-29- Table 8. Production Workers: Hourly direct pay in national currency in manufacturing, 34 countries or areas, 1975-2007 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Americas United States............. 5.18 5.60 6.12 6.67 7.24 7.87 8.64 9.22 9.54 9.91 10.28 10.54 10.76 10.99 11.31 11.85 Brazil.................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Canada.................... 5.79 6.60 7.31 7.83 8.53 9.42 10.57 11.83 12.54 13.17 13.62 14.01 14.49 15.05 15.85 16.67 Mexico.................... 13.62 17.51 22.37 27.23 32.10 36.96 49.60 78.78 116.7 184.8 290.8 471.7 1040 2030 2450 3103 Asia and Oceania Australia................. 3.83 4.53 5.03 5.42 5.92 6.59 7.50 8.64 9.08 9.84 10.24 11.08 11.77 12.65 13.74 14.59 Hong Kong SAR............. 3.60 4.14 4.66 5.35 6.34 7.23 8.34 9.69 10.57 11.90 12.96 14.11 15.71 18.05 20.97 23.97 Israel.................... 1.07 1.42 2.10 3.35 6.28 14.52 35.66 80.33 204.6 1020 #3.58 5.78 7.55 9.15 11.00 12.90 Japan..................... 788.3 846.4 925.2 979.8 1021 1086 1162 1207 1237 1278 1301 1334 1337 1385 1475 1570 Korea, Republic of........ 136.6 177.0 236.7 321.7 424.9 507.6 602.3 692.2 777.9 847.8 939.1 1008 1142 1414 1832 2231 New Zealand............... 2.54 2.91 3.34 3.83 4.42 5.26 6.29 7.20 7.46 7.70 8.61 10.03 10.90 11.91 12.56 13.38 Philippines............... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Singapore................. 1.72 1.83 1.86 1.98 2.20 2.47 2.95 3.24 3.57 3.96 4.13 3.99 4.12 4.67 5.11 5.60 Sri Lanka................. 1.79 1.85 2.61 3.74 3.21 3.25 3.40 4.27 4.98 5.55 6.49 6.96 7.56 8.41 9.52 12.03 Taiwan.................... 13.66 16.19 18.93 22.38 27.24 34.73 42.25 45.97 49.01 53.51 55.56 60.20 66.20 74.00 85.51 97.28 Europe Austria................... 62.64 68.31 74.50 79.10 83.59 89.66 95.92 102.2 107.3 111.4 118.0 123.3 129.7 134.3 140.7 151.0 Belgium................... 162.9 186.3 209.2 226.5 243.1 268.5 298.1 318.8 337.9 355.7 370.2 376.4 385.4 394.3 411.1 431.4 Czech Republic............ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Denmark................... 34.41 38.21 41.44 47.02 53.11 58.37 63.60 70.24 74.28 77.75 80.95 85.17 93.68 99.76 103.5 110.2 Finland................... 14.87 17.16 18.68 20.08 22.38 25.34 28.54 31.53 34.52 38.06 41.10 43.49 46.69 50.88 55.69 61.08 France.................... 17.84 19.97 22.25 24.56 27.22 30.83 34.86 40.13 44.85 48.31 51.24 53.83 55.69 57.62 59.81 62.40 Germany................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Greece.................... 45.47 58.46 70.15 87.04 103.9 132.5 168.9 227.8 272.3 345.6 414.7 463.9 504.7 596.0 720.8 864.0 Hungary................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ireland................... 1.41 1.61 1.79 2.04 2.34 2.77 3.23 3.68 4.14 4.62 4.96 5.30 5.55 5.80 6.01 6.24 Italy..................... 2110 2471 3096 3508 4157 5068 6307 7330 8474 9412 10554 11217 12103 13003 13864 14913 Luxembourg................ 196.6 221.3 236.9 254.0 266.3 286.9 298.4 320.9 341.0 368.2 377.8 392.8 404.4 421.9 443.7 453.7 Netherlands............... 12.76 13.93 15.04 16.42 17.37 18.16 18.72 20.00 20.70 21.41 22.19 22.78 23.40 23.81 24.40 25.38 Norway.................... 31.07 36.02 39.98 43.61 44.72 49.15 54.03 59.69 64.62 70.41 76.06 83.37 96.28 101.9 108.1 115.3 Poland.................