Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers: 2004
Tables 1 - 10
Employed wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage, 2004 annual averages:
- by selected characteristics
- by census region and division
- by State
- by major occupation group
- by major industry group
- by educational attainment
- by age and sex
- by marital status, age, and sex
- by usual hours worked per week
- by sex (1979-2004 annual averages)
Table 1. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by selected characteristics, 2004 annual averages
| Characteristic |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
| AGE AND SEX |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
73,939 |
2,003 |
520 |
1,483 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
2.7 |
0.7 |
2.0 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
16,174 |
1,022 |
272 |
750 |
21.9 |
51.0 |
52.3 |
50.6 |
6.3 |
1.7 |
4.6 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
5,433 |
497 |
168 |
329 |
7.3 |
24.8 |
32.3 |
22.2 |
9.1 |
3.1 |
6.1 |
|
25 years and over
|
57,765 |
982 |
249 |
733 |
78.1 |
49.0 |
47.9 |
49.4 |
1.7 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
|
Men, 16 years and over
|
36,806 |
680 |
210 |
470 |
49.8 |
33.9 |
40.4 |
31.7 |
1.8 |
0.6 |
1.3 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
8,305 |
366 |
127 |
239 |
11.2 |
18.3 |
24.4 |
16.1 |
4.4 |
1.5 |
2.9 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
2,672 |
179 |
78 |
101 |
3.6 |
8.9 |
15.0 |
6.8 |
6.7 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
|
25 years and over
|
28,500 |
314 |
83 |
231 |
38.5 |
15.7 |
16.0 |
15.6 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
|
Women, 16 years and over
|
37,133 |
1,323 |
310 |
1,013 |
50.2 |
66.1 |
59.6 |
68.3 |
3.6 |
0.8 |
2.7 |
|
16 to 24 years
|
7,869 |
655 |
145 |
510 |
10.6 |
32.7 |
27.9 |
34.4 |
8.3 |
1.8 |
6.5 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
2,761 |
319 |
90 |
229 |
3.7 |
15.9 |
17.3 |
15.4 |
11.6 |
3.3 |
8.3 |
|
25 years and over
|
29,265 |
668 |
166 |
502 |
39.6 |
33.3 |
31.9 |
33.9 |
2.3 |
0.6 |
1.7 |
| RACE, SEX, AND HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White
|
59,877 |
1,681 |
395 |
1,286 |
81.0 |
83.9 |
76.0 |
86.7 |
2.8 |
0.7 |
2.1 |
|
Men
|
30,255 |
554 |
161 |
393 |
40.9 |
27.7 |
31.0 |
26.5 |
1.8 |
0.5 |
1.3 |
|
Women
|
29,621 |
1,126 |
234 |
892 |
40.1 |
56.2 |
45.0 |
60.1 |
3.8 |
0.8 |
3.0 |
|
Black or African American
|
9,417 |
227 |
99 |
128 |
12.7 |
11.3 |
19.0 |
8.6 |
2.4 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
|
Men
|
4,243 |
89 |
40 |
49 |
5.7 |
4.4 |
7.7 |
3.3 |
2.1 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
Women
|
5,174 |
138 |
59 |
79 |
7.0 |
6.9 |
11.3 |
5.3 |
2.7 |
1.1 |
1.5 |
|
Asian
|
2,672 |
38 |
8 |
30 |
3.6 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
1.1 |
|
Men
|
1,295 |
15 |
3 |
12 |
1.8 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
|
Women
|
1,378 |
23 |
5 |
18 |
1.9 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.7 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
|
Hispanic or Latino
|
12,073 |
250 |
82 |
168 |
16.3 |
12.5 |
15.8 |
11.3 |
2.1 |
0.7 |
1.4 |
|
Men
|
7,183 |
98 |
32 |
66 |
9.7 |
4.9 |
6.2 |
4.5 |
1.4 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
|
Women
|
4,890 |
151 |
49 |
102 |
6.6 |
7.5 |
9.4 |
6.9 |
3.1 |
1.0 |
2.1 |
| FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS AND SEX |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Full-time workers
|
55,739 |
760 |
177 |
583 |
75.4 |
37.9 |
34.0 |
39.3 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
|
Men
|
30,951 |
300 |
77 |
223 |
41.9 |
15.0 |
14.8 |
15.0 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
Women
|
24,788 |
460 |
100 |
360 |
33.5 |
23.0 |
19.2 |
24.3 |
1.9 |
0.4 |
1.5 |
|
Part-time workers
|
18,046 |
1,240 |
343 |
897 |
24.4 |
61.9 |
66.0 |
60.5 |
6.9 |
1.9 |
5.0 |
|
Men
|
5,770 |
378 |
132 |
246 |
7.8 |
18.9 |
25.4 |
16.6 |
6.6 |
2.3 |
4.3 |
|
Women
|
12,276 |
861 |
210 |
651 |
16.6 |
43.0 |
40.4 |
43.9 |
7.0 |
1.7 |
5.3 |
1 Detail for the race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) will not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as race.
