TEXT Table 1. CIVILIAN WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total Table 2. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total Table 3. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs Table 4. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs Table 5. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY REGION AND UNION STATUS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a Table 6. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and Table 7. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs Table 8. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as Table 9. PRIVATE GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a Table 10. PRIVATE SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for meployee compensation, and costs as a Table 11. PRIVATE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent Table 12. PRIVATE NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as Table 13. PRIVATE INDUSTRY UNION WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent Table 14. PRIVATE INDUSTRY NONUNION WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a Table 15. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs Table 16. AEROSPACE INDUSTRY: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total Technical contact: USDL: 93-220 Brenda Rogers (202) 606-6199 Media contact: FOR RELEASE: Immediate Kathryn Hoyle (202) 606-5902 Friday, June 18, 1993 EMPLOYER COSTS FOR EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION - MARCH 1993 Employer costs for employee compensation in the U.S. economy (private industry and state and local governments) averaged $17.88 per hour worked in March 1993, the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Straight-time wages and salaries (70.9 percent of the costs) averaged $12.68 an hour, while benefit costs (the remaining 29.1 percent) averaged $5.20. Legally required benefits (e.g., social security, workers' compensation, unemployment insurance) averaged $1.53 per hour worked-- the largest cost to employers among the benefit categories. Legally required benefits accounted for 8.6 percent of total compensation costs and nearly one-third of all benefit costs. (See table 1.) Other important benefit categories and their average costs per hour worked were: Insurance ($1.32), paid leave ($1.22), retirement and savings (70 cents), and supplemental pay (39 cents), which includes premium pay for overtime, shift pay, nonproduction bonuses, and lump-sum payments provided in lieu of wage increases. Private industry In private industry, March 1993 employer compensation costs averaged $16.70 per hour worked, straight-time wages and salaries $11.90 per hour, and benefit costs $4.80 per hour. (See table 3.) Compensation costs varied widely by industry and occupational group, union status, establishment employment size, and geographic region. Highlights for private industry follow: Compensation costs averaged more for workers in goods-producing industries ($20.22 per hour worked) than for those in service-producing industries ($15.51). (See table 7.) In goods-producing industries, compensation cost levels ranged from $17.75 in nondurable goods manufacturing to $21.88 in durable goods manufacturing. Among service- producing industries, compensation costs ranged from $9.28 in retail trade to $24.07 in transportation and public utilities. Among occupational categories, average compensation costs were higher for white-collar occupations ($19.67) than for blue-collar occupations ($16.43) and service occupations ($8.54). (See table 8.) The level of compensation varied considerably, however, by occupational group within the blue-collar and white-collar categories. Benefits in private industry made up a larger proportion of compensation costs for blue-collar occupations (33.0 percent) than for white-collar occupations (27.2 percent) and service occupations (24.1 percent). (See table 4.) In goods-producing industries, benefits made up 34.9 percent of compensation costs for blue-collar occupations, compared with 29.9 percent for white-collar occupations. The corresponding proportions in service-producing industries were 30.2 percent and 26.6 percent. (See tables 9 and 10.) March 1993 compensation costs averaged more for union workers ($21.86) in private industry than for nonunion workers ($15.76). (See tables 13 and 14.) In addition, benefits made up a larger proportion of compensation costs for union workers (36.0 percent) than for nonunion workers (26.9 percent). Union and nonunion cost levels reflect a variety of influences, including coverage by a collective bargaining agreement and variation in distribution of union and nonunion workers among occupations, industries, and establishment size groups. Compensation costs in private industry increased with establishment employment size. (See table 6.) They averaged $14.56 per hour worked in establishments of under 100 employees, $15.21 in establishments of 100 to 499 employees, and $21.92 in establishments of 500 or more employees. Compensation costs by region ranged from $14.81 in the South to $19.44 in the Northeast. The proportion of compensation costs made up of benefits ranged from 27.5 percent in the South to 30.4 percent in the Midwest. (See table 5.) State and local governments In state and local governments, March 1993 employer costs averaged $24.44 per hour worked, straight-time wages and salaries $17.00, and benefit costs $7.44. (See table 2.) Compensation costs varied widely by type of work activity and occupational group. Highlights for state and local governments follow: Among work activities, average compensation costs were higher per hour worked in services (e.g., health and educational services) compared with public administration ($26.02 and $21.35, respectively). Those two categories account for most state and local government employment. Compensation costs in state and local governments averaged more for white-collar occupations ($27.67) than for blue-collar ($18.78) and service occupations ($17.04) . Service occupations include police and firefighters, as well as janitors, cooks, and nursing aides. The relative importance of March 1993 employer costs for employee benefits also varied among occupational categories. Benefits accounted for 28.7 percent of compensation costs for white-collar occupations, compared with 35.4 percent for blue-collar and 36.5 percent for service occupations. Note Aggregate compensation cost levels in state and local governments should not be compared directly with those in private industry. Differences between the two sectors stem from a number of factors, particularly the variation in work activities and occupational structures. Manufacturing and sales, for example, make up a large part of private industry work activities but are rarely found in state and local governments. White-collar occupations account for two-thirds of the state and local government workforce (largely professional occupations including teachers), compared with one-half in private industry. Differences in compensation cost levels for private industry and state and local governments are reduced as comparisons move from broad worker categories (such as