Table 10. Education of reference person: Average annual expenditures and characteristics, Consumer Expenditure Survey, 1997 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | Less than college graduate | College graduate | |_________________________________________________|_____________________________ | | | | | | | | | | All | | | | High | | | | Item | consumer| | Less | | school | | | |Master's, | units | | than | High | graduate|Associate| | Bach- | profes- | | Total | high | school | with | degree | Total | elor's | sional, | | | school | graduate| some | | | degree |doctorate | | | graduate| | college | | | | | | | | | (1) | | | | ___________________________________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________ | | | | | | | | | Number of consumer units (in | | | | | | | | | thousands)......................| 105,576 | 79,713 | 18,920 | 30,782 | 21,587 | 8,423 | 25,863 | 16,808 | 9,055 Income before taxes(2).............| $39,926 | $32,380 | $21,413 | $33,461 | $36,397 | $43,090 | $62,721 | $57,308 | $72,744 Income after taxes(2)..............| 36,684 | 30,156 | 20,484 | 31,411 | 33,324 | 39,468 | 56,408 | 51,736 | 65,058 Age of reference person............| 47.7 | 48.5 | 56.4 | 48.7 | 43.1 | 44.1 | 45.3 | 44.3 | 47.3 Average number in consumer unit: | | | | | | | | | Persons...........................| 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 Children under 18.................| .7 | .7 | .7 | .7 | .6 | .7 | .6 | .7 | .6 Persons 65 and over...............| .3 | .3 | .5 | .3 | .2 | .2 | .2 | .2 | .2 Earners...........................| 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 Vehicles..........................| 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 Percent distribution: | | | | | | | | | Male..............................| 59 | 57 | 52 | 59 | 57 | 59 | 65 | 64 | 66 Female............................| 41 | 43 | 48 | 41 | 43 | 41 | 35 | 36 | 34 Percent homeowner.................| 64 | 61 | 59 | 65 | 57 | 67 | 71 | 69 | 73 With mortgage....................| 38 | 34 | 23 | 34 | 38 | 47 | 51 | 49 | 54 Without mortgage.................| 26 | 28 | 36 | 31 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 19 Renter............................| 36 | 39 | 41 | 35 | 43 | 33 | 29 | 31 | 27 Black.............................| 12 | 14 | 17 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 5 White and other...................| 88 | 86 | 83 | 87 | 88 | 88 | 94 | 93 | 95 Elementary (1-8)..................| 7 | 10 | 41 | n.a.| n.a.| n.a.| n.a.| n.a.| n.a. High school (9-12)................| 39 | 52 | 57 | 100 | n.a.| n.a.| n.a.| n.a.| n.a. College...........................| 53 | 38 | n.a.| n.a.| 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 Never attended and other..........| (3)| (3)| 1 | n.a.| n.a.| n.a.| n.a.| n.a.| n.a. At least one vehicle owned or | | | | | | | | | leased.........................| 87 | 85 | 75 | 86 | 88 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 95 Average annual expenditures........| 34,819 | 29,693 | 22,026 | 29,726 | 33,599 | 36,587 | 50,324 | 46,678 | 56,931 Food..............................| 4,801 | 4,305 | 3,744 | 4,399 | 4,478 | 4,725 | 6,202 | 5,545 | 7,313 Food at home.....................| 2,880 | 2,751 | 2,773 | 2,822 | 2,599 | 2,836 | 3,241 | 3,040 | 3,579 Cereals and bakery products.....| 453 | 427 | 421 | 440 | 408 | 442 | 524 | 502 | 561 Cereals and cereal products....| 161 | 152 | 156 | 150 | 150 | 157 | 188 | 181 | 200 Bakery products................