-26- Table 7. Production Workers: Hourly direct pay in U.S. dollars in manufacturing, 34 countries or areas and selected economic groups, 1975-2007 Country or Area 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Americas United States............. 5.18 5.60 6.12 6.67 7.24 7.87 8.64 9.22 9.54 9.91 10.28 10.54 10.76 10.99 11.31 11.85 Brazil.................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Canada.................... 5.69 6.69 6.88 6.87 7.29 8.06 8.81 9.59 10.18 10.17 9.97 10.08 10.93 12.23 13.39 14.29 Mexico.................... 1.09 1.21 0.99 1.20 1.41 1.61 2.02 1.40 0.97 1.10 1.13 0.77 0.75 0.89 1.00 1.10 Asia and Oceania Australia................. 5.01 5.53 5.57 6.21 6.62 7.51 8.63 8.78 8.19 8.65 7.17 7.44 8.26 9.93 10.88 11.39 Hong Kong SAR............. 0.73 0.85 1.00 1.14 1.27 1.45 1.50 1.60 1.46 1.52 1.66 1.81 2.01 2.31 2.69 3.08 Israel.................... 1.68 1.77 2.00 1.92 2.47 2.83 3.12 3.31 3.64 3.48 3.04 3.89 4.74 5.73 5.74 6.40 Japan..................... 2.66 2.86 3.45 4.70 4.68 4.81 5.28 4.85 5.21 5.38 5.45 7.92 9.24 10.80 10.68 10.83 Korea, Republic of........ 0.28 0.37 0.49 0.66 0.88 0.84 0.88 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.08 1.14 1.39 1.93 2.73 3.15 New Zealand............... 3.08 2.88 3.24 3.97 4.52 5.12 5.47 5.40 4.98 4.46 4.28 5.26 6.47 7.81 7.46 7.98 Philippines............... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Singapore................. 0.73 0.74 0.76 0.87 1.01 1.16 1.40 1.51 1.69 1.86 1.88 1.83 1.96 2.32 2.62 3.09 Sri Lanka................. 0.25 0.22 0.29 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.30 Taiwan.................... 0.36 0.43 0.50 0.60 0.76 0.96 1.15 1.18 1.22 1.35 1.39 1.59 2.08 2.59 3.24 3.61 Europe Austria................... 3.60 3.81 4.51 5.46 6.25 6.93 6.04 5.99 5.97 5.57 5.70 8.08 10.25 10.87 10.62 13.33 Belgium................... 4.44 4.83 5.84 7.20 8.29 9.20 8.05 6.96 6.61 6.16 6.24 8.43 10.31 10.72 10.43 12.91 Czech Republic............ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Denmark................... 6.00 6.32 6.90 8.54 10.10 10.37 8.96 8.42 8.12 7.51 7.64 10.52 13.68 14.80 14.14 17.80 Finland................... 4.06 4.45 4.65 4.89 6.21 6.81 6.61 6.56 6.20 6.34 6.63 8.57 10.60 12.14 12.96 15.95 France.................... 4.17 4.18 4.53 5.46 6.40 7.31 6.44 6.10 5.89 5.53 5.71 7.77 9.26 9.67 9.37 11.46 Germany................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Greece.................... 1.41 1.60 1.90 2.37 2.81 3.11 3.05 3.41 3.09 3.07 3.00 3.31 3.73 4.20 4.44 5.45 Hungary................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ireland................... 3.14 2.90 3.13 3.92 4.78 5.69 5.22 5.23 5.17 5.02 5.28 7.11 8.26 8.85 8.52 10.35 Italy..................... 3.23 2.98 3.51 4.13 5.00 5.93 5.58 5.41 5.58 5.36 5.53 7.52 9.33 9.99 10.10 12.45 Luxembourg................ 5.34 5.73 6.61 8.07 9.08 9.81 8.04 7.02 6.67 6.37 6.36 8.79 10.83 11.47 11.26 13.57 Netherlands............... 5.06 5.27 6.13 7.60 8.66 9.15 7.53 7.49 7.25 6.67 6.69 9.31 11.55 12.04 11.50 13.93 Norway.................... 5.96 6.60 7.51 8.32 8.83 9.96 9.43 9.24 8.85 8.63 8.85 11.27 14.28 15.62 15.64 18.44 Poland.................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Portugal.................. 1.25 1.31 1.23 1.26 1.30 1.58 1.56 1.42 1.21 1.07 1.13 1.53 1.87 2.05 2.20 2.79 Spain..................... 1.72 1.94 2.25 2.79 3.86 4.27 4.01 3.83 3.32 3.27 3.43 4.59 5.61 6.28 6.57 8.32 Sweden.................... 5.38 6.00 6.26 6.85 8.02 8.78 8.24 7.02 6.05 6.25 6.56 8.43 10.21 11.36 11.77 14.16 Switzerland............... 5.16 5.45 5.81 8.09 8.90 9.35 8.55 8.80 8.84 8.11 8.10 11.52 14.28 15.09 14.03 17.49 United Kingdom............ 2.84 2.67 2.80 3.55 4.50 5.89 5.70 5.44 5.13 4.81 5.05 6.13 7.32 8.58 8.50 10.11 Trade-Weighted Measures All 33 Foreign Economies (1,3)................... 3.38 3.73 4.00 4.53 5.03 5.57 5.66 5.64 5.70 5.63 5.61 6.57 7.60 8.49 8.79 9.88 OECD (4).................. 