2 The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
NOTE: Data exclude all the self-employed, both unincorporated and incorporated.
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Table 2. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by census region and division, 2004 annual averages
| Region and division |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
73,939 |
2,003 |
520 |
1,483 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
2.7 |
0.7 |
2.0 |
|
Northeast
|
12,923 |
364 |
93 |
271 |
17.5 |
18.2 |
17.9 |
18.3 |
2.8 |
0.7 |
2.1 |
|
New England
|
3,809 |
89 |
13 |
76 |
5.2 |
4.4 |
2.5 |
5.1 |
2.3 |
0.3 |
2.0 |
|
Middle Atlantic
|
9,114 |
275 |
79 |
196 |
12.3 |
13.7 |
15.2 |
13.2 |
3.0 |
0.9 |
2.2 |
|
Midwest
|
18,768 |
533 |
110 |
423 |
25.4 |
26.6 |
21.2 |
28.5 |
2.8 |
0.6 |
2.3 |
|
East North Central
|
12,978 |
384 |
69 |
315 |
17.6 |
19.2 |
13.3 |
21.2 |
3.0 |
0.5 |
2.4 |
|
West North Central
|
5,790 |
149 |
41 |
108 |
7.8 |
7.4 |
7.9 |
7.3 |
2.6 |
0.7 |
1.9 |
|
South
|
25,343 |
840 |
232 |
608 |
34.3 |
41.9 |
44.6 |
41.0 |
3.3 |
0.9 |
2.4 |
|
South Atlantic
|
13,020 |
374 |
66 |
308 |
17.6 |
18.7 |
12.7 |
20.8 |
2.9 |
0.5 |
2.4 |
|
East South Central
|
4,455 |
154 |
55 |
99 |
6.0 |
7.7 |
10.6 |
6.7 |
3.5 |
1.2 |
2.2 |
|
West South Central
|
7,868 |
312 |
111 |
201 |
10.6 |
15.6 |
21.3 |
13.6 |
4.0 |
1.4 |
2.6 |
|
West
|
16,905 |
267 |
86 |
181 |
22.9 |
13.3 |
16.5 |
12.2 |
1.6 |
0.5 |
1.1 |
|
Mountain
|
5,143 |
168 |
53 |
115 |
7.0 |
8.4 |
10.2 |
7.8 |
3.3 |
1.0 |
2.2 |
|
Pacific
|
11,761 |
99 |
33 |
66 |
15.9 |
4.9 |
6.3 |
4.5 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self-employed, both unincorporated and incorporated.