| 292 | 275 | 266 | 290 | 259 | 286 | 336 | 322 | 361 Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs..| 743 | 748 | 838 | 758 | 671 | 720 | 730 | 685 | 804 Beef...........................| 224 | 229 | 247 | 231 | 215 | 223 | 207 | 206 | 210 Pork...........................| 157 | 165 | 199 | 173 | 134 | 149 | 134 | 129 | 143 Other meats....................| 96 | 98 | 107 | 98 | 91 | 97 | 92 | 87 | 100 Poultry........................| 145 | 140 | 151 | 141 | 129 | 136 | 160 | 148 | 180 Fish and seafood...............| 89 | 81 | 93 | 79 | 74 | 84 | 108 | 91 | 138 Eggs...........................| 33 | 34 | 40 | 35 | 29 | 31 | 28 | 25 | 34 Dairy products..................| 314 | 296 | 281 | 308 | 286 | 309 | 363 | 334 | 411 Fresh milk and cream...........| 128 | 127 | 135 | 131 | 113 | 133 | 131 | 124 | 143 Other dairy products...........| 186 | 169 | 146 | 178 | 172 | 177 | 231 | 209 | 268 Fruits and vegetables...........| 476 | 434 | 454 | 434 | 406 | 464 | 590 | 527 | 696 Fresh fruits...................| 150 | 136 | 142 | 135 | 124 | 153 | 191 | 165 | 234 Fresh vegetables...............| 143 | 128 | 141 | 124 | 120 | 133 | 184 | 163 | 220 Processed fruits...............| 102 | 91 | 88 | 92 | 90 | 102 | 133 | 119 | 155 Processed vegetables...........| 80 | 79 | 83 | 83 | 72 | 77 | 82 | 80 | 86 Other food at home..............| 895 | 845 | 779 | 881 | 828 | 901 | 1,034 | 991 | 1,107 Sugar and other sweets.........| 114 | 109 | 105 | 113 | 107 | 111 | 128 | 121 | 140 Fats and oils..................| 81 | 81 | 88 | 82 | 73 | 83 | 82 | 77 | 90 Miscellaneous foods............| 403 | 376 | 329 | 393 | 376 | 415 | 478 | 465 | 500 Nonalcoholic beverages.........| 245 | 238 | 233 | 251 | 224 | 238 | 263 | 249 | 287 Food prepared by consumer unit | | | | | | | | | on out-of-town tr...........| 52 | 41 | 24 | 43 | 49 | 53 | 83 | 80 | 91 Food away from home..............| 1,921 | 1,555 | 971 | 1,578 | 1,878 | 1,888 | 2,961 | 2,505 | 3,735 Alcoholic beverages...............| 309 | 245 | 144 | 244 | 304 | 305 | 490 | 478 | 513 Housing...........................| 11,272 | 9,635 | 7,247 | 9,502 | 10,984 | 11,994 | 16,278 | 15,248 | 18,178 Shelter..........................| 6,344 | 5,287 | 3,831 | 5,128 | 6,182 | 6,849 | 9,600 | 8,932 | 10,839 Owned dwellings.................| 3,935 | 3,093 | 1,903 | 3,064 | 3,643 | 4,467 | 6,528 | 6,017 | 7,478 Mortgage interest and charges..| 2,225 | 1,687 | 879 | 1,587 | 2,115 | 2,768 | 3,885 | 3,601 | 4,413 Property taxes.................| 971 | 773 | 546 | 828 | 823 | 951 | 1,582 | 1,442 | 1,841 Maintenance, repairs, | | | | | | | | | insurance, other expenses...| 738 | 634 | 478 | 648 | 705 | 749 | 1,061 | 973 | 1,224 Rented dwellings................| 1,983 | 1,925 | 1,825 | 1,805 | 2,188 | 1,909 | 2,164 | 2,155 | 2,179 Other lodging...................| 426 | 269 | 102 | 259 | 351 | 473 | 908 | 760 | 1,182 Utilities, fuels, and public | | | | | | | | | services......................| 2,412 | 2,292 | 2,098 | 2,346 | 2,271 | 2,588 | 2,782 | 2,679 | 2,972 Natural gas.....................| 301 | 282 | 269 | 285 | 268 | 333 | 360 | 350 | 379 Electricity.....................| 909 | 890 | 837 | 934 | 853 | 948 | 965 | 943 | 1,007 Fuel oil and other fuels........| 108 | 108 | 102 | 129 | 85 | 102 | 107 | 102 | 118 Telephone services..............| 809 | 747 | 651 | 728 | 800 | 894 | 1,001 | 956 | 1,086 Water and other public services.