3.65 4.02 4.31 4.89 5.41 5.99 6.07 6.04 6.10 6.01 6.00 7.03 8.12 9.04 9.34 10.49 Europe.................... 4.07 4.16 4.70 5.77 6.78 7.64 6.80 6.54 6.35 5.95 6.10 8.24 10.15 10.94 10.70 13.09 Euro Area (2)............. 4.14 4.25 4.90 5.97 7.00 7.77 6.77 6.53 6.39 5.96 6.10 8.38 10.36 11.01 10.77 13.23 Eastern Europe (6)........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. East Asia ex-Japan (5).... 0.45 0.52 0.61 0.75 0.92 1.02 1.15 1.21 1.27 1.37 1.41 1.50 1.79 2.25 2.85 3.27 Continued on the following page. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2009. -27- Table 7. Production Workers: Hourly direct pay in U.S. dollars in manufacturing, 34 countries or areas and selected economic groups, 1975-2007 Country or Area 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Americas United States............. 12.29 12.54 12.84 13.21 13.61 14.11 14.48 14.79 15.18 15.75 16.31 16.92 17.44 17.87 18.39 18.62 Brazil.................... .. .. .. .. .. 3.80 3.84 3.63 2.28 2.37 2.00 1.74 1.84 2.14 2.80 3.39 Canada.................... 15.25 14.95 14.34 13.77 13.89 14.42 14.28 13.60 13.77 14.13 13.82 14.03 16.22 17.91 19.59 21.04 Mexico.................... 1.28 1.49 1.67 1.94 1.21 1.16 1.24 1.17 1.29 1.48 1.68 1.80 1.77 1.78 1.94 2.04 Asia and Oceania Australia................. 11.82 11.40 10.85 12.11 12.91 14.07 13.73 12.35 12.97 11.75 10.79 12.52 16.07 18.75 20.16 20.94 Hong Kong SAR............. 3.44 3.85 4.10 4.39 4.57 4.86 5.10 5.12 5.09 5.17 5.25 5.18 5.07 5.04 5.17 5.29 Israel.................... 6.57 6.75 6.54 6.81 7.82 8.42 8.96 9.01 8.86 9.52 10.10 9.10 9.66 10.03 10.28 10.62 Japan..................... 12.49 13.85 16.15 17.76 19.90 17.24 15.86 14.81 16.99 18.08 15.97 15.25 16.55 17.84 17.51 16.43 Korea, Republic of........ 3.82 4.22 4.56 5.17 6.00 6.63 5.92 4.07 5.08 5.88 5.56 6.49 7.39 8.45 10.32 11.91 New Zealand............... 8.02 7.58 7.59 8.56 9.73 10.59 10.57 8.79 8.89 7.94 7.59 8.68 11.17 13.03 14.30 13.82 Philippines............... 0.58 0.67 0.63 0.75 0.80 0.86 0.81 0.61 0.67 0.63 0.60 0.63 0.64 0.68 0.74 0.84 Singapore................. 3.49 3.95 4.18 4.96 6.07 6.53 6.46 6.01 6.09 6.27 5.97 5.75 6.17 6.42 6.36 7.45 Sri Lanka................. 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.38 0.42 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.49 Taiwan.................... 4.01 4.67 4.76 5.03 5.32 5.32 5.25 4.70 4.99 5.30 5.17 4.91 5.01 5.25 5.61 5.62 Europe Austria................... 13.56 15.15 14.95 15.69 18.61 18.68 16.49 16.68 16.46 14.61 14.73 16.01 19.57 21.70 22.45 23.26 Belgium................... 13.26 14.74 14.35 15.52 18.05 17.69 15.61 15.83 15.52 13.80 13.92 15.26 18.63 21.04 21.60 22.35 Czech Republic............ .. .. .. .. 1.87 2.19 2.07 2.21 2.17 2.08 2.29 2.80 3.45 3.97 4.46 5.00 Denmark................... 17.98 19.69 18.78 19.90 23.62 23.56 21.59 22.12 22.28 19.91 20.18 22.12 27.41 30.14 31.05 32.31 Finland................... 16.03 14.95 11.90 13.61 17.42 17.34 15.64 15.63 15.38 13.95 14.17 15.50 19.22 22.01 22.47 23.49 France.................... 11.48 12.67 11.96 12.35 13.95 13.86 12.42 12.50 12.22 11.06 11.09 12.01 14.62 16.32 16.72 17.34 Germany................... .. .. 18.38 19.22 22.70 22.39 19.69 19.61 18.93 17.34 17.20 18.53 22.79 25.21 25.64 26.36 Greece.................... 5.55 6.14 5.62 5.98 7.08 7.39 7.12 6.92 6.72 6.01 6.13 6.93 8.81 10.69 11.17 11.75 Hungary................... .. .. .. 1.99 1.98 1.96 1.92 1.93 1.99 1.94 2.22 2.79 3.42 4.09 4.41 4.58 Ireland................... 10.58 11.66 10.62 11.07 12.14 12.46 12.30 12.28 12.46 11.60 12.28 13.77 17.04 19.36 20.50 21.91 Italy..................... 13.31 14.28 11.43 11.32 11.42 12.25 11.31 11.42 11.19 9.93 10.00 11.16 14.04 16.28 16.74 17.45 Luxembourg................ 13.95 15.60 15.44 16.95 20.22 19.29 16.86 16.78 16.67 14.86 14.61 15.94 19.76 22.77 23.69 24.10 Netherlands............... 13.98 15.52 15.29 16.03 18.40 17.62 15.95 16.51 16.43 14.72 14.87 16.39 20.31 22.95 23.30 23.77 Norway.................... 