Table 9. Occupation of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 1998 Wage and salary earners All Self- other, Item employed Total Technical Construction Operators Retired including workers wage Managers sales and Service workers fabricators not and and clerical workers and and reporting salary professionals workers mechanics laborers earners _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Number of consumer units (in thousands)...... 5,638 70,835 24,480 19,501 8,904 5,387 12,564 19,126 11,583 Income before taxes a/ ...................... $49,662 $48,785 $69,263 $41,425 $28,949 $44,856 $36,764 $23,062 $22,757 Income after taxes a/ ....................... 46,758 44,594 62,164 38,508 27,121 40,900 34,364 22,105 21,438 Age of the reference person.................. 47.9 40.9 42.3 39.5 40.1 40.9 41.2 72.8 47.0 Average number in consumer unit: Persons..................................... 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.0 1.8 2.7 Children under 18........................... .7 .8 .8 .7 .8 1.0 1.0 .1 .9 Persons 65 and over......................... .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 .1 1.2 .2 Earners..................................... 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 .2 .6 Vehicles.................................... 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.7 2.6 2.3 1.6 1.4 Percent distribution: Male........................................ 78 62 63 48 50 94 76 53 31 Female...................................... 22 38 37 52 50 6 24 47 69 Homeowner................................... 75 62 73 55 46 69 59 80 48 With mortgage.............................. 50 47 58 41 32 51 39 15 24 Without mortgage........................... 25 15 14 14 14 17 20 65 24 Renter...................................... 25 38 27 45 54 31 41 20 52 Black....................................... 5 12 8 12 20 8 16 9 20 White and other............................. 95 88 92 88 80 92 84 91 80 Elementary (1-8)............................ 4 3 b/ 1 7 5 8 16 13 High school (9-12).......................... 35 35 14 33 49 57 61 46 50 College..................................... 60 61 86 65 43 38 31 38 36 Never attended and other.................... b/ b/ b/ b/ b/ c/ b/ 1 1 At least one vehicle owned or leased........ 95 90 94 88 81 93 90 83 70 Average annual expenditures.................. $43,343 $39,557 $51,503 $36,085 $28,108 $35,399 $31,502 $24,694 $24,774 Food........................................ 5,638 5,204 6,029 5,071 4,174 4,840 4,679 3,520 4,014 Food at home............................. 3,112 2,875 3,026 2,805 2,636 2,860 2,877 2,328 2,762 Cereals and bakery products............ 470 437 462 437 403 431 413 374 408 Cereals and cereal products.......... 166 152 158 151 146 153 148 115 151 Bakery products...................... 304 285 304 286 257 278 265 259 257 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs......... 795 746 724 733 721 738 835 607 744 Beef................................. 268 227 218 213 224 221 276 173 213 Pork................................. 144 146 129 148 148 140 175 139 162 Other meats.......................... 86 95 89 89 102 98 110 81 96 Poultry.............................. 126 147 154 147 130 160 144 102 136 Fish and seafood..................... 138 98 105 104 84 86 91 81 101 Eggs................................. 32 32 29 31 33 33 39 32 36 Dairy products............................ 346 308 326 298 276 306 310 254 320 Fresh milk and cream................. 135 121 124 116 115 112 131 103 137 Other dairy products................. 210 187 202 182 161 193 179 151 182 Fruits and vegetables.................. 557 480 534 461 445 458 435 428 448 Fresh fruits......................... 173 151 176 140 144 132 132 141 135 Fresh vegetables..................... 172 146 165 137 134 138 132 134 144 Processed fruits..................... 120 105 116 114 87 103 84 87 90 Processed vegetables................. 93 78 76 71 80 85 87 66 79 Other food at home..................... 944 905 979 876 791 927 884 664 843 Sugar and other sweets............... 122 114 117 115 101 114 113 94 98 Fats and oils........................ 87 77 77 76 77 69 84 72 77 Miscellaneous foods.................. 416 415 457 403 374 411 385 283 375 Nonalcoholic beverages............... 241 243 241 237 209 289 263 169 258 Food prepared by consumer unit on out-of-town trips....................... 78 56 87 44 30 44 39 47 34 Food away from home...................... 2,526 2,329 3,003 2,267 1,538 1,980 1,802 1,192 1,252 Alcoholic beverages......................... 367 348 470 305 224 411 241 215 183 Housing..................................... 13,420 12,910 17,162 11,732 9,736 11,223 9,405 8,353 9,075 Shelter.................................. 7,488 7,547 10,157 6,957 5,627 6,270 5,288 4,238 5,019 Owned dwellings........................ 