HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING 33 COUNTRIES OR AREAS 22 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, 1992-2005 FOOD, BEVERAGE, AND TOBACCO PRODUCT MANUFACTURING (NAICS 311-312) IMPORTANT NOTE: DATA IN THE FOLLOWING TABLES ARE SUBJECT TO LIMITATIONS THAT ARE DESCRIBED IN THE INTRODUCTION. THE INTRODUCTION CAN BE ACCESSED AT: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ForeignLabor/indnotesnaics.txt. General Notes: The measures for total manufacturing were published in news release USDL 06-2020, "International Comparisons of Hourly Compensation Costs for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 2005," November 30, 2006. For some countries, data for total manufacturing have been revised in these tables to reflect revisions subsequent to the news release. The measures for individual manufacturing industries are less reliable than the total manufacturing data because there are more technical limitations associated with them. For more information about limitations, see the Technical Notes. The measures in these tables are shown according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) for most NAICS 3-digit level industries; selected additional industry combinations are shown as well. These data as well as data on a U.S. 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) basis for selected years, 1975-2002, are available at https://www.bls.gov/fls. Note: Hourly compensation costs in national currency for countries that are members of the Euro area (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain) are expressed in the national currency used in each country prior to the implementation of the euro for 1992-1998, and in euros for 1999-2005. More information about national currency units and exchange rates used in these tables is on page 6. Notations: .. Data not available. # Break in series. Data are not comparable with data from the previous year. Prepared By: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity And Technology, December 14, 2007. HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: INDEX U.S. = 100 PAGE 10 FOOD, BEVERAGE, AND TOBACCO PRODUCT MANUFACTURING (NAICS 311-312) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. 27 27 25 16 15 13 11 11 12 15 CANADA.................. 108 104 97 95 96 93 83 83 82 79 78 90 98 106 MEXICO.................. 13 14 16 9 9 9 9 10 11 12 12 11 10 11 AUSTRALIA............... .. .. 97 104 108 105 92 98 86 76 86 105 117 122 ISRAEL.................. 41 39 41 47 49 51 49 48 49 51 45 46 46 47 JAPAN................... 87 99 109 118 100 88 78 90 92 78 74 79 83 83 KOREA, REPUBLIC OF...... .. 38 37 43 47 45 31 41 45 40 44 47 50 56 SINGAPORE............... .. .. .. 51 53 53 50 44 44 42 40 37 38 39 TAIWAN.................. 38 38 39 42 41 43 36 40 39 37 34 32 32 34 AUSTRIA................. 145 139 147 169 164 145 139 137 116 113 119 139 148 150 BELGIUM................. .. .. .. 157 152 132 128 127 112 106 112 132 145 147 CZECH REPUBLIC.......... .. .. .. .. .. 15 15 15 14 15 18 21 24 27 DENMARK................. 152 143 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 118 94 112 136 130 114 107 108 95 94 100 120 134 139 FRANCE.................. 122 114 116 128 124 109 106 106 93 90 95 114 124 127 GERMANY................. .. .. .. .. .. .. 125 122 106 102 106 126 134 135 GREECE.................. 51 47 49 57 58 56 51 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. HUNGARY................. .. .. .. .. 