18.72 20.06 17.95 18.65 21.64 22.15 20.92 21.19 21.64 19.88 20.38 23.86 27.56 30.21 32.15 34.07 Poland.................... .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.92 2.06 2.41 2.33 2.64 2.72 2.92 3.19 3.75 4.18 Portugal.................. 3.14 3.84 3.35 3.43 4.02 4.08 3.88 3.97 4.00 3.72 3.80 4.21 5.14 5.89 5.97 6.06 Spain..................... 8.95 9.81 8.34 8.29 9.31 9.79 8.88 8.79 8.78 7.86 7.94 8.81 11.05 12.64 13.09 13.76 Sweden.................... 14.82 16.35 12.38 13.13 14.95 16.93 15.52 15.47 15.18 14.17 12.98 14.32 17.79 20.16 20.41 21.31 Switzerland............... 18.12 19.38 18.88 20.79 24.26 23.46 20.03 20.20 19.52 17.60 18.08 19.97 23.40 25.50 25.77 25.91 United Kingdom............ 10.70 11.59 10.20 10.68 11.37 11.79 12.99 13.81 13.86 13.38 13.55 14.58 16.72 19.18 19.96 20.74 Trade-Weighted Measures All 33 Foreign Economies (1,3)................... 10.45 11.03 10.88 11.24 12.12 11.82 11.19 10.83 11.08 10.96 10.68 11.09 12.88 14.24 14.95 15.56 OECD (4).................. 11.19 11.78 11.61 11.96 12.88 12.74 12.02 11.64 11.95 11.79 11.47 11.98 14.00 15.52 16.29 16.93 Europe.................... 13.51 14.84 13.89 14.48 16.43 16.46 15.02 15.23 14.97 13.72 13.79 15.06 18.29 20.53 21.09 21.82 Euro Area (2)............. 13.60 15.00 14.28 14.90 17.13 17.03 15.28 15.36 15.04 13.63 13.70 14.95 18.43 20.68 21.18 21.92 Eastern Europe (6)........ .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.96 2.06 2.21 2.14 2.42 2.76 3.22 3.68 4.15 4.53 East Asia ex-Japan (5).... 3.52 3.98 4.19 4.67 5.27 5.61 5.36 4.48 4.92 5.32 5.12 5.32 5.73 6.21 6.95 7.73 Continued on the following page. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2009. -28- Table 7. Production Workers: Hourly direct pay in U.S. dollars in manufacturing, 34 countries or areas and selected economic groups, 1975-2007 Country or Area 2007 Americas United States............. 19.17 Brazil.................... 4.03 Canada.................... 23.15 Mexico.................... 2.15 Asia and Oceania Australia................. 23.88 Hong Kong SAR............. 5.29 Israel.................... 11.85 Japan..................... 16.23 Korea, Republic of........ 13.18 New Zealand............... 16.48 Philippines............... 0.94 Singapore................. 7.16 Sri Lanka................. 0.52 Taiwan.................... 5.64 Europe Austria................... 26.25 Belgium................... 24.87 Czech Republic............ 6.01 Denmark................... 37.06 Finland................... 26.78 France.................... 19.45 Germany................... 30.16 Greece.................... 13.28 Hungary................... 5.75 Ireland................... 24.88 Italy..................... 19.57 Luxembourg................ 26.50 Netherlands............... 26.43 Norway.................... 39.68 Poland.................... 5.11 Portugal.................. 6.65 Spain..................... 15.54 Sweden.................... 24.11 Switzerland............... 27.45 United Kingdom............ 23.40 Trade-Weighted Measures All 33 Foreign Economies (1,3)................... 17.06 OECD (4).................. 18.61 Europe.................... 24.60 Euro Area (2)............. 24.78 Eastern Europe (6)........ 5.56 East Asia ex-Japan (5).... 8.12 '..' means data not available. (1) For a description of trade-weighted measures and economic groups, see the Technical Notes preceding these tables. (2) Euro Area refers to European Union member countries in this release that have adopted the Euro as the common currency as of January 1, 2009. (3) The trade-weighted measures for production workers in this table are not directly comparable with those for all employees; the country coverage of the two series differs slightly. (4) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (5) East Asia ex-Japan includes Hong Kong SAR, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan. (6) Eastern Europe refers to the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, March 2009.