white-collar workers) to more specific occupational groups (such as administrative support including clerical). Occupational categories in some cases contain a substantially different mix of occupations in private industry than in state and local governments. Service occupations in state and local governments (including police and firefighters) had compensation costs that averaged nearly twice as much as those in private industry (where occupations such as waiters and waitresses, cooks, bartenders, and janitors were prevalent)--$17.04 an hour compared with $8.54. An article examining in more detail differences in compensation levels between private industry and state and local governments, "Cost of Employee Compensation in Public and Private Sectors," is in the May 1993 issue of the Bureau publication, Monthly Labor Review. The March 1993 levels of employer costs for employee compensation shown in this release were calculated using March 1993 employment patterns. Therefore, changes in cost levels over time reflect both changing rates of compensation and changes in relative employment among occupations and industries with different rates of compensation. A measure of the change in rates of compensation that is not influenced by employment shifts among occupations and industries is provided by the Employment Cost Index (ECI), which is published quarterly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Table 1. CIVILIAN WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1993 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs -------------------------------------------------------------- Series | Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retire- |Legally | Other |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- |ment and|required| bene- | sation |salaries| Total | leave | pay | ance |savings |benefits|fits1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | Civilian workers.................................| $17.88 | $12.68 | $5.20 | $1.22 | $0.39 | $1.32 | $0.70 | $1.53 | $0.04 | | | | | | | | | Occupational group: | | | | | | | | | White-collar occupations......................| 21.23 | 15.38 | 5.86 | 1.55 | .38 | 1.48 | .87 | 1.54 | .04 Professional specialty and technical........| 29.33 | 21.41 | 7.92 | 2.05 | .42 | 1.94 | 1.51 | 1.96 | .04 Executive, administrative, and managerial...| 30.48 | 21.98 | 8.50 | 2.65 | .67 | 1.76 | 1.19 | 2.13 | .10 Administrative support including clerical...| 14.36 | 10.05 | 4.31 | 1.08 | .25 | 1.35 | .50 | 1.12 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar occupations.......................| 16.58 | 11.08 | 5.50 | 1.02 | .55 | 1.42 | .61 | 1.84 | .06 | | | | | | | | | Service occupations...........................| 10.04 | 7.25 | 2.79 | .58 | .17 | .69 | .35 | 1.00 | * | | | | | | | | | Industry group: | | | | | | | | | Services.......................................| 18.91 | 13.80 | 5.11 | 1.26 | .27 | 1.29 | .83 | 1.43 | .02 Health services.............................| 17.55 | 12.66 | 4.88 | 1.36 | .44 | 1.16 | .49 | 1.42 | * Hospitals.................................| 19.74 | 13.83 | 5.91 | 1.69 | .60 | 1.54 | .56 | 1.51 | * Educational services........................| 26.87 | 19.56 | 7.32 | 1.63 | .08 | 2.09 | 1.95 | 1.53 | .03 Elementary and secondary education........| 27.24 | 19.78 | 7.46 | 1.54 | .08 | 2.25 | 2.09 | 1.47 | .04 Higher education..........................| 27.39 | 20.02 | 7.37 | 1.86 | .10 | 1.91 | 1.81 | 1.68 | * | | | | | | | | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | Civilian workers.................................| 100.0 | 70.9 | 29.1 | 6.8 | 2.2 | 7.4 | 3.9 | 8.6 | 0.2 | | | | | | | | | Occupational group: | | | | | | | | | White-collar occupations......................| 100.0 | 72.4 | 27.6 | 7.3 | 1.8 | 7.0 | 4.1 | 7.3 | .2 Professional specialty and technical........| 100.0 | 73.0 | 27.0 | 7.0 | 1.4 | 6.6 | 5.1 | 6.7 | .1 Executive, administrative, and managerial...| 100.0 | 72.1 | 27.9 | 8.7 | 2.2 | 5.8 | 3.9 | 7.0 | .3 Administrative support including clerical...| 100.0 | 70.0 | 30.0 | 7.5 | 1.7 | 9.4 | 3.4 | 7.8 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar occupations.......................| 100.0 | 66.8 | 33.2 | 6.1 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 3.7 | 11.1 | .4 | | | | | | | | | Service occupations...........................| 100.0 | 72.2 | 27.8 | 5.8 | 1.7 | 6.8 | 3.5 | 10.0 | * | | | | | | | | | Industry group: | | | | | | | | | Services.......................................| 100.0 | 73.0 | 27.0 | 6.7 | 1.4 | 6.8 | 4.4 | 7.6 | .1 Health services.............................| 100.0 | 72.2 | 27.8 | 7.8 | 2.5 | 6.6 | 2.8 | 8.1 | * Hospitals.................................| 100.0 | 70.0 | 30.0 | 8.6 | 3.0 | 7.8 | 2.8 | 7.7 | * Educational services........................| 100.0 | 72.8 | 27.2 | 6.1 | .3 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 5.7 | .1 Elementary and secondary education........| 100.0 | 72.6 | 27.4 | 5.7 | .3 | 8.3 | 7.7 | 5.4 | .1 Higher education..........................| 100.0 | 73.1 | 26.9 | 6.8 | .4 | 7.0 | 6.6 | 6.2 | * ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. benefits. Table 2. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1993 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs -------------------------------------------------------------- Series | Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retire- |Legally | Other |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- |ment and|required| bene- | sation |salaries| Total | leave | pay | ance |savings |benefits|fits1/ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | State and local government workers...............| $24.44 | $17.00 | $7.44 | $1.86 | $0.21 | $2.02 | $1.87 | $1.44 | $0.03 | | | | | | | | | Occupational group: | | | | | | | | | White-collar occupations......................| 27.67 | 19.72 | 7.95 | 1.98 | .14 | 2.17 | 2.08 | 1.55 | .03 Professional specialty and technical........| 32.91 | 24.07 | 8.83 | 1.95 | .16 | 2.37 | 2.54 | 1.77 | .04 Teachers..................................| 36.02 | 26.87 | 9.15 | 1.72 | .09 | 2.55 | 2.91 | 1.84 | .04 Executive, administrative, and managerial...| 30.66 | 21.26 | 9.39 | 3.07 | .15 | 2.02 | 2.35 | 1.80 | .02 Administrative support including clerical...| 15.59 | 10.18 | 5.41 | 1.44 | .09 | 1.85 | 1.01 | .99 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar occupations.......................| 18.78 | 12.13 | 6.65 | 1.71 | .35 | 1.84 | 1.32 | 1.42 | * | | | | | | | | | Service occupations...........................| 17.04 | 10.83 | 6.21 | 1.58 | .37 | 1.65 | 1.50 | 1.09 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Industry group: | | | | | | | | | Services.......................................| 26.02 | 18.58 | 7.44 | 1.74 | .16 | 2.12 | 1.95 | 1.45 | .03 Health services.............................| 19.31 | 12.91 | 6.41 | 1.97 | .50 | 1.56 | 1.02 | 1.33 | .02 Hospitals.................................| 19.60 | 13.20 | 6.40 | 2.01 | .49 | 1.53 | 1.02 | 1.34 | .02 Educational services........................| 27.68 | 20.00 | 7.68 | 1.69 | .09 | 2.24 | 2.15 | 1.49 | .03 Elementary and secondary education........| 27.88 | 20.18 | 7.70 | 1.59 | .08 | 2.32 | 2.21 | 1.46 | .04 Higher education..........................