The four major regions and nine census divisions of the United States are as follows:
- Northeast:
- New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont
- Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania
- Midwest:
- East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin
- West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota
- South:
- South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia
- East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee
- West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas
- West:
- Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming
- Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington
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Table 3. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by State, 2004 annual averages
| State |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
73,939 |
2,003 |
520 |
1,483 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
2.7 |
0.7 |
2.0 |
|
Alabama
|
1,142 |
53 |
28 |
25 |
1.5 |
2.6 |
5.4 |
1.7 |
4.6 |
2.5 |
2.2 |
|
Alaska
|
194 |
1 |
- |
1 |
0.3 |
- |
- |
0.1 |
0.5 |
- |
0.5 |
|
Arizona
|
1,470 |
43 |
10 |
33 |
2.0 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
2.2 |
2.9 |
0.7 |
2.2 |
|
Arkansas
|
655 |
18 |
8 |
10 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
2.7 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
|
California
|
8,575 |
72 |
26 |
46 |
11.6 |
3.6 |
5.0 |
3.1 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
|
Colorado
|
1,116 |
40 |
6 |
34 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
1.2 |
2.3 |
3.6 |
0.5 |
3.0 |
|
Connecticut
|
876 |
16 |
2 |
14 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
1.8 |
0.2 |
1.6 |
|
Delaware
|
204 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
2.0 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
|
District of Columbia
|
107 |
3 |
1 |
2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
2.8 |
0.9 |
1.9 |
|
Florida
|
4,037 |
146 |
13 |
133 |
5.5 |
7.3 |
2.5 |
9.0 |
3.6 |
0.3 |
3.3 |
|
Georgia
|
2,022 |
39 |
7 |
32 |
2.7 |
1.9 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
0.3 |
1.6 |
|
Hawaii
|
329 |
5 |
1 |
4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
|
Idaho
|
383 |
12 |
3 |
9 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
3.1 |
0.8 |
2.3 |
|
Illinois
|
3,184 |
84 |
13 |
71 |
4.3 |
4.2 |
2.5 |
4.8 |
2.6 |
0.4 |
2.2 |
|
Indiana
|
1,779 |
36 |
5 |
31 |
2.4 |
1.8 |
1.0 |
2.1 |
2.0 |
0.3 |
1.7 |
|
Iowa
|
882 |
26 |
6 |
20 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
2.9 |
0.7 |
2.3 |
|
Kansas
|
797 |
23 |
6 |
17 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
2.9 |
0.8 |
2.1 |
|
Kentucky
|
1,148 |
45 |
15 |
30 |
1.6 |
2.2 |
2.9 |
2.0 |
3.9 |
1.3 |
2.6 |
|
Louisiana
|
1,070 |
55 |
23 |
32 |
1.4 |
2.7 |
4.4 |
2.2 |
5.1 |
2.1 |
3.0 |
|
Maine
|
396 |
9 |
1 |
8 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
2.3 |
0.3 |
2.0 |
|
Maryland
|
1,294 |
24 |
4 |
20 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.9 |
0.3 |
1.5 |
|
Massachusetts
|
1,679 |
43 |
8 |
35 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
2.4 |
2.6 |
0.5 |
2.1 |
|
Michigan
|
2,888 |
90 |
16 |
74 |
3.9 |
4.5 |
3.1 |
5.0 |
3.1 |
0.6 |
2.6 |
|
Minnesota
|
1,529 |
31 |
13 |
18 |
2.1 |
1.5 |
2.5 |
1.2 |
2.0 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
|
Mississippi
|
658 |
17 |
6 |
11 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
0.7 |
2.6 |
0.9 |
1.7 |
|
Missouri
|
1,601 |
42 |
9 |
33 |
2.2 |
2.1 |