| 286 | 266 | 239 | 270 | 266 | 311 | 348 | 329 | 383 Household operations.............| 548 | 396 | 199 | 380 | 498 | 629 | 1,018 | 955 | 1,136 Personal services...............| 263 | 207 | 90 | 216 | 249 | 331 | 435 | 450 | 409 Other household expenses........| 285 | 188 | 109 | 165 | 249 | 298 | 583 | 505 | 727 Housekeeping supplies............| 455 | 407 | 326 | 407 | 444 | 479 | 587 | 567 | 621 Laundry and cleaning supplies...| 116 | 115 | 116 | 115 | 107 | 129 | 119 | 122 | 115 Other household products........| 210 | 184 | 143 | 183 | 202 | 223 | 283 | 268 | 308 Postage and stationery..........| 129 | 109 | 68 | 109 | 135 | 128 | 185 | 177 | 199 Household furnishings and | | | | | | | | | equipment.....................| 1,512 | 1,253 | 793 | 1,241 | 1,588 | 1,450 | 2,290 | 2,114 | 2,609 Household textiles..............| 79 | 64 | 38 | 65 | 78 | 77 | 127 | 113 | 152 Furniture.......................| 387 | 314 | 201 | 321 | 386 | 355 | 614 | 587 | 665 Floor coverings.................| 78 | 67 | 21 | 79 | 87 | 69 | 110 | 103 | 124 Major appliances................| 169 | 155 | 128 | 153 | 172 | 176 | 214 | 198 | 244 Small appliances, miscellaneous | | | | | | | | | housewares...................| 92 | 75 | 63 | 76 | 89 | 68 | 139 | 123 | 166 Miscellaneous household | | | | | | | | | equipment....................| 707 | 579 | 342 | 546 | 776 | 705 | 1,086 | 990 | 1,257 Apparel and services..............| 1,729 | 1,452 | 1,086 | 1,465 | 1,687 | 1,584 | 2,507 | 2,286 | 2,883 Men and boys.....................| 407 | 347 | 268 | 345 | 398 | 394 | 579 | 537 | 652 Men, 16 and over................| 323 | 268 | 205 | 261 | 311 | 311 | 483 | 453 | 537 Boys, 2 to 15...................| 84 | 80 | 63 | 84 | 87 | 83 | 95 | 84 | 115 Women and girls..................| 680 | 567 | 408 | 581 | 652 | 634 | 998 | 935 | 1,108 Women, 16 and over..............| 574 | 470 | 327 | 489 | 554 | 489 | 866 | 801 | 978 Girls, 2 to 15..................| 106 | 97 | 82 | 92 | 98 | 144 | 132 | 134 | 130 Children under 2.................| 77 | 72 | 53 | 82 | 72 | 81 | 91 | 96 | 81 Footwear.........................| 315 | 285 | 228 | 279 | 323 | 327 | 396 | 364 | 448 Other apparel products and | | | | | | | | | services......................| 250 | 181 | 130 | 178 | 241 | 149 | 443 | 354 | 594 Transportation....................| 6,457 | 5,741 | 4,131 | 5,780 | 6,533 | 7,178 | 8,657 | 8,375 | 9,177 Vehicle purchases (net outlay)...| 2,736 | 2,508 | 1,906 | 2,479 | 2,837 | 3,125 | 3,437 | 3,488 | 3,342 Cars and trucks, new............| 1,229 | 1,016 | 340 | 1,124 | 1,213 | 1,639 | 1,884 | 1,893 | 1,866 Cars and trucks, used...........| 1,464 | 1,457 | 1,557 | 1,323 | 1,609 | 1,331 | 1,485 | 1,542 | 1,379 Other vehicles..................| 43 | 35 | (4)9 | 32 | (4)15 | 155 | 68 | (4)53 | (4)97 Gasoline and motor oil...........| 1,098 | 1,038 | 791 | 1,102 | 1,085 | 1,238 | 1,280 | 1,259 | 1,319 Other vehicle expenses...........| 2,230 | 1,934 | 1,252 | 1,956 | 2,291 | 2,468 | 3,136 | 2,939 | 3,499 Vehicle finance charges.........| 293 | 291 | 188 | 310 | 323 | 369 | 299 | 310 | 280 Maintenance and repairs.........| 682 | 583 | 416 | 566 | 707 | 699 | 981 | 883 | 1,158 Vehicle insurance...............| 755 | 680 | 484 | 714 | 741 | 842 | 986 | 946 | 1,059 Vehicle rental, leases, | | | | | | | | | licenses, other charges......| 501 | 381 | 165 | 367 | 520 | 558 | 870 | 799 | 1,001 Public transportation............| 393 | 260 | 182 | 243 | 319 | 347 | 804 | 689 | 1,018 Health care.......................