HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 42. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by occupation and industry (Numbers in thousands) 1996 1997 Members of Represented Members of Represented unions(1) by unions(2) unions(1) by unions(2) Occupation and industry Total Total em- em- ployed Percent Percent ployed Percent Percent Total of Total of Total of Total of em- em- em- em- ployed ployed ployed ployed OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty............. 30,942 4,196 13.6 4,977 16.1 31,946 4,208 13.2 4,951 15.5 Executive, administrative, and managerial....... 14,263 785 5.5 1,005 7.0 14,908 763 5.1 959 6.4 Professional specialty.......................... 16,679 3,410 20.4 3,972 23.8 17,037 3,445 20.2 3,992 23.4 Technical, sales, and administrative support...... 34,187 3,231 9.5 3,742 10.9 34,796 3,158 9.1 3,648 10.5 Technicians and related support................. 3,828 409 10.7 492 12.8 4,111 427 10.4 501 12.2 Sales occupations............................... 12,658 541 4.3 616 4.9 13,055 559 4.3 659 5.0 Administrative support, including clerical...... 17,701 2,281 12.9 2,634 14.9 17,631 2,172 12.3 2,488 14.1 Service occupations............................... 15,897 2,103 13.2 2,331 14.7 16,204 2,141 13.2 2,356 14.5 Protective service.............................. 2,154 852 39.5 909 42.2 2,248 897 39.9 965 42.9 Service, except protective service.............. 13,743 1,251 9.1 1,421 10.3 13,956 1,244 8.9 1,391 10.0 Precision production, craft, and repair........... 11,615 2,648 22.8 2,804 24.1 12,069 2,723 22.6 2,864 23.7 Operators, fabricators, and laborers.............. 17,428 4,000 23.0 4,201 24.1 17,629 3,791 21.5 4,008 22.7 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors... 7,584 1,752 23.1 1,838 24.2 7,717 1,690 21.9 1,764 22.9 Transportation and material moving occupations.. 4,862 1,243 25.6 1,313 27.0 4,931 1,199 24.3 1,279 25.9 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers..................................... 4,981 1,005 20.2 1,050 21.1 4,981 901 18.1 964 19.4 Farming, forestry, and fishing.................... 1,892 92 4.9 104 5.5 1,890 88 4.6 97 5.1 INDUSTRY Agricultural wage and salary workers.............. 1,710 32 1.9 37 2.2 1,690 36 2.1 40 2.4 Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers... 92,059 9,385 10.2 10,293 11.2 94,705 9,327 9.8 10,215 10.8 Mining.......................................... 538 76 14.1 81 15.0 607 84 13.9 87 14.3 Construction.................................... 5,387 994 18.5 1,033 19.2 5,739 1,067 18.6 1,118 19.5 Manufacturing................................... 19,653 3,387 17.2 3,603 18.3 19,961 3,253 16.3 3,441 17.2 Durable goods................................. 11,642 2,157 18.5 2,282 19.6 11,908 2,090 17.5 2,198 18.5 Nondurable goods.............................. 8,011 1,230 15.4 1,320 16.5 8,053 1,164 14.5 1,243 15.4 Transportation and public utilities............. 6,623 1,757 26.5 1,873 28.3 6,949 1,804 26.0 1,909 27.5 Transportation................................ 4,006 1,080 27.0 1,136 28.4 4,212 1,118 26.5 1,177 27.9 Communications and public utilities........... 2,617 677 25.9 737 28.2 2,737 686 25.1 731 26.7 Wholesale and retail trade...................... 23,638 1,331 5.6 1,471 6.2 23,676 1,315 5.6 1,469 6.2 Wholesale trade............................... 4,357 271 6.2 292 6.7 4,296 251 5.8 284 6.6 Retail trade.................................. 19,280 1,059 5.5 1,179 6.1 19,379 1,065 5.5 1,186 6.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate............. 6,863 168 2.4 210 3.1 7,070 155 2.2 199 2.8 Services........................................ 29,357 1,672 5.7 2,024 6.9 30,704 1,647 5.4 1,993 6.5 Government workers................................ 18,210 6,854 37.6 7,830 43.0 18,147 6,747 37.2 7,668 42.3 Federal......................................... 3,284 1,040 31.7 1,277 38.9 3,217 1,030 32.0 1,266 39.4 State........................................... 5,132 1,566 30.5 1,810 35.3 5,031 1,485 29.5 1,679 33.4 Local........................................... 9,795 4,249 43.4 4,743 48.4 9,899 4,232 42.7 4,723 47.7 1 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. 2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union as well as workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Excluded are self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated although they technically qualify as wage and salary workers. Beginning in January 1997, data relect revised population controls used in the household survey.