| 28.13 | 20.29 | 7.84 | 1.97 | .12 | 2.07 | 2.06 | 1.61 | * Public administration.........................| 21.35 | 14.02 | 7.33 | 2.10 | .28 | 1.79 | 1.80 | 1.32 | .03 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State and local government workers...............| 100.0%| 69.6%| 30.4%| 7.6%| 0.9%| 8.3%| 7.6%| 5.9%| 0.1% | | | | | | | | | Occupational group: | | | | | | | | | White-collar occupations......................| 100.0 | 71.3 | 28.7 | 7.1 | .5 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 5.6 | .1 Professional specialty and technical........| 100.0 | 73.2 | 26.8 | 5.9 | .5 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 5.4 | .1 Teachers..................................| 100.0 | 74.6 | 25.4 | 4.8 | .2 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 5.1 | .1 Executive, administrative, and managerial...| 100.0 | 69.4 | 30.6 | 10.0 | .5 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 5.9 | .1 Administrative support including clerical...| 100.0 | 65.3 | 34.7 | 9.3 | .6 | 11.9 | 6.5 | 6.3 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar occupations.......................| 100.0 | 64.6 | 35.4 | 9.1 | 1.9 | 9.8 | 7.0 | 7.6 | * | | | | | | | | | Service occupations...........................| 100.0 | 63.5 | 36.5 | 9.3 | 2.2 | 9.7 | 8.8 | 6.4 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Industry group: | | | | | | | | | Services.......................................| 100.0 | 71.4 | 28.6 | 6.7 | .6 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 5.6 | .1 Health services.............................| 100.0 | 66.8 | 33.2 | 10.2 | 2.6 | 8.1 | 5.3 | 6.9 | .1 Hospitals.................................| 100.0 | 67.3 | 32.7 | 10.2 | 2.5 | 7.8 | 5.2 | 6.8 | .1 Educational services........................| 100.0 | 72.2 | 27.8 | 6.1 | .3 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 5.4 | .1 Elementary and secondary education........| 100.0 | 72.4 | 27.6 | 5.7 | .3 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 5.3 | .1 Higher education..........................| 100.0 | 72.1 | 27.9 | 7.0 | .4 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 5.7 | * Public administration.........................| 100.0 | 65.7 | 34.3 | 9.8 | 1.3 | 8.4 | 8.4 | 6.2 | .1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. benefits. Table 3. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1993 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | All workers in | Goods-producing |Service-producing| Manufacturing |Nonmanufacturing Compensation |private industry | industries 1/ | industries 2/ | industries | industries component ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- | Cost |Percent | Cost |Percent | Cost |Percent | Cost |Percent | Cost |Percent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | | Total compensation................| $16.70 | 100.0%| $20.22 | 100.0%| $15.51 | 100.0%| $20.09 | 100.0%| $15.85 | 100.0% | | | | | | | | | | Wages and salaries...............| 11.90 | 71.3 | 13.54 | 67.0 | 11.34 | 73.1 | 13.35 | 66.4 | 11.54 | 72.8 | | | | | | | | | | Total benefits...................| 4.80 | 28.7 | 6.67 | 33.0 | 4.17 | 26.9 | 6.74 | 33.6 | 4.31 | 27.2 | | | | | | | | | | Paid Leave......................| 1.11 | 6.6 | 1.38 | 6.8 | 1.01 | 6.5 | 1.52 | 7.6 | 1.00 | 6.3 Vacations......................| .54 | 3.2 | .72 | 3.5 | .48 | 3.1 | .78 | 3.9 | .48 | 3.0 Holidays.......................| .38 | 2.3 | .50 | 2.5 | .34 | 2.2 | .56 | 2.8 | .33 | 2.1 Sick leave.....................| .14 | .8 | .11 | .6 | .15 | 1.0 | .13 | .6 | .14 | .9 Other leave....................| .05 | .3 | .05 | .3 | .05 | .3 | .06 | .3 | .05 | .3 | | | | | | | | | | Supplemental pay................| .42 | 2.5 | .67 | 3.3 | .34 | 2.2 | .71 | 3.5 | .35 | 2.2 Premium pay....................| .19 | 1.1 | .39 | 1.9 | .12 | .8 | .39 | 1.9 | .14 | .9 Shift pay......................| .05 | .3 | .08 | .4 | .04 | .3 | .10 | .5 | .04 | .3 Nonproduction bonuses..........| .19 | 1.1 | .21 | 1.0 | .18 | 1.2 | .23 | 1.1 | .18 | 1.1 | | | | | | | | | | Insurance.......................| 1.19 | 7.2 | 1.74 | 8.6 | 1.01 | 6.5 | 1.86 | 9.3 | 1.03 | 6.5 Life...........................| .05 | .3 | .07 | .3 | .04 | .3 | .08 | .4 | .04 | .3 Health.........................| 1.10 | 6.6 | 1.59 | 7.9 | .93 | 6.0 | 1.69 | 8.4 | .95 | 6.0 Sickness and accident..........| .05 | .3 | .08 | .4 | .04 | .3 | .09 | .4 | .04 | .3 | | | | | | | | | | Retirement and savings..........| .48 | 2.9 | .77 | 3.8 | .39 | 2.5 | .72 | 3.6 | .43 | 2.7 Pensions.......................| .38 | 2.3 | .60 | 3.0 | .31 | 2.0 | .55 | 2.7 | .34 | 2.1 Savings and thrift.............| .10 | .6 | .17 | .8 | .08 | .5 | .17 | .9 | .09 | .5 | | | | | | | | | | Legally required................| 1.55 | 9.3 | 1.99 | 9.8 | 1.40 | 9.0 | 1.79 | 8.9 | 1.49 | 9.4 Social security................| .99 | 5.9 | 1.17 | 5.8 | .93 | 6.0 | 1.16 | 5.8 | .95 | 6.0 Federal unemployment...........| .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 State unemployment.............| .11 | .7 | .15 | .8 | .10 | .7 | .14 | .7 | .11 | .7 Workers' compensation..........| .39 | 2.3 | .63 | 3.1 | .31 | 2.0 | .44 | 2.2 | .38 | 2.4 | | | | | | | | | | Other benefits..................| .04 | .2 | .12 | .6 | * | * | .14 | .7 | .02 | .1 | | | | | | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 2/ Includes transportation, communication, and public NOTE: See the explanatory note for a definition of the utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, compensation components. and real estate; and service industries. Table 4. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY BROAD OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1993 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | All workers in | White-collar | Blue-collar | Service Compensation | private industry | workers | workers | workers component ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent | Cost | Percent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | Total compensation................| $16.70 | 100.0% | $19.67 | 100.0% | $16.43 | 100.0% | $8.54 | 100.0% | | | | | | | | Wages and salaries...............| 11.90 | 71.3 | 14.32 | 72.8 | 11.01 | 67.0 | 6.48 | 75.9 | | | | | | | | Total benefits...................| 4.80 | 28.7 | 5.35 | 27.2 | 5.42 | 33.0 | 2.06 | 24.1 | | | | | | | | Paid Leave......................| 1.11 | 6.6 | 1.44 | 7.3 | .97 | 5.9 | .36 | 4.3 Vacations......................| .54 | 3.2 | .69 | 3.5 | .50 | 3.1 | .18 | 2.1 Holidays.......................| .38 | 2.3 | .49 | 2.5 | .35 | 2.1 | .12 | 1.3 Sick leave.....................| .14 | .8 | .21 | 1.1 | .08 | .5 | .06 | .7 Other leave....................| .05 | .3 | .06 | .3 | .04 | .3 | * | * | | | | | | | | Supplemental pay................| .42 | 2.5 | .44 | 2.2 | .56 | 3.4 | .12 | 1.4 Premium pay....................| .19 | 1.1 | .10 | .5 | .38 | 2.3 | .07 | .8 Shift pay......................| .05 | .3 | .05 | .2 | .07 | .4 | .03 | .4 Nonproduction bonuses..........| .19 | 1.1 | .29 | 1.5 | .11 | .7 | .02 | .3 | | | | | | | | Insurance.......................| 1.19 | 7.2 | 1.32 | 6.7 | 1.39 | 8.5 | .48 | 5.6 Life...........................