Table 3.1 Production Workers: Indexes of hourly pay for time worked in manufacturing, U.S. dollar basis, 1975-2009 (Index, U.S. = 100) Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 United States 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Australia 96.61 98.41 90.24 92.16 90.51 94.25 98.52 94.44 84.60 85.86 68.58 69.62 75.84 88.66 94.45 94.95 95.39 89.79 83.26 88.48 90.99 96.03 90.93 79.87 81.45 71.40 63.66 71.23 88.70 101.01 106.18 108.39 121.86 128.15 117.02 Austria 53.65 52.59 56.96 63.00 66.77 67.36 53.34 49.86 47.74 42.89 42.12 58.65 73.14 75.44 71.66 85.68 85.45 94.03 90.85 92.76 107.47 104.33 89.50 88.60 85.04 73.13 71.51 75.01 89.06 96.30 97.11 99.10 109.26 118.99 114.92 Belgium 83.52 82.20 89.16 98.73 104.17 105.57 83.46 67.88 61.68 55.03 53.50 70.64 84.63 85.26 80.91 96.51 96.47 104.99 98.95 103.39 116.99 110.46 94.76 93.81 89.33 76.99 75.21 78.78 96.24 106.49 104.16 105.87 115.30 125.46 118.81 Brazil -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 23.79 23.32 21.59 13.16 13.26 10.84 9.05 9.33 10.55 13.45 16.01 18.62 20.88 19.96 Canada 106.03 115.29 108.72 99.66 97.17 98.50 97.81 99.85 101.92 97.60 92.46 91.61 97.49 106.09 112.73 115.55 119.40 114.39 106.85 99.69 98.13 98.57 94.74 88.15 86.64 85.98 80.45 77.55 87.99 95.34 102.53 107.59 116.64 116.16 100.27 Czech Republic -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 8.61 9.94 12.39 14.00 12.86 13.44 12.79 11.92 12.57 14.96 17.90 20.16 22.11 24.51 28.58 35.26 30.90 Denmark 112.49 109.79 110.03 124.94 135.06 126.43 98.25 87.17 80.73 71.74 70.27 94.92 121.19 127.50 117.94 142.10 138.61 147.80 136.05 138.77 159.27 152.40 134.65 133.92 129.13 111.01 109.25 115.85 139.72 150.37 150.19 153.84 170.93 182.27 176.94 Finland 75.90 75.96 71.74 68.71 74.02 79.84 70.21 64.78 58.70 57.54 57.91 72.65 87.90 97.49 100.76 118.46 113.66 101.86 79.16 87.95 111.16 106.57 93.59 91.54 87.68 77.12 74.86 77.91 92.41 101.67 101.16 104.16 113.65 124.00 118.27 France 60.01 57.40 58.21 65.45 71.70 76.26 61.74 55.58 51.62 46.54 46.14 61.52 71.78 72.59 68.49 80.57 78.34 84.61 78.46 79.45 88.37 85.70 74.60 73.37 69.67 60.90 59.83 63.20 75.55 83.15 83.02 84.74 92.66 99.87 94.00 Germany 69.22 66.70 71.47 79.78 84.79 84.14 64.52 59.66 56.42 49.68 48.62 66.55 82.68 86.07 81.41 95.33 95.38 105.14 102.88 105.30 121.53 115.60 98.78 97.03 90.82 79.68 75.95 78.71 93.72 102.28 101.14 101.39 110.46 118.20 110.37 Hong Kong SAR -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Hungary -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 11.19 10.82 10.43 9.85 9.75 9.44 8.69 9.64 11.65 13.87 16.10 16.99 17.25 21.36 23.31 19.71 Ireland 60.47 51.62 50.87 58.41 65.30 71.15 59.22 55.57 52.42 48.78 49.39 65.29 74.51 77.69 72.86 85.13 84.53 91.15 80.78 81.53 86.96 86.24 81.44 78.21 75.86 67.26 70.07 76.90 94.08 105.84 107.03 110.43 118.46 126.11 121.07 Israel 32.59 31.80 32.96 28.94 34.28 36.15 36.22 36.13 38.18 35.08 29.49 36.98 44.23 51.98 50.63 54.18 53.89 53.99 50.98 51.63 57.83 60.15 62.14 61.06 58.59 61.05 62.28 54.30 56.06 56.71 56.73 57.66 63.35 73.72 67.19 Italy 49.25 42.13 45.67 49.99 56.19 61.55 52.00 47.78 47.27 43.66 42.92 56.89 69.07 71.53 70.31 83.20 85.94 89.73 71.09 69.51 