| 1,841 | 1,677 | 1,589 | 1,719 | 1,653 | 1,780 | 2,343 | 2,172 | 2,659 Health insurance.................| 881 | 819 | 796 | 857 | 776 | 839 | 1,074 | 998 | 1,217 Medical services.................| 531 | 448 | 339 | 443 | 499 | 574 | 788 | 721 | 913 Drugs............................| 320 | 317 | 367 | 334 | 269 | 266 | 329 | 307 | 368 Medical supplies.................| 108 | 94 | 88 | 85 | 109 | 100 | 151 | 147 | 161 Entertainment.....................| 1,813 | 1,480 | 843 | 1,499 | 1,778 | 2,047 | 2,827 | 2,599 | 3,251 Fees and admissions..............| 471 | 309 | 112 | 286 | 444 | 487 | 970 | 881 | 1,134 Television, radios, sound | | | | | | | | | equipment.....................| 577 | 538 | 383 | 550 | 614 | 648 | 698 | 671 | 749 Pets, toys, and playground | | | | | | | | | equipment.....................| 327 | 282 | 176 | 292 | 335 | 341 | 453 | 430 | 494 Other entertainment supplies, | | | | | | | | | equipment and serv............| 439 | 350 | 173 | 370 | 384 | 571 | 706 | 616 | 874 Personal care products and | | | | | | | | | services.......................| 528 | 476 | 342 | 471 | 571 | 544 | 681 | 665 | 711 Reading...........................| 164 | 122 | 75 | 121 | 151 | 159 | 290 | 243 | 378 Education.........................| 571 | 376 | 125 | 286 | 594 | 711 | 1,166 | 963 | 1,541 Tobacco products and smoking | | | | | | | | | supplies.......................| 264 | 303 | 308 | 333 | 261 | 292 | 141 | 152 | 122 Miscellaneous.....................| 847 | 744 | 532 | 796 | 797 | 893 | 1,165 | 1,062 | 1,356 Cash contributions................| 1,001 | 703 | 546 | 674 | 830 | 833 | 1,921 | 1,779 | 2,184 Personal insurance and pensions...| 3,223 | 2,434 | 1,312 | 2,438 | 2,978 | 3,543 | 5,656 | 5,112 | 6,666 Life and other personal insurance| 379 | 315 | 242 | 316 | 353 | 377 | 575 | 539 | 643 Pensions and Social Security.....| 2,844 | 2,119 | 1,069 | 2,122 | 2,625 | 3,166 | 5,081 | 4,574 | 6,023 Money income before taxes.........| 39,926 | 32,380 | 21,413 | 33,461 | 36,397 | 43,090 | 62,721 | 57,308 | 72,744 Wages and salaries...............| 31,506 | 24,671 | 12,939 | 25,588 | 28,881 | 37,177 | 52,154 | 48,207 | 59,464 Self-employment income(2)........| 1,969 | 1,440 | 873 | 1,592 | 1,946 | 923 | 3,566 | 2,884 | 4,828 Social Security, private and | | | | | | | | | government retireme...........| 4,531 | 4,536 | 5,759 | 4,637 | 3,828 | 3,211 | 4,514 | 4,034 | 5,404 Interest, dividends, rental | | | | | | | | | income, other proper..........| 822 | 564 | 401 | 628 | 559 | 717 | 1,601 | 1,318 | 2,123 Unemployment and workers.........| 206 | 234 | 265 | 228 | 195 | 282 | 122 | 159 | 55 Public assistance, supplemental | | | | | | | | | security income,..............| 382 | 489 | 939 | 424 | 238 | 333 | 60 | 65 | 50 Regular contributions for support| 293 | 260 | 91 | 227 | 446 | 291 | 395 | 322 | 529 Other income.....................| 217 | 186 | 146 | 137 | 305 | 156 | 310 | 320 | 290 Personal taxes....................| 3,241 | 2,225 | 929 | 2,049 | 3,073 | 3,622 | 6,313 | 5,572 | 7,686 Federal income taxes.............| 2,468 | 1,664 | 652 | 1,503 | 2,371 | 2,727 | 4,898 | 4,312 | 5,982 State and local income taxes(2)..| 645 | 460 | 213 | 426 | 606 | 768 | 1,203 | 1,070 | 1,450 Other taxes......................| 129 | 101 | 63 | 121 | 96 | 127 | 213 | 191 | 254 Income after taxes................| 36,684 | 30,156 | 20,484 | 31,411 | 33,324 | 39,468 | 56,408 | 51,736 | 65,058 Net change in total assets and | | | | | | | | | liabilities....................