5,194 4,864 7,308 4,079 2,818 4,227 3,042 2,759 2,453 Mortgage interest and charges........ 3,165 3,057 4,638 2,551 1,740 2,718 1,842 670 1,373 Property taxes....................... 1,201 1,047 1,566 871 651 881 659 1,072 640 Maintenance, repairs, insurance,other expenses............................ 828 760 1,104 657 427 628 542 1,017 440 Rented dwellings....................... 1,672 2,197 1,972 2,515 2,594 1,752 2,050 1,081 2,269 Other lodging.......................... 621 487 877 363 214 291 196 398 298 Utilities, fuels, and public services...... 2,776 2,476 2,842 2,281 2,152 2,518 2,278 2,186 2,146 Natural gas............................ 280 286 339 265 254 245 255 292 259 Electricity............................ 1,092 931 1,030 854 802 1,059 894 887 835 Fuel oil and other fuels............... 124 78 87 67 70 73 83 102 85 Telephone services..................... 953 895 1,030 841 812 848 797 604 739 Water and other public services........ 327 286 356 254 214 293 250 302 228 Household operations..................... 651 603 957 521 317 410 326 427 339 Personal services...................... 252 322 461 301 171 280 209 102 143 Other household expenses............... 399 281 496 220 146 130 117 325 196 Housekeeping supplies...................... 600 510 689 458 381 451 347 407 360 Laundry and cleaning supplies.......... 147 120 120 115 120 145 117 109 103 Other household products............... 263 256 392 216 156 193 142 180 150 Postage and stationery................. 189 134 177 127 105 113 89 118 107 Household furnishings and equipment...... 1,906 1,774 2,517 1,515 1,258 1,573 1,165 1,095 1,210 Household textiles..................... 134 102 142 99 76 63 61 103 115 Furniture.............................. 363 438 673 351 247 245 336 246 228 Floor coverings........................ 178 158 262 82 166 195 51 103 110 Major appliances....................... 193 173 230 132 103 209 159 139 138 Small appliances, miscellaneous housewares............................ 89 89 123 81 64 81 56 66 39 Miscellaneous household equipment...... 949 813 1,087 769 602 781 502 439 580 Apparel and services........................ 1,889 1,940 2,340 1,993 1,397 1,665 1,563 859 1,233 Men and boys............................. 412 469 565 454 361 419 403 176 319 Men, 16 and over....................... 308 370 449 368 278 299 314 148 237 Boys, 2 to 15.......................... 104 99 116 86 83 120 90 28 82 Women and girls.......................... 825 745 918 807 509 604 523 376 414 Women, 16 and over..................... 702 619 783 681 401 461 407 349 339 Girls, 2 to 15......................... 123 127 135 126 108 143 116 26 75 Children under 2......................... 76 84 90 86 51 125 73 22 92 Footwear................................. 316 321 329 334 271 257 347 145 235 Other apparel products and services...... 260 321 438 311 205 260 217 141 174 Transportation.............................. 7,487 7,669 9,449 6,924 5,625 7,382 6,927 4,087 3,923 Vehicle purchases (net outlay)........... 3,083 3,552 4,252 3,182 2,691 3,530 3,381 1,604 1,560 Cars and trucks, new................... 1,037 1,655 2,294 1,572 1,037 1,376 1,092 864 749 Cars and trucks, used.................. 1,890 1,846 1,903 1,587 1,603 2,086 2,204 724 779 Other vehicles......................... d/ 156 52 55 d/ 23 d/ 51 d/ 68 84 d/ 17 d/ 32 Gasoline and motor oil................... 1,193 1,136 1,252 1,037 887 1,324 1,158 687 748 Other vehicle expenses................... 2,676 2,527 3,180 2,346 1,779 2,301 2,159 1,404 1,332 Vehicle finance charges................ 385 393 431 375 301 431 398 109 180 Maintenance and repairs................ 895 704 853 669 512 646 628 487 381 Vehicle insurance...................... 806 819 978 770 597 807 746 569 496 Vehicle rental, leases, licenses, other charges.................................. 590 611 918 532 369 417 387 239 275 Public transportation.................... 535 455 764 359 268 227 229 392 284 Health care................................. 2,666 1,651 2,155 1,484 1,062 1,617 1,363 2,904 1,411 Health insurance......................... 1,354 771 980 715 491 733 666 1,455 674 Medical services......................... 786 530 746 447 314 567 378 635 342 Drugs.................................... 429 253 296 234 194 241 248 678 319 Medical supplies......................... 97 97 133 89 63 77 71 135 76 Entertainment............................... 2,094 1,990 2,680 1,875 1,233 1,662 1,492 1,121 1,095 Fees and admissions...................... 566 508 814 438 260 351 264 324 232 Television, radios, sound equipment...... 612 598 688 591 485 538 542 363 392 Pets, toys, and playground equipment..... 426 358 432 365 241 357 283 226 272 Other entertainment supplies, equipment,and services.................. 489 526 747 481 247 416 405 207 200 Personal care products and services......... 