1.7 |
2.2 |
2.6 |
0.6 |
2.1 |
|
Montana
|
252 |
8 |
5 |
3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
1.0 |
0.2 |
3.2 |
2.0 |
1.2 |
|
Nebraska
|
557 |
16 |
4 |
12 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
2.9 |
0.7 |
2.2 |
|
Nevada
|
640 |
16 |
9 |
7 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1.7 |
0.5 |
2.5 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
|
New Hampshire
|
376 |
9 |
1 |
8 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
2.4 |
0.3 |
2.1 |
|
New Jersey
|
1,842 |
59 |
14 |
45 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
2.7 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
0.8 |
2.4 |
|
New Mexico
|
470 |
26 |
13 |
13 |
0.6 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
0.9 |
5.5 |
2.8 |
2.8 |
|
New York
|
4,009 |
128 |
39 |
89 |
5.4 |
6.4 |
7.5 |
6.0 |
3.2 |
1.0 |
2.2 |
|
North Carolina
|
2,099 |
54 |
16 |
38 |
2.8 |
2.7 |
3.1 |
2.6 |
2.6 |
0.8 |
1.8 |
|
North Dakota
|
195 |
5 |
2 |
3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
2.6 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
|
Ohio
|
3,324 |
125 |
25 |
100 |
4.5 |
6.2 |
4.8 |
6.7 |
3.8 |
0.8 |
3.0 |
|
Oklahoma
|
849 |
41 |
13 |
28 |
1.1 |
2.0 |
2.5 |
1.9 |
4.8 |
1.5 |
3.3 |
|
Oregon
|
951 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
1.3 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Pennsylvania
|
3,263 |
89 |
27 |
62 |
4.4 |
4.4 |
5.2 |
4.2 |
2.7 |
0.8 |
1.9 |
|
Rhode Island
|
306 |
8 |
1 |
7 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
2.6 |
0.3 |
2.3 |
|
South Carolina
|
1,062 |
43 |
7 |
36 |
1.4 |
2.1 |
1.3 |
2.4 |
4.0 |
0.7 |
3.4 |
|
South Dakota
|
229 |
8 |
2 |
6 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
3.5 |
0.9 |
2.6 |
|
Tennesee
|
1,507 |
40 |
7 |
33 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
2.7 |
0.5 |
2.2 |
|
Texas
|
5,293 |
198 |
67 |
131 |
7.2 |
9.9 |
12.9 |
8.8 |
3.7 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
|
Utah
|
667 |
19 |
6 |
13 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
2.8 |
0.9 |
1.9 |
|
Vermont
|
176 |
5 |
1 |
4 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
2.8 |
0.6 |
2.3 |
|
Virginia
|
1,720 |
42 |
5 |
37 |
2.3 |
2.1 |
1.0 |
2.5 |
2.4 |
0.3 |
2.2 |
|
Washington
|
1,713 |
15 |
3 |
12 |
2.3 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
West Virginia
|
475 |
20 |
11 |
9 |
0.6 |
1.0 |
2.1 |
0.6 |
4.2 |
2.3 |
1.9 |
|
Wisconsin
|
1,804 |
49 |
10 |
39 |
2.4 |
2.4 |
1.9 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
0.6 |
2.2 |
|
Wyoming
|
145 |
4 |
1 |
3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
2.8 |
0.7 |
2.1 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self-employed, both unincorporated and incorporated. Users are reminded that these data are based on a sample and are
therefore subject to sampling error; the degree of error may be quite large for less populous States. It is not possible to clearly determine whether
workers surveyed in the CPS are actually covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual State minimum wage laws. Thus, some workers reported as earning an hourly wage of $5.15 may not in fact be covered by Federal or State minimum wage laws. At the same time, the presence of a sizable number of workers with wages below the prevailing Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the FLSA or applicable State laws, because there are numerous exclusions and exemptions to these minimum wage statutes. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.