17 16 16 16 15 16 19 23 26 27 IRELAND................. 97 84 86 95 92 89 83 84 76 82 89 107 115 118 ITALY................... 142 116 118 119 127 117 109 105 88 85 90 110 126 128 LUXEMBOURG.............. .. .. .. .. 104 90 87 89 76 73 77 93 104 108 NETHERLANDS............. 148 143 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. 153 130 132 152 151 139 134 137 120 122 143 163 177 189 POLAND.................. .. .. .. .. .. 17 17 16 15 17 17 17 18 21 SPAIN................... 91 75 73 79 81 69 69 68 58 57 63 76 81 83 SWEDEN.................. 166 115 121 133 147 132 126 125 113 101 107 128 141 141 UNITED KINGDOM.......... 95 81 81 86 87 91 94 96 88 85 95 105 120 129 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, December 2007 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN U.S. DOLLARS PAGE 11 FOOD, BEVERAGE, AND TOBACCO PRODUCT MANUFACTURING (NAICS 311-312) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 14.18 14.59 14.88 15.09 15.52 15.85 16.54 16.36 16.99 17.58 18.25 18.77 19.35 19.51 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. 4.22 4.35 4.16 2.64 2.60 2.20 1.99 2.08 2.34 3.02 CANADA.................. 15.25 15.15 14.40 14.32 14.90 14.72 13.71 13.60 13.89 13.81 14.32 16.96 18.90 20.74 MEXICO.................. 1.91 2.07 2.33 1.43 1.39 1.50 1.46 1.61 1.82 2.03 2.13 2.04 2.02 2.15 AUSTRALIA............... .. .. 14.39 15.65 16.72 16.65 15.24 16.01 14.57 13.44 15.61 19.64 22.56 23.81 ISRAEL.................. 5.87 5.71 6.16 7.08 7.59 8.15 8.17 7.89 8.39 8.90 8.17 8.68 8.96 9.17 JAPAN................... 12.34 14.45 16.15 17.88 15.46 14.02 12.87 14.72 15.67 13.75 13.52 14.90 16.12 16.15 KOREA, REPUBLIC OF...... .. 5.50 5.56 6.55 7.36 7.17 5.12 6.76 7.71 6.95 8.00 8.88 9.73 10.94 SINGAPORE............... .. .. .. 7.71 8.29 8.44 8.22 7.14 7.47 7.30 7.24 6.98 7.44 7.62 TAIWAN.................. 5.39 5.51 5.87 6.36 6.37 6.87 6.01 6.51 6.59 6.58 6.21 5.99 6.19 6.54 AUSTRIA................. 20.51 20.25 21.89 25.49 25.43 22.94 23.01 22.37 19.67 19.79 21.65 26.18 28.56 29.21 BELGIUM................. .. .. .. 23.77 23.52 20.92 21.13 20.81 18.94 18.61 20.39 24.77 28.10 28.73 CZECH REPUBLIC.......... .. .. .. .. .. 2.38 2.50 2.38 2.33 2.68 3.32 3.99 4.65 5.19 DENMARK................. 21.50 20.92 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 16.72 13.78 16.62 20.56 20.25 18.12 17.71 17.69 16.12 16.45 18.21 22.55 25.95 27.03 FRANCE.................. 17.26 16.62 17.23 19.38 19.18 17.30 17.60 17.29 15.74 15.82 17.26 21.31 24.03 24.72 GERMANY................. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20.69 20.02 18.04 17.87 19.31 23.66 25.96 26.33 GREECE.................. 7.22 6.83 7.28 8.59 9.01 8.82 8.50 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. HUNGARY................. .. .. .. .. 2.68 2.59 2.59 2.57 2.49 2.84 3.56 4.28 5.05 5.21 IRELAND................. 13.69 12.29 12.85 14.28 14.29 14.16 13.64 13.82 12.97 14.33 16.31 20.09 22.29 22.99 ITALY................... 20.19 16.91 17.62 18.00 19.66 18.56 17.94 17.19 14.96 14.97 16.47 20.72 24.42 24.99 LUXEMBOURG.............. .. .. .. .. 16.17 14.31 14.43 14.53 12.95 12.91 14.04 17.36 20.08 21.10 NETHERLANDS............. 21.05 20.82 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. 21.66 18.99 19.66 22.94 23.43 22.11 22.09 22.49 20.35 21.44 26.03 30.58 34.25 36.86 POLAND.................. .. .. .. .. .. 2.66 2.83 2.69 2.63 3.00 3.05 3.21 3.44 4.01 SPAIN................... 12.97 10.95 10.82 11.87 12.53 11.00 11.37 11.15 9.81 10.11 11.43 14.18 15.75 16.15 SWEDEN.................. 