| .05 | .3 | .06 | .3 | .05 | .3 | * | * Health.........................| 1.10 | 6.6 | 1.20 | 6.1 | 1.28 | 7.8 | .45 | 5.3 Sickness and accident..........| .05 | .3 | .06 | .3 | .06 | .4 | * | * | | | | | | | | Retirement and savings..........| .48 | 2.9 | .57 | 2.9 | .56 | 3.4 | .11 | 1.2 Pensions.......................| .38 | 2.3 | .42 | 2.2 | .47 | 2.9 | .09 | 1.1 Savings and thrift.............| .10 | .6 | .15 | .7 | .09 | .5 | * | * | | | | | | | | Legally required................| 1.55 | 9.3 | 1.54 | 7.8 | 1.87 | 11.4 | .98 | 11.5 Social security................| .99 | 5.9 | 1.16 | 5.9 | .96 | 5.8 | .56 | 6.5 Federal unemployment...........| .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .4 State unemployment.............| .11 | .7 | .11 | .5 | .14 | .9 | .09 | 1.1 Workers' compensation..........| .39 | 2.3 | .23 | 1.2 | .70 | 4.3 | .29 | 3.4 | | | | | | | | Other benefits..................| .04 | .2 | .04 | .2 | .07 | .4 | * | * | | | | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 5. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY REGION AND UNION STATUS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1993 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Region | Union status --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- Compensation | Northeast | South | Midwest | West | Union | Nonunion component --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- | Cost |Percent| Cost |Percent| Cost |Percent| Cost |Percent| Cost |Percent| Cost |Percent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | | | | Total compensation................|$19.44 | 100.0%|$14.81 | 100.0%|$15.93 | 100.0%|$17.43 | 100.0%|$21.86 | 100.0%|$15.76 | 100.0% | | | | | | | | | | | | Wages and salaries...............| 13.78 | 70.9 | 10.74 | 72.5 | 11.09 | 69.6 | 12.55 | 72.0 | 13.98 | 64.0 | 11.52 | 73.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | Total benefits...................| 5.66 | 29.1 | 4.07 | 27.5 | 4.84 | 30.4 | 4.87 | 28.0 | 7.88 | 36.0 | 4.24 | 26.9 | | | | | | | | | | | | Paid Leave......................| 1.40 | 7.2 | .94 | 6.4 | 1.04 | 6.6 | 1.09 | 6.3 | 1.58 | 7.2 | 1.02 | 6.5 Vacations......................| .66 | 3.4 | .47 | 3.2 | .52 | 3.3 | .53 | 3.1 | .84 | 3.9 | .48 | 3.1 Holidays.......................| .48 | 2.5 | .32 | 2.1 | .36 | 2.3 | .37 | 2.1 | .51 | 2.3 | .35 | 2.2 Sick leave.....................| .20 | 1.0 | .11 | .8 | .12 | .7 | .15 | .8 | .16 | .7 | .14 | .9 Other leave....................| .07 | .4 | .04 | .3 | .04 | .3 | .04 | .2 | .07 | .3 | .04 | .3 | | | | | | | | | | | | Supplemental pay................| .50 | 2.6 | .33 | 2.2 | .48 | 3.0 | .42 | 2.4 | .73 | 3.3 | .37 | 2.3 Premium pay....................| .18 | .9 | .17 | 1.1 | .21 | 1.3 | .19 | 1.1 | .48 | 2.2 | .13 | .8 Shift pay......................| .06 | .3 | .04 | .3 | .06 | .4 | .05 | .3 | .13 | .6 | .04 | .2 Nonproduction bonuses..........| .26 | 1.3 | .12 | .8 | .21 | 1.3 | .18 | 1.0 | .13 | .6 | .20 | 1.3 | | | | | | | | | | | | Insurance.......................| 1.42 | 7.3 | .99 | 6.7 | 1.26 | 7.9 | 1.17 | 6.7 | 2.25 | 10.3 | 1.00 | 6.4 Life...........................| .06 | .3 | .04 | .3 | .05 | .3 | .05 | .3 | .08 | .4 | .04 | .3 Health.........................| 1.31 | 6.7 | .91 | 6.1 | 1.15 | 7.2 | 1.08 | 6.2 | 2.07 | 9.5 | .92 | 5.8 Sickness and accident..........| .05 | .3 | .04 | .3 | .06 | .4 | .04 | .2 | .10 | .5 | .04 | .3 | | | | | | | | | | | | Retirement and savings..........| .58 | 3.0 | .41 | 2.7 | .49 | 3.1 | .49 | 2.8 | 1.03 | 4.7 | .38 | 2.4 Pensions.......................| .48 | 2.4 | .31 | 2.1 | .40 | 2.5 | .36 | 2.1 | .93 | 4.3 | .28 | 1.8 Savings and thrift.............| .11 | .6 | .10 | .7 | .09 | .6 | .13 | .7 | .11 | .5 | .10 | .7 | | | | | | | | | | | | Legally required................| 1.73 | 8.9 | 1.38 | 9.3 | 1.50 | 9.4 | 1.66 | 9.5 | 2.14 | 9.8 | 1.44 | 9.1 Social security................| 1.12 | 5.8 | .89 | 6.0 | .95 | 6.0 | 1.04 | 6.0 | 1.22 | 5.6 | .95 | 6.0 Federal unemployment...........| .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .1 | .03 | .2 State unemployment.............| .16 | .8 | .08 | .6 | .12 | .7 | .12 | .7 | .16 | .7 | .11 | .7 Workers' compensation..........| .39 | 2.0 | .36 | 2.5 | .37 | 2.3 | .47 | 2.7 | .67 | 3.1 | .34 | 2.2 | | | | | | | | | | | | Other benefits..................| .03 | .1 | .02 | .1 | .08 | .5 | .05 | .3 | .14 | .7 | .02 | .1 | | | | | | | | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 6. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1993 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | 100 workers or more ----------------------------------------------------- Compensation | Total | 1-99 | | 100-499 | 500 workers or component | Private | workers | Total | workers | more ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- ----------------- | Cost |Percent | Cost |Percent | Cost |Percent | Cost |Percent | Cost |Percent ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | | Total compensation................| $16.70 | 100.0%| $14.56 | 100.0%| $18.52 | 100.0%| $15.21 | 100.0%| $21.92 | 100.0% | | | | | | | | | | Wages and salaries...............| 11.90 | 71.3 | 10.75 | 73.8 | 12.88 | 69.5 | 10.92 | 71.8 | 14.89 | 68.0 | | | | | | | | | | Total benefits...................| 4.80 | 28.7 | 3.81 | 26.2 | 5.64 | 30.5 | 4.29 | 28.2 | 7.02 | 32.0 | | | | | | | | | | Paid leave......................| 1.11 | 6.6 | .81 | 5.5 | 1.36 | 7.3 | .96 | 6.3 | 1.78 | 8.1 Vacations......................| .54 | 3.2 | .38 | 2.6 | .67 | 3.6 | .46 | 3.0 | .89 | 4.1 Holidays.......................| .38 | 2.3 | .28 | 2.0 | .46 | 2.5 | .33 | 2.2 | .58 | 2.7 Sick leave.....................| .14 | .8 | .10 | .7 | .17 | .9 | .12 | .8 | .22 | 1.0 Other leave....................| .05 | .3 | .03 | .2 | .06 | .3 | .04 | .3 | .08 | .4 | | | | | | | | | | Supplemental pay................| .42 | 2.5 | .33 | 2.2 | .51 | 2.7 | .36 | 2.4 | .66 | 3.0 Premium pay....................| .19 | 1.1 | .13 | .9 | .24 | 1.3 | .20 | 1.3 | .27 | 1.2 Shift pay......................| .05 | .3 | * | * | .09 | .5 | .05 | .3 | .14 | .6 Nonproduction bonuses..........| .19 | 1.1 | .19 | 1.3 | .18 | 1.0 | .11 | .7 | .25 | 1.1 | | | | | | | | | | Insurance.......................| 1.19 | 7.2 | .89 | 6.1 | 1.46 | 7.9 | 1.07 | 7.0 | 1.86 | 8.5 Life...........................| .05 | .3 | .04 | .2 | .06 | .3 | .04 | .3 | .07 | .3 Health.........................| 1.10 | 6.6 | .82 | 5.6 | 1.33 | 7.2 | .98 | 6.4 | 1.69 | 7.7 Sickness and accident..........| .05 | .3 | .03 | .2 | .07 | .4 | .04 | .3 | .09 | .4 | | | | | | | | | | Retirement and savings..........| .48 | 2.9 | .32 | 2.2 | .63 | 3.4 | .42 | 2.8 | .83 | 3.8 Pensions.......................| .38 | 2.3 | .27 | 1.8 | .48 | 2.6 | .33 | 2.2 | .63 | 2.9 Savings and thrift.............| .10 | .6 | .05 | .4 | .15 | .8 | .10 | .6 | .20 | .9 | | | | | | | | | | Legally required................| 1.55 | 9.3 | 1.47 | 10.1 | 1.62 | 8.7 | 1.44 | 9.5 | 1.80 | 8.2 Social Security................| .99 | 5.9 | .89 | 6.1 | 1.08 | 5.8 | .91 | 6.0 | 1.25 | 5.7 Federal unemployment...........| .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .2 | .03 | .1 State unemployment.............