top
Table 4. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by major occupation group, 2004 annual averages
| Occupation |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
73,939 |
2,003 |
520 |
1,483 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
2.7 |
0.7 |
2.0 |
|
Management, professional, and related occupations
|
13,743 |
66 |
27 |
39 |
18.6 |
3.3 |
5.2 |
2.6 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
|
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations
|
3,750 |
16 |
2 |
14 |
5.1 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
|
Professional and related occupations
|
9,993 |
50 |
25 |
25 |
13.5 |
2.5 |
4.8 |
1.7 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Service occupations
|
16,381 |
1,494 |
256 |
1,238 |
22.2 |
74.6 |
49.2 |
83.5 |
9.1 |
1.6 |
7.6 |
|
Healthcare support occupations
|
2,460 |
33 |
12 |
21 |
3.3 |
1.6 |
2.3 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
0.5 |
0.9 |
|
Protective service occupations
|
1,823 |
24 |
4 |
20 |
2.5 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
|
Food preparation and serving related occupations
|
6,236 |
1,183 |
147 |
1,036 |
8.4 |
59.1 |
28.3 |
69.9 |
19.0 |
2.4 |
16.6 |
|
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations
|
3,608 |
102 |
39 |
63 |
4.9 |
5.1 |
7.5 |
4.2 |
2.8 |
1.1 |
1.7 |
|
Personal care and service occupations
|
2,254 |
151 |
54 |
97 |
3.0 |
7.5 |
10.4 |
6.5 |
6.7 |
2.4 |
4.3 |
|
Sales and office occupations
|
20,650 |
250 |
146 |
104 |
27.9 |
12.5 |
28.1 |
7.0 |
1.2 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
|
Sales and related occupations
|
7,512 |
142 |
76 |
66 |
10.2 |
7.1 |
14.6 |
4.5 |
1.9 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
|
Office and administrative support occupations
|
13,139 |
106 |
69 |
37 |
17.8 |
5.3 |
13.3 |
2.5 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
|
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations
|
9,368 |
50 |
26 |
24 |
12.7 |
2.5 |
5.0 |
1.6 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations
|
603 |
21 |
11 |
10 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
2.1 |
0.7 |
3.5 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
|
Construction and extraction occupations
|
5,430 |
13 |
6 |
7 |
7.3 |
0.6 |
1.2 |
0.5 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
|
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
|
3,335 |
15 |
9 |
6 |
4.5 |
0.7 |
1.7 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
|
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations
|
13,796 |
144 |
66 |
78 |
18.7 |
7.2 |
12.7 |
5.3 |
1.0 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
|
Production occupations
|
7,708 |
54 |
18 |
36 |
10.4 |
2.7 |
3.5 |
2.4 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
|
Transportation and material moving occupations
|
6,087 |
89 |
47 |
42 |
8.2 |
4.4 |
9.0 |
2.8 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self-employed, both unincorporated and incorporated.
top
Table 5. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by major industry group, 2004 annual averages
| Industry |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
73,939 |
2,003 |
520 |
1,483 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
2.7 |
0.7 |
2.0 |
|
Private sector
|
64,708 |
1,890 |
467 |
1,423 |
87.5 |
94.4 |
89.8 |
96.0 |
2.9 |
0.7 |
2.2 |
|
Agriculture and related industries
|
623 |
19 |
10 |
9 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.9 |
0.6 |
3.0 |
1.6 |
1.4 |
|
Nonagricultural industries
|
64,085 |
1,870 |
457 |
1,413 |
86.7 |
93.4 |
87.9 |
95.3 |
2.9 |
0.7 |
2.2 |
|
Mining
|
312 |
1 |
1 |
- |
0.4 |
- |
0.2 |
- |
0.3 |
0.3 |
- |
|
Construction
|
5,552 |
18 |
8 |
10 |
7.5 |
0.9 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
|
Manufacturing
|
10,388 |
61 |
23 |
38 |
14.0 |
3.0 |
4.4 |
2.6 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
|
Durable goods
|
6,397 |
28 |
8 |
20 |
8.7 |
1.4 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
|