23.57 16.83 17.93 20.12 22.82 20.88 20.91 20.49 19.19 17.79 19.45 24.09 27.25 27.49 UNITED KINGDOM.......... 13.41 11.81 12.10 12.92 13.50 14.50 15.54 15.71 14.94 14.96 17.35 19.75 23.29 25.14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, December 2007 HOURLY COMPENSATION COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS: IN NATIONAL CURRENCY PAGE 12 FOOD, BEVERAGE, AND TOBACCO PRODUCT MANUFACTURING (NAICS 311-312) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COUNTRY OR AREA 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNITED STATES........... 14.18 14.59 14.88 15.09 15.52 15.85 16.54 16.36 16.99 17.58 18.25 18.77 19.35 19.51 BRAZIL.................. .. .. .. .. 4.25 4.69 4.83 4.80 4.75 5.18 5.82 6.41 6.86 7.36 CANADA.................. 18.44 19.54 19.67 19.67 20.32 20.39 20.34 20.21 20.64 21.39 22.49 23.76 24.61 25.14 MEXICO.................. 5910 #6.45 7.85 9.19 10.54 11.84 13.32 15.36 17.23 18.97 20.56 22.02 22.82 23.46 AUSTRALIA............... .. .. 19.67 21.13 21.35 22.40 24.23 24.79 25.07 26.01 28.71 30.11 30.63 31.22 ISRAEL.................. 14.45 16.16 18.55 21.31 24.24 28.11 31.03 32.65 34.19 37.43 38.73 39.52 40.16 41.14 JAPAN................... 1565 1606 1651 1680 1682 1698 1686 1674 1690 1673 1693 1727 1744 1779 KOREA, REPUBLIC OF...... .. 4413 4467 5054 5924 6814 7170 8050 8723 8981 10000 10583 11137 11208 SINGAPORE............... .. .. .. 10.92 11.69 12.55 13.75 12.10 12.88 13.09 12.96 12.17 12.58 12.67 TAIWAN.................. 135.6 145.6 155.3 168.5 175.0 197.8 201.5 210.5 205.9 222.7 214.5 206.2 206.6 210.3 AUSTRIA................. 225.4 235.7 249.8 256.9 269.3 280.1 284.9 #21.00 21.31 22.11 22.90 23.12 22.96 23.47 BELGIUM................. .. .. .. 700.4 728.4 749.1 767.2 #19.53 20.52 20.79 21.57 21.88 22.59 23.08 CZECH REPUBLIC.......... .. .. .. .. .. 75.44 80.74 82.38 89.80 101.9 108.7 112.4 119.6 124.3 DENMARK................. 129.8 135.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. FINLAND................. 75.03 78.87 87.00 89.99 93.03 94.14 94.69 #16.61 17.46 18.38 19.27 19.91 20.86 21.71 FRANCE.................. 91.36 94.18 95.55 96.63 98.14 101.0 103.8 #16.23 17.05 17.67 18.26 18.82 19.32 19.86 GERMANY................. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36.42 #18.79 19.54 19.97 20.43 20.90 20.87 21.15 GREECE.................. 1376 1565 1766 1990 2168 2407 2511 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. HUNGARY................. .. .. .. .. 408.7 483.0 555.1 609.5 703.1 813.8 917.4 960.6 1024 1040 IRELAND................. 8.04 8.39 8.58 8.90 8.93 9.34 9.58 #12.98 14.05 16.01 17.25 17.74 17.92 18.47 ITALY................... 24869 26603 28391 29315 30329 31628 31165 #16.14 16.21 16.72 17.43 18.30 19.63 20.08 LUXEMBOURG.............. .. .. .. .. 500.5 511.8 523.6 #13.64 14.02 14.42 14.85 15.34 16.15 16.95 NETHERLANDS............. 37.03 38.68 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. NORWAY.................. 134.6 134.8 138.7 145.4 151.4 156.6 166.9 175.6 179.4 192.9 207.8 216.5 230.9 237.4 POLAND.................. .. .. .. .. .. 8.73 9.84 10.68 11.43 12.30 12.43 12.49 12.59 12.98 SPAIN................... 1328 1396 1449 1479 1588 1612 1699 #10.47 10.63 11.29 12.09 12.52 12.66 12.97 SWEDEN.................. 137.3 131.2 138.3 143.7 153.1 159.6 166.3 169.5 176.1 183.9 189.1 194.6 200.2 205.4 UNITED KINGDOM.......... 7.59 7.87 7.90 8.18 8.65 8.85 9.38 9.71 9.86 10.39 11.55 12.08 12.71 13.80 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, December 2007