| .11 | .7 | .12 | .8 | .11 | .6 | .12 | .8 | .11 | .5 Workers' compensation..........| .39 | 2.3 | .42 | 2.9 | .37 | 2.0 | .38 | 2.5 | .35 | 1.6 | | | | | | | | | | Other benefits..................| .04 | .2 | * | * | .07 | .4 | .04 | .3 | .10 | .5 | | | | | | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. NOTE: See the explanatory note for a definition of the compensation components and relative error. Table 7. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY INDUSTRY CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs ---------------------------------------------------------------- Industry | Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retirement| | group |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- | and |Legally | Other | sation |salaries| Total | Leave | pay | ance | savings |required|benefits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All workers in private industry...........| $16.70 | $11.90 | $4.80 | $1.11 | $0.42 | $1.19 | $0.48 | $1.55 | $0.04 | | | | | | | | | Goods-producing industries 1/...........| 20.22 | 13.54 | 6.67 | 1.38 | .67 | 1.74 | .77 | 1.99 | .12 | | | | | | | | | Construction..........................| 19.71 | 13.64 | 6.07 | .63 | .53 | 1.22 | .89 | 2.78 | * | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing industries .............| 20.09 | 13.35 | 6.74 | 1.52 | .71 | 1.86 | .72 | 1.79 | .14 Durables............................| 21.88 | 14.21 | 7.67 | 1.72 | .82 | 2.18 | .81 | 1.91 | .24 Nondurables.........................| 17.75 | 12.23 | 5.53 | 1.27 | .56 | 1.44 | .60 | 1.63 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Service-producing industries 2/.........| 15.51 | 11.34 | 4.17 | 1.01 | .34 | 1.01 | .39 | 1.40 | * | | | | | | | | | Transportation and public utilities...| 24.07 | 16.39 | 7.68 | 1.96 | .53 | 2.04 | .84 | 2.28 | .03 | | | | | | | | | Wholesale trade.......................| 18.12 | 12.92 | 5.20 | 1.19 | .45 | 1.41 | .44 | 1.67 | .03 | | | | | | | | | Retail trade..........................| 9.28 | 7.18 | 2.10 | .38 | .16 | .45 | .11 | 1.00 | * | | | | | | | | | Finance, insurance, and real estate...| 20.27 | 14.52 | 5.75 | 1.51 | .71 | 1.44 | .64 | 1.43 | .03 | | | | | | | | | Services..............................| 16.34 | 12.07 | 4.27 | 1.10 | .32 | 1.00 | .42 | 1.43 | * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All workers in private industry...........| 100.0%| 71.3%| 28.7%| 6.6%| 2.5%| 7.2%| 2.9% | 9.3%| 0.2% | | | | | | | | | Goods-producing industries 1/...........| 100.0 | 67.0 | 33.0 | 6.8 | 3.3 | 8.6 | 3.8 | 9.8 | .6 | | | | | | | | | Construction..........................| 100.0 | 70.1 | 29.9 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 12.2 | * | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing industries .............| 100.0 | 66.4 | 33.6 | 7.6 | 3.5 | 9.3 | 3.6 | 8.9 | .7 Durables............................| 100.0 | 66.6 | 33.4 | 7.8 | 3.3 | 9.3 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 1.0 Nondurables.........................| 100.0 | 69.8 | 30.2 | 7.5 | 2.8 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 8.6 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Service-producing industries 2/.........| 100.0 | 73.1 | 26.9 | 6.5 | 2.2 | 6.5 | 2.5 | 9.0 | * | | | | | | | | | Transportation and public utilities...| 100.0 | 69.3 | 30.7 | 8.1 | 2.0 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 8.7 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Wholesale trade.......................| 100.0 | 69.7 | 30.3 | 6.9 | 2.6 | 8.4 | 2.6 | 9.5 | .4 | | | | | | | | | Retail trade..........................| 100.0 | 76.3 | 23.7 | 5.0 | 2.1 | 5.4 | 1.2 | 10.1 | * | | | | | | | | | Finance, insurance, and real estate...| 100.0 | 71.5 | 28.5 | 7.1 | 3.2 | 7.2 | 2.9 | 8.0 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Services..............................| 100.0 | 74.0 | 26.0 | 6.3 | 2.0 | 5.9 | 2.3 | 9.5 | .1 | | | | | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 8. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, March 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs ---------------------------------------------------------------- Occupational | Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retirement| | group |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- | and |Legally | Other | sation |salaries| Total | Leave | pay | ance | savings |required|benefits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All workers in private industry...........| $16.70 | $11.90 | $4.80 | $1.11 | $0.42 | $1.19 | $0.48 | $1.55 | $0.04 | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers.....................| 19.67 | 14.32 | 5.35 | 1.44 | .44 | 1.32 | .57 | 1.54 | .04 | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical....| 27.13 | 19.76 | 7.37 | 2.11 | .59 | 1.69 | .88 | 2.07 | .03 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial...| 30.45 | 22.14 | 8.31 | 2.55 | .78 | 1.71 | .94 | 2.20 | .12 | | | | | | | | | Sales workers...........................| 13.32 | 10.15 | 3.17 | .66 | .31 | .74 | .26 | 1.18 | * | | | | | | | | | Admin. support, including clerical......| 14.14 | 10.02 | 4.12 | 1.02 | .28 | 1.26 | .40 | 1.14 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers......................| 16.43 | 11.01 | 5.42 | .97 | .56 | 1.39 | .56 | 1.87 | .07 | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair.....| 21.05 | 14.21 | 6.84 | 1.29 | .67 | 1.69 | .77 | 2.36 | .07 | | | | | | | | | Machine operators, assemb., inspect.....| 15.50 | 10.03 | 5.47 | 1.02 | .69 | 1.54 | .50 | 1.59 | .13 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving......| 16.40 | 10.96 | 5.43 | .92 | .49 | 1.28 | .61 | 2.10 | .03 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers...| 11.78 | 8.14 | 3.64 | .56 | .35 | .94 | .34 | 1.44 | .02 Service workers..........................| 8.54 | 6.48 | 2.06 | .36 | .12 | .48 | .11 | .98 | * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All workers in private industry...........| 100.0%| 71.3%| 28.7%| 6.6%| 2.5%| 7.2%| 2.9% | 9.3%| 0.2% | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers.....................| 100.0 | 72.8 | 27.2 | 7.3 | 2.2 | 6.7 | 2.9 | 7.8 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical....| 100.0 | 72.8 | 27.2 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 6.2 | 3.2 | 7.6 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial...| 100.0 | 72.7 | 27.3 | 8.4 | 2.6 | 5.6 | 3.1 | 7.2 | .4 | | | | | | | | | Sales workers...........................| 100.0 | 76.2 | 23.8 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 5.6 | 2.0 | 8.9 | * | | | | | | | | | Admin. support, including clerical......| 100.0 | 70.9 | 29.1 | 7.2 | 2.0 | 8.9 | 2.8 | 8.1 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers......................| 100.0 | 67.0 | 33.0 | 5.9 | 3.4 | 8.5 | 3.4 | 11.4 | .4 | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair.....| 100.0 | 67.5 | 32.5 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 8.0 | 3.6 | 11.2 | .3 | | | | | | | | | Machine operators, assemb., inspect.....| 100.0 | 64.7 | 35.3 | 6.6 | 4.4 | 9.9 | 3.2 | 10.3 | .9 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving......| 100.0 | 66.9 | 33.1 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 7.8 | 3.7 | 12.8 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers...| 100.0 | 69.1 | 30.9 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 8.0 | 2.8 | 12.2 | .2 Service workers..........................| 100.0 | 75.9 | 24.1 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 5.6 | 1.2 | 11.5 | * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 9. PRIVATE GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational categories, March 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs ---------------------------------------------------------------- Occupational | Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retirement| | group |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- | and |Legally | Other | sation |salaries| Total | Leave | pay | ance | savings |required|benefits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Goods-producing industries 1/.............| $20.22 | $13.54 | $6.67 | $1.38 | $0.67 | $1.74 | $0.77 | $1.99 | $0.12 | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers....................| 25.65 | 17.99 | 7.67 | 2.16 | .56 | 1.98 | .91 | 1.93 | .13 | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical..| 29.35 | 20.29 | 9.06 | 2.63 | .57 | 2.39 | 1.26 | 2.15 | .06 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial.| 37.37 | 26.81 | 10.57 | 3.34 | .80 | 2.12 | 1.24 | 2.67 | .39 | | | | | | | | | Admin. support, including clerical....| 15.75 | 10.74 | 5.01 | 1.13 | .41 | 1.65 | .47 | 1.31 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers.....................| 18.03 | 11.74 | 6.29 | 1.06 | .73 | 1.65 | .72 | 2.02 | .11 | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair...| 22.61 | 14.88 | 7.73 | 1.28 | .81 | 1.91 | .99 | 2.64 | .10 | | | | | | | | | Machine operators, assemb., inspect...| 16.20 | 10.37 | 5.84 | 1.08 | .75 | 1.66 | .56 | 1.64 | .16 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving....| 18.29 | 11.77 | 6.51 | .97 | .77 | 1.63 | .88 | 2.20 | .07 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.| 13.30 | 8.86 | 4.44 | .59 | .47 | 1.15 | .50 | 1.68 | .05 | | | | | | | | | Service workers.........................| 15.27 | 10.18 | 5.09 | .97 | .45 | 1.43 | .61 | 1.49 | .14 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Goods-producing industries 1/.............| 100.0%| 67.0%| 33.0%| 6.8%| 3.3%| 8.6%| 3.8% | 9.8%| 0.6% | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers....................| 100.0 | 70.1 | 29.9 | 8.4 | 2.2 | 7.7 | 3.5 | 7.5 | .5 | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical..| 100.0 | 69.1 | 30.9 | 9.0 | 1.9 | 8.1 | 4.3 | 7.3 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial.| 100.0 | 71.7 | 28.3 | 8.9 | 2.1 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 7.2 | 1.1 | | | | | | | | | Admin. support, including clerical....| 100.0 | 68.2 | 31.8 | 7.2 | 2.6 | 10.5 | 3.0 | 8.3 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers.....................| 100.0 | 65.1 | 34.9 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 9.2 | 4.0 | 11.2 | .6 | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair...| 100.0 | 65.8 | 34.2 | 5.6 | 3.6 | 8.4 | 4.4 | 11.7 | .4 | | | | | | | | | Machine operators, assemb., inspect...| 100.0 | 64.0 | 36.0 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 10.2 | 3.4 | 10.1 | 1.0 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving....| 100.0 | 64.4 | 35.6 | 5.3 | 4.2 | 8.9 | 4.8 | 12.0 | .4 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.| 100.0 | 66.6 | 33.4 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 8.6 | 3.8 | 12.6 | .4 | | | | | | | | | Service workers.........................| 100.0 | 66.7 | 33.3 | 6.3 | 3.0 | 9.4 | 4.0 | 9.8 | .9 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 10. PRIVATE SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for meployee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational categories, March 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs ---------------------------------------------------------------- Occupational | Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retirement| | group |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- | and |Legally | Other | sation |salaries| Total | Leave | pay | ance | savings |required|benefits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Service-producing industries 1/...........| $15.51 | $11.34 | $4.17 | $1.01 | $0.34 | $1.01 | $0.39 | $1.40 | * | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers....................| 18.65 | 13.69 | 4.96 | 1.32 | .42 | 1.20 | .51 | 1.48 | $0.02 | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical..| 26.65 | 19.65 | 7.00 | 2.00 | .59 | 1.53 | .79 | 2.06 | .03 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial.| 28.36 | 20.73 | 7.63 | 2.32 | .78 | 1.59 | .85 | 2.05 | .04 | | | | | | | | | Sales workers.........................| 12.99 | 9.92 | 3.07 | .63 | .31 | .71 | .25 | 1.16 | * | | | | | | | | | Admin. support, including clerical....| 13.85 | 9.89 | 3.96 | 1.00 | .25 | 1.19 | .39 | 1.11 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers.....................| 14.48 | 10.12 | 4.37 | .87 | .37 | 1.07 | .36 | 1.68 | * | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair...| 18.92 | 13.29 | 5.62 | 1.32 | .47 | 1.39 | .46 | 1.97 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving....| 15.65 | 10.65 | 5.01 | .90 | .38 | 1.14 | .50 | 2.06 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.| 10.95 | 7.74 | 3.21 | .54 | .28 | .83 | .24 | 1.30 | * | | | | | | | | | Service workers.........................| 8.37 | 6.39 | 1.98 | .35 | .11 | .46 | .09 | .97 | * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | Service-producing industries 1/...........| 100.0%| 73.1%| 26.9%| 6.5%| 2.2%| 6.5%| 2.5% | 9.0%| * | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers....................| 100.0 | 73.4 | 26.6 | 7.1 | 2.3 | 6.5 | 2.7 | 7.9 | 0.1% | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical..| 100.0 | 73.7 | 26.3 | 7.5 | 2.2 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 7.7 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial.| 100.0 | 73.1 | 26.9 | 8.2 | 2.7 | 5.6 | 3.0 | 7.2 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Sales workers.........................| 100.0 | 76.4 | 23.6 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 5.5 | 1.9 | 9.0 | * | | | | | | | | | Admin. support, including clerical....| 100.0 | 71.4 | 28.6 | 7.2 | 1.8 | 8.6 | 2.8 | 8.0 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers.....................| 100.0 | 69.8 | 30.2 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 7.4 | 2.5 | 11.6 | * | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair...| 100.0 | 70.3 | 29.7 | 7.0 | 2.5 | 7.4 | 2.4 | 10.4 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving....| 100.0 | 68.0 | 32.0 | 5.8 | 2.4 | 7.3 | 3.2 | 13.2 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.| 100.0 | 70.7 | 29.3 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 7.6 | 2.2 | 11.9 | * | | | | | | | | | Service workers.........................