Nondurable goods
|
3,991 |
33 |
15 |
18 |
5.4 |
1.6 |
2.9 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
|
Wholesale and retail trade
|
12,456 |
181 |
96 |
85 |
16.8 |
9.0 |
18.5 |
5.7 |
1.5 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
|
Wholesale trade
|
2,038 |
17 |
10 |
7 |
2.8 |
0.8 |
1.9 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
|
Retail trade
|
10,418 |
164 |
86 |
78 |
14.1 |
8.2 |
16.5 |
5.3 |
1.6 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
|
Transportation and utilities
|
2,915 |
20 |
7 |
13 |
3.9 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
|
Information
|
1,472 |
14 |
10 |
4 |
2.0 |
0.7 |
1.9 |
0.3 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
|
Financial activities
|
3,453 |
33 |
20 |
13 |
4.7 |
1.6 |
3.8 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
|
Professional and business services
|
5,461 |
61 |
24 |
37 |
7.4 |
3.0 |
4.6 |
2.5 |
1.1 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
|
Education and health services
|
11,022 |
138 |
62 |
76 |
14.9 |
6.9 |
11.9 |
5.1 |
1.3 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
|
Leisure and hospitality
|
8,095 |
1,242 |
176 |
1,066 |
10.9 |
62.0 |
33.8 |
71.9 |
15.3 |
2.2 |
13.2 |
|
Other services
|
2,959 |
102 |
31 |
71 |
4.0 |
5.1 |
6.0 |
4.8 |
3.4 |
1.0 |
2.4 |
|
Public sector
|
9,231 |
113 |
53 |
60 |
12.5 |
5.6 |
10.2 |
4.0 |
1.2 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
|
Federal
|
1,781 |
19 |
11 |
8 |
2.4 |
0.9 |
2.1 |
0.5 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
|
State
|
2,347 |
32 |
17 |
15 |
3.2 |
1.6 |
3.3 |
1.0 |
1.4 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
|
Local
|
5,103 |
62 |
25 |
37 |
6.9 |
3.1 |
4.8 |
2.5 |
1.2 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self-employed, both unincorporated and incorporated. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication
criteria.
top
Table 6. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by educational attainment, 2004 annual averages
| Educational attainment |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
73,939 |
2,003 |
520 |
1,483 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
2.7 |
0.7 |
2.0 |
|
Less than a high school diploma
|
12,276 |
579 |
203 |
376 |
16.6 |
28.9 |
39.0 |
25.4 |
4.7 |
1.7 |
3.1 |
|
Less than 1 year of high school
|
3,428 |
85 |
26 |
59 |
4.6 |
4.2 |
5.0 |
4.0 |
2.5 |
0.8 |
1.7 |
|
1 to 3 years of high school
|
7,631 |
443 |
158 |
285 |
10.3 |
22.1 |
30.4 |
19.2 |
5.8 |
2.1 |
3.7 |
|
4 years of high school, no diploma
|
1,217 |
50 |
19 |
31 |
1.6 |
2.5 |
3.7 |
2.1 |
4.1 |
1.6 |
2.5 |
|
High school graduates or more
|
61,663 |
1,424 |
317 |
1,107 |
83.4 |
71.1 |
61.0 |
74.6 |
2.3 |
0.5 |
1.8 |
|
High school graduates, no college
|
27,399 |
633 |
156 |
477 |
37.1 |
31.6 |
30.0 |
32.2 |
2.3 |
0.6 |
1.7 |
|
Some college or associate degree
|
24,002 |
653 |
130 |
523 |
32.5 |
32.6 |
25.0 |
35.3 |
2.7 |
0.5 |
2.2 |
|
Some college, no degree
|
16,662 |
536 |
107 |
429 |
22.5 |
26.8 |
20.6 |
28.9 |
3.2 |
0.6 |
2.6 |
|
Associate degree
|
7,340 |
116 |
23 |
93 |
9.9 |
5.8 |
4.4 |
6.3 |
1.6 |
0.3 |
1.3 |
|
Occupational program
|
4,170 |
51 |
8 |
43 |
5.6 |
2.5 |
1.5 |
2.9 |
1.2 |
0.2 |
1.0 |
|
Academic program
|
3,170 |
64 |
14 |
50 |
4.3 |
3.2 |
2.7 |
3.4 |
2.0 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
|
Bachelor's degree and higher, total
|
10,262 |
139 |
31 |
108 |
13.9 |
6.9 |
6.0 |
7.3 |
1.4 |
0.3 |
1.1 |
|
Bachelor's degree
|
8,171 |
125 |
26 |
99 |
11.1 |
6.2 |
5.0 |
6.7 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
|
Master's degree
|
1,629 |
9 |
4 |
5 |
2.2 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
|
Professional degree
|
289 |
3 |
- |
3 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
- |
0.2 |
1.0 |
- |
1.0 |
|
Doctoral degree
|
173 |
1 |
- |
1 |
0.2 |
- |
- |
0.1 |
0.6 |
- |
0.6 |
NOTE: Data exclude all the self-employed, both unincorporated and incorporated. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication
criteria.