69.45 73.32 66.74 65.69 62.34 53.38 52.45 56.83 69.91 79.51 79.74 81.85 89.41 96.55 91.90 Japan 37.26 37.40 41.64 52.21 47.57 44.66 44.31 38.58 40.20 40.08 39.23 55.84 64.33 72.88 69.18 67.18 74.79 81.06 92.94 100.32 109.41 92.04 82.15 75.56 85.40 87.89 75.67 70.89 74.65 78.35 74.75 69.10 66.51 75.60 81.96 Korea, Republic of -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Luxembourg 90.35 91.37 98.48 112.40 115.65 113.91 84.23 69.13 63.03 57.85 55.40 74.76 90.04 92.38 88.19 102.22 101.94 111.40 106.16 111.94 128.78 117.52 99.98 97.50 94.34 81.59 77.60 81.49 97.82 109.61 111.11 111.37 119.26 126.50 117.67 Mexico -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Netherlands 82.45 80.59 85.90 95.39 99.30 97.04 73.30 69.52 64.57 56.21 53.29 72.52 88.00 89.51 82.92 95.96 93.54 101.63 97.64 99.68 111.81 103.76 91.34 92.56 89.66 77.83 78.50 83.15 100.75 110.28 109.78 111.25 120.20 130.25 123.36 New Zealand 58.18 50.36 51.92 58.47 61.26 63.74 61.92 57.45 50.97 43.97 40.62 48.98 59.25 69.62 64.42 65.99 63.96 59.02 58.17 62.99 69.66 73.07 70.64 57.42 56.49 48.61 44.93 49.86 62.24 70.88 75.96 72.10 82.99 80.65 71.66 Norway -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Philippines -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4.32 4.91 4.48 5.18 5.39 5.58 5.13 3.76 3.98 3.56 3.28 3.32 3.27 3.44 3.72 4.20 4.72 5.11 4.82 Poland -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 9.39 10.07 11.73 11.27 12.41 12.38 12.94 13.82 15.80 17.33 21.03 26.29 20.45 Portugal 24.16 23.51 20.13 19.03 17.98 20.12 18.08 15.51 12.72 10.82 10.94 14.56 17.40 18.58 19.37 23.62 25.75 30.68 26.13 25.97 28.82 28.63 25.09 25.20 24.08 20.83 20.44 21.80 25.81 28.67 28.08 29.00 31.69 34.51 32.80 Singapore 13.05 12.14 11.79 12.40 13.20 13.89 15.02 15.23 16.34 17.18 16.69 16.09 16.99 19.23 20.60 23.28 25.19 27.86 28.58 32.83 38.74 40.41 38.77 35.58 34.84 34.84 31.90 29.91 30.91 31.45 30.24 34.77 32.76 37.00 33.69 Spain 24.14 25.24 26.52 30.37 38.83 39.46 33.67 30.40 25.28 23.94 24.14 31.71 38.04 41.46 42.94 53.30 56.69 61.85 51.28 49.51 54.23 55.13 49.09 48.13 47.14 41.27 40.13 42.75 51.91 57.22 58.27 60.22 66.41 72.74 70.25 Sri Lanka 4.25 3.39 4.06 3.12 2.47 2.17 1.77 1.94 1.92 1.90 2.01 2.04 2.07 2.07 2.01 2.20 2.43 2.37 2.41 2.53 2.61 2.54 2.34 2.35 2.25 2.25 2.05 2.18 2.19 2.17 2.22 2.28 2.38 2.59 -- Sweden 104.90 108.69 103.73 102.33 106.98 108.12 91.09 74.45 62.27 60.68 61.05 76.61 91.08 98.66 99.31 114.67 114.65 121.62 91.44 93.50 103.90 114.12 101.47 98.71 93.82 84.60 74.95 79.58 95.77 105.44 104.07 107.04 117.97 122.22 104.35 Switzerland 89.58 87.37 85.24 108.55 109.83 105.57 87.49 84.35 81.03 71.37 68.49 95.30 115.91 119.10 107.49 128.70 129.11 134.83 127.98 136.93 155.94 145.95 120.89 119.09 111.76 97.45 97.16 103.60 117.55 124.45 122.23 120.48 124.31 136.28 135.28 Taiwan -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- United Kingdom 54.44 47.27 45.42 52.65 61.34 73.56 64.41 57.61 52.10 47.07 47.49 56.40 65.94 74.95 72.54 83.29 85.86 89.15 75.70 76.42 78.64 78.41 83.22 86.05 83.74 78.04 75.96 80.23 90.25 102.05 101.89 104.55 115.41 107.60 87.97 '--' means data not available. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2011