| 1,105 | 220 | -622 | 827 | -121 | 764 | 3,832 | 4,581 | 2,442 Net change in total assets(2)....| 5,886 | 3,791 | 1,211 | 3,626 | 5,079 | 6,886 | 12,343 | 12,472 | 12,104 Net change in total liabilities..| 4,781 | 3,571 | 1,833 | 2,800 | 5,199 | 6,123 | 8,511 | 7,891 | 9,662 Other money receipts..............| 458 | 347 | 439 | 322 | 332 | 268 | 801 | 709 | 972 Mortgage principal paid on owned | | | | | | | | | property.......................| -1,051 | -852 | -497 | -850 | -1,078 | -1,079 | -1,665 | -1,436 | -2,089 Estimated market value of owned | | | | | | | | | home...........................| 76,480 | 62,361 | 45,643 | 63,643 | 66,767 | 83,937 | 119,996 | 109,992 | 138,563 Estimated monthly rental value of | | | | | | | | | owned home.....................| 538 | 453 | 353 | 467 | 476 | 563 | 800 | 751 | 890 Gifts of goods and services.......| 1,059 | 835 | 502 | 857 | 984 | 1,097 | 1,728 | 1,499 | 2,134 Food.............................| 68 | 47 | 17 | 47 | 55 | 94 | 127 | 104 | 168 Housing..........................| 273 | 222 | 138 | 235 | 257 | 268 | 425 | 386 | 497 Housekeeping supplies...........| 37 | 29 | 18 | 32 | 31 | 33 | 59 | 51 | 71 Household textiles..............| 8 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 12 | 11 | 13 Appliances and miscellaneous | | | | | | | | | housewares...................| 27 | 21 | 11 | 26 | 22 | 20 | 46 | 47 | 44 Major appliances...............| 6 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 4 Small appliances and | | | | | | | | | miscellaneous housewares....| 21 | 15 | 7 | 20 | 16 | 12 | 38 | 37 | 40 Miscellaneous household | | | | | | | | | equipment....................| 66 | 53 | 29 | 55 | 65 | 67 | 104 | 96 | 118 Other housing...................| 135 | 112 | 77 | 113 | 130 | 142 | 205 | 180 | 250 Apparel and services.............| 252 | 215 | 165 | 211 | 255 | 238 | 354 | 290 | 461 Males, 2 and over...............| 61 | 54 | 41 | 53 | 60 | 68 | 82 | 80 | 86 Females, 2 and over.............| 81 | 75 | 65 | 74 | 78 | 89 | 99 | 92 | 112 Children under 2................| 33 | 32 | 21 | 37 | 34 | 29 | 35 | 33 | 39 Other apparel products and | | | | | | | | | services.....................| 77 | 55 | 38 | 47 | 83 | 53 | 137 | 86 | 224 Jewelry and watches............| 49 | 30 | (4)9 | 26 | 55 | (4)21 | 101 | 63 | 165 All other apparel products and | | | | | | | | | services....................| 29 | 26 | 29 | 20 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 23 | 59 Transportation...................| 57 | 46 | 24 | 50 | 44 | 82 | 91 | 100 | 74 Health care......................| 30 | 22 | 14 | 19 | 35 | 16 | 57 | 47 | 75 Entertainment....................| 99 | 85 | 49 | 90 | 91 | 126 | 141 | 127 | 166 Toys, games, hobbies, and | | | | | | | | | tricycles....................| 41 | 35 | 25 | 45 | 29 | 36 | 57 | 52 | 67 Other entertainment.............| 58 | 50 | 24 | 45 | 62 | 90 | 84 | 75 | 100 Education........................| 155 | 89 | 37 | 102 | 104 | 115 | 361 | 301 | 471 All other gifts..................| 125 | 109 | 59 | 103 | 143 | 158 | 172 | 144 | 224 ___________________________________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________|_________ 1 Beginning in 1996, this column does not include reference persons with Associate degrees. 2 Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only; see glossary. 3 Value less than 0.5. 4 Data are likely to have large sampling errors. n.a. Not applicable