| 100.0 | 76.3 | 23.7 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 11.6 | * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 11. PRIVATE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational categories, March 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs ---------------------------------------------------------------- Occupational | Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retirement| | group |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- | and |Legally | Other | sation |salaries| Total | Leave | pay | ance | savings |required|benefits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing industries .................| $20.09 | $13.35 | $6.74 | $1.52 | $0.71 | $1.86 | $0.72 | $1.79 | $0.14 | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers....................| 25.82 | 18.00 | 7.82 | 2.24 | .56 | 2.08 | .90 | 1.89 | .15 | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical..| 28.97 | 20.03 | 8.94 | 2.62 | .49 | 2.42 | 1.22 | 2.13 | .05 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial.| 38.66 | 27.52 | 11.14 | 3.63 | .90 | 2.35 | 1.22 | 2.53 | .50 | | | | | | | | | Admin. support, including clerical....| 16.02 | 10.85 | 5.18 | 1.20 | .43 | 1.72 | .48 | 1.32 | .03 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers.....................| 17.52 | 11.24 | 6.28 | 1.20 | .79 | 1.76 | .64 | 1.75 | .14 | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair...| 23.02 | 14.73 | 8.29 | 1.76 | 1.02 | 2.27 | .91 | 2.16 | .17 | | | | | | | | | Machine operators, assemb., inspect...| 16.19 | 10.34 | 5.84 | 1.08 | .75 | 1.66 | .56 | 1.63 | .16 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving....| 17.86 | 11.61 | 6.24 | 1.11 | .73 | 1.68 | .74 | 1.89 | .09 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.| 13.10 | 8.56 | 4.54 | .74 | .55 | 1.33 | .42 | 1.43 | .07 | | | | | | | | | Service workers.........................| 15.97 | 10.53 | 5.44 | 1.05 | .50 | 1.56 | .67 | 1.52 | .16 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing industries .................| 100.0%| 66.4%| 33.6%| 7.6%| 3.5%| 9.3%| 3.6% | 8.9%| 0.7% | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers....................| 100.0 | 69.7 | 30.3 | 8.7 | 2.2 | 8.1 | 3.5 | 7.3 | .6 | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical..| 100.0 | 69.1 | 30.9 | 9.1 | 1.7 | 8.3 | 4.2 | 7.4 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial.| 100.0 | 71.2 | 28.8 | 9.4 | 2.3 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 1.3 | | | | | | | | | Admin. support, including clerical....| 100.0 | 67.7 | 32.3 | 7.5 | 2.7 | 10.8 | 3.0 | 8.2 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers.....................| 100.0 | 64.2 | 35.8 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 10.1 | 3.6 | 10.0 | .8 | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair...| 100.0 | 64.0 | 36.0 | 7.7 | 4.4 | 9.8 | 3.9 | 9.4 | .7 | | | | | | | | | Machine operators, assemb., inspect...| 100.0 | 63.9 | 36.1 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 10.3 | 3.4 | 10.0 | 1.0 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving....| 100.0 | 65.0 | 35.0 | 6.2 | 4.1 | 9.4 | 4.2 | 10.6 | .5 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.| 100.0 | 65.3 | 34.7 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 10.2 | 3.2 | 10.9 | .5 | | | | | | | | | Service workers.........................| 100.0 | 65.9 | 34.1 | 6.6 | 3.1 | 9.8 | 4.2 | 9.5 | 1.0 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 12. PRIVATE NONMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational categories, March 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs ---------------------------------------------------------------- Occupational | Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retirement| | group |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- | and |Legally | Other | sation |salaries| Total | Leave | pay | ance | savings |required|benefits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nonmanufacturing industries ..............| $15.85 | $11.54 | $4.31 | $1.00 | $0.35 | $1.03 | $0.43 | $1.49 | $0.02 | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers....................| 18.80 | 13.80 | 5.00 | 1.33 | .42 | 1.21 | .52 | 1.49 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical..| 26.76 | 19.71 | 7.06 | 2.01 | .61 | 1.54 | .81 | 2.06 | .03 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial.| 28.70 | 21.00 | 7.71 | 2.32 | .76 | 1.57 | .88 | 2.13 | .04 | | | | | | | | | Sales workers.........................| 13.00 | 9.93 | 3.07 | .63 | .31 | .71 | .25 | 1.16 | * | | | | | | | | | Admin. support, including clerical....| 13.86 | 9.90 | 3.96 | .99 | .25 | 1.19 | .39 | 1.12 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers.....................| 15.65 | 10.84 | 4.81 | .81 | .40 | 1.12 | .50 | 1.96 | * | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair...| 20.13 | 13.96 | 6.16 | 1.07 | .50 | 1.42 | .70 | 2.45 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving....| 16.02 | 10.80 | 5.22 | .87 | .43 | 1.17 | .57 | 2.16 | .02 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.| 11.38 | 8.01 | 3.37 | .50 | .29 | .82 | .31 | 1.44 | * | | | | | | | | | Service workers.........................| 8.37 | 6.39 | 1.98 | .35 | .11 | .46 | .09 | .97 | * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nonmanufacturing industries ..............| 100.0%| 72.8%| 27.2%| 6.3%| 2.2%| 6.5%| 2.7% | 9.4%| 0.1% | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers....................| 100.0 | 73.4 | 26.6 | 7.1 | 2.3 | 6.4 | 2.8 | 7.9 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Professional specialty and technical..| 100.0 | 73.6 | 26.4 | 7.5 | 2.3 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 7.7 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Executive, administrative, managerial.| 100.0 | 73.1 | 26.9 | 8.1 | 2.6 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 7.4 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Sales workers.........................| 100.0 | 76.4 | 23.6 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 5.5 | 1.9 | 9.0 | * | | | | | | | | | Administrative support, including | | | | | | | | | clerical...........................| 100.0 | 71.4 | 28.6 | 7.1 | 1.8 | 8.6 | 2.8 | 8.1 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers.....................| 100.0 | 69.3 | 30.7 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 7.2 | 3.2 | 12.5 | * | | | | | | | | | Precision production, craft, repair...| 100.0 | 69.4 | 30.6 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 7.1 | 3.5 | 12.2 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Transportation and material moving....| 100.0 | 67.4 | 32.6 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 7.3 | 3.6 | 13.5 | .1 | | | | | | | | | Handlers, cleaners, helpers, laborers.| 100.0 | 70.4 | 29.6 | 4.4 | 2.5 | 7.2 | 2.7 | 12.6 | * | | | | | | | | | Service workers.........................