top
Table 7. Employed wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage by age and sex, 2004 annual averages
| Age and sex |
Number of workers
(in thousands) |
Percent distribution |
Percent of workers paid hourly rates |
| Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
Total paid hourly rates |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
At or below $5.15 per hour |
| Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
Total |
At $5.15 |
Below $5.15 |
| BOTH SEXES |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
73,939 |
2,003 |
520 |
1,483 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
2.7 |
0.7 |
2.0 |
|
Under 25 years
|
16,174 |
1,022 |
272 |
750 |
21.9 |
51.0 |
52.3 |
50.6 |
6.3 |
1.7 |
4.6 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
5,433 |
497 |
168 |
329 |
7.3 |
24.8 |
32.3 |
22.2 |
9.1 |
3.1 |
6.1 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
10,741 |
523 |
103 |
420 |
14.5 |
26.1 |
19.8 |
28.3 |
4.9 |
1.0 |
3.9 |
|
25 years and over
|
57,765 |
982 |
249 |
733 |
78.1 |
49.0 |
47.9 |
49.4 |
1.7 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
16,574 |
384 |
64 |
320 |
22.4 |
19.2 |
12.3 |
21.6 |
2.3 |
0.4 |
1.9 |
|
25 to 29 years
|
8,449 |
226 |
34 |
192 |
11.4 |
11.3 |
6.5 |
12.9 |
2.7 |
0.4 |
2.3 |
|
30 to 34 years
|
8,125 |
157 |
30 |
127 |
11.0 |
7.8 |
5.8 |
8.6 |
1.9 |
0.4 |
1.6 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
16,715 |
238 |
63 |
175 |
22.6 |
11.9 |
12.1 |
11.8 |
1.4 |
0.4 |
1.0 |
|
35 to 39 years
|
8,007 |
117 |
25 |
92 |
10.8 |
5.8 |
4.8 |
6.2 |
1.5 |
0.3 |
1.1 |
|
40 to 44 years
|
8,708 |
121 |
37 |
84 |
11.8 |
6.0 |
7.1 |
5.7 |
1.4 |
0.4 |
1.0 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
14,796 |
173 |
48 |
125 |
20.0 |
8.6 |
9.2 |
8.4 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
|
45 to 49 years
|
8,201 |
101 |
30 |
71 |
11.1 |
5.0 |
5.8 |
4.8 |
1.2 |
0.4 |
0.9 |
|
50 to 54 years
|
6,595 |
72 |
18 |
54 |
8.9 |
3.6 |
3.5 |
3.6 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
7,501 |
101 |
40 |
61 |
10.1 |
5.0 |
7.7 |
4.1 |
1.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
|
55 to 59 years
|
4,756 |
60 |
21 |
39 |
6.4 |
3.0 |
4.0 |
2.6 |
1.3 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
|
60 to 64 years
|
2,745 |
41 |
19 |
22 |
3.7 |
2.0 |
3.7 |
1.5 |
1.5 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
|
65 years and over
|
2,177 |
86 |
33 |
53 |
2.9 |
4.3 |
6.3 |
3.6 |
4.0 |
1.5 |
2.4 |
|
65 to 69 years
|
1,196 |
41 |
15 |
26 |
1.6 |
2.0 |
2.9 |
1.8 |
3.4 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
|
70 years and over
|
981 |
45 |
18 |
27 |
1.3 |
2.2 |
3.5 |
1.8 |
4.6 |
1.8 |
2.8 |
| MEN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
36,806 |
680 |
210 |
470 |
49.8 |
33.9 |
40.4 |
31.7 |
1.8 |
0.6 |
1.3 |
|
Under 25 years