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Portugal.................. 31.77 39.59 46.73 55.45 63.41 78.98 95.81 114.0 135.5 158.7 194.2 229.6 263.4 295.7 346.5 398.7 Spain..................... 98.71 130.0 169.1 213.1 259.0 305.9 369.3 422.0 476.8 526.4 583.0 643.2 692.5 732.2 777.6 848.2 Sweden.................... 22.29 26.13 27.99 30.95 34.37 37.14 41.47 44.10 46.45 51.66 56.45 60.07 64.80 69.69 76.00 83.88 Switzerland............... 13.32 13.63 13.93 14.37 14.80 15.65 16.76 17.89 18.57 19.06 19.89 20.72 21.31 22.10 22.96 24.32 United Kingdom............ 1.28 1.48 1.61 1.85 2.12 2.53 2.82 3.11 3.38 3.60 3.89 4.18 4.46 4.82 5.19 5.67 Continued on the following page. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2009. -30- Table 8. Production Workers: Hourly direct pay in national currency in manufacturing, 34 countries or areas, 1975-2007 Country or Area 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Americas United States............. 12.29 12.54 12.84 13.21 13.61 14.11 14.48 14.79 15.18 15.75 16.31 16.92 17.44 17.87 18.39 18.62 Brazil.................... .. .. .. .. .. 3.82 4.14 4.21 4.15 4.34 4.71 5.08 5.67 6.25 6.82 7.37 Canada.................... 17.47 18.08 18.50 18.81 19.07 19.66 19.78 20.18 20.46 20.98 21.40 22.03 22.72 23.31 23.74 23.86 Mexico.................... 3858 4606 #5.20 6.55 7.75 8.83 9.80 10.68 12.33 14.01 15.69 17.37 19.08 20.14 21.17 22.20 Asia and Oceania Australia................. 15.18 15.51 15.96 16.56 17.43 17.97 18.46 19.64 20.10 20.20 20.88 23.04 24.63 25.46 26.43 27.78 Hong Kong SAR............. 26.71 29.82 31.74 33.95 35.35 37.55 39.48 39.65 39.48 40.26 40.99 40.43 39.50 39.27 40.22 41.11 Israel.................... 14.98 16.59 18.50 20.51 23.55 26.87 30.90 34.25 36.66 38.82 42.49 43.14 43.99 44.94 46.15 47.32 Japan..................... 1681 1756 1794 1814 1870 1875 1920 1940 1932 1949 1941 1910 1919 1929 1928 1911 Korea, Republic of........ 2799 3295 3660 4158 4627 5335 5632 5706 6049 6655 7178 8117 8813 9679 10563 11367 New Zealand............... 13.86 14.09 14.02 14.41 14.83 15.40 15.95 16.40 16.79 17.38 18.05 18.69 19.18 19.61 20.29 21.29 Philippines............... 15.88 17.19 17.08 19.82 20.59 22.36 23.91 24.87 26.36 27.71 30.50 32.59 34.47 37.83 40.73 43.27 Singapore................. 6.02 6.43 6.75 7.58 8.60 9.21 9.59 10.06 10.33 10.82 10.70 10.30 10.76 10.86 10.58 11.82 Sri Lanka................. 14.20 15.00 17.31 19.12 20.95 22.70 23.01 25.79 27.93 31.52 34.36 40.49 42.11 44.98 46.75 50.53 Taiwan.................... 107.3 117.6 125.7 133.2 140.8 146.0 151.2 157.5 161.4 165.8 175.0 169.5 172.5 175.3 180.3 182.8 Europe Austria................... 158.5 166.5 174.0 179.0 187.5 197.8 201.2 206.5 #15.45 15.83 16.45 16.93 17.28 17.44 18.03 18.51 Belgium................... 453.6 473.9 496.1 518.8 532.1 547.9 558.9 574.8 #14.57 14.95 15.55 16.14 16.45 16.92 17.35 17.79 Czech Republic............ .. .. .. .. 49.71 59.36 65.58 71.48 75.01 80.26 87.21 91.52 97.20 102.0 106.8 113.1 Denmark................... 115.1 118.9 121.8 126.5 132.3 136.7 142.7 148.3 155.7 161.2 168.2 174.5 180.3 180.5 186.1 192.0 Finland................... 64.96 67.07 68.12 71.22 76.24 79.66 81.28 83.55 #14.44 15.11 15.82 16.40 16.97 17.70 18.05 18.69 France.................... 