549 423 531 435 299 315 318 339 274 Reading..................................... 211 166 253 149 94 126 89 165 101 Education................................... 640 700 1,039 676 396 503 375 105 601 Tobacco products and smoking supplies....... 313 290 212 268 322 417 401 164 328 Miscellaneous............................... 1,390 906 1,080 825 683 925 848 732 526 Cash contributions.......................... 1,401 1,064 1,727 727 523 915 744 1,410 748 Personal insurance and pensions............. 5,278 4,294 6,376 3,619 2,341 3,398 3,056 721 1,262 Life and other personal insurance........ 566 406 574 349 228 338 324 398 269 Pensions and Social Security............. 4,712 3,888 5,803 3,270 2,113 3,060 2,731 322 993 Sources of income and personal taxes: a/ Money income before taxes................ 49,662 48,785 69,263 41,425 28,949 44,856 36,764 23,062 22,757 Wages and salaries....................... 12,484 45,195 64,438 38,118 25,976 42,165 34,296 3,246 12,855 Self-employment income................... 31,299 931 1,835 647 218 788 212 84 1,165 Social Security, private and government retirement................... 3,635 1,253 1,223 1,368 1,364 969 1,163 17,260 4,918 Interest, dividends, rental income, other property income................... 1,615 526 1,029 372 203 127 189 2,058 699 Unemployment and workers'' compensation, veterans'' benefits..................... 115 170 99 143 186 242 308 88 579 Public assistance, supplemental security, income, food stamps..................... 52 179 68 137 482 255 211 188 1,770 Regular contributions for support........ 173 259 280 301 265 127 202 92 613 Other income............................. 288 273 291 339 253 183 184 46 158 Personal taxes.............................. 2,903 4,191 7,099 2,916 1,828 3,957 2,400 957 1,319 Federal income taxes..................... 2,274 3,199 5,489 2,211 1,325 3,045 1,762 626 974 State and local income taxes............. 407 836 1,363 599 402 746 541 131 243 Other taxes.............................. 222 156 247 107 101 166 96 200 102 Income after taxes.......................... 46,758 44,594 62,164 38,508 27,121 40,900 34,364 22,105 21,438 Net change in total assets and liabilities... 596 -3,509 -2,185 -6,630 -2,718 -2,284 -2,329 2,096 -47 Net change in total assets............... 8,315 6,924 13,150 4,743 1,350 3,141 3,753 4,122 3,394 Net change in total liabilities.......... 7,720 10,433 15,334 11,373 4,069 5,425 6,082 2,026 3,441 Other financial information: Other money receipts....................... 458 497 677 770 99 126 166 457 263 Mortgage principal paid on owned property................................ -1,552 -1,396 -2,148 -1,007 -707 -1,738 -873 -441 -711 Estimated market value of owned home..... 112,936 79,281 120,983 65,986 43,263 66,139 49,822 91,114 54,854 Estimated monthly rental value of owned home.............................. 707 575 827 499 352 504 390 625 388 Gifts of goods and services................. 1,471 1,139 1,739 1,014 553 816 706 901 688 Food..................................... 83 100 188 66 22 70 49 50 44 Housing.................................. 424 344 542 279 203 259 190 237 198 Housekeeping supplies.................. 39 47 68 40 29 61 26 29 23 Household textiles..................... d/ 27 15 25 15 d/ 2 5 6 17 17 Appliances and miscellaneous housewares............................... 38 33 47 31 18 24 21 25 12 Major appliances..................... d/ 17 7 8 10 d/ 4 d/ 1 7 4 d/ 6 Small appliances and miscellaneous housewares........................... 21 25 40 21 14 d/ 22 13 21 6 Miscellaneous household equipment...... 96 79 117 76 54 68 28 52 37 Other housing.......................... 224 170 284 116 101 101 109 114 109 Apparel and services..................... 275 234 251 329 119 133 173 213 151 Males, 2 and over...................... 72 63 66 85 33 31 58 55 36 Females, 2 and over.................... 116 82 86 122 44 59 46 75 52 Children under 2....................... 25 36 42 44 13 25 34 21 32 Other apparel products and services.... 62 53 56 78 29 18 34 62 30 Jewelry and watches.................. 24 26 32 36 17 9 14 33 7 All other apparel products and services............................ 38 26 25 42 d/ 12 d/ 9 21 29 24 Transportation........................... 110 42 78 21 21 52 17 59 47 Health care.............................. 24 25 45 13 10 d/ 25 16 94 26 Entertainment............................ 153 88 109 94 55 61 72 81 42 Toys, games, hobbies, and tricycles.... 43 30 35 28 26 30 27 30 22 Other entertainment.................... 110 58 74 66 29 31 45 50 20 Education................................ 237 180 328 123 56 144 86 44 137 All other gifts.......................... 166 126 200 88 68 72 104 123 43 ___________________________________________ a/ Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only; see glossary. b/ Value less than 0.5. c/ No data reported. d/ Data are likely to have large sampling errors.