|
8,305 |
366 |
127 |
239 |
11.2 |
18.3 |
24.4 |
16.1 |
4.4 |
1.5 |
2.9 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
2,672 |
179 |
78 |
101 |
3.6 |
8.9 |
15.0 |
6.8 |
6.7 |
2.9 |
3.8 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
5,633 |
187 |
49 |
138 |
7.6 |
9.3 |
9.4 |
9.3 |
3.3 |
0.9 |
2.4 |
|
25 years and over
|
28,500 |
314 |
83 |
231 |
38.5 |
15.7 |
16.0 |
15.6 |
1.1 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
8,929 |
141 |
30 |
111 |
12.1 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
7.5 |
1.6 |
0.3 |
1.2 |
|
25 to 29 years
|
4,610 |
88 |
15 |
73 |
6.2 |
4.4 |
2.9 |
4.9 |
1.9 |
0.3 |
1.6 |
|
30 to 34 years
|
4,319 |
52 |
14 |
38 |
5.8 |
2.6 |
2.7 |
2.6 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
0.9 |
|
35 to 44 years
|
8,277 |
71 |
17 |
54 |
11.2 |
3.5 |
3.3 |
3.6 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
|
35 to 39 years
|
4,081 |
33 |
3 |
30 |
5.5 |
1.6 |
0.6 |
2.0 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
0.7 |
|
40 to 44 years
|
4,196 |
36 |
13 |
23 |
5.7 |
1.8 |
2.5 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
|
45 to 54 years
|
6,928 |
57 |
17 |
40 |
9.4 |
2.8 |
3.3 |
2.7 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
|
45 to 49 years
|
3,847 |
33 |
10 |
23 |
5.2 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
1.6 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
|
50 to 54 years
|
3,081 |
25 |
7 |
18 |
4.2 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
|
55 to 64 years
|
3,402 |
27 |
13 |
14 |
4.6 |
1.3 |
2.5 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
|
55 to 59 years
|
2,167 |
17 |
9 |
8 |
2.9 |
0.8 |
1.7 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
|
60 to 64 years
|
1,235 |
9 |
4 |
5 |
1.7 |
0.4 |
0.8 |
0.3 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
|
65 years and over
|
964 |
20 |
7 |
13 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
1.3 |
0.9 |
2.1 |
0.7 |
1.3 |
|
65 to 69 years
|
530 |
8 |
1 |
7 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
1.5 |
0.2 |
1.3 |
|
70 years and over
|
434 |
10 |
5 |
5 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
2.3 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
| WOMEN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total, 16 years and over
|
37,133 |
1,323 |
310 |
1,013 |
50.2 |
66.1 |
59.6 |
68.3 |
3.6 |
0.8 |
2.7 |
|
Under 25 years
|
7,869 |
655 |
145 |
510 |
10.6 |
32.7 |
27.9 |
34.4 |
8.3 |
1.8 |
6.5 |
|
16 to 19 years
|
2,761 |
319 |
90 |
229 |
3.7 |
15.9 |
17.3 |
15.4 |
11.6 |
3.3 |
8.3 |
|
20 to 24 years
|
5,108 |
337 |
55 |
282 |
6.9 |
16.8 |
10.6 |
19.0 |
6.6 |
1.1 |
5.5 |
|
25 years and over
|
29,265 |
668 |
166 |
502 |
39.6 |
33.3 |
31.9 |
33.9 |
2.3 |
0.6 |
1.7 |
|
25 to 34 years
|
7,645 |
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