64.81 67.08 67.76 68.49 69.58 70.89 72.50 73.73 #11.47 11.98 12.38 12.70 12.92 13.12 13.43 13.80 Germany................... .. .. 30.41 31.17 32.51 33.69 34.16 34.51 #17.77 18.78 19.21 19.60 20.13 20.26 20.60 20.98 Greece.................... 1012 1170 1288 1451 1640 1779 1944 2046 2062 2198 #6.85 7.33 7.78 8.60 8.98 9.36 Hungary................... .. .. .. 209.6 248.9 298.6 358.3 413.3 471.7 546.2 635.7 718.6 766.3 828.8 879.9 962.6 Ireland................... 6.55 6.84 7.25 7.39 7.57 7.79 8.11 8.62 #11.69 12.56 13.71 14.56 15.05 15.57 16.47 17.44 Italy..................... 16523 17589 17987 18250 18602 18904 19268 19841 #10.51 10.76 11.17 11.80 12.41 13.09 13.45 13.89 Luxembourg................ 476.5 501.6 534.3 567.3 596.2 597.2 603.1 609.1 #15.65 16.09 16.32 16.86 17.45 18.31 19.03 19.18 Netherlands............... 26.17 27.30 28.40 29.16 29.52 29.70 31.14 32.74 #15.42 15.95 16.61 17.33 17.94 18.45 18.71 18.92 Norway.................... 121.5 124.7 127.4 131.6 137.1 143.1 148.2 160.1 168.9 175.2 183.4 190.5 195.1 203.6 207.1 218.3 Poland.................... .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.30 7.16 9.56 10.16 10.82 11.11 11.37 11.68 12.14 12.97 Portugal.................. 455.3 518.5 540.0 568.7 602.6 628.9 681.2 715.7 #3.75 4.03 4.24 4.46 4.54 4.73 4.79 4.82 Spain..................... 930.3 1004 1063 1109 1160 1240 1302 1314 #8.24 8.51 8.87 9.32 9.76 10.16 10.52 10.95 Sweden.................... 89.68 95.28 96.50 101.3 106.7 113.6 118.7 123.1 125.6 130.0 134.3 139.2 143.8 148.1 152.5 157.1 Switzerland............... 26.02 27.25 27.91 28.41 28.66 29.00 29.07 29.30 29.37 29.74 30.55 31.09 31.48 31.69 32.10 32.47 United Kingdom............ 6.06 6.56 6.79 6.97 7.20 7.55 7.93 8.34 8.57 8.83 9.41 9.71 10.23 10.46 10.96 11.24 Continued on the following page. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2009. -31- Table 8. Production Workers: Hourly direct pay in national currency in manufacturing, 34 countries or areas, 1975-2007 Country or Area 2007 Americas United States............. 19.17 Brazil.................... 7.85 Canada.................... 24.85 Mexico.................... 23.52 Asia and Oceania Australia................. 28.45 Hong Kong SAR............. 41.27 Israel.................... 48.99 Japan..................... 1911 Korea, Republic of........ 12244 New Zealand............... 22.38 Philippines............... 44.15 Singapore................. 10.78 Sri Lanka................. 57.52 Taiwan.................... 185.1 Europe Austria................... 19.14 Belgium................... 18.14 Czech Republic............ 123.4 Denmark................... 201.7 Finland................... 19.53 France.................... 14.18 Germany................... 22.00 Greece.................... 9.68 Hungary................... 1064 Ireland................... 18.14 Italy..................... 14.28 Luxembourg................ 19.32 Netherlands............... 19.28 Norway.................... 232.4 Poland.................... 14.32 Portugal.................. 4.85 Spain..................... 11.34 Sweden.................... 162.9 Switzerland............... 32.94 United Kingdom............ 11.69 '..' means data not available. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2009.