue-collar occupations......................... 17.82 12.85 4.97 .90 .62 1.25 .36 1.84 (4) Goods-producing industries(2)..................... 24.03 16.96 7.07 1.56 .94 1.75 .59 2.17 .05 Service-producing industries(3)................... 20.30 15.21 5.09 1.32 .45 1.16 .49 1.66 .02 Manufacturing..................................... 24.52 17.00 7.53 1.82 1.00 1.97 .66 2.01 .07 Blue-collar occupations......................... 18.70 12.77 5.93 1.15 .85 1.67 .47 1.77 .02 Nonmanufacturing.................................. 20.48 15.33 5.16 1.30 .48 1.16 .48 1.72 .02 Percent of total compensation All union workers, private industry................. 100.0 65.5 34.5 7.1 3.5 9.6 5.6 8.4 0.3 Blue-collar occupations......................... 100.0 63.5 36.5 6.7 4.0 10.1 6.3 9.0 .3 Goods-producing industries(2)..................... 100.0 63.0 37.0 6.4 5.0 10.0 6.4 8.9 .4 Service-producing industries(3)................... 100.0 67.5 32.5 7.7 2.3 9.3 5.0 8.1 .1 Manufacturing..................................... 100.0 63.8 36.2 8.1 5.7 10.0 3.7 8.3 .6 Blue-collar occupations......................... 100.0 63.2 36.8 8.1 5.9 10.1 3.7 8.5 .6 Nonmanufacturing.................................. 100.0 66.2 33.8 6.7 2.6 9.5 6.3 8.5 .1 All nonunion workers, private industry.............. 100.0 73.9 26.1 6.5 2.6 6.0 2.4 8.4 .1 Blue-collar occupations......................... 100.0 72.1 27.9 5.1 3.5 7.0 2.0 10.3 (5) Goods-producing industries(2)..................... 100.0 70.6 29.4 6.5 3.9 7.3 2.5 9.0 .2 Service-producing industries(3)................... 100.0 74.9 25.1 6.5 2.2 5.7 2.4 8.2 .1 Manufacturing..................................... 100.0 69.3 30.7 7.4 4.1 8.0 2.7 8.2 .3 Blue-collar occupations......................... 100.0 68.3 31.7 6.1 4.5 8.9 2.5 9.5 .1 Nonmanufacturing.................................. 100.0 74.9 25.2 6.3 2.3 5.7 2.3 8.4 .1 1 Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 2 Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 3 Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries. 4 Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5 Less than .05 percent. Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. Table 14. Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation and costs as a percent of total compensation: Private industry workers, by establishment employment size, and major industry and occupational group, September 2002 Benefit costs Industry and occupational group, Total Wages and employment size compen- and Supple- Retire- Legally Other sation salaries Paid mental ment required bene- Total leave pay Insurance and benefits fits(1) savings Cost per hour worked by year All workers in private industry..................... $22.01 $16.00 $6.01 $1.45 $0.60 $1.45 $0.63 $1.84 $0.03 1-99 workers...................................... 18.80 14.09 4.71 1.07 .45 1.08 .42 1.69 (2) 100 or more workers............................... 25.84 18.28 7.55 1.91 .79 1.89 .89 2.03 .06 100-499 workers................................. 22.32 16.04 6.28 1.46 .68 1.60 .65 1.85 .03 500 or more workers............................. 30.16 21.04 9.12 2.45 .92 2.25 1.18 2.23 .08 Goods-producing industries(3)..................... 25.64 17.60 8.04 1.66 1.07 2.05 .89 2.31 .06 1-99 workers.................................... 21.88 15.51 6.38 1.03 .80 1.56 .67 2.30 (2) 100 or more workers............................. 28.69 19.29 9.39 2.17 1.29 2.45 1.07 2.31 .11 100-499 workers............................... 24.49 16.57 7.92 1.56 1.17 2.17 .85 2.12 .05 500 or more workers........................... 33.67 22.52 11.15 2.89 1.44 2.77 1.32 2.55 .18 Service-producing industries(4)................... 20.98 15.55 5.43 1.39 .47 1.28 .56 1.71 .02 1-99 workers.................................... 18.11 13.77 4.34 1.08 .37 .97 .36 1.56 (2) 100 or more workers............................. 24.79 17.91 6.88 1.81 .60 1.69 .82 1.92 .04 100-499 workers............................... 21.55 15.86 5.70 1.43 .51 1.39 .58 1.76 .03 500 or more workers........................... 28.84 20.48 8.36 2.28 .73 2.06 1.13 2.12 .05 White-collar occupations.......................... 26.74 19.71 7.03 1.99 .66 1.62 .76 1.97 .04 1-99 workers.................................... 22.81 17.26 5.55 1.54 .51 1.24 .51 1.74 (2) 100 or more workers............................. 30.81 22.25 8.56 2.45 .81 2.01 1.02 2.21 .07 100-499 workers............................... 26.57 19.49 7.08 1.92 .69 1.68 .74 1.99 .05 500 or more workers........................... 35.29 25.15 10.14 3.00 .94 2.34 1.31 2.44 .09 Blue-collar occupations........................... 20.59 14.26 6.32 1.15 .75 1.66 .70 2.04 .03 1-99 workers.................................... 18.73 13.45 5.28 .87 .57 1.31 .51 2.02 (2) 100 or more workers............................. 22.89 15.27 7.62 1.49 .97 2.09 .94 2.06 .06 100-499 workers............................... 20.50 13.99 6.51 1.16 .82 1.83 .73 1.94 .03 500 or more workers........................... 26.58 17.25 9.33 2.01 1.21 2.49 1.26 2.24 .11 Percent of total compensation All workers in private in