| 100.0 | 76.3 | 23.7 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 11.6 | * ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 13. PRIVATE INDUSTRY UNION WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs ---------------------------------------------------------------- Union status, by industry and occupational| Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retirement| | group |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- | and |Legally | Other | sation |salaries| Total | Leave | pay | ance | savings |required|benefits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All union workers, private industry.......| $21.86 | $13.98 | $7.88 | $1.58 | $0.73 | $2.25 | $1.03 | $2.14 | $0.14 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers..................| 23.16 | 14.31 | 8.85 | 1.61 | .92 | 2.47 | 1.22 | 2.44 | .20 | | | | | | | | | Goods-producing industries..............| 24.21 | 14.70 | 9.51 | 1.62 | 1.06 | 2.70 | 1.37 | 2.47 | .28 | | | | | | | | | Service-producing industries............| 20.02 | 13.42 | 6.60 | 1.54 | .47 | 1.89 | .77 | 1.89 | .03 | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing...........................| 22.84 | 13.66 | 9.18 | 1.77 | 1.14 | 2.70 | 1.08 | 2.13 | .35 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers...................| 22.94 | 13.64 | 9.30 | 1.77 | 1.18 | 2.74 | 1.08 | 2.16 | .37 | | | | | | | | | Nonmanufacturing........................| 21.32 | 14.15 | 7.17 | 1.47 | .51 | 2.00 | 1.01 | 2.15 | .03 | | | | | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- All union workers, private industry.......| 100.0%| 64.0%| 36.0%| 7.2%| 3.3%| 10.3%| 4.7% | 9.8%| 0.7% | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers..................| 100.0 | 61.8 | 38.2 | 6.9 | 4.0 | 10.7 | 5.3 | 10.5 | .9 | | | | | | | | | Goods-producing industries..............| 100.0 | 60.7 | 39.3 | 6.7 | 4.4 | 11.2 | 5.7 | 10.2 | 1.2 | | | | | | | | | Service-producing industries............| 100.0 | 67.0 | 33.0 | 7.7 | 2.4 | 9.4 | 3.8 | 9.4 | .2 | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing...........................| 100.0 | 59.8 | 40.2 | 7.8 | 5.0 | 11.8 | 4.7 | 9.3 | 1.5 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers...................| 100.0 | 59.5 | 40.5 | 7.7 | 5.1 | 11.9 | 4.7 | 9.4 | 1.6 | | | | | | | | | Nonmanufacturing........................| 100.0 | 66.4 | 33.6 | 6.9 | 2.4 | 9.4 | 4.7 | 10.1 | .2 | | | | | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 14. PRIVATE INDUSTRY NONUNION WORKERS: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by occupational and industry group, March 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs ---------------------------------------------------------------- Union status, by industry and occupational| Total | Wages | | |Supple- | |Retirement| | group |compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- | and |Legally | Other | sation |salaries| Total | Leave | pay | ance | savings |required|benefits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All nonunion workers, private industry....| $15.76 | $11.52 | $4.24 | $1.02 | $0.37 | $1.00 | $0.38 | $1.44 | $0.02 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers..................| 13.35 | 9.49 | 3.85 | .68 | .40 | .90 | .26 | 1.61 | * | | | | | | | | | Goods-producing industries..............| 18.75 | 13.12 | 5.63 | 1.29 | .53 | 1.39 | .55 | 1.81 | .06 | | | | | | | | | Service-producing industries............| 14.92 | 11.07 | 3.85 | .94 | .32 | .89 | .34 | 1.34 | * | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing...........................| 19.07 | 13.23 | 5.84 | 1.43 | .55 | 1.55 | .58 | 1.66 | .07 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers...................| 14.36 | 9.84 | 4.51 | .87 | .56 | 1.20 | .37 | 1.50 | * | | | | | | | | | Nonmanufacturing........................| 15.07 | 11.17 | 3.90 | .93 | .33 | .89 | .34 | 1.39 | * | | | | | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Percent of total compensation ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | All nonunion workers, private industry....| 100.0%| 73.1%| 26.9%| 6.5%| 2.3%| 6.4%| 2.4% | 9.1%| 0.1% | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers..................| 100.0 | 71.1 | 28.9 | 5.1 | 3.0 | 6.7 | 1.9 | 12.0 | * | | | | | | | | | Goods-producing industries..............| 100.0 | 70.0 | 30.0 | 6.9 | 2.8 | 7.4 | 2.9 | 9.6 | .3 | | | | | | | | | Service-producing industries............| 100.0 | 74.2 | 25.8 | 6.3 | 2.2 | 6.0 | 2.3 | 9.0 | * | | | | | | | | | Manufacturing...........................| 100.0 | 69.4 | 30.6 | 7.5 | 2.9 | 8.1 | 3.1 | 8.7 | .4 | | | | | | | | | Blue-collar workers...................| 100.0 | 68.6 | 31.4 | 6.0 | 3.9 | 8.3 | 2.6 | 10.5 | * | | | | | | | | | Nonmanufacturing........................| 100.0 | 74.1 | 25.9 | 6.2 | 2.2 | 5.9 | 2.3 | 9.2 | * | | | | | | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- * Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. NOTE: See footnotes at end of table 3. Table 15. PRIVATE INDUSTRY BY ESTABLISHMENT EMPLOYMENT SIZE: Employer costs per hour worked for employee compensation, and costs as a percent of total compensation, by industry and occupational categories, March 1993 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | Benefit costs -------------------------------------------------------------------- Industry and occupational category, | Total | Wages | | | Supple- | | Retire- | | and employment size | compen- | and | | Paid | mental | Insur- |ment and | Legally | Other | sation |salaries | Total | leave | pay | ance | savings |required |benefits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Cost per hour worked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Goods-producing industries 1/.............| $20.22 | $13.54 | $6.67 | $1.38 | $0.67 | $1.74 | $0.77 | $1.99 | $0.12 1-99 workers.............................| 17.18 | 12.12 | 5.07 | .79 | .47 | 1.17 | .51 | 2.12 | * 100 workers or more......................| 21.71 | 14.25 | 7.46 | 1.67 | .78 | 2.03 | .90 | 1.92 | .17 100-499 workers.......................| 17.66 | 12.06 | 5.60 | 1.11 | .56 | 1.48 | .60 | 1.76 | .09 500 workers or more...................| 25.46 | 16.27 | 9.18 | 2.18 | .98 | 2.53 | 1.18 | 2.07 | .25 Service-producing industries 2/...........| 15.51 | 11.34 | 4.17 | 1.01 | .34 | 1.01 | .39 | 1.40 | * 1-99 workers.............................| 13.98 | 10.45 | 3.53 | .81 | .30 | .82 | .27 | 1.32 | * 100 workers or more......................| 17.07 | 12.26 | 4.81 | 1.22 | .39 | 1.20 | .50 | 1.48 | .02 100-499 workers.......................| 14.17 | 10.43 | 3.74 | .89 | .28 | .89 | .35 | 1.31 | .02 500 workers or more...................| 20.18 | 14.22 | 5.96 | 1.58 | .50 | 1.53 | .66 | 1.66 | .03 | | | | | | | | | White-collar workers......................| 19.67 | 14.32 | 5.35 | 1.44 | .44 | 1.32 | .57 | 1.54 | .04 1-99 workers.............................| 17.46 | 13.03 | 4.43 | 1.13 | .40 | 1.07 | .39 | 1.43 | * 100 workers or more......................| 21.46 | 15.36 | 6.10 | 1.70 | .48 | 1.52 | .71 | 1.63 | .06 100-499 workers.......................| 17.81 | 13.11 | 4.70 | 1.23 | .33 | 1.16 | .48 | 1.43 | .08 500 workers or more...................| 24.64 | 17.33 | 7.31 | 2.11 | .61 | 1.83 | .92 | 1.81 | .04 Blue-collar workers.......................| 16.43 | 11.01 | 5.42 | .97 | .56 | 1.39 | .56 | 1.87 | .07 1-99 workers.............................| 14.17 | 10.02